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The different approaches to chemical phosphorus removal across the UK wastewater industry 英国废水工业中化学除磷的不同方法
IF 2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.1111/wej.12909
O. Hernandez-Ramirez, A. Thompson
Water companies in the United Kingdom are currently facing unprecedented tightening of phosphorus discharge consents, which will only become stricter in the near future. Historically, the most widely applied method of phosphorus removal has been chemical precipitation through the addition of iron or aluminium salts. Although more sustainable options, such as biological processes, are already being implemented at key sites, data shows that chemical removal is likely to remain an integral part of wastewater treatment—whether as the main method in small or problematic works or as a trim for meeting consents below 1 mg/L, not achievable through biological removal alone. All sewage treatment providers in the United Kingdom have developed asset standards (internal design and operation guidelines) for the design and management of chemical precipitation at existing works. However, the approach has not been consistent throughout the sector, with wide variations of criteria, brackets and rules of thumb. This paper collates and compares these approaches, looking at asset standards from most of the water companies in the United Kingdom. The methods stated in these standards have been applied for the sizing of chemical phosphorus removal on four simulated sites, to meet theoretical consents based upon the future discharge requirements set by the Environment Agency under the Water Industry National Environment Programme.
英国的自来水公司目前正面临着前所未有的磷排放许可收紧,在不久的将来只会变得更加严格。历史上,应用最广泛的除磷方法是通过添加铁或铝盐的化学沉淀法。虽然更可持续的选择,如生物处理,已经在关键地点实施,但数据显示,化学去除可能仍然是废水处理的一个组成部分——无论是作为小型或有问题的工程的主要方法,还是作为满足1毫克/升以下许可的一种修剪,仅通过生物去除是无法实现的。联合王国的所有污水处理供应商都为现有工程的化学沉淀的设计和管理制定了资产标准(内部设计和操作准则)。然而,这种做法在整个部门并不一致,标准、括号和经验法则各不相同。本文对这些方法进行了整理和比较,考察了英国大多数水务公司的资产标准。这些标准中所述的方法已应用于四个模拟场地的化学除磷施胶,以满足环境局根据水工业国家环境计划制定的未来排放要求的理论同意。
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引用次数: 0
Kuwait household water demand in 2050: Spatial microsimulation and impact appraisal 2050年科威特家庭用水需求:空间微观模拟和影响评价
IF 2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.1111/wej.12906
Hamad J. Alazmi, Gordon Mitchell, Mark A. Trigg
Household water demand has increased dramatically in Kuwait over the last few decades, due to rapid population growth and changing lifestyles. Avoiding a water deficit through a supply-side approach has been the default strategy in Kuwait, yet this approach is unsustainable, associated with declining groundwater levels, and reliance on desalination that results in major carbon emission and environmental impact and that takes a large and growing share of oil revenues. In this study, we forecast household water demand in Kuwait to 2050 under a Business-As-Usual (BAU) scenario and evaluate the economic and environmental impacts. A spatial microsimulation, constrained by the national population projection of the Kuwait Institute of Scientific Research (KISR), was developed to overcome data limitations in forecasting household demand. Results show a 45% increase in water demand by 2050, to 664.1 million cubic metres (MCM), relative to the 2019 base year. Annual production costs increase from 1.39 billion USD in 2019 to 1.99 billion USD by 2050, whilst carbon emissions increase from 10.85 to 15.54 million tonnes/year. These results should alert policymakers to the potential impacts of the growing water demand and provide further support for water conservation action to reduce demand.
