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Influence of material-material interactions and wear on coarse waste shredders. 物料间相互作用及磨损对粗粒碎纸机的影响。
IF 3.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.1177/0734242X241306602
Tatjana Lasch, Karim Khodier, Christoph Feyerer, Markus Lehner, Renato Sarc

This article uses model materials to introduce a controlled, location- and manufacturer-independent internationally accepted method for assessing shredding machines based on large-scale tests. Furthermore, a better understanding of the comminution behaviour of shredders with fixed settings (gap width, shaft speed, cutting tool geometry) is in the focus of the present investigation and assessed, using the statistical analyses for particle size distribution in certain screen sections. Conclusions have been drawn on the comminution behaviour in general and the material-material interactions of different fractions in the grinding chamber of the shredder by showing significant differences in the pure fraction's comminution behaviour against the mixture's comminution behaviour. In addition, the effect of the wear condition of the cutting tools on the particle size distribution has been investigated using statistical tests. As a result, interactions of the materials in the shredder grinding chamber can be demonstrated. The null hypothesis of the statistical test can be rejected due to the p-values, which are around 0.01 and therefore less than the predetermined alpha, which is 0.05, meaning that the shredding behaviour of pure fractions and those in a mixture is different. Additional investigations of waste wood only have shown that the wear condition of the cutting tools does not exhibit any effect on the particle size distribution of waste wood, as seen in the p-value (0.29), which is higher than the used alpha value. This could mean that the cutting tools need to be changed less frequently, which could have a positive effect on plant operation.

本文使用模型材料介绍了一种受控的、独立于位置和制造商的国际公认的基于大规模试验的碎纸机评估方法。此外,利用对某些筛段粒度分布的统计分析,更好地了解具有固定设置(间隙宽度、轴速、刀具几何形状)的碎纸机的粉碎行为是本研究和评估的重点。通过显示纯组分的粉碎行为与混合物的粉碎行为的显着差异,得出了粉碎行为的总体和不同组分在碎纸机粉碎室中的物质相互作用的结论。此外,利用统计试验研究了刀具磨损状况对颗粒尺寸分布的影响。因此,物料在碎纸机研磨室的相互作用可以被证明。统计检验的零假设可以被拒绝,因为p值约为0.01,因此小于预定的α值0.05,这意味着纯分数和混合物中的分数的粉碎行为是不同的。对废木材的进一步研究表明,刀具的磨损状况对废木材的粒度分布没有任何影响,如p值(0.29)所示,该值高于使用的alpha值。这可能意味着切削刀具需要更换的频率较低,这可能对工厂的运行产生积极的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of regulatory policy instruments on plastic waste generation in India: A system dynamics approach. 监管政策工具对印度塑料废物产生的影响:系统动力学方法。
IF 3.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.1177/0734242X241304342
Nishith Jardosh, Vinish Kathuria

Monitoring plastic consumption in emerging economies such as India is crucial because in these countries more than half of the consumption gets converted into waste within a year. In 2022, the Government of India enforced the Plastic Waste Management Rules to manage plastic waste. This article aims to find the potential impact of these rules on plastic waste generation from now until 2050. The simulation is carried out in two steps. In step one, a material flow analysis is conducted that maps plastic flow from production to its end-of-life. Through this it is estimated that at an optimistic level, off the 20 million metric tonnes (Mt) of plastic consumed, around 10 Mt is added to stock, 4.5 Mt is recycled, 2.5 Mt is reutilized and the balance 3 Mt is mismanaged. In step two, through system dynamics model, the impact of policy instruments is estimated on each stage of the flow of plastic assuming a phased implementation. Through this model, it is found that annually mismanaged plastic waste increases 11 to 28 Mt in 2050 in a business-as-usual scenario; however, implementing all the policies in a phased manner would stabilize waste generation from 2040 onwards.

