This study evaluates the performance of aminated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (AM-MWCNTs) integrated with zerovalent iron nanoparticles (ZVI) synthesized using cashew leaf (Anacardium occidentale) extract (AM-MWCNTs@ZVI) for the removal of Congo Red (CR) and Methylene Blue (MB) dyes from textile industrial wastewater. The nanocomposite was characterized using FTIR, XRD, BET, HRSEM, and HRTEM analyses, confirming its functional groups, crystalline structure, and enhanced surface area of 1050.4 m2/g. The ecological risk degree of the textile pollutants was assessed to determine the percentage concentrations of crystal violet, Congo red, methyl orange, methylene blue and rhodamine B. Batch adsorption experiments identified optimal parameters as pH 4 for CR and pH 8 for MB, contact time of 60 min, adsorbent dosage of 40 mg/L, and temperature of 40 °C. The Temkin isotherm model best described the adsorption process. Particularly, the maximum adsorption capacities of 450 mg/g and 422 mg/g were evaluated for CR and MB, respectively. Pseudo-second-order kinetics indicated chemisorption as the dominant mechanism. The nanocomposite demonstrated reusability with 88 % and 85 % removal efficiency for CR and MB, respectively, after six cycles. These results highlight AM-MWCNTs@ZVI as an effective, recyclable adsorbent for industrial wastewater treatment.
{"title":"Performance evaluation of aminated multi-walled carbon nanotubes incorporated with green synthesized iron nanoparticles for toxic dyes sequestration from textile wastewater","authors":"Titus Chinedu Egbosiuba , Cynthia Chukwuemeka , Jonah Chukwudi Umeuzuegbu , Nwanneka Chibuzo Mmonwuba , Ugochukwu Ewuzie , Monday Uchenna Okoronkwo , Valentine Chikaodili Anadebe , Saheed Mustapha , Ambali Saka Abdulkareem , Jimoh Oladejo Tijani , Ashish Patel , Virendra Kumar Yadav","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the performance of aminated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (AM-MWCNTs) integrated with zerovalent iron nanoparticles (ZVI) synthesized using cashew leaf (<em>Anacardium occidentale</em>) extract (AM-MWCNTs@ZVI) for the removal of Congo Red (CR) and Methylene Blue (MB) dyes from textile industrial wastewater. The nanocomposite was characterized using FTIR, XRD, BET, HRSEM, and HRTEM analyses, confirming its functional groups, crystalline structure, and enhanced surface area of 1050.4 m<sup>2</sup>/g. The ecological risk degree of the textile pollutants was assessed to determine the percentage concentrations of crystal violet, Congo red, methyl orange, methylene blue and rhodamine B. Batch adsorption experiments identified optimal parameters as pH 4 for CR and pH 8 for MB, contact time of 60 min, adsorbent dosage of 40 mg/L, and temperature of 40 °C. The Temkin isotherm model best described the adsorption process. Particularly, the maximum adsorption capacities of 450 mg/g and 422 mg/g were evaluated for CR and MB, respectively. Pseudo-second-order kinetics indicated chemisorption as the dominant mechanism. The nanocomposite demonstrated reusability with 88 % and 85 % removal efficiency for CR and MB, respectively, after six cycles. These results highlight AM-MWCNTs@ZVI as an effective, recyclable adsorbent for industrial wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100291"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143923798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2024-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2024.100275
Dariusz Ignacy
This paper describes a case study of a highly urbanized artificially-drained mine subsidence area massively impacted by mining. Within this area, the surface has subsided over 40 m and the area threatened by flooding is 18 times larger than the observable inundation today. This surface relief disturbance and hydrological hazard is shown using the author's innovative concepts in the form of relative elevation models and four hydrological hazard frameworks. This paper contains analyses supporting the main thesis that in highly transformed and artificially-drained mining and post-mining areas, the hydrological hazard should be classified as a significant environmental aspect requiring systemic management. It outlines in detail the above premise by describing the inter-related mining and non-mining processes causing changes to the hydrological hazard leading to the subsequent complexity of mitigation measures. The introduction of relative elevation models and newly-defined hydrological hazard frameworks are projected onto a site-specific hydromorphologic map. This map forms the hydrological basis for identifying and dimensioning existing flood-related geohazards. The innovative contribution is the ability to incorporate time-related data to assess past and future hydrological hazards. This knowledge makes it possible to simplify flood-related geohazard mitigation. Additionally, it affords policy-makers a range of options regarding future spatial planning to optimize land-use according to societal will. To date, environmental management systems do not sufficiently take into account the mining-induced hydrological hazard in mine subsidence areas. The main goal of this paper is to show that the existing gap in management capability of the hydrological hazard and flood-related geohazards and risks can be resolved by the author's novel site-specific decision support tools.
