Water Resources and Industry最新文献_第7页

Effective boron recovery from real acidic stripping solution by chemical oxo-precipitation method 化学氧化沉淀法从酸性汽提液中有效回收硼

IF 4.5 3区工程技术 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources and Industry

Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2025.100286

Joanna Bok-Badura , Sylwia Bajkacz , Alicja Kazek-Kęsik , Krzysztof Karoń , Łukasz Kot , Agata Jakóbik-Kolon

The effluent generated during the desorption of boron from an ion exchange column is a major economic and environmental challenge of the ion exchange boron removal method. The chemical oxo-precipitation method (COP) is a rapid and efficient approach for boron removal from solutions of high concentration at room temperature. Therefore, this method was tested for boron removal using a real stripping solution obtained from boron desorption with hydrochloric acid after ion-exchange flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater treatment. The following parameters were studied: hydrogen peroxide and calcium ratio to boron, pH of the solution, order of unit actions, pretreatment with oxidant, and calcium compound influence. We found that the literature recommended pre-oxidation step was unnecessary, and our process was rapid and effective, providing 96.8 % of boron recovery after 5 min at room temperature using the following conditions: H₂O₂/B = 3:1, Ca/B = 2:1, pH = 10.5 set after addition of chemicals. Since boron removal depends on at least three parameters, our novel approach to obtain optimal conditions of boron removal involved the precipitation of perborates from real wastewater by applying the central composite design (CCD) as an experimental strategy. The optimum conditions determined from the CCD experiment were pH = 9, H₂O₂/B = 3.5, and Ca/B = 3.5, resulting in 94 % boron recovery (in real experiment). Our study proved that the COP method was suitable for boron recovery from real acidic stripping solution, making the ion-exchange method of boron removal fully complete, economical, and environmentally friendly.

离子交换柱解吸硼过程中产生的废水是离子交换除硼法在经济和环境方面面临的主要挑战。化学氧化沉淀法（COP）是一种在室温下快速、有效地去除高浓度硼的方法。因此，采用离子交换烟气脱硫（FGD）废水处理后用盐酸解吸硼得到的真实溶出液，对该方法进行了脱硼试验。考察了过氧化氢、钙与硼的比、溶液pH、单元作用顺序、氧化剂预处理、钙化合物的影响。结果表明，在H2O2/B = 3:1, Ca/B = 2:1, pH = 10.5 set的条件下，在室温下5 min，硼的回收率可达96.8%，无需采用文献推荐的预氧化步骤。由于硼的去除取决于至少三个参数，我们的新方法是通过应用中心复合设计（CCD）作为实验策略，从实际废水中沉淀过硼酸盐，从而获得最佳的硼去除条件。CCD实验确定的最佳工艺条件为pH = 9, H2O2/B = 3.5, Ca/B = 3.5，硼回收率为94%（实际实验）。本研究证明COP法适用于实际酸性汽提液中硼的回收，使离子交换法除硼完全、经济、环保。

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引用次数: 0

Removal of contaminants from liquid after the hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge using a combination of membrane techniques and struvite precipitation 利用膜技术和鸟粪石沉淀相结合的方法去除污水污泥水热碳化后液体中的污染物

IF 4.5 3区工程技术 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources and Industry

Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2025.100285

Klaudia Szkadłubowicz , Agnieszka Urbanowska , Maciej Śliz , Izabela Kalemba-Rec , Małgorzata Wilk

Post-processing liquid (HTCL), generated from the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sewage sludge, is a highly organic by-product and one of the primary challenges of this technology. To enable its sustainable treatment, a combination of membrane techniques and nutrient recovery via struvite precipitation was applied. Accordingly, the performance of HTCL as well as the liquid resulting from the struvite precipitation (HTCLS) has been investigated in conjunction with the use of ceramic and polymeric membranes. Three types of ceramic membranes and eleven polymeric membranes were tested in consideration of permeate properties and specific membrane characteristics. In addition, the influence of struvite precipitation on the properties of the membrane and resulting permeates were investigated.