在过去的几十年里,由于人口的快速增长和生活方式的改变,科威特的家庭用水需求急剧增加。通过供应方面的方法来避免水资源短缺一直是科威特的默认策略,但这种方法是不可持续的,与地下水水位下降和对海水淡化的依赖有关,这导致了主要的碳排放和环境影响,并占用了越来越大的石油收入份额。在这项研究中,我们预测了科威特到2050年在一切照常(BAU)情景下的家庭用水需求,并评估了经济和环境影响。受科威特科学研究所国家人口预测的限制,开发了一种空间微观模拟,以克服预测家庭需求方面的数据限制。结果显示,与2019年基准年相比,到2050年,水需求将增加45%,达到6.641亿立方米。年生产成本从2019年的13.9亿美元增加到2050年的19.9亿美元,而碳排放量从1085万吨/年增加到1554万吨/年。这些结果应该提醒决策者注意不断增长的用水需求的潜在影响,并为减少用水需求的节水行动提供进一步的支持。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing microbial fuel cell performance: A study on carbon cloth/TiO2 and carbon cloth/CuO electrodes 提高微生物燃料电池性能:碳布/TiO2和碳布/CuO电极的研究
IF 2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.1111/wej.12908
Mojdeh Lotfi, Habibollah Younesi, Bita Roshanravan, Nader Bahramifar, Maxime Pontié, Mehri Shabani, Meisam Tabatabaei, Maryam Nazerifar
This study confirmed the efficacy of modified electrode microbial fuel cells (MFCs) in removing chemical oxygen demand (COD) and generating electricity using wastewater from industrial meat processing. The findings of linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) demonstrated that applying CuO particles to carbon cloth (CC) significantly reduced the charge transfer resistance, resulting in improved electrochemical performance. In the batch experiment, the MFCs were conducted by applying different electrodes and Nafion-117 as a proton exchange membrane (PEM). X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses were performed to study the development of metal oxide on the electrode surface. The MFC operating with the CC/CuO electrode achieved a maximum COD removal (74.6%), which was attained at the peak power output of 82.56 mW/m2 and the greatest current density of 213.33 mA/m2, as indicated by the polarization curve data. In light of these findings, coating CuO on the CC anode promotes electron transfer, enhances the electrode's conductivity and increases its electrochemical surface area. In summary, the findings of this study hold significant implications for sustainable electricity production and remarkable effects on environmental quality, highlighting the strategic importance of the research approach and outputs in addressing global energy and environmental challenges.
本研究证实了改性电极微生物燃料电池(MFCs)在去除化学需氧量(COD)和利用工业肉类加工废水发电方面的有效性。线性扫描伏安法(LSV)和循环伏安法(CV)的研究结果表明,在碳布(CC)上添加CuO颗粒可以显著降低电荷传递电阻,从而提高其电化学性能。在批量实验中,采用不同电极,以Nafion-117作为质子交换膜(PEM)制备mfc。通过x射线粉末衍射(XRD)、能量色散x射线分析(EDAX)和扫描电镜(SEM)分析研究了电极表面金属氧化物的发展。极化曲线数据表明,使用CC/CuO电极的MFC在峰值输出功率为82.56 mW/m2、最大电流密度为213.33 mA/m2时,COD去除率最高(74.6%)。根据这些发现,在CC阳极上涂覆CuO可以促进电子转移,提高电极的导电性并增加其电化学表面积。总之,本研究的结果对可持续电力生产和对环境质量的显著影响具有重要意义,突出了研究方法和产出在应对全球能源和环境挑战方面的战略重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Spatio‐temporal analysis of trends in annual maximum rainfall in the North‐West of Algeria: Comparative analysis of recent and old non‐parametric methods 阿尔及利亚西北部年最大降雨量趋势的时空分析:最新和旧非参数方法的比较分析
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.1111/wej.12905
Benali Benzater, Abdelkader Elouissi, Sahnoun Fellah, Anouar Hachemaoui
Abstract This article examines the spatial variability of extreme precipitation trends in northwestern Algeria (Macta) and compares the results obtained from the four recent and old non‐parametric methods. A dataset of annual maximum precipitation consisting of 41 observation years (1970–2010) and 41 rain gauges was used. The results of the four old and new methods used to detect trends, Mann–Kendall (MK), Bravais–Pearson (BP), Spearman (SR) and innovative trend analysis (ITA), show good agreement. They revealed that a decrease in the trend of annual maximum precipitation was detected during the first period (1970–1992) with −44% (MK), −61% (BP), −68% (SR) and −76% (ITA). On the other hand, in the second period (1993–2010), a total shift occurred in which a significant increase in annual maximum precipitation trends was observed with +63% (BP), +34% (MK and SR) and +93% (ITA). These results show the ability of ITA to detect partial trends that the other three tests do not allow. Our results allow decision‐makers to properly design adaptation strategies in the face of the intensification of these extreme events.
