Vision Research最新文献_第6页

Development of foveal crowding in typically developing children and children with developmental dyslexia 典型发育儿童和发展性阅读障碍儿童中央凹拥挤的发展

IF 1.4 4区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Vision Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108681

Yan-Ru Chen , Xiao-He Yu , Jun-Yun Zhang , Jiu-Ju Wang

Foveal crowding refers to the impaired recognition of a foveal stimulus due to the presence of adjacent flankers. Previous research has produced inconsistent results regarding the maturation of foveal crowding, either at ages 5–7 or remaining elevated from ages 5 to at least 11. We investigated this developmental trajectory using a specialized set of digit stimuli (Pelli fonts) tailored for measuring foveal crowding. We measured foveal crowding in preschoolers, school-age typically developing children, and school-age children with developmental dyslexia, as well as in a group of adults. The results show that foveal crowding decreases with age, reaching adult-like levels around 8 years among preschoolers and typically developing children. Furthermore, dyslexic children exhibited heightened foveal crowding compared to their typical peers by approximately the same amount, regardless of age and reading level. Notably, preschoolers exhibited the most pronounced foveal crowding effects with considerable individual variability: some displayed crowding similar to that of older typical children and adults, while others exhibited similar or even higher levels of crowding compared to dyslexic children. This large variability suggests that foveal crowding may have the potential to serve as an early indicator for identifying developmental dyslexia, a possibility that warrants further longitudinal investigation.

中央凹拥挤是指由于相邻侧翼的存在而导致对中央凹刺激的识别受损。先前的研究得出了不一致的结果，关于中央凹拥挤的成熟，要么在5 - 7岁，要么从5岁到至少11岁。我们研究了这种发展轨迹，使用一套专门的数字刺激（Pelli字体）来测量中央凹拥挤。我们测量了学龄前儿童、学龄典型发育儿童、患有发展性阅读障碍的学龄儿童以及一组成年人的中央凹拥挤情况。结果表明，随着年龄的增长，中央凹拥挤程度会降低，在学龄前儿童和正常发育儿童中，中央凹拥挤程度在8岁左右达到与成人相似的水平。此外，无论年龄和阅读水平如何，诵读困难儿童表现出的中央凹拥挤程度与正常儿童相比大致相同。值得注意的是，学龄前儿童表现出最明显的中央凹拥挤效应，具有相当大的个体差异：一些人表现出与年龄较大的典型儿童和成人相似的拥挤效应，而另一些人则表现出与阅读困难儿童相似甚至更高的拥挤水平。这种巨大的可变性表明，中央凹拥挤可能有潜力作为识别发展性阅读障碍的早期指标，这种可能性值得进一步的纵向研究。

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引用次数: 0

Distinguishing a central selection bias from a central fixation bias: The role of retinal eccentricity in visual selection 区分中心选择偏倚和中心注视偏倚：视网膜偏心在视觉选择中的作用

IF 1.4 4区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Vision Research

Pub Date : 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108682

Zirui Gu, Christian N.L. Olivers, Mieke Donk

Earlier work has shown that the eyes preferably select stimuli that are presented close to central fixation over stimuli presented further away, suggesting the existence of a central selection bias. However, so far studies have confounded retinal eccentricity with distance from the center of a display, and the observed effects may thus have been driven by what is known as the central fixation bias, which is the preference for items near the center of a display rather than the center of the retina. This study aimed to dissociate the central selection bias from the central fixation bias, and to uncover its time course. In two experiments, participants were instructed to make a single eye movement to one of two simultaneously presented singletons. The singletons were always presented at the same distance from the center of the display (thus controlling for the central fixation bias) but their eccentricity relative to the initial fixation point was varied (thus allowing for a central selection bias to operate). When the two singletons were displayed at different eccentricities, participants preferred selecting the nearest item. This central selection bias occurred rapidly and transiently, peaking around 230 ms and lasting until approximately 320 ms after display onset. Together, these results suggest that retinal eccentricity is a major factor when multiple objects compete for selection.