Results

demonstrated that permeate properties vary significantly among membrane types. Generally, for HTCL, the NPO30P membrane provided the most effective filtration, achieving a reduction of 24.4 % in NH₄⁺ and 22 % in nitrogen compounds. In the case of HTCLS, the PES 5 kDa membrane resulted in the highest contaminant reduction, for example decreasing NH₄⁺ levels by 68.8 % and nitrogen compounds by 52 %. Permeate physical and chemical characteristics, such as pH, conductivity and COD, also differed significantly between HTCL and HTCSL processes. For instance, COD values for HTCL ranged from 27390 to 12100 mg/L, while for HTCSL permeates, it was 26480 to 11210 mg/L, indicating a lower level of organic contaminants following struvite precipitation. Membrane fouling occurred more rapidly during HTCL filtration compared to HTCSL, with an increase in membrane relative permeability of 9–74 % observed for HTCLS compared to HTCL.

污水污泥水热炭化（HTC）产生的后处理液（HTCL）是一种高度有机的副产物，也是该技术的主要挑战之一。为了使其可持续处理，采用膜技术和鸟粪石沉淀回收营养物相结合的方法。因此，结合陶瓷膜和聚合物膜的使用，研究了HTCL的性能以及鸟粪石沉淀产生的液体（HTCLS）。考察了3种陶瓷膜和11种聚合物膜的渗透性能和膜的特性。此外，还研究了鸟粪石沉淀对膜性能的影响以及所产生的渗透物。结果表明，不同膜类型的渗透性能差异显著。一般来说，对于HTCL， NPO30P膜提供了最有效的过滤，NH4+减少24.4%，氮化合物减少22%。在HTCLS的情况下，PES 5kda膜导致最高的污染物减少，例如NH4+水平降低了68.8%，氮化合物降低了52%。HTCL和HTCSL工艺的渗透物理化特性，如pH、电导率和COD也存在显著差异。例如，HTCL的COD值为27390 ~ 12100 mg/L，而HTCSL的渗透物COD值为26480 ~ 11210 mg/L，表明鸟粪石沉淀后的有机污染物水平较低。与HTCL相比，HTCL过滤过程中膜污染发生得更快，与HTCL相比，HTCL的膜相对渗透率增加了9 - 74%。

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引用次数: 0

Mapping sewage treatment plants for wastewater reclamation and reuse in industrial parks of Peninsular Malaysia: A path towards water security 绘制马来西亚半岛工业园区污水处理厂废水回收和再利用图：水安全之路

IF 4.5 3区工程技术 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources and Industry

Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2025.100284

Nur Hairunnisa Rafaai , Khai Ern Lee , Noor Zarina Mohd Nazir , Ainul Rasyidah Ab Rahim , Thian Lai Goh , Mazlin Mokhtar , Wan Abd Rahim Wan Abdullah , Huzaini Husain , Raja Baharudin Raja Mamat

The rapid industrialisation and urbanisation in recent decades have significantly increased global wastewater generation, particularly in industrial parks. Sewage treatment plants (STPs) near these parks are crucial for promoting sustainable practices. Instead of discharging treated wastewater, reclaiming and reusing it can minimise the water footprint. However, there has been insufficient evaluation of wastewater reclamation potential within existing STPs. This study integrates the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) with spatial analysis to assess the suitability of STPs for wastewater reclamation and reuse in Peninsular Malaysia's industrial parks. Factors considered include STP design capacity, wastewater quality, proximity to industries, non-domestic water tariffs and geographical features. AHP analysis assigned weights to these factors, achieving a consistency ratio of less than 0.10. The resulting suitability map categorises STPs into five levels, showing that 64 % of the land area and 40.5 % or 2922 of STPs have very low reclamation potential due to inadequate wastewater management infrastructure. In contrast, only 0.1 % of the land and 0.2 % or 17 of STPs out of approximately 7208 STPs exhibit high reclamation potential. A holistic approach is essential to evaluate multiple factors, enabling operators to identify suitable STPs for reclamation and ensuring regional water security.