摘要本文研究了阿尔及利亚西北部(Macta)极端降水趋势的空间变异性,并比较了最近和旧的四种非参数方法的结果。利用由41个观测年(1970—2010)和41个雨量计组成的年最大降水量数据集。四种用于检测趋势的新旧方法,Mann-Kendall (MK), Bravais-Pearson (BP), Spearman (SR)和创新趋势分析(ITA)的结果显示出良好的一致性。结果表明,1970—1992年,年最大降水量呈下降趋势,MK为- 44%,BP为- 61%,SR为- 68%,ITA为- 76%。另一方面,第二期(1993-2010年)发生了一次总转变,年最大降水趋势显著增加,BP +63%, MK和SR +34%, ITA +93%。这些结果表明ITA能够检测到其他三个测试不允许的部分趋势。我们的研究结果使决策者能够在面对这些极端事件的加剧时适当地设计适应策略。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of novel hybrid treatment wetlands as nature‐based solutions for pharmaceutical industry wastewater treatment 新型混合处理湿地在制药工业废水处理中的应用评价
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.1111/wej.12907
Othman Al‐Mashaqbeh, Layal Alsalhi, Lana Salaymeh, Tao Lyu
Abstract This study investigated the use of nature‐based solutions for treating real pharmaceutical industry wastewater in Jordan. A pilot‐scale hybrid treatment wetland (TW) equipped with local zeolite was employed, comprising a tidal flow TW and a horizontal subsurface flow TW. This system was efficient in treating pharmaceutical wastewater with removal efficiencies of 61.4%, 52.6%, 60.1%, and 61.9% for chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and NH 4 + ‐N, respectively. The final effluent met Jordanian standards for the reuse of treated wastewater in irrigation (Class B). Five pharmaceuticals, namely, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, lincomycin, and trimethoprim, demonstrated nearly completed removal (93.6–99.9%). Moderated removal performances (59.2–68.2%) were observed for two compounds, flumequine and sulfaquinoxaline. However, three pharmaceuticals, namely, carbamazepine, diclofenac, and sulfadimidine, showed limited removal performances (1.1–20.5%). This study supported the feasibility of using nature‐based solutions for treating pharmaceutical wastewater and highlighted that future studies are required to optimize this strategy for removing a broader range of pharmaceuticals.
摘要:本研究调查了在约旦使用基于自然的解决方案来处理真正的制药工业废水。采用了一个中试规模的混合处理湿地(TW),配备了当地的沸石,包括潮汐流TW和水平地下流TW。该系统对制药废水的化学需氧量、总磷、总氮和nh4 +‐N的去除率分别为61.4%、52.6%、60.1%和61.9%。最终出水达到约旦灌溉废水回用标准(B类)。5种药物,即恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、林可霉素和甲氧苄啶,几乎完全去除(93.6-99.9%)。氟喹和磺胺喹啉的去除率为59.2 ~ 68.2%。然而,卡马西平、双氯芬酸和磺胺嘧啶三种药物的去除率有限(1.1-20.5%)。这项研究支持了使用基于自然的解决方案来处理制药废水的可行性,并强调了未来的研究需要优化这一策略,以去除更广泛的药物。
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引用次数: 0
Research on the impact of waterfront resources on rural leisure environment, economic development, and the awareness of physical and mental health of the elderly 滨水区资源对农村休闲环境、经济发展、老年人身心健康意识的影响研究
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.1111/wej.12901
Hsiao‐Hsien Lin, Tzu‐Yun Lin, Jan‐Wei Lin, Chih‐Cheng Lo, Qi‐Yuan Li, Chao‐Yen Lin, Jao‐Chuan Lin, Cheng‐Ping Li
Abstract This study aimed to analyse the impact of waterfront resources on the rural leisure environment, economic development, and physical and mental health awareness of the elderly. This study adopted a mixed research method. First, a questionnaire was designed, and 580 questionnaires were analysed using SPSS 26.0 statistical software with a basic statistical test, Pearson correlation coefficient. Then, we used semi‐structured interviews to collect the opinions of six respondents. Finally, the data were compiled and discussed by multivariate check analysis. The study found that although coastal resources can promote the rural economy, maintain community culture, build a comfortable living environment for the elderly and promote health and well‐being, they still affect the physical and mental health and well‐being of the elderly because of serious pollution, damage to the community environment and ecology, high prices and few leisure facilities. Therefore, reducing pollution, stabilizing prices, maintaining coastal biodiversity, controlling the consumption mechanism and providing a safe leisure environment will help promote the physical and mental health of the elderly, increase their enthusiasm and self‐confidence, and increase their sense of well‐being.