早期的研究表明，眼睛更倾向于选择靠近中心注视点的刺激，而不是远离中心注视点的刺激，这表明存在中心选择偏差。然而，到目前为止，研究已经混淆了视网膜偏心与距离显示中心的距离，因此观察到的影响可能是由所谓的中心注视偏差驱动的，这是对显示中心附近的物品的偏好，而不是视网膜中心。本研究旨在分离中心选择偏差和中心注视偏差，并揭示其时间过程。在两个实验中，参与者被要求对同时呈现的两张单张图片中的一张做一次眼球运动。单子总是在距离显示器中心相同的距离上呈现（从而控制中心固定偏差），但它们相对于初始固定点的偏心是不同的（从而允许中心选择偏差的操作）。当两个单品以不同的偏心位置显示时，参与者倾向于选择最近的一个。这种中心选择偏差发生迅速而短暂，在230毫秒左右达到峰值，并持续到大约320毫秒后显示开始。总之，这些结果表明，当多个物体竞争选择时，视网膜偏心是一个主要因素。

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引用次数: 0

Contextual feedback in object recognition: A biologically inspired computational model and human behavioral study 对象识别中的上下文反馈：生物学启发的计算模型和人类行为研究

IF 1.4 4区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Vision Research

Pub Date : 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108679

Elahe Soltandoost , Karim Rajaei , Reza Ebrahimpour

Scene context is known to significantly influence visual perception, enhancing object recognition particularly under challenging viewing conditions. Behavioral and neuroimaging studies suggest that high-level scene information modulates activity in object-selective brain areas through top-down mechanisms, yet the underlying mechanism of this process remains unclear. Here, we introduce a biologically inspired context-based computational model (CBM) that integrates scene context into object recognition via an explicit feedback mechanism. CBM consists of two distinct pathways: Object_CNN, which processes localized object features, and Place_CNN, which extracts global scene information to modulate object processing. We compare CBM to a standard feedforward model, AlexNet, in a multiclass object recognition task under varying levels of visual degradation and occlusion. CBM significantly outperformed a standard feedforward model (AlexNet), demonstrating the effectiveness of structured contextual feedback in resolving ambiguous or degraded visual input. However, behavioral experiments revealed that while humans also benefited from congruent context — particularly at high occlusion levels — the effect was modest. Human recognition remained relatively robust even without contextual support, suggesting that mechanisms such as global shape processing and pattern completion, likely mediated by local recurrent processes, play a dominant role in resolving occluded input. These findings highlight the potential of contextual feedback for enhancing model performance, while also underscoring key differences between human and models. Our results point toward the need for models that combine context-sensitive feedback with object-intrinsic local recurrent processes to more closely approximate the flexible and resilient strategies of human perception.

众所周知，场景环境会显著影响视觉感知，增强物体识别，特别是在具有挑战性的观看条件下。行为和神经影像学研究表明，高水平的场景信息通过自上而下的机制调节了目标选择脑区的活动，但这一过程的潜在机制尚不清楚。在这里，我们引入了一种受生物学启发的基于上下文的计算模型（CBM），该模型通过明确的反馈机制将场景上下文集成到对象识别中。CBM包括两个不同的路径：Object_CNN和Place_CNN，前者处理局部目标特征，后者提取全局场景信息以调制目标处理。我们将CBM与标准前馈模型AlexNet在不同程度的视觉退化和遮挡下的多类物体识别任务中进行比较。CBM显著优于标准前馈模型（AlexNet），证明了结构化上下文反馈在解决模糊或退化的视觉输入方面的有效性。然而，行为实验显示，虽然人类也从一致的语境中受益，尤其是在高闭塞水平下，但效果是有限的。即使没有上下文支持，人类识别仍然相对强大，这表明可能由局部循环过程介导的全局形状处理和模式完成等机制在解决闭塞输入中起主导作用。这些发现强调了上下文反馈在提高模型性能方面的潜力，同时也强调了人类和模型之间的关键差异。我们的研究结果表明，需要将上下文敏感反馈与对象固有的局部循环过程相结合的模型，以更接近人类感知的灵活和弹性策略。

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引用次数: 0

The contribution of magnocellular selective adaptation to spatial distance compression 大细胞选择适应对空间距离压缩的贡献