{"title":"The hydrological hazard in artificially-drained mining and post-mining areas–A significant environmental aspect requiring systemic management","authors":"Dariusz Ignacy","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2024.100275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2024.100275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper describes a case study of a highly urbanized artificially-drained mine subsidence area massively impacted by mining. Within this area, the surface has subsided over 40 m and the area threatened by flooding is 18 times larger than the observable inundation today. This surface relief disturbance and hydrological hazard is shown using the author's innovative concepts in the form of relative elevation models and four hydrological hazard frameworks. This paper contains analyses supporting the main thesis that in highly transformed and artificially-drained mining and post-mining areas, the hydrological hazard should be classified as a significant environmental aspect requiring systemic management. It outlines in detail the above premise by describing the inter-related mining and non-mining processes causing changes to the hydrological hazard leading to the subsequent complexity of mitigation measures. The introduction of relative elevation models and newly-defined hydrological hazard frameworks are projected onto a site-specific hydromorphologic map. This map forms the hydrological basis for identifying and dimensioning existing flood-related geohazards. The innovative contribution is the ability to incorporate time-related data to assess past and future hydrological hazards. This knowledge makes it possible to simplify flood-related geohazard mitigation. Additionally, it affords policy-makers a range of options regarding future spatial planning to optimize land-use according to societal will. To date, environmental management systems do not sufficiently take into account the mining-induced hydrological hazard in mine subsidence areas. The main goal of this paper is to show that the existing gap in management capability of the hydrological hazard and flood-related geohazards and risks can be resolved by the author's novel site-specific decision support tools.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100275"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-02-17DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2025.100283
Kinga Ślósarczyk , Filip Wolny , Andrzej J. Witkowski
This research aimed to identify sources of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the Kozłowa Góra catchment, southern Poland, and assess their temporal and spatial variability. PPCP monitoring was conducted from 2020 to 2022. Samples were taken from the Brynica River and other streams. Groundwater and the effluent from the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) were also sampled. The monitoring screened 109 PPCPs using the LC-MS/MS method. N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), metformin, 1-H-benzotriazole, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), carbamazepine, and 4(5)-methyl-1-H-benzotriazole were the most frequently detected substances. The highest total PPCP concentrations in surface waters reached 30790 ng/L, with up to 53 compounds detected at one point. Results indicated temporal and spatial variability, with higher concentrations and more PPCPs during winter periods and increased contamination downstream from the WWTP. DEET was the only contaminant consistently found in the shallow aquifer discharged into the Brynica, however groundwater impact on the river's water quality is negligible. The study confirmed the WWTP as the primary source of PPCPs, with the number of detected substances in effluent samples amounting to 65 and their total concentrations reaching 148265 ng/L. Additional sources included the airport, uncontrolled/illegal domestic sewage discharges, and human activities in forested areas. This study was the first in Poland to implement a PPCP monitoring approach in a drinking water reservoir catchment area using multiple monitoring points and sampling campaigns. The results revealed the constant presence of PPCPs in a moderately urbanised catchment area, highlighting the importance of regular monitoring to understand PPCP migration in the environment.