摘要本研究旨在分析滨水区资源对农村休闲环境、经济发展和老年人身心健康意识的影响。本研究采用混合研究方法。首先设计问卷,运用SPSS 26.0统计软件对580份问卷进行分析,并进行基本统计检验Pearson相关系数。然后,我们使用半结构化访谈来收集六位受访者的意见。最后,对数据进行整理和多元检验分析。研究发现,沿海资源虽然可以促进农村经济发展,维护社区文化,为老年人营造舒适的生活环境,促进健康福祉,但由于污染严重,破坏社区环境和生态,价格高,休闲设施少,仍然影响老年人的身心健康和福祉。因此,减少污染、稳定物价、维护沿海生物多样性、控制消费机制、提供安全的休闲环境,将有助于促进老年人身心健康,增强老年人的积极性和自信心,增加老年人的幸福感。
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引用次数: 0
Ecological environment value assessment and ecological civilization in the Changjiang River basin 长江流域生态环境价值评价与生态文明
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1111/wej.12900
Zhaoli Ma, Xia Guo
Abstract With the rapid growth of urbanization and industrialization, the strain on resources and the environment has intensified, resulting in challenges such as soil erosion and biodiversity loss. To address these issues, the development of a circular economy and eco‐cities has become crucial. This article proposes an ecosystem assessment model based on the backpropagation neural network (BPNN) that incorporates environmental carrying capacity and energy regeneration capacity. The model aims to evaluate the ecological service value of wetlands in the Changjiang River basin. The results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms other comparison methods, exhibiting a high level of accuracy. Furthermore, the simulation outcomes indicate that enhancing eco‐efficiency can enhance the environmental carrying capacity and energy regeneration capacity of the ecosystem, ultimately leading to an overall improvement in ecosystem value.
随着城市化和工业化的快速发展,资源和环境的压力日益加剧,导致土壤侵蚀和生物多样性丧失等挑战。为了解决这些问题,发展循环经济和生态城市变得至关重要。本文提出了一种结合环境承载力和能量再生能力的反向传播神经网络(BPNN)生态系统评价模型。该模型旨在评价长江流域湿地的生态服务价值。结果表明,该模型优于其他比较方法,具有较高的精度。生态效率的提高可以提高生态系统的环境承载力和能量再生能力,最终导致生态系统价值的整体提高。
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引用次数: 0
Biological degradation of leachate from household and similar waste pre‐treated by electro‐Fenton process 电Fenton预处理生活垃圾渗滤液的生物降解研究
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.1111/wej.12902
Athir Boukhrissa, Lina Mounia Rouidi, Rita Maurício, Hamid Ait‐Amar
Abstract This study's purpose is to confirm the feasibility and performance of the combination between ‘electro‐Fenton’ process and the ‘activated sludge’ biological process, in order to remove the organic matter contained in ‘intermediate’ leachates from technical landfill centre of Hamici (Algiers). This leachate was initially electrochemically pre‐treated until the ratio of BOD 5 /chemical oxygen deman (COD) = 0.41, then an optimization of the parameters significantly influencing the biological degradation was carried. The results obtained after 13 h of biological treatment show the removal of 97% of the initial COD, with a mixed liquor composed of 700 mL of pre‐treated leachate and 300 mL of activated sludge, a dissolved oxygen concentration of 3.5 mg O 2 /L and a pH of 7, which allows the effluent to discharge directly into the environment. The conclusions of this work are promising because it was demonstrated that if the operating parameters are well controlled concerning these treatments, its sequence and the referred pre‐treatment, the treatment efficiency is very high to the point of direct discharge of the leachate. However, in future studies, the combination of the both processes should be more explored in order to reduce the treatment time and to scale‐up the process.