IF 1.4 4区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Vision Research

Pub Date : 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108680

Ljubica Jovanovic , Kristian Skoczek , Paul McGraw , Neil Roach , Alan Johnston

Topographic maps early in visual processing preserve the spatial relations of visual stimuli but the metric relationships between these visual directions is not directly accessible. To investigate the magnocellular pathway’s role in metric spatial vision, we employed an adaptation paradigm. Exposure to a 60 Hz flickering disc array (subjectively invisible) induced a systematic compression in the perceived distance between subsequently presented dot pairs. This compression was strongest when adaptation preferentially modulated low spatial frequency channels, consistent with the properties of transient channels tuned to low spatial and high temporal frequencies. Crucially, this compression was attenuated when the adaptor consisted of two cyan lattices rotating on a magenta background near isoluminance, as confirmed by a global motion direction discrimination task. The same pattern emerged when test dots were isoluminant with the background, ruling out test-adaptor similarity as a critical factor. Finally, an isoluminant red-green adaptor flickering on a yellow background induced compression at 3 Hz, but not at 60 Hz. This dissociation aligns with the known properties of magnocellular neurons, which are insesitive to high temporal frequency isoluminant red-green modulation, but can respond to slow isoluminant red-green modulations. These findings reveal a novel role of the magnocellular pathway in metric spatial vision.

视觉处理早期的地形图保留了视觉刺激的空间关系，但这些视觉方向之间的度量关系不能直接获得。为了研究大细胞通路在度量空间视觉中的作用，我们采用了一个适应范式。暴露于60赫兹闪烁的光盘阵列（主观上看不见）诱导了随后呈现的点对之间的感知距离的系统压缩。当自适应优先调制低空间频率信道时，这种压缩最强，这与调谐到低空间和高时间频率的瞬态信道的特性一致。至关重要的是，当适配器由两个青色晶格组成，在接近等亮度的品红背景上旋转时，这种压缩被减弱，正如一个全局运动方向识别任务所证实的那样。当测试点与背景是等光时，出现了相同的模式，排除了测试适配器相似度作为关键因素的可能性。最后，一个在黄色背景上闪烁的红绿适配器在3hz下诱导压缩，而不是在60hz下。这种分离与大细胞神经元的已知特性一致，大细胞神经元对高时间频率的等光红绿调制不敏感，但可以对慢速的等光红绿调制做出反应。这些发现揭示了大细胞通路在度量空间视觉中的新作用。

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引用次数: 0

Strabismus and amblyopia disrupt spatial perception but not the fidelity of cortical maps in human primary visual cortex 斜视和弱视破坏了人类初级视觉皮层的空间知觉，但没有破坏皮层地图的保真度

IF 1.4 4区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Vision Research

Pub Date : 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108677

D. Schluppeck , D. Arnoldussen , Z. Hussain , J. Besle , S.T. Francis , P.V. McGraw

Amblyopia is a common disorder of spatial vision and is frequently associated with the presence of anisometropia, strabismus, or both, during visual development. For highly visible stimuli, subjects with strabismic amblyopia often report marked spatial distortions, but the neural basis of this supra-threshold deficit is not well understood. Here, we used a combination of behavioural measurements and visual field mapping with high spatial-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 7 T to assess perceptual distortions in 12 participants with strabismic amblyopia and 9 control subjects. We measured both behavioural and cortical visual field maps monocularly through each eye. Although amblyopic subjects showed increased perceptual distortions, the layout of V1 maps, as measured through the eccentricity and size of population receptive fields, was largely unaltered compared to controls, with no discernible difference in cortical magnification between groups. This suggests that disruptions to V1 retinotopy do not explain the perceptual distortions experienced by amblyopes.

弱视是一种常见的空间视觉障碍，在视觉发育过程中经常与屈光参差、斜视或两者同时存在有关。对于高度可见的刺激，斜视性弱视的受试者经常报告明显的空间扭曲，但这种超阈值缺陷的神经基础尚未得到很好的理解。在这里，我们使用行为测量和高空间分辨率功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）在7 T时的视野测绘相结合的方法来评估12名斜视弱视参与者和9名对照受试者的知觉扭曲。我们通过每只眼睛单眼测量行为和皮层视野图。虽然弱视受试者表现出更多的知觉扭曲，但V1图的布局，通过群体接受野的偏心率和大小来测量，与对照组相比基本没有改变，两组之间的皮层放大没有明显的差异。这表明V1视网膜切除的破坏并不能解释弱视所经历的知觉扭曲。