近几十年来，快速的工业化和城市化大大增加了全球的废水产生量，尤其是在工业园区。这些园区附近的污水处理厂（STP）对于促进可持续发展至关重要。与其排放处理过的废水，回收和再利用废水可以最大限度地减少水足迹。然而，对现有污水处理厂的废水回收利用潜力评估不足。本研究将层次分析法（AHP）与空间分析相结合，以评估马来西亚半岛工业园区的污水处理厂是否适合进行废水回收和再利用。考虑的因素包括污水处理厂的设计能力、废水水质、与工业的距离、非生活用水水价和地理特征。AHP 分析法为这些因素分配了权重，使一致性比率小于 0.10。由此绘制的适宜性地图将污水处理厂分为五个等级，显示 64% 的土地面积和 40.5% 的污水处理厂（即 2922 个污水处理厂）由于废水管理基础设施不足，填海潜力非常低。相比之下，在约 7208 个污水处理厂中，只有 0.1% 的土地和 0.2% 的污水处理厂（即 17 个）具有较高的填海潜力。因此，必须采用综合方法对多种因素进行评估，使运营商能够确定合适的污水处理厂进行填海，确保区域用水安全。

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引用次数: 0

Monitoring pharmaceuticals and personal care products to assess water quality changes and pollution sources in a drinking water reservoir catchment 监测药品和个人护理产品，以评估饮用水水库集水区的水质变化和污染源

IF 4.5 3区工程技术 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources and Industry

Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2025.100283

Kinga Ślósarczyk , Filip Wolny , Andrzej J. Witkowski

This research aimed to identify sources of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the Kozłowa Góra catchment, southern Poland, and assess their temporal and spatial variability. PPCP monitoring was conducted from 2020 to 2022. Samples were taken from the Brynica River and other streams. Groundwater and the effluent from the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) were also sampled. The monitoring screened 109 PPCPs using the LC-MS/MS method. N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), metformin, 1-H-benzotriazole, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), carbamazepine, and 4(5)-methyl-1-H-benzotriazole were the most frequently detected substances. The highest total PPCP concentrations in surface waters reached 30790 ng/L, with up to 53 compounds detected at one point. Results indicated temporal and spatial variability, with higher concentrations and more PPCPs during winter periods and increased contamination downstream from the WWTP. DEET was the only contaminant consistently found in the shallow aquifer discharged into the Brynica, however groundwater impact on the river's water quality is negligible. The study confirmed the WWTP as the primary source of PPCPs, with the number of detected substances in effluent samples amounting to 65 and their total concentrations reaching 148265 ng/L. Additional sources included the airport, uncontrolled/illegal domestic sewage discharges, and human activities in forested areas. This study was the first in Poland to implement a PPCP monitoring approach in a drinking water reservoir catchment area using multiple monitoring points and sampling campaigns. The results revealed the constant presence of PPCPs in a moderately urbanised catchment area, highlighting the importance of regular monitoring to understand PPCP migration in the environment.

本研究旨在确定波兰南部Kozłowa Góra流域药品和个人护理产品（PPCPs）的来源，并评估其时空变异性。PPCP监测于2020 - 2022年进行。样本取自布里尼察河和其他溪流。地下水和污水处理厂的出水也进行了采样。采用LC-MS/MS法筛选出109个PPCPs。N，N-二乙基-间甲苯酰胺（DEET）、二甲双胍、1- h -苯并三唑、全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）、卡马西平和4(5)-甲基-1- h -苯并三唑是最常检测到的物质。地表水中PPCP总浓度最高达到30790 ng/L，一次检测到多达53种化合物。结果表明，PPCPs在冬季浓度较高、含量较高，污水处理厂下游污染增加。避蚊胺是唯一一种在排放到布里尼察河的浅层含水层中一直被发现的污染物，然而地下水对河水质量的影响可以忽略不计。研究证实，污水处理厂是ppcp的主要来源，出水样本中检测到的物质数量达65种，总浓度达到148265纳克/升。其他来源包括机场、不受控制/非法的家庭污水排放和森林地区的人类活动。这项研究是波兰首次在饮用水水库集水区使用多个监测点和抽样活动实施PPCP监测方法。结果显示，PPCP在中等城市化的集水区持续存在，强调了定期监测PPCP在环境中的迁移的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Small hydropower impacts on water quality: A comparative analysis of different assessment methods 小水电对水质的影响：不同评价方法的比较分析

IF 4.5 3区工程技术 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources and Industry

Pub Date : 2025-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2025.100282

Paweł Tomczyk , Michał Tymcio , Alban Kuriqi , José Maria Santos , Mirosław Wiatkowski