监测印度等新兴经济体的塑料消费至关重要,因为在这些国家,超过一半的消费在一年内转化为废物。2022年,印度政府实施了《塑料废物管理规则》来管理塑料废物。本文旨在找出从现在到2050年这些规则对塑料废物产生的潜在影响。仿真分两步进行。在第一步中,进行物料流分析,绘制从生产到使用寿命结束的塑料流。据估计,在乐观的水平上,在消耗的2000万吨塑料中,约有1000万吨被添加到库存中,450万吨被回收,250万吨被重新利用,剩余的300万吨管理不善。第二步,通过系统动力学模型,假设分阶段实施,估计政策工具对塑料流动各个阶段的影响。通过该模型,研究人员发现,在一切照旧的情况下,到2050年,管理不善的塑料垃圾每年将增加1100万吨至2800万吨;然而,分阶段实施所有政策将从2040年起稳定废物产生。
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引用次数: 0
Exploratory study on the impact of military actions on the environment and infrastructure in the current Ukraine war with a specific focus on waste management. 探索性研究当前乌克兰战争中军事行动对环境和基础设施的影响,特别侧重于废物管理。
IF 3.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1177/0734242X241305909
Olena Hanoshenko, Mykola Halaktionov, Marion Huber-Humer

The war in Ukraine and its consequences are becoming a disaster not only on a national scale but also for many other countries. The overview and considerations on such consequences given in this article shall help in managing and restoring (Ukrainian) territories after war. A structured analysis of literature about the war and post-war impact on the environment paired with 'grey literature' and the collection of currently available information from regional and national government agencies and official organizations on the specific situation in Ukraine, with a particular focus on waste management issues, was conducted. The main groups of environmental components affected by military actions are analysed, systematized, and classified. It is shown that the negative impact of military actions has irreversible consequences for the environment not only in Ukraine but is also already gaining global proportions. In addition, much of the infrastructure in the waste management sector has been destroyed, meaning that large volumes of unsorted and untreated waste are now ending up in landfills, most of which are uncontrolled since other more effective and sustainable environmental and waste management options are currently missing. Therefore, it is necessary to develop remediation concepts and implement comprehensive measures to clean up the territories and restore environmental components and the waste management sector after war. This includes - among other issues - assessing or measuring the generation and composition of post-war demolition waste and municipal solid waste during and after the war as a basis for further planning and decision-making.

乌克兰的战争及其后果正在成为一场灾难,不仅在全国范围内,而且对许多其他国家也是如此。本文对这种后果的概述和考虑将有助于战后管理和恢复(乌克兰)领土。对有关战争和战后对环境影响的文献进行了结构化分析,并与“灰色文献”相结合,收集了区域和国家政府机构和官方组织目前提供的关于乌克兰具体情况的信息,特别侧重于废物管理问题。受军事行动影响的主要环境成分组被分析、系统化和分类。它表明,军事行动的消极影响不仅对乌克兰的环境造成不可逆转的后果,而且已经在全球范围内蔓延。此外,废物管理部门的许多基础设施遭到破坏,这意味着大量未经分类和未经处理的废物现在被填埋,其中大多数是不受控制的,因为目前缺乏其他更有效和可持续的环境和废物管理办法。因此,有必要制定补救概念,并实施综合措施,以清理领土,恢复战后的环境成分和废物管理部门。除其他问题外,这包括评估或衡量战后拆除废物和城市固体废物在战争期间和战后的产生和组成,作为进一步规划和决策的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Managing the e-waste crisis in Africa: A mini-review of policies, practices, technologies and business model innovations. 管理非洲的电子垃圾危机:对政策、实践、技术和商业模式创新的小型回顾。
IF 3.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1177/0734242X241304321
Meserecordias Wilfred Lema