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引用次数: 0

The metrics of regressive saccades during reading in 13 written languages 13种书面语言阅读中倒退扫视的度量

IF 1.4 4区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Vision Research

Pub Date : 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108678

Laura Schwalm , Ralph Radach , Victor Kuperman

A well-documented phenomenon in research on eye movement control during reading is the systematic relationship between the landing positions of forward saccades and target word characteristics. However, the behaviour of regressive saccades, which move the eyes in the opposite direction, remains less explored. This study delves into the landing positions of regressive saccades, emphasizing the distinction between intra-word and inter-word regressions, across diverse languages. Using data from the MECO L1 project, which includes eye-tracking data from 589 participants across 13 languages, we scrutinize the precise landing positions of regressions vis-à-vis forward saccades. Our analysis shows a robust effect of launch distance on landing positions for progressive saccades, with undershoots increasing as launch distance grows and overshoots with shorter launch distances. In contrast, regressive inter-word saccades show only minimal variation in landing positions, typically landing near the centre of the target word regardless of launch distance or word length. Intra-word regressions, however, display a pattern similar to progressive saccades, where the landing position is influenced by launch distance, tending to overshoot the optimal viewing position as the launch site moves away from the word’s end. This pattern is consistent across all languages. These findings support the notion of cross-linguistic universality in oculomotor control mechanisms during reading, particularly the precision of regressive saccades. They align with the spatial coding hypothesis, suggesting that precise spatial memory of word positions guides regressive saccades.

在阅读过程中眼球运动控制的研究中，一个有充分证据的现象是前扫视的着落位置与目标词特征之间的系统关系。然而，眼睛向相反方向移动的退行性扫视行为仍未得到充分研究。本研究探讨了倒退扫视的着陆位置，强调了不同语言中词内和词间倒退的区别。使用MECO L1项目的数据，其中包括来自13种语言的589名参与者的眼球追踪数据，我们仔细检查了-à-vis前扫视回归的精确着陆位置。我们的分析表明，发射距离对渐进式扫视的着陆位置有很强的影响，随着发射距离的增加，过冲量增加，随着发射距离的缩短，过冲量增加。相比之下，回归词间扫视在着陆位置上只有很小的变化，通常着陆在目标词的中心附近，而不管发射距离或单词长度。然而，单词内回归显示了一种类似于递进扫视的模式，其中着陆位置受到发射距离的影响，随着发射地点远离单词的末端，往往会超过最佳观看位置。这种模式在所有语言中都是一致的。这些发现支持了阅读过程中动眼肌控制机制的跨语言普遍性，特别是退化扫视的准确性。它们与空间编码假说一致，表明对单词位置的精确空间记忆引导了倒退性扫视。

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引用次数: 0

Motion upside-down: Response priming with inverted biological primes 运动颠倒：反应启动与倒置的生物启动

IF 1.4 4区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Vision Research

Pub Date : 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108669

David Eckert , Christina Bermeitinger

The ability to perceive and quickly process biological motion is a key aspect in human information processing that allows for rapid reactions. Previous research demonstrated a strong activation elicited by biological movements as primes in response priming. Research has shown that for biological stimuli in general, a change in orientation can strongly affect perception, information extraction, and attention shifting. However, it is unclear whether motor activation is subject to this influence. The response priming paradigm is a suitable tool in cognitive psychology to investigate motor preactivations in general. Here, two experiments investigate the behavioral priming effects of upside-down presented biological movements on static targets in different SOA-steps. We use two stimuli for biological movements: a dynamic point-light walker (Experiment 1) and a face with a dynamic gaze (Experiment 2). Both stimuli are compared to their upright versions. While with upright biological movements, we replicate strong PCEs in both experiments, an upside-down PLW led to significantly weaker PCEs, suggesting an attenuation of priming effects through inversion. Interestingly, a scrambled-dot condition led to sustained PCEs, suggesting possible preserved local motion trajectories. As to gaze primes, both an upright and an upside-down version produced equally strong PCEs with a decline at a longer SOA. Motor activation elicited by gaze movement direction is sustained and independent from orientation. Our findings show that inversion can affect motor activation in biological motion processing. This influence, however, depends on the nature of the stimulus.