This study aims to evaluate the spatial and temporal variations of physico-chemical parameters at selected small run-of-river hydropower plants along a 126 km section of the Bóbr River in southwestern Poland. The main contribution of this study lies in comparing different water quality classification methods from different regions worldwide. Our results show that the spatio-temporal changes in physico-chemical parameters in the studied section of the Bóbr River are, to a larger extent, due to anthropogenic pressures (i.e., urbanization and agriculture) unrelated to the operation of hydropower plants. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed the statistical significance (p < 0.05) of the results for 8 (i.e., EC, temperature, pH, DO, NO₂-N, TDS, NH₄-N, and COD) out of 16 physicochemical parameters. Hierarchical cluster analysis also showed a greater influence of factors other than hydropower plants on water quality. The average compliance with the standards based on the selected water quality classifications was 76.9%. The Polish classification proved to be the most appropriate classification for assessing the status of physico-chemical elements of the Bóbr River. The findings from this study can be used for various applications, e.g., formulating strategies for sustainable water management in hydropower plant catchment areas, planning new hydropower plants, and developing operating regulations for existing plants.

本研究旨在评估波兰西南部Bóbr河126公里河段上选定的小型河流水电站的物理化学参数的时空变化。本研究的主要贡献在于比较了世界不同地区不同的水质分类方法。研究结果表明，Bóbr河研究断面物化参数的时空变化在很大程度上受与水电站运行无关的人为压力（即城市化和农业）的影响。方差分析（ANOVA）证实了统计学显著性(p <；在16项理化参数中，EC、温度、pH、DO、NO2-N、TDS、NH4-N、COD等8项的结果均为0.05)。层次聚类分析也显示水电站以外的因素对水质的影响较大。所选水质等级的平均合格率为76.9%。波兰的分类被证明是评估Bóbr河的物理化学元素状况的最适当的分类。本研究的结果可用于各种应用，例如，制定水力发电厂集水区可持续水管理战略，规划新的水力发电厂，以及为现有发电厂制定操作规则。

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引用次数: 0

Bio-waste to environmental purifier: Application of potato peel for acid red 73 adsorption from leather dyeing effluent 生物废弃物在环境净化器中的应用：马铃薯皮对皮革印染废水中酸性红73的吸附

IF 4.5 3区工程技术 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources and Industry

Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2025.100281

Fatema-Tuj Zohra , Sobur Ahmed , Md Zahangir Alam , Md Nurnabi , Nazia Rahman

Potato peel powder (PP) was prepared from kitchen wastes and explored in removal of Acid Red 73 (AR 73) dye from leather dyeing effluent. PP was characterized through FTIR, BET, SEM, XRD and EDX analysis. SEM micrographs illustrated rough and porous structure of PP that support the adsorption process. FTIR spectrum exhibited the changes caused by formation of hydrogen bonding, complex bonding, or other electrostatic interaction after dye adsorption. Wide and frail peaks in the XRD image indicated existence of amorphous carbon. BET analysis exhibited mesoporous structure of PP with average pore diameter of 85.98 Å. The impact of various influences viz. pH, dosages, concentration, time and temperature were explored through batch investigation. The maximum AR73 dye adsorption capacity of PP was 258.39 mg/g. The dye adsorption on PP complied both the Langmuir (R² = 0.989) and Freundlich (R² = 0.993) isotherm, preferably Freundlich model. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R² = 0.999) was fitted better, i.e. chemisorption. The equilibrium adsorption capacity was 135.34 ± 1.59 mg/g at 298 K, which was decreased to 125.34 ± 1.81, 114.27 ± 1.43, and 104.08 ± 1.53 mg/g at 308, 318 and 328 K, respectively. Negative Gibbs free energy (ΔG) revealed that adsorption of AR 73 dye on PP was spontaneous. In real sample analysis, about 98.17 ± 0.58 % dye removal was obtained with 137.39 ± 2.46 mg/g capacity. This research revealed that PP has a good prospect for the application of AR 73 dye removal from leather dyeing effluent.