This article aims to undertake a mini-review of the current state of electronic waste (e-waste) challenges on the African continent through a systematic analysis of existing national policies and legal frameworks, inventorying established management practices, and identification of innovative technological solutions. A literature review was conducted synthesizing evidence from over 80 peer-reviewed publications between 2010 and 2022. Content analysis of e-waste laws from 20 African countries supplemented the review of documented collection, recycling and export-related activities across the region alongside associated obstacles. Key findings indicate that while several African countries have enacted initial e-waste regulations, significant gaps persist around implementation and enforcement capabilities. Formal recycling remains minimal due to underdeveloped infrastructure, and the majority of e-scrap continues to be crudely processed informally resulting to health and environmental risks. Monitoring of transboundary trade and treatment standards also requires strengthening to curb the flow of undocumented shipments. Several technological start-ups and social enterprises are piloting novel approaches but require further testing and scale-up support. Based on these insights, the study recommends a harmonized policy framework and monitoring systems established through regional coordination. Recommendations also propose strategies to incentivize reducing consumption and promote eco-industrial parks for integrated recycling.

本文旨在通过对现有国家政策和法律框架的系统分析,对已建立的管理实践进行盘点,并确定创新的技术解决方案,对非洲大陆电子废物(电子废物)挑战的现状进行一次小型审查。在2010年至2022年期间,研究人员综合了80多份同行评审出版物的证据,进行了文献综述。对20个非洲国家电子废物法的内容分析补充了对整个区域记录的收集、回收和出口相关活动以及相关障碍的审查。主要调查结果表明,虽然一些非洲国家已经颁布了初步的电子废物法规,但在实施和执法能力方面仍然存在重大差距。由于基础设施不发达,正式的回收仍然很少,而且大多数电子废料继续进行非正式的粗加工,造成健康和环境风险。还需要加强对跨界贸易和待遇标准的监测,以遏制无证件货物的流动。一些技术初创企业和社会企业正在试验新的方法,但需要进一步测试和扩大支持。根据这些见解,研究报告建议通过区域协调建立统一的政策框架和监测系统。建议还提出了鼓励减少消费和促进生态工业园区综合回收的策略。
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引用次数: 0
An application of solvent and thermal treatment to recover materials from photovoltaic module encapsulated with polyolefin elastomer. 溶剂和热处理在回收聚烯烃弹性体封装光伏组件材料中的应用。
IF 3.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1177/0734242X241305092
Aistis Rapolas Zubas, Inna Pitak, Gintaras Denafas, Egidijus Griškonis, Jolita Kruopienė

High-quality recycling of photovoltaic (PV) modules starts with a delamination process. It aims to remove the encapsulation layer between glass and solar cells. Many studies have investigated the delamination of ethylene-vinyl acetate encapsulant, whereas the delamination of polyolefin elastomer (POE) encapsulation in solar modules remains a research gap. This study presents methods of solvent and thermal treatment for the separation of layers in a PV module encapsulated with POE polymer. Various organic compounds were tested for the solvent treatment. The results showed that most of the solvents did not separate the materials. However, with some of them, polymer swelling was achieved. Glycerol was the only solvent capable of separating glass from multi-material laminate. The separated glass does not include contaminants and is therefore suitable for the use as a secondary material. However, the solar cells remained encapsulated in the polymer, thus additional processing is needed to remove it. The time and solvent temperature for glycerol treatment were measured. The thermal treatment was conducted based on the results of thermogravimetric analyses, which determined the degradation of POE under heating conditions. Thermal treatment at 500°C for 1 hour in an air atmosphere was found to be the effective way to detach PV layers. Glass, solar cells and metal ribbons were separated without polymer contamination and are therefore suitable for further use.