摘要:本研究的目的是确认“电Fenton”工艺与“活性污泥”生物工艺相结合的可行性和性能,以去除Hamici(阿尔及尔)技术垃圾填埋场“中间”渗滤液中所含的有机物。首先对该渗滤液进行电化学预处理,使其BOD 5 /化学需氧量(COD) = 0.41,然后对影响生物降解的参数进行优化。生物处理13小时后的结果表明,在700 mL预处理渗滤液和300 mL活性污泥组成的混合液中,溶解氧浓度为3.5 mg o2 /L, pH为7的条件下,初始COD去除率为97%,出水可直接排放到环境中。这项工作的结论是有希望的,因为它表明,如果控制好这些处理的操作参数,其顺序和参考的预处理,处理效率非常高,可以直接排放渗滤液。然而,在未来的研究中,应该更多地探索这两种工艺的结合,以减少处理时间和扩大工艺规模。
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引用次数: 0
Enzymatic biodegradation and detoxification of azo and anthraquinone dyes by indigenously isolated bacterial monocultures and their synergistic behaviour in developed consortia 偶氮和蒽醌染料在本土分离细菌单一培养中的酶降解和解毒作用及其在发达联合体中的协同作用
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.1111/wej.12903
Khalid Hussain, Afsheen Aman, Asad Ullah, Muhammad Qamar Khan, Asma Ansari
Abstract Wastewater generated by textile industry needs to be treated to reduce its toxicity before final disposal and/or for recycling purposes. In the current study, several bacterial strains were screened for dye decolorization potential. UV–visible spectroscopy was used to determine maximum absorption wavelength of disperse dyes. HPLC and MTS assay were used to confirm the degradation and detoxification of disperse dyes, respectively. Results revealed that indigenously isolated Bacillus licheniformis , Glutamicibacter uratoxydans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed strong decolorization of red, blue and violet, respectively in 6–9 h. MTS assay revealed 100% viability of NIH/3T3 cell lines in presence of treated dyes. Enzyme screening assay confirmed the production of intracellular and membrane bound oxidoreductases in presence of specific dye as substrate. To resolve this issue, bacterial consortia were prepared, and better decolorization of all dyes was achieved in synergistic behaviour of Consortia 1 and 4 with 85% and 88% decolorization potential, respectively.
纺织工业产生的废水在最终处置和/或回收利用之前需要进行处理以降低其毒性。在本研究中,筛选了几种菌株的染料脱色潜力。采用紫外可见光谱法测定分散染料的最大吸收波长。采用高效液相色谱法和MTS法分别对分散染料进行降解和解毒鉴定。结果表明,本土分离的地衣芽孢杆菌、脲氧基谷氨酰胺杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌在6-9 h内分别表现出较强的红色、蓝色和紫色脱色效果。MTS实验显示,处理后的染料对NIH/3T3细胞株的存活率为100%。酶筛选实验证实,在特定染料作为底物存在的情况下,细胞内和膜结合氧化还原酶的产生。为了解决这一问题,制备了细菌联合体,在联合体1和联合体4的协同作用下,所有染料的脱色效果都较好,脱色电位分别为85%和88%。
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引用次数: 0
Operational window of a deammonifying sludge for mainstream application in a municipal wastewater treatment plant 脱氨污泥在城市污水处理厂主流应用的运行窗口
IF 2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/wej.12898
D. Cheenakula, Svea Paulsen, Fabian Ott, M. Grömping
The present work aimed to study the mainstream feasibility of the deammonifying sludge of side stream of municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWWTP) in Kaster, Germany. For this purpose, the deammonifying sludge available at the side stream was investigated for nitrogen (N) removal with respect to the operational factors temperature (15–30°C), pH value (6.0–8.0) and chemical oxygen demand (COD)/N ratio (≤1.5–6.0). The highest and lowest N‐removal rates of 0.13 and 0.045 kg/(m3 d) are achieved at 30 and 15°C, respectively. Different conditions of pH and COD/N ratios in the SBRs of Partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) significantly influenced both the metabolic processes and associated N‐removal rates. The scientific insights gained from the current work signifies the possibility of mainstream PN/A at WWTPs. The current study forms a solid basis of operational window for the upcoming semi‐technical trails to be conducted prior to the full‐scale mainstream PN/A at WWTP Kaster and WWTPs globally.
本工作旨在研究德国卡斯特市城市污水处理厂(MWWTP)支流脱氨污泥的主流可行性。为此,根据操作因素温度(15–30°C)、pH值(6.0–8.0)和化学需氧量(COD)/N比(≤1.5–6.0),对侧流中可用的脱氨污泥进行了脱氮研究。最高和最低脱氮率分别为0.13和0.045 分别在30°C和15°C下达到kg/(m3/d)。部分硝化/厌氧氨氧化(PN/A)SBRs中pH和COD/N比率的不同条件显著影响代谢过程和相关的氮去除率。从目前的工作中获得的科学见解意味着WWTP主流PN/A的可能性。目前的研究为即将在卡斯特污水处理厂和全球污水处理厂进行全规模主流PN/a之前进行的半技术试验的运行窗口奠定了坚实的基础。
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引用次数: 0
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