感知和快速处理生物运动的能力是人类信息处理的一个关键方面，它允许快速反应。先前的研究表明，在反应启动中，生物运动作为启动物引起的强烈激活。研究表明，对于一般的生物刺激，方向的改变会强烈影响感知、信息提取和注意力转移。然而，尚不清楚运动激活是否受到这种影响。在认知心理学中，反应启动范式是研究运动预激活的一个合适的工具。在此，两个实验探讨了在不同的soa步骤中，倒置呈现的生物运动对静态目标的行为启动效应。我们使用两种刺激进行生物运动：动态点光步行者（实验1）和动态凝视面部（实验2）。将这两种刺激与直立刺激进行比较。在直立生物运动中，我们在两个实验中都复制了较强的pce，而倒置的PLW导致pce明显较弱，这表明通过反转可以减弱启动效应。有趣的是，乱点状态导致了持续的pce，这表明可能保留了局部运动轨迹。至于凝视质数，直立和倒立的版本都产生了同样强大的pce，但在较长的SOA中有所下降。注视运动方向引起的运动激活是持续的，与注视方向无关。我们的研究结果表明，倒置可以影响生物运动加工中的运动激活。然而，这种影响取决于刺激的性质。

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引用次数: 0

Modulation of alerting and orienting attention on spatial suppression 空间抑制下警觉和定向注意的调制

IF 1.4 4区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Vision Research

Pub Date : 2025-08-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108676

Yu-Wan Zhao , Jing-Wen Xiang , Yong-Chun Cai

Spatial suppression is a phenomenon in which, for high-contrast stimuli, larger stimuli typically elicit weaker neural responses and produce worse perceptual performance compared to smaller stimuli. This phenomenon is thought to arise from inhibitory connections between neurons. Although recent studies have suggested that feedback connections from high areas can influence these inhibitory processes, implying that attention may modulate spatial suppression, direct evidence for such modulation remains scarce. In particular, the impact of an important component of attention, alerting, has been overlooked. The present study aimed to explore the effects of two distinct components of attention—alerting and orienting—on spatial suppression. Our results indicate that alerting enhances spatial suppression. Furthermore, upon isolating the influence of orienting after controlling for alerting levels, we discovered that the influence of orienting on spatial suppression is feature-dependent. Specifically, while orienting attention to orientation enhances spatial suppression, orienting to contrast does not elicit the same effect. Our results indicate that spatial suppression is a flexible processing mechanism subject to widespread high-level cognitive modulations.

空间抑制是一种现象，对于高对比度的刺激，与较小的刺激相比，较大的刺激通常会引起较弱的神经反应，产生较差的感知表现。这种现象被认为是由神经元之间的抑制性连接引起的。虽然最近的研究表明，来自高区域的反馈连接可以影响这些抑制过程，这意味着注意可能调节空间抑制，但这种调节的直接证据仍然很少。特别是，注意力的一个重要组成部分——警觉的影响一直被忽视。本研究旨在探讨注意-警觉和定向两种不同成分对空间抑制的影响。我们的研究结果表明，警报增强了空间抑制。此外，在控制警报水平后，在隔离定向的影响后，我们发现定向对空间抑制的影响是特征依赖的。具体来说，虽然将注意力定向到方向会增强空间抑制，但定向到对比不会产生相同的效果。我们的研究结果表明，空间抑制是一种灵活的加工机制，受到广泛的高级认知调节。

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引用次数: 0

Facilitation beyond suppression: Enhanced direction discrimination after bidirectional motion adaptation 超越抑制的促进：双向运动适应后的方向辨别增强

IF 1.4 4区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Vision Research

Pub Date : 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108663

Sabrina Karjack , Alexander Yu , Zili Liu

This study investigates how unidirectional and bidirectional motion adaptation affects direction discrimination sensitivity using a rotational motion paradigm. Participants adapted to rotating log-spiral stimuli under three conditions: clockwise, counterclockwise, or bidirectional (opposing directions simultaneously). They then performed a direction discrimination task, judging whether a briefly presented test stimulus rotated clockwise or counterclockwise. Unidirectional adaptation decreased sensitivity and induced a directional bias, consistent with the suppressive effects of adaptation and the waterfall motion illusion. In contrast, bidirectional adaptation enhanced direction discrimination sensitivity without introducing directional bias. These findings challenge traditional models of motion adaptation that emphasize direction-specific suppression. Instead, they support a dynamic, resource-based account in which the visual system actively recalibrates sensitivity to optimize performance based on the distribution of motion stimuli in the environment.