光伏(PV)组件的高质量回收始于分层过程。它旨在去除玻璃和太阳能电池之间的封装层。许多研究对乙烯-醋酸乙烯封装剂的分层进行了研究,而聚烯烃弹性体(POE)封装在太阳能组件中的分层仍然是一个研究空白。本研究提出了用溶剂和热处理方法分离POE聚合物封装的光伏组件层。对各种有机化合物进行了溶剂处理试验。结果表明,绝大多数溶剂不能使物料分离。然而,其中一些实现了聚合物膨胀。甘油是唯一能够将玻璃从多材料层压板中分离出来的溶剂。分离后的玻璃不含污染物,因此适合作为二次材料使用。然而,太阳能电池仍然被包裹在聚合物中,因此需要额外的处理来去除它。测定了甘油处理的时间和溶剂温度。根据热重分析结果进行热处理,确定了POE在加热条件下的降解情况。在空气中500℃热处理1小时是分离PV层的有效方法。玻璃、太阳能电池和金属带在没有聚合物污染的情况下分离,因此适合进一步使用。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of type and quantities of food and beverage plastic packaging: A case study. 评估食品和饮料塑料包装的种类和数量:一个案例研究。
IF 3.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-12-08 DOI: 10.1177/0734242X241302450
Goran Bošković, Nemanja Stanisavljević, Bojan Batinić, Srđan Kovačević, Nebojša Jovičić, Angelina Cvetanović

Plastic pollution has been identified as one of the most pressing environmental issues of the 21st century, driven by excessive consumption and inadequate plastic waste management. This issue is particularly reflected in short lifespan of plastic products, particularly plastic packaging within the food and beverage (F&B) industry. Urgent and relevant policy actions are needed to promote plastic circularity and improve waste management practices. Developing countries such as Montenegro face significant challenges in managing plastic waste flows due to legal, institutional and infrastructural gaps. This research addresses these challenges by employing material flow analysis (MFA) and advanced techniques like artificial neural networks to estimate the quantities and types of plastic packaging used in the F&B sector in Montenegro. The findings reveal that over 21,300 tonnes of F&B plastic packaging were placed on the market in Montenegro in 2018. Approximately 11% of this amount ends up directly littered in the environment or dumpsites, whereas the remaining 89% is predominantly collected and deposited in controlled landfills. Detailed MFA models were developed separately for the eight most common polymer types used in the F&B sector, along with specific models for plastic bags and polyethene terephthalate bottles to explore closed-loop recycling systems. It was found that only a small fraction of all analysed types of plastic packaging placed on the market can be effectively treated and recycled. This research contributes to the understanding of plastic waste management in Montenegro and facilitates the formulation of effective strategies to mitigate plastic pollution in the F&B industry.

塑料污染已被确定为21世纪最紧迫的环境问题之一,其驱动因素是过度消费和塑料废物管理不足。这个问题特别反映在塑料产品的短寿命上,特别是食品和饮料(F&B)行业的塑料包装。需要采取紧急和相关的政策行动,促进塑料循环,改善废物管理做法。由于法律、体制和基础设施方面的差距,黑山等发展中国家在管理塑料废物流动方面面临重大挑战。本研究通过采用物料流分析(MFA)和人工神经网络等先进技术来估计黑山餐饮部门使用的塑料包装的数量和类型,从而解决了这些挑战。调查结果显示,2018年黑山市场上有超过21,300吨的餐饮塑料包装。其中大约11%的垃圾直接被丢弃在环境或垃圾场,而剩下的89%则主要被收集并存放在受控制的垃圾填埋场。详细的MFA模型分别针对餐饮行业中使用的八种最常见的聚合物类型,以及塑料袋和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯瓶的特定模型,以探索闭环回收系统。研究发现,在投放市场的所有经分析的塑料包装中,只有一小部分能得到有效处理和回收。本研究有助于了解黑山的塑料废物管理,并有助于制定有效的战略,以减轻餐饮行业的塑料污染。
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引用次数: 0
New insights into the link between pro-environmental attitudes and household food waste behaviours in China: Moderating effect of shopping distance. 中国家庭食物浪费行为与环保态度之间关系的新见解:购物距离的调节作用
IF 3.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-30 DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231219628
Hong-Xing Wen, Xiao-Qing Wu, Ting Cui, Zhen-Ni Yang, You-Hua Chen