本研究旨在确定波兰南部Kozłowa Góra流域药品和个人护理产品（PPCPs）的来源，并评估其时空变异性。PPCP监测于2020 - 2022年进行。样本取自布里尼察河和其他溪流。地下水和污水处理厂的出水也进行了采样。采用LC-MS/MS法筛选出109个PPCPs。N，N-二乙基-间甲苯酰胺（DEET）、二甲双胍、1- h -苯并三唑、全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）、卡马西平和4(5)-甲基-1- h -苯并三唑是最常检测到的物质。地表水中PPCP总浓度最高达到30790 ng/L，一次检测到多达53种化合物。结果表明，PPCPs在冬季浓度较高、含量较高，污水处理厂下游污染增加。避蚊胺是唯一一种在排放到布里尼察河的浅层含水层中一直被发现的污染物，然而地下水对河水质量的影响可以忽略不计。研究证实，污水处理厂是ppcp的主要来源，出水样本中检测到的物质数量达65种，总浓度达到148265纳克/升。其他来源包括机场、不受控制/非法的家庭污水排放和森林地区的人类活动。这项研究是波兰首次在饮用水水库集水区使用多个监测点和抽样活动实施PPCP监测方法。结果显示，PPCP在中等城市化的集水区持续存在，强调了定期监测PPCP在环境中的迁移的重要性。
{"title":"Monitoring pharmaceuticals and personal care products to assess water quality changes and pollution sources in a drinking water reservoir catchment","authors":"Kinga Ślósarczyk , Filip Wolny , Andrzej J. Witkowski","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research aimed to identify sources of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the Kozłowa Góra catchment, southern Poland, and assess their temporal and spatial variability. PPCP monitoring was conducted from 2020 to 2022. Samples were taken from the Brynica River and other streams. Groundwater and the effluent from the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) were also sampled. The monitoring screened 109 PPCPs using the LC-MS/MS method. N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), metformin, 1-H-benzotriazole, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), carbamazepine, and 4(5)-methyl-1-H-benzotriazole were the most frequently detected substances. The highest total PPCP concentrations in surface waters reached 30790 ng/L, with up to 53 compounds detected at one point. Results indicated temporal and spatial variability, with higher concentrations and more PPCPs during winter periods and increased contamination downstream from the WWTP. DEET was the only contaminant consistently found in the shallow aquifer discharged into the Brynica, however groundwater impact on the river's water quality is negligible. The study confirmed the WWTP as the primary source of PPCPs, with the number of detected substances in effluent samples amounting to 65 and their total concentrations reaching 148265 ng/L. Additional sources included the airport, uncontrolled/illegal domestic sewage discharges, and human activities in forested areas. This study was the first in Poland to implement a PPCP monitoring approach in a drinking water reservoir catchment area using multiple monitoring points and sampling campaigns. The results revealed the constant presence of PPCPs in a moderately urbanised catchment area, highlighting the importance of regular monitoring to understand PPCP migration in the environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100283"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2024-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2024.100274
Adeyinka S. Yusuff , Lukman S. Mustapha , Khairia M. Al-Ahmary , Elham A. Alzahrani , Jamelah S. Al-Otaibi , Mazen R. Alrahili
A novel Si-N@EBC/3TiZn composite was developed, analyzed and utilized as a photocatalyst for methylene blue (MB) degradation. The Si-N@EBC/3TiZn at various compositions of Si-N@EBC was investigated and exhibited excellent photoactivity for degradation reaction when the Si-N@EBC composition in the photocatalyst was 30%. Textural analysis showed that 30%Si–N@EBC/3TiZn was a mesoporous material with 80.3 m2/g specific surface area and 19.3 nm pore diameter, while optical analysis showed a remarkable reduction in the band gap of the sample, making it a solar light responsive photocatalyst. The percent MB removal from the photodegradation process was 98.61 0.21% at optimal initial MB concentration of 24.7 mg/L, pH of 9.84, 30%Si–N@EBC/3TiZn dosage of 1.16 g/L and irradiation period of 51.7 min. The pseudo-first-order L-H model provided a good fit to the MB photocatalytic degradation data with high values. 30%Si–N@EBC/3TiZn was recycled eight times, with 90.78% degradation occurring at the 8th run.