以厨余垃圾为原料制备马铃薯皮粉（PP），对皮革印染废水中酸性红73 （AR 73）染料的脱除进行了研究。通过FTIR、BET、SEM、XRD和EDX对PP进行了表征。SEM显微图显示了支持吸附过程的PP的粗糙和多孔结构。FTIR光谱显示了染料吸附后形成氢键、络合键或其他静电相互作用所引起的变化。XRD图像中的宽峰和弱峰表明无定形碳的存在。BET分析显示聚丙烯具有介孔结构，平均孔径为85.98 Å。通过批量考察，探讨了pH、投加量、浓度、时间、温度等因素对制备效果的影响。聚丙烯对AR73染料的最大吸附量为258.39 mg/g。聚丙烯对染料的吸附符合Langmuir （R2 = 0.989）和Freundlich （R2 = 0.993）等温线，以Freundlich模型为佳。拟合的二级动力学模型（R2 = 0.999）为化学吸附模型。298 K时的平衡吸附容量为135.34±1.59 mg/g， 308、318和328 K时分别降至125.34±1.81、114.27±1.43和104.08±1.53 mg/g。负吉布斯自由能（ΔG）表明，ar73染料在PP上的吸附是自发的。在实际样品分析中，去除率约为98.17±0.58%，容量为137.39±2.46 mg/g。研究表明，聚丙烯在皮革印染废水中脱除ar73染料具有良好的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of changes occurring in biochar/zeolite substrates used in the vegetation-activated sludge process in the treatment of leachate from landfills 评估植物活性污泥法处理垃圾填埋场渗滤液过程中使用的生物炭/沸石基质的变化

IF 4.5 3区工程技术 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources and Industry

Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2025.100280

Aleksandra Wdowczyk , Agata Szymańska-Pulikowska , Jacek Chęcmanowski , Krzysztof Kierzek , Paweł Wiercik

Leachate management remains one of the key technological challenges in landfill operations. There is a growing need for methods that can effectively treat leachate directly at its source. One promising approach is the vegetation-activated sludge process (V-ASP), which integrates constructed wetlands with conventional activated sludge treatment. Given the limited research on V-ASP systems, this study explored the potential of low-cost adsorbent materials—zeolite and sunflower husk biochar—to enhance leachate treatment. The absorption properties of these materials in various V-ASP configurations were analysed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to better understand the mechanisms involved in pollutant removal. For most of the parameters analysed (Chemical Oxygen Demand, total nitrogen, organic nitrogen, total phosphorus, nitrites, sulfates, chlorides, Zn, Cu, Ni), the best reductions were achieved with zeolite substrates at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 14 days. Ammonium nitrogen removal was highly efficient, maintaining rates between 99 % and 99.8 % throughout the entire experimental period. Total nitrogen removal varied, with a minimum reduction of 13.1 % and a maximum of over 74 %. FTIR spectra confirmed alterations in the functional groups and surface characteristics of zeolite and biochar, evidenced by shifts in the bands of functional groups due to absorption. These findings could help improve leachate management strategies and aid in designing treatment systems that can be deployed directly at landfill sites.

渗滤液管理仍然是垃圾填埋场运营中的关键技术挑战之一。人们越来越需要能够直接从渗滤液的源头有效处理渗滤液的方法。一种很有前途的方法是植被-活性污泥法（V-ASP），它将人工湿地与传统的活性污泥处理相结合。鉴于V-ASP系统的研究有限，本研究探索了低成本吸附材料——沸石和葵花籽壳生物炭的潜力，以加强渗滤液的处理。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析了这些材料在不同V-ASP构型下的吸收特性，以更好地了解污染物去除的机制。对于大多数分析参数（化学需氧量、总氮、有机氮、总磷、亚硝酸盐、硫酸盐、氯化物、Zn、Cu、Ni），沸石基质在水力停留时间（HRT）为14天时达到最佳还原效果。铵态氮的去除率很高，在整个试验期间保持在99% ~ 99.8%之间。总氮去除率各不相同，最小减少13.1%，最大减少74%以上。FTIR光谱证实了沸石和生物炭的官能团和表面特征的变化，这是由于吸收引起的官能团带的变化所证明的。这些发现有助于改善渗滤液管理策略，并有助于设计可直接部署在垃圾填埋场的处理系统。

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引用次数: 0

Arsenic leakage crisis in supply chain of battery storage materials: Water quality footprint of cobalt mining demands action 电池储能材料供应链中的砷泄漏危机：钴矿的水质足迹需要行动

IF 4.5 3区工程技术 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources and Industry

Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2025.100277

Anna C. Schomberg , Wolf von Tümpling , Ellen Kynast

Uncontrolled mine site leakage poses massive indirect environmental pollution, particularly when harmful substances, like arsenic, infiltrate water bodies, affecting humans. Arsenic contamination, recognized as a severe environmental catastrophe, exemplifies the water quality footprint from a Moroccan cobalt mine supplying electric car construction. Applying the water quality footprint method, we determined that 30–615 m³ of virtual dilution water per electric car would be needed to reduce arsenic pollution below natural background levels in a scenario that assumes that 49 % of the cobalt from the respective mine enters the production of battery materials aligning with recent global cobalt demand and use figures. In such a scenario, this single mine's water quality footprint would constitute up to 0.15 % of Morocco's annual water availability, concerning all electric cars produced annually with cobalt from this mine, and would take up half the annual capacity of one seawater desalination plant. While the databasis ouf our analysis is limited and uncertainties are high, our findings underscore the need to avoid problem shifting so that climate-friendly technologies can develop their potential, prompt reflection on due diligence in supply chains under German and upcoming European legislation and highlight the shared responsibility of industry, society and politics.

矿山泄漏不加控制，对环境造成巨大的间接污染，特别是砷等有害物质渗入水体，对人体产生影响。砷污染被认为是一场严重的环境灾难，这是摩洛哥一家供应电动汽车制造的钴矿的水质足迹的例证。应用水质足迹法，我们确定，在假设各自矿山49%的钴进入电池材料生产的情况下，每辆电动汽车需要30-615立方米的虚拟稀释水，才能将砷污染降至自然背景水平以下，与最近的全球钴需求和使用数字保持一致。在这种情况下，就每年用该矿出产的钴生产的所有电动汽车而言，该矿的水质足迹将占摩洛哥年可用水量的0.15%，并将占一个海水淡化厂年生产能力的一半。虽然我们分析的数据库有限，不确定性很高，但我们的研究结果强调了避免问题转移的必要性，以便气候友好型技术能够发挥其潜力，促使人们根据德国和即将出台的欧洲立法对供应链的尽职调查进行反思，并强调了行业、社会和政治的共同责任。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing water dependencies and risks in Dutch industries: Distribution, consumption and future challenges 评估荷兰工业对水的依赖和风险：分配、消费和未来挑战

IF 4.5 3区工程技术 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources and Industry

Pub Date : 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2025.100279

C.J. Teo , J. Poinapen , J.A.M.H. Hofman , T. Wintgens

This research examined the water dependencies and associated risks in Dutch industries by focusing on three main aspects: the geographical distribution of industrial clusters relative to water sources, water consumption and its economic value across different sectors, and future water stress scenarios with their regional implications. The study uncovered a complex relationship between industrial facility location and water use. It revealed a strong correlation between facilities and nearby water sources, with a tendency for industries to cluster around water sources, peaking at a proximity of about 0–5 km for both surface water and groundwater sources. However, it also pointed out that this relationship is influenced by several other factors including water quality, extraction rights, historical development, and competition for water resources. Additionally, the analysis underlined the importance of considering both water consumption and proximity to water sources to accurately assess dependency. It advocated a more sophisticated approach that moves beyond mere water usage per unit of output to encompass the production complexities that significantly affect water dependency in particular industries. The future projection showed baseline water stress impacts the security of water supply of industries at different magnitude. Particularly, North Brabant and Limburg stood out as particularly vulnerable. These regions hold a significant portion of the studied industrial facilities (21.7 %) and dominate the nation's mineral industry (75 %). The study acknowledged the drawbacks of depending solely on average sectoral data and stresses the urgency for proactive water management strategies. These insights laid a solid groundwork for further research and the implementation of targeted water conservation and sustainable production measures within the Dutch manufacturing sector and beyond as water management issues have global relevance. This study suggested areas for further exploration such as exploring different circular water strategies, industrial symbiosis, leveraging digital technology for optimising water management, and utilising alternative water sources.