Environmental attitude, value and awareness are widely believed to help reach the goal of cutting global food waste, but these psychological and cognitive factors are not always good predictors of wasteful behaviours. Notably, it is still unclear how the role of pro-environmental attitude (PEA) in reducing household food waste (HFW) changes with grocery shopping distance. To this end, using 7319 households survey data from China, this study investigates the moderating effect of shopping distance on the link between PEA and HFW behaviour. The results of Tobit regressions show that PEA is an important predictor of actual HFW behaviour in the absence of the constraint of shopping distance. However, the expansion of shopping distance will weaken the positive role of PEA in reducing HFW. It indicates that, due to the temporal and financial constraints generated by shopping distance, there is a certain degree of hypothetical deviation between the wasteful behaviours that individuals actually exhibit and their stated PEA. Our findings, from the perspective of the moderating effect of shopping distance, explain why some individuals deviate from their stated PEA in HFW behaviour, which provides a new insight into the generation of 'attitude-behaviour' gap. Therefore, policy interventions that merely enhancing environmental education may have limited effect on reducing food waste; instead, the promotion of citizen environmental ethics should be combined with efforts to improve the accessibility of retail infrastructures.

人们普遍认为,环保态度、价值观和意识有助于实现减少全球食物浪费的目标,但这些心理和认知因素并不总是浪费行为的良好预测因素。值得注意的是,亲环境态度(PEA)在减少家庭食物浪费(HFW)中的作用如何随购物距离的变化而变化,目前仍不清楚。为此,本研究利用中国 7319 个家庭的调查数据,探讨了购物距离对亲环境态度与家庭食物浪费行为之间联系的调节作用。Tobit 回归结果表明,在没有购物距离限制的情况下,PEA 是预测实际高频消费行为的重要因素。然而,购物距离的扩大会削弱 PEA 在减少高频挥霍方面的积极作用。这表明,由于购物距离产生的时间和经济限制,个人实际表现出的浪费行为与他们声明的 PEA 之间存在一定程度的假设偏差。我们的研究结果从购物距离的调节作用角度,解释了为什么有些人的高家庭消费行为会偏离其声明的 PEA,这为 "态度-行为 "差距的产生提供了新的视角。因此,仅仅加强环境教育的政策干预对减少食物浪费的效果可能有限;相反,公民环境道德的宣传应与改善零售基础设施的可及性相结合。
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引用次数: 0
Oxygen diffusion in biochar-based mixtures as plant growth media: Experimental and modelling. 作为植物生长介质的生物炭混合物中的氧气扩散:实验与建模
IF 3.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-13 DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231219631
Golnoosh Banitalebi, Mohammad Reza Mosaddeghi, Hossein Shariatmadari

A large amount of agricultural waste is produced annually. Producing biochar is an excellent solution for waste management, resource recovery, emission reduction, energy production, reduction in transportation and enhancing carbon sequestration. This study was done to investigate the aeration status of biochar-based growth media as compared with the commercial soilless medium of cocopeat-perlite. Biochars from oven-dried residues were produced by slow pyrolysis at 300 (B300) and 500°C (B500) with a rate of 2°C min-1 and using a continuous inflow of nitrogen. Sawdust (Sd), wheat straw (WS), rice hull (Rh), palm bunches (Plm) and sugarcane bagasse (SC), their biochars, vermiculite (V) and zeolite (Z) were used to prepare 13 mixed growth media. Oxygen diffusion coefficient (Dp) of media was measured at six matric potentials (h) of -5, -10, -15, -20, -40 and -60 hPa. Troeh et al. (1982) model was fitted to Dp/D0 versus air-filled porosity (AFP) data. Although AFP was more than 0.1 m3 m-3 for some media, the Dp/D0 was very low. Considering optimum Dp/D0 (i.e. 0.010-0.015) for growth substrates at h = -8 hPa, aeration status of four media (cocopeat-perlite, Rh-SCB300-Z, Sd-SCB300-Z and WSB500-Rh-V) was optimum. Highest Dp/D0 at h = -8 hPa was observed for Rh-SCB300-Z. The AFP at h = -10 hPa was highest for Rh-SCB300-Z, cocopeat-perlite and WSB500-Rh-V. Biochar-based media with good aeration status and water retention can be a suitable substitute for commercial soilless culture in greenhouse production. Overall, WSB500-Rh-V is a suitable substitute for cocopeat-perlite.