{"title":"Si-N doped eucalyptus biochar supported TiO2-ZnO (Si-N@EBC/3TiZn) as novel solar light responsive photocatalyst for enhanced degradation of cationic dye in aqueous solution","authors":"Adeyinka S. Yusuff , Lukman S. Mustapha , Khairia M. Al-Ahmary , Elham A. Alzahrani , Jamelah S. Al-Otaibi , Mazen R. Alrahili","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2024.100274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2024.100274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel Si-N@EBC/3TiZn composite was developed, analyzed and utilized as a photocatalyst for methylene blue (MB) degradation. The Si-N@EBC/3TiZn at various compositions of Si-N@EBC was investigated and exhibited excellent photoactivity for degradation reaction when the Si-N@EBC composition in the photocatalyst was 30%. Textural analysis showed that 30%Si–N@EBC/3TiZn was a mesoporous material with 80.3 m<sup>2</sup>/g specific surface area and 19.3 nm pore diameter, while optical analysis showed a remarkable reduction in the band gap of the sample, making it a solar light responsive photocatalyst. The percent MB removal from the photodegradation process was 98.61 <span><math><mrow><mo>±</mo></mrow></math></span> 0.21% at optimal initial MB concentration of 24.7 mg/L, pH of 9.84, 30%Si–N@EBC/3TiZn dosage of 1.16 g/L and irradiation period of 51.7 min. The pseudo-first-order L-H model provided a good fit to the MB photocatalytic degradation data with high <span><math><mrow><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></math></span> values. 30%Si–N@EBC/3TiZn was recycled eight times, with 90.78% degradation occurring at the 8th run.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100274"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143160689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2025.100286
Joanna Bok-Badura , Sylwia Bajkacz , Alicja Kazek-Kęsik , Krzysztof Karoń , Łukasz Kot , Agata Jakóbik-Kolon
The effluent generated during the desorption of boron from an ion exchange column is a major economic and environmental challenge of the ion exchange boron removal method. The chemical oxo-precipitation method (COP) is a rapid and efficient approach for boron removal from solutions of high concentration at room temperature. Therefore, this method was tested for boron removal using a real stripping solution obtained from boron desorption with hydrochloric acid after ion-exchange flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater treatment. The following parameters were studied: hydrogen peroxide and calcium ratio to boron, pH of the solution, order of unit actions, pretreatment with oxidant, and calcium compound influence. We found that the literature recommended pre-oxidation step was unnecessary, and our process was rapid and effective, providing 96.8 % of boron recovery after 5 min at room temperature using the following conditions: H2O2/B = 3:1, Ca/B = 2:1, pH = 10.5 set after addition of chemicals. Since boron removal depends on at least three parameters, our novel approach to obtain optimal conditions of boron removal involved the precipitation of perborates from real wastewater by applying the central composite design (CCD) as an experimental strategy. The optimum conditions determined from the CCD experiment were pH = 9, H2O2/B = 3.5, and Ca/B = 3.5, resulting in 94 % boron recovery (in real experiment). Our study proved that the COP method was suitable for boron recovery from real acidic stripping solution, making the ion-exchange method of boron removal fully complete, economical, and environmentally friendly.