本研究探讨了单向和双向运动适应如何影响旋转运动模式下的方向识别灵敏度。参与者适应在三种条件下旋转对数螺旋刺激：顺时针、逆时针或双向（同时相反的方向）。然后，他们执行一个方向辨别任务，判断一个短暂呈现的测试刺激是顺时针旋转还是逆时针旋转。单向适应降低了敏感性并引起了方向性偏差，这与适应的抑制效应和瀑布运动错觉一致。双向自适应在不引入方向偏置的情况下提高了方向识别灵敏度。这些发现挑战了强调方向特异性抑制的传统运动适应模型。相反，它们支持一种动态的、基于资源的解释，在这种解释中，视觉系统主动重新校准灵敏度，以根据环境中运动刺激的分布来优化性能。

引用次数: 0

Visual functions in non-overlapping visual field defects: dichoptic experiments in healthy subjects with simulated scotomas 非重叠视野缺陷的视觉功能：模拟暗斑的健康受试者的二分实验

IF 1.4 4区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Vision Research

Pub Date : 2025-08-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2025.108666

Mehrdad Gazanchian , Frans W. Cornelissen , Nomdo M. Jansonius

In clinical care, glaucoma patients are often assumed to have normal vision as long as each point of visual space is seen normally by at least one eye. Recent studies have challenged this assumption. In glaucoma, visual perception of spatially fragmented binocular input may be altered by long-term neural adaptation and by acute sensory effects. These two components cannot be disentangled easily in glaucoma patients, but the latter component can be isolated with simulated visual field defects in healthy subjects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to find out if simulated non-overlapping visual field defects (NOVFDs) can hamper certain aspects of visual perception in healthy subjects. We included 10 healthy subjects in this cross-sectional, observational study. Subjects underwent psychophysical experiments targeting contrast sensitivity, motion perception (line motion and coherent dot motion), and shape recognition. Experiments were done in three different viewing conditions using a stereoscope: (1) binocularly, (2) with simulated NOVFDs, and (3) monocularly. The NOVFDs viewing condition resulted in a decreased performance across all tested aspects of visual perception, when compared to the binocular viewing condition. The NOVFDs viewing condition resulted in a poorer performance in shape recognition compared to the monocular viewing condition. No other differences were observed between these two viewing conditions. Our results show that simulated NOVFDs impair certain visual functions. This contributes to the basic understanding of visual perception in healthy subjects and acts as a first step in the understanding of the relationship between disease stage and the visual problems that glaucoma patients may experience.

在临床护理中，只要至少有一只眼睛能正常看到每个视觉空间点，就通常认为青光眼患者视力正常。最近的研究挑战了这一假设。在青光眼中，视觉感知空间碎片化的双眼输入可能被长期的神经适应和急性感觉效应改变。这两种成分在青光眼患者中不容易分离，但后一种成分可以通过模拟健康人的视野缺陷分离出来。因此，本研究的目的是发现模拟的非重叠视野缺陷（NOVFDs）是否会妨碍健康受试者的某些视觉感知。我们在这项横断面观察性研究中纳入了10名健康受试者。受试者进行了针对对比敏感度、运动感知（线运动和连贯点运动）和形状识别的心理物理实验。实验使用立体镜在三种不同的观察条件下进行：(1)双目，(2)模拟novfd，(3)单眼。与双目观看条件相比，novfd观看条件导致视觉感知的所有测试方面的性能下降。与单目观看条件相比，novfd观看条件导致形状识别性能较差。在这两种观看条件之间没有观察到其他差异。我们的研究结果表明，模拟的novfd损害了某些视觉功能。这有助于对健康受试者视觉感知的基本理解，并作为理解青光眼患者疾病分期与视觉问题之间关系的第一步。

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引用次数: 0