每年都会产生大量的农业废弃物。生产生物炭是废物管理、资源回收、减排、能源生产、减少运输和加强碳固存的极佳解决方案。本研究旨在调查生物炭生长介质与椰糠-珍珠岩商业无土栽培介质的通气状况。通过在 300 (B300) 和 500 (B500)°C 温度下以 2°C min-1 的速度并使用持续流入的氮气进行缓慢热解,从烘干的残留物中生产出生物炭。锯末 (Sd)、麦秆 (WS)、稻壳 (Rh)、棕榈穗 (Plm) 和甘蔗渣 (SC)、它们的生物炭、蛭石 (V) 和沸石 (Z) 被用来制备 13 种混合生长介质。在 -5、-10、-15、-20、-40 和 -60 hPa 六种母势 (h) 下测量了培养基的氧扩散系数 (Dp)。Troeh 等人(1982 年)根据 Dp/D0 与充气孔隙度 (AFP) 数据建立了模型。虽然某些介质的 AFP 超过 0.1 立方米/立方米,但 Dp/D0 却很低。考虑到生长基质在 h = -8 hPa 时的最佳 Dp/D0(即 0.010-0.015),四种培养基(cocopeat-perlite、Rh-SCB300-Z、Sd-SCB300-Z 和 WSB500-Rh-V)的通气状态最佳。Rh-SCB300-Z 在 h = -8 hPa 时的 Dp/D0 最高。在 h = -10 hPa 时,Rh-SCB300-Z、cocopeat-perlite 和 WSB500-Rh-V 的 AFP 最高。以生物炭为基础的培养基具有良好的通气性和保水性能,可在温室生产中替代商业无土栽培。总之,WSB500-Rh-V 是椰糠-珍珠岩的合适替代品。
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引用次数: 0
Liquid fertilizers produced by microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis of livestock and poultry wastes and their effects on hot pepper cultivation. 通过微波辅助酸水解畜禽粪便生产的液体肥料及其对辣椒种植的影响。
IF 3.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.1177/0734242X241227368
Inas A Hashem, Ronggui Hu, Mohamed Hh Abbas, Taghred A Hashem, Muhammad Hamzah Saleem, Wenbing Zhou, Naidong Xiao

Liquid fertilizers (LFs) produced by microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis of livestock and poultry wastes were applied to potted hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to evaluate their potential to be used as amino acid LFs. A preliminary experiment was conducted to determine the optimum acid-hydrolysis conditions for producing LFs from a mixture of pig hair and faeces (P) and another mixture of chicken feathers and faeces (C). Two LFs were produced under the optimum acid-hydrolysis conditions (acidification by sulphuric acid (7.5 mol L-1) in a microwave (200 W) for 90 minutes), and a commercial amino acid LF (Guo Guang (GG)) was used for comparison. P, C and GG fertilizers were tested in potted hot pepper cultivation at two doses, whereas no fertilizer application served as the control (CK). P and C fertilizers significantly increased the fruit yield compared with GG fertilizer, particularly at the higher dose. Moreover, the treatments improved the fruit vitamin C and soluble sugar contents in the order of C > P > GG compared with CK. These results could be attributed to more types of amino acids in C fertilizer than in P and GG fertilizers. The results also indicated that the prepared fertilizers could significantly increase the shoot and root dry weight, soil available nitrogen and phosphorus contents and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) uptake by plants compared with CK. In conclusion, microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis could effectively convert unusable wastes into valuable fertilizers comparable or even superior to commercial fertilizers.