{"title":"Effective boron recovery from real acidic stripping solution by chemical oxo-precipitation method","authors":"Joanna Bok-Badura , Sylwia Bajkacz , Alicja Kazek-Kęsik , Krzysztof Karoń , Łukasz Kot , Agata Jakóbik-Kolon","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effluent generated during the desorption of boron from an ion exchange column is a major economic and environmental challenge of the ion exchange boron removal method. The chemical oxo-precipitation method (COP) is a rapid and efficient approach for boron removal from solutions of high concentration at room temperature. Therefore, this method was tested for boron removal using a real stripping solution obtained from boron desorption with hydrochloric acid after ion-exchange flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater treatment. The following parameters were studied: hydrogen peroxide and calcium ratio to boron, pH of the solution, order of unit actions, pretreatment with oxidant, and calcium compound influence. We found that the literature recommended pre-oxidation step was unnecessary, and our process was rapid and effective, providing 96.8 % of boron recovery after 5 min at room temperature using the following conditions: H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/B = 3:1, Ca/B = 2:1, pH = 10.5 set after addition of chemicals. Since boron removal depends on at least three parameters, our novel approach to obtain optimal conditions of boron removal involved the precipitation of perborates from real wastewater by applying the central composite design (CCD) as an experimental strategy. The optimum conditions determined from the CCD experiment were pH = 9, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/B = 3.5, and Ca/B = 3.5, resulting in 94 % boron recovery (in real experiment). Our study proved that the COP method was suitable for boron recovery from real acidic stripping solution, making the ion-exchange method of boron removal fully complete, economical, and environmentally friendly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100286"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143591839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-05-12DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2025.100296
Wei Jin, Shuhan Gao, Wei Jiang, Huimin Wang
As a key path to alleviate the double pressure of economic and social development and ecological environment protection in water-sensitive areas, reclaimed water is of great significance to coordinately promote carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion and growth. This paper uses the three-stage Slack-Based Measure (SBM) model to measure the efficiency of recycled water utilization in 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta, and based on the characteristics of technological heterogeneity, systematically exploring the spatial correlation mechanism of recycled water utilization. The results show that: firstly, after excluding external environmental factors and random factors, the utilization efficiency of reclaimed water in different cities decreased significantly compared with before improvement. The utilization efficiency of recycled water in each city has dropped significantly compared with that before excluding external environmental factors and random factors. Secondly, government policy incentive is the key factor to improve the efficiency of reclaimed water utilization, and the leading role of science and technology innovation is limited to the cluster frontier in the low innovation level area. Thirdly, from the perspective of spatial spillover effect, the resident population significantly improved the efficiency of reclaimed water utilization in the region while suppressing the efficiency value of surrounding areas; the construction of water supply and drainage infrastructure inhibits the efficiency of reclaimed water utilization in all regions. Therefore, local governments should guide the use of reclaimed water through policy formulation and attach importance to technological innovation oriented by environmental protection. Optimize the construction of reclaimed water infrastructure based on the relationship between supply and demand, and improve the efficiency of reclaimed water utilization, so as to achieve the harmonious development of man and nature.
{"title":"Study on the spatial spillover effect of reclaimed water utilization efficiency in water environment-sensitive areas with heterogeneous technology","authors":"Wei Jin, Shuhan Gao, Wei Jiang, Huimin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a key path to alleviate the double pressure of economic and social development and ecological environment protection in water-sensitive areas, reclaimed water is of great significance to coordinately promote carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion and growth. This paper uses the three-stage Slack-Based Measure (SBM) model to measure the efficiency of recycled water utilization in 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta, and based on the characteristics of technological heterogeneity, systematically exploring the spatial correlation mechanism of recycled water utilization. The results show that: firstly, after excluding external environmental factors and random factors, the utilization efficiency of reclaimed water in different cities decreased significantly compared with before improvement. The utilization efficiency of recycled water in each city has dropped significantly compared with that before excluding external environmental factors and random factors. Secondly, government policy incentive is the key factor to improve the efficiency of reclaimed water utilization, and the leading role of science and technology innovation is