本研究通过三个主要方面考察了荷兰工业对水的依赖和相关风险：相对于水源的产业集群的地理分布，不同部门的用水量及其经济价值，以及未来水资源压力情景及其区域影响。这项研究揭示了工业设施位置和用水之间的复杂关系。研究表明，设施与附近水源之间存在很强的相关性，工业倾向于在水源周围聚集，地表水和地下水水源在大约0-5公里附近达到峰值。然而，该报告也指出，这种关系受到其他几个因素的影响，包括水质、开采权、历史发展和对水资源的竞争。此外，分析强调了同时考虑用水量和靠近水源的重要性，以便准确评估依赖性。它提倡一种更复杂的方法，超越仅仅是每单位产出的用水量，而包括对特定工业的用水依赖有重大影响的生产复杂性。未来预测显示，基线水资源压力对工业供水安全的影响程度不同。北布拉班特和林堡尤其脆弱。这些地区拥有所研究的工业设施的很大一部分（21.7%），并主导着全国的矿产工业（75%）。该研究承认了仅仅依赖平均部门数据的缺点，并强调了积极主动的水资源管理战略的紧迫性。这些见解为荷兰制造业的进一步研究和实施有针对性的节水和可持续生产措施奠定了坚实的基础，因为水管理问题具有全球相关性。该研究提出了进一步探索的领域，如探索不同的循环水战略，工业共生，利用数字技术优化水管理，以及利用替代水源。

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引用次数: 0

Application of response surface methodology in optimizing MOF5@Fe3O4 catalyst for activating peroxymonosulfate in the degradation of reactive black 5 dye 响应面法在优化MOF5@Fe3O4活化过氧单硫酸盐催化剂降解活性黑5染料中的应用

IF 4.5 3区工程技术 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources and Industry

Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2025.100278

Nezamaddin Mengelizadeh , Najmeh Ahmadi , Davoud Balarak

Magnetic nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄) were loaded onto metal-organic framework (MOF-5) as an activator for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) in the decomposition of the dye reactive black 5 (RB5). Modeling and optimization of operational parameters were performed using response surface methodology coupled with central composite design (RSM-CCD). The maximum removal efficiency of RB5 was predicted under laboratory conditions, including pH of 11, catalyst dosage of 1 g/L, RB5 concentration of 10 mg/L, temperature of 50 °C, and reaction time of 60 min. High values of confidence coefficient (R²) and F-value indicated that the present model could explain most of the data and could also be used to predict efficiency within a design space. Also, the adsorption capacity was equal to 99.2 mg/g. The efficiency of the MOF-5@Fe₃O₄/PMS system in removing RB5 was higher than that of standalone systems such as adsorption and PMS. Stability tests revealed that the synthesized catalyst could be reused for six consecutive reaction cycles with a negligible decline in dye removal efficiency (<4.3 %) and total organic carbon (TOC) removal (<5.50 %). Trapping experiments using ethanol and tert-butyl alcohol scavengers confirmed the presence of sulfate (SO₄^•-) and hydroxyl (^•OH) radicals in dye decomposition. The removal efficiency of COD and the BOD₅/COD ratio improved with increasing catalytic time, reaching 87.93 % and 0.84, respectively, at 120 min. The LC₅₀ value of untreated and treated RB5 solutions was examined using Daphnia magna, and findings showed an increase in the LC₅₀ value of the treated solution.

将磁性纳米颗粒（Fe3O4）负载在金属有机骨架（MOF-5）上，作为过氧单硫酸盐（PMS）分解染料活性黑5 （RB5）的活化剂。采用响应面法结合中心复合设计（RSM-CCD）对实验参数进行建模和优化。在实验室条件下，包括pH为11、催化剂用量为1 g/L、RB5浓度为10 mg/L、温度为50℃、反应时间为60 min，预测了RB5的最大去除率。较高的置信系数（R2）和f值表明，该模型可以解释大部分数据，也可用于在设计空间内预测效率。吸附量为99.2 mg/g。MOF-5@Fe3O4/PMS体系去除RB5的效率高于吸附和PMS等独立体系。稳定性测试表明，合成的催化剂可以重复使用6个连续的反应周期，染料去除率（4.3%）和总有机碳（TOC）去除率（5.50%）的下降可以忽略不计。利用乙醇和叔丁醇清除剂进行的捕集实验证实，在染料分解过程中存在硫酸盐（SO4•-）和羟基（•OH）自由基。随着催化时间的增加，对COD的去除率和BOD5/COD的去除率均有所提高，在120 min时分别达到87.93%和0.84。采用大水蚤对处理后的RB5溶液的LC50值进行了测定，结果表明处理后的RB5溶液的LC50值有所增加。

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引用次数: 0