通过微波辅助酸水解畜禽粪便生产的液体肥料(LFs)被用于盆栽辣椒(Capsicum annuum L.),以评估其作为氨基酸液体肥料的潜力。初步实验确定了从猪毛和粪便混合物(P)以及鸡毛和粪便混合物(C)中生产 LFs 的最佳酸水解条件。在最佳酸水解条件下(在微波炉(200 瓦)中用硫酸(7.5 摩尔/升-1)酸化 90 分钟)生产了两种 LF,并使用了一种商业氨基酸 LF(国光(GG))进行比较。在盆栽辣椒栽培中测试了两种剂量的 P 肥、C 肥和 GG 肥,而不施肥则作为对照(CK)。与 GG 肥料相比,P 肥料和 C 肥料能明显提高果实产量,尤其是在高剂量下。此外,与 CK 相比,这些处理提高了果实维生素 C 和可溶性糖的含量,顺序为 C > P > GG。这些结果可能是因为 C 肥料中的氨基酸种类多于 P 肥料和 GG 肥料。研究结果还表明,与 CK 相比,所制备的肥料能显著提高植物的芽和根的干重、土壤可利用氮和磷的含量以及氮、磷、钾(NPK)的吸收量。总之,微波辅助酸水解可以有效地将不可利用的废物转化为有价值的肥料,其效果可与商业肥料相媲美,甚至更胜一筹。
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引用次数: 0
Predicting opinion using deep learning: From burning to sustainable management of organic waste in Indian State of Punjab. 利用深度学习预测舆论:印度旁遮普邦有机废物从焚烧到可持续管理。
IF 3.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-30 DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231219627
Amandeep Singh, Rupasi Tiwari, Pardeep Singh Nagra, Pratikshya Panda, Gurpreet Kour, Bilawal Singh, Pranav Kumar, Triveni Dutt

In winter season, the burning of crop residues for ease of sowing the next crop, along with industrial emissions and vehicular pollution leads to settling of a thick layer of smog in northern part of India. Therefore, to understand the opinion of farmers regarding sustainable management of organic waste, the present study was conducted in Ludhiana district of Indian state of Punjab. An ex post facto research design was used and a total of 800 dairy farmers having significant crop area were selected randomly for the study, grouped equally as small and large dairy farmers. Results revealed that majority of farmers had a highly favourable opinion regarding organic waste management due to the fact that they were aware of the ill-effects of undesirable practices like crop residue burning. Further, to predict the farmers' opinion and the effect of independent variables on farmers' opinion, a multi-layer perceptron feed-forward deep neural network was developed with mean squared error of 0.036 and 0.137 for validation and training data sets respectively, marking a novel approach of analysing farmers' behaviour. The neural network highlighted that with increase in the magnitude of input variables, namely, education, experience in dairying, information source utilisation, knowledge regarding organic waste management, etc., the farmers' opinion regarding sustainable waste management increases. The study concluded with the impression that cognitive processes like education, information and knowledge play a significant role in forming the opinion of the farmers. Therefore, efforts focusing on enhancing cognition should be made for sustainable management of organic waste.

在冬季,为了便于播种下一季作物而焚烧作物残留物,再加上工业排放和车辆污染,导致印度北部地区沉积了一层厚厚的烟雾。因此,为了了解农民对有机废物可持续管理的看法,本研究在印度旁遮普邦卢迪亚纳地区进行。本研究采用了事后研究设计,随机选取了 800 名拥有较大作物面积的奶农进行研究,并将他们平均分为小型奶农和大型奶农。研究结果表明,大多数奶农对有机废物管理持非常赞成的态度,因为他们意识到焚烧作物残留物等不良做法的不良影响。此外,为了预测农民的意见以及自变量对农民意见的影响,我们开发了一个多层感知器前馈深度神经网络,验证数据集和训练数据集的均方误差分别为 0.036 和 0.137,这标志着一种分析农民行为的新方法。该神经网络强调,随着输入变量(即教育程度、乳业经验、信息来源利用率、有机废物管理知识等)的增加,农民对可持续废物管理的看法也会增加。研究得出的结论是,教育、信息和知识等认知过程在形成农民观点方面发挥着重要作用。因此,在有机废物的可持续管理方面,应努力提高认知水平。
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Waste Management & Research
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