limited to the cluster frontier in the low innovation level area. Thirdly, from the perspective of spatial spillover effect, the resident population significantly improved the efficiency of reclaimed water utilization in the region while suppressing the efficiency value of surrounding areas; the construction of water supply and drainage infrastructure inhibits the efficiency of reclaimed water utilization in all regions. Therefore, local governments should guide the use of reclaimed water through policy formulation and attach importance to technological innovation oriented by environmental protection. Optimize the construction of reclaimed water infrastructure based on the relationship between supply and demand, and improve the efficiency of reclaimed water utilization, so as to achieve the harmonious development of man and nature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100296"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2025.100277
Anna C. Schomberg , Wolf von Tümpling , Ellen Kynast
Uncontrolled mine site leakage poses massive indirect environmental pollution, particularly when harmful substances, like arsenic, infiltrate water bodies, affecting humans. Arsenic contamination, recognized as a severe environmental catastrophe, exemplifies the water quality footprint from a Moroccan cobalt mine supplying electric car construction. Applying the water quality footprint method, we determined that 30–615 m3 of virtual dilution water per electric car would be needed to reduce arsenic pollution below natural background levels in a scenario that assumes that 49 % of the cobalt from the respective mine enters the production of battery materials aligning with recent global cobalt demand and use figures. In such a scenario, this single mine's water quality footprint would constitute up to 0.15 % of Morocco's annual water availability, concerning all electric cars produced annually with cobalt from this mine, and would take up half the annual capacity of one seawater desalination plant. While the databasis ouf our analysis is limited and uncertainties are high, our findings underscore the need to avoid problem shifting so that climate-friendly technologies can develop their potential, prompt reflection on due diligence in supply chains under German and upcoming European legislation and highlight the shared responsibility of industry, society and politics.
{"title":"Arsenic leakage crisis in supply chain of battery storage materials: Water quality footprint of cobalt mining demands action","authors":"Anna C. Schomberg , Wolf von Tümpling , Ellen Kynast","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Uncontrolled mine site leakage poses massive indirect environmental pollution, particularly when harmful substances, like arsenic, infiltrate water bodies, affecting humans. Arsenic contamination, recognized as a severe environmental catastrophe, exemplifies the water quality footprint from a Moroccan cobalt mine supplying electric car construction. Applying the water quality footprint method, we determined that 30–615 m<sup>3</sup> of virtual dilution water per electric car would be needed to reduce arsenic pollution below natural background levels in a scenario that assumes that 49 % of the cobalt from the respective mine enters the production of battery materials aligning with recent global cobalt demand and use figures. In such a scenario, this single mine's water quality footprint would constitute up to 0.15 % of Morocco's annual water availability, concerning all electric cars produced annually with cobalt from this mine, and would take up half the annual capacity of one seawater desalination plant. While the databasis ouf our analysis is limited and uncertainties are high, our findings underscore the need to avoid problem shifting so that climate-friendly technologies can develop their potential, prompt reflection on due diligence in supply chains under German and upcoming European legislation and highlight the shared responsibility of industry, society and politics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100277"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-04-08DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2025.100287
Mahdi Shahryari, Soroush Baradaran, Omid Vahidi
This research investigated Allura Red (AR) degradation using a quad-oxidant hybrid process with hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) promoted by ultraviolet radiation (UV) in combination with sodium peroxydisulfate (PS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as chemical agents. The experiments were carried out for 4 L synthetic AR-polluted wastewater containing 25 ppm AR. Optimization was performed using a Box-Behnken design (BBD) with H2O2 (0–70 ppm), PS (0–200 ppm), and UV radiation (0–32 W). Response surface methodology (RSM) analysis revealed optimal conditions for the HC/H2O2/PS/UV process as 41.3 ppm H2O2, 197 ppm PS, and 31.7 W UV power. Under these conditions, 99.23 % decolorization efficiency with a kinetic rate constant (k) of 80.53 × 10−3 min−1 and yield efficiency of 9.90 × 10−3 mg kJ−1 was achieved. The optimum configuration also resulted in remarkable 74.33 % reduction of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) within 120 min. Techno-economic analysis, based on the efficiency-cost ratio (ECR) was conducted on all processes revealed that the ECR of the optimized HC/H2O2/PS/UV process was attained at 398.40. To clarify the role of reactive species, the influence of radical scavengers was investigated under the optimized conditions. Decolorization efficiency was reduced to 74.53 % and 53.10 % with the addition of tert-butanol and ethanol, respectively, with corresponding rate constants of 22.8 × 10−3 min−1 and 12.62 × 10−3 min−1.
{"title":"Optimizing a quad-oxidant hybrid process based on hydrodynamic cavitation and UV radiation for Allura red degradation","authors":"Mahdi Shahryari, Soroush Baradaran, Omid Vahidi","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research investigated Allura Red (AR) degradation using a quad-oxidant hybrid process with hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) promoted by ultraviolet radiation (UV) in combination with sodium peroxydisulfate (PS) and hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) as chemical agents. The experiments were carried out for 4 L synthetic AR-polluted wastewater containing 25 ppm AR. Optimization was performed using a Box-Behnken design (BBD) with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (0–70 ppm), PS (0–200 ppm), and UV radiation (0–32 W). Response surface methodology (RSM) analysis revealed optimal conditions for the HC/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/PS/UV process as 41.3 ppm H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, 197 ppm PS, and 31.7 W UV power. Under these conditions, 99.23 % decolorization efficiency with a kinetic rate constant (k) of 80.53 × 10<sup>−3</sup> min<sup>−1</sup> and yield efficiency of 9.90 × 10<sup>−3</sup> mg kJ<sup>−1</sup> was achieved. The optimum configuration also resulted in remarkable 74.33 % reduction of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) within 120 min. Techno-economic analysis, based on the efficiency-cost ratio (ECR) was conducted on all processes revealed that the ECR of the optimized HC/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/PS/UV process was attained at 398.40. To clarify the role of reactive species, the influence of radical scavengers was investigated under the optimized conditions. Decolorization efficiency was reduced to 74.53 % and 53.10 % with the addition of tert-butanol and ethanol, respectively, with corresponding rate constants of 22.8 × 10<sup>−3</sup> min<sup>−1</sup> and 12.62 × 10<sup>−3</sup> min<sup>−1</sup>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100287"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2025.100279
C.J. Teo , J. Poinapen , J.A.M.H. Hofman , T. Wintgens
This research examined the water dependencies and associated risks in Dutch industries by focusing on three main aspects: the geographical distribution of industrial clusters relative to water sources, water consumption and its economic value across different sectors, and future water stress scenarios with their regional implications. The study uncovered a complex relationship between industrial facility location and water use. It revealed a strong correlation between facilities and nearby water sources, with a tendency for industries to cluster around water sources, peaking at a proximity of about 0–5 km for both surface water and groundwater sources. However, it also pointed out that this relationship is influenced by several other factors including water quality, extraction rights, historical development, and competition for water resources. Additionally, the analysis underlined the importance of considering both water consumption and proximity to water sources to accurately assess dependency. It advocated a more sophisticated approach that moves beyond mere water usage per unit of output to encompass the production complexities that significantly affect water dependency in particular industries. The future projection showed baseline water stress impacts the security of water supply of industries at different magnitude. Particularly, North Brabant and Limburg stood out as particularly vulnerable. These regions hold a significant portion of the studied industrial facilities (21.7 %) and dominate the nation's mineral industry (75 %). The study acknowledged the drawbacks of depending solely on average sectoral data and stresses the urgency for proactive water management strategies. These insights laid a solid groundwork for further research and the implementation of targeted water conservation and sustainable production measures within the Dutch manufacturing sector and beyond as water management issues have global relevance. This study suggested areas for further exploration such as exploring different circular water strategies, industrial symbiosis, leveraging digital technology for optimising water management, and utilising alternative water sources.
{"title":"Assessing water dependencies and risks in Dutch industries: Distribution, consumption and future challenges","authors":"C.J. Teo , J. Poinapen , J.A.M.H. Hofman , T. Wintgens","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research examined the water dependencies and associated risks in Dutch industries by focusing on three main aspects: the geographical distribution of industrial clusters relative to water sources, water consumption and its economic value across different sectors, and future water stress scenarios with their regional implications. The study uncovered a complex relationship between industrial facility location and water use. It revealed a strong correlation between facilities and nearby water sources, with a tendency for industries to cluster around water sources, peaking at a proximity of about 0–5 km for both surface water and groundwater sources. However, it also pointed out that this relationship is influenced by several other factors including water quality, extraction rights, historical development, and competition for water resources. Additionally, the analysis underlined the importance of considering both water consumption and proximity to water sources to accurately assess dependency. It advocated a more sophisticated approach that moves beyond mere water usage per unit of output to encompass the production complexities that significantly affect water dependency in particular industries. The future projection showed baseline water stress impacts the security of water supply of industries at different magnitude. Particularly, North Brabant and Limburg stood out as particularly vulnerable. These regions hold a significant portion of the studied industrial facilities (21.7 %) and dominate the nation's mineral industry (75 %). The study acknowledged the drawbacks of depending solely on average sectoral data and stresses the urgency for proactive water management strategies. These insights laid a solid groundwork for further research and the implementation of targeted water conservation and sustainable production measures within the Dutch manufacturing sector and beyond as water management issues have global relevance. This study suggested areas for further exploration such as exploring different circular water strategies, industrial symbiosis, leveraging digital technology for optimising water management, and utilising alternative water sources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100279"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-05-10DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2025.100294
Bartosz Szeląg , Krzysztof Barbusiński , Michał Stachura , Przemysław Kowal , Adam Kiczko , Eldon R. Rene
This study proposes a computational framework for the prediction and optimisation of soapstock splitting under conditions of limited measurement data and input uncertainty. The objective was to evaluate and select the modeling approaches based on (i) data availability, (ii) model complexity, (iii) predictive accuracy, and (iv) sensitivity to input uncertainty. Machine learning algorithms—Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and Support Vector Machines (SVM)—were assessed in comparison with Response Surface Methodology (RSM). XGBoost provided the most accurate predictions for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and organic phosphorus (Porg), while SVM performed best for acid number (AN). K-means clustering identified specific input domains where RSM models could effectively substitute for XGBoost, offering a balance between simplicity and performance. GSA showed that the key influence on Porg (organic phosphorus), COD (chemical oxygen demand) and AN (acid number) was the phosphorus content of the oil, and less important were the operational parameters of the soapstock splitting system. Multi-criteria optimisation under uncertainty using a genetic algorithm (NSGA II) showed a significant influence of phosphorus content uncertainty on the choice of soapstock splitting operating conditions. These findings underscore the importance of accurate phosphorus quantification and support the development of robust, data-efficient computational tools for the monitoring, prediction, and optimisation of complex industrial processes such as soapstock splitting.
{"title":"Advanced evaluation of performance of machine learning models for soapstock splitting optimisation under uncertainty","authors":"Bartosz Szeląg , Krzysztof Barbusiński , Michał Stachura , Przemysław Kowal , Adam Kiczko , Eldon R. Rene","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a computational framework for the prediction and optimisation of soapstock splitting under conditions of limited measurement data and input uncertainty. The objective was to evaluate and select the modeling approaches based on (i) data availability, (ii) model complexity, (iii) predictive accuracy, and (iv) sensitivity to input uncertainty. Machine learning algorithms—Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and Support Vector Machines (SVM)—were assessed in comparison with Response Surface Methodology (RSM). XGBoost provided the most accurate predictions for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and organic phosphorus (P<sub>org</sub>), while SVM performed best for acid number (AN). K-means clustering identified specific input domains where RSM models could effectively substitute for XGBoost, offering a balance between simplicity and performance. GSA showed that the key influence on P<sub>org</sub> (organic phosphorus), COD (chemical oxygen demand) and AN (acid number) was the phosphorus content of the oil, and less important were the operational parameters of the soapstock splitting system. Multi-criteria optimisation under uncertainty using a genetic algorithm (NSGA II) showed a significant influence of phosphorus content uncertainty on the choice of soapstock splitting operating conditions. These findings underscore the importance of accurate phosphorus quantification and support the development of robust, data-efficient computational tools for the monitoring, prediction, and optimisation of complex industrial processes such as soapstock splitting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100294"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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