Wei sheng yan jiu = Journal of hygiene research最新文献

Objective: To investigate the role of inositol-requiring enzyme 1(IRE1) in autophagy of human gastric cancer cells induced by vitamin E succinate(VES).

Methods: Human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into solvent control group(0.1% ethanol absolute), different doses(5, 10, 15 and 20 μg/mL) VES group, 4μ8C group, and VES + 4μ8C group. The endoplasmic reticulum stress-related molecules glucose regulated protein 78(GRP78) and C/EBP homologous protein(CHOP), autophagy marker microtubule associated Protein1 light chain 3(LC3), Beclin-1, unfolded protein response branching pathway Inositol-requiring enzyme 1(IRE1), X box-binding protein 1(XBP1), c-Jun n-terminal kinase(JNK) and p-JNK were detected by Western blot in the solvent control group and different doses of VES group. IRE1 was inhibited by 4μ8C. The expressions of IRE1, XBP1, JNK, p-JNK, GRP78 and CHOP were detected by Western blot, and the expressions of LC3 and Beclin-1 were detected.

Results: The expression of GRP78(1.16±0.06) and CHOP(1.36±0.11) in 20 μg/mL VES group were significantly higher than those in solvent control group GRP78(0.36±0.10) and CHOP(0.48±0.05)(P<0.001). The expression of Beclin-1(1.09±0.20) and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ(1.29±0.03) in 20 μg/mL VES group were significantly higher than those in solvent control group(0.27±0.07) and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ(0.43±0.06)(P<0.001). The expression levels of IRE1(1.07±0.20), XBP1(1.33±0.07) and p-JNK/JNK(1.19±0.31) in 20 μg/mL VES group were significantly higher than those in the solvent control group(P<0.01). After IRE1 is inhibited: The expression level of IRE1(0.63±0.27), XBP1(0.74±0.09), p-JNK/JNK(0.35±0.04), GRP78(0.66±0.02), CHOP(0.51±0.02), LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ(0.72±0.01), Beclin-1(0.70±0.15) was significantly lower than that of VES group(P<0.05).

Conclusion: VES may participate in the regulation of autophagy in gastric cancer cells by upregulating IRE1 pathway.

Objective: To investigate the prospective association between sugar-sweetened beverage intakes and age at menarche among Chinese girls.

Methods: Based on China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS) from 2004 to 2015, 293 girls aged 7-16 years with both data on sugar-sweetened beverage intake 1-5 years before menarche and age of menarche were included in the present study. Multivariate linear regression analysis and Logistic regression analysis were used to explore the influence of the sugar-sweetened beverage consumption on menarcheal age of Chinese girls.

Results: The median age at menarche of girls was 12 years old. The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages(SSBs) was 0.5(0.2, 1.0) L/week for sweetened soft drinks, 0.5(0.2, 0.9) L/week for sweetened fruit drinks and 0.6(0.3, 1.3) L/week for total. After adjusting age at baseline, residency, maternal educational, level, energy intake at baseline and body mass index standard deviation score, no significant association was found between sweetened soft drinks, sweetened fruit drinks, total sugar-sweetened beverage intake and age at menarche.

Conclusion: The intake of sugary beverages may not be prospectively related to the age of menarche among Chinese girls.

Objective: To investigate the influence factors of lead in whole blood in the German External Quality Assessment Scheme(G-EQUAS) biological materials by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) from 2018 to 2020.

Methods: ICP-MS was used to determine lead in whole blood of G-EQUAS by optimizing the reaction gas mode, sample dilution ratio, internal standard element, isotope and so on, analyzed the result.

Results: This study indicated that selection of internal standard elements, isotopes, matrix effect and physical effect may affect the accuracy of ICP-MS determination of lead in biological samples.

Conclusion: Avoided the factors that may affect the result when determining lead in whole blood by ICP-MS.

Objective: To observe the effect of exogenous serine or glycine on the synthesis of selenoprotein and endogenous serine and the expression of metabolic enzymes in hepatocytes cultured with high-selenium in vitro and its dose-response relationship.

Methods: The experiment was divided into two parts, namely a inhibition experiment and a dose-response experiment, using L02 cells as the intervention target. In the inhibition experiment, the blank control group, high-Se(SeMet) group, serine intervention group and high-Se+serine intervention group were set up. Both SeMet and serine were given at a level of 0.05 μmol/L, and the blank control group was given the same volumes of saline. In the dose-response experiment, the concentration of SeMet was 0.05 μmol/L, and the intervention concentration gradients of serine or glycine were 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 50, 100 and 500 μmol/L. The expression of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase(PHGDH)、serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1(SHMT1)、methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR)、selenoprotein P(SELENOP) and glutathione peroxidase 1(GPX1)was detected by Western Blot(WB).

Results: (1)In the inhibition experiment, compared with the blank control group, the expression of selenium proteins(GPX1 and SELENOP) in L02 cells of the other three groups were significantly increased(P<0.05). Compared with the high expression of PHGDH in L02 cells of high-Se group, the expressions of PHGDH, SHMT1 and MTHFR in high-Se + serine group were significantly decreased(P<0.05). (2) In the dose-response experiment, the expression of PHGDH enzyme in L02 cells gradually decreased with the increase of the concentration of exogenous serine or glycine, showing an obvious dose-dependent effect. In contrast, none of the other metabolic enzymes(SHMT1 and MTHFR) showed similar trends in protein expression.

Conclusion: The upregulated expression of PHGDH, the key enzyme in the de novo synthesis pathway of serine in hepatocytes cultured with high-selenium can be inhibited feedback by exogenous serine or endogenous serine transformed from exogenous glycine directly.

Objective: Investigate and evaluate the levels and sources of calcium intake of pregnant women in Chengdu during three trimesters.

Methods: Use the data of a cohort study in Chengdu in 2017. The healthy singleton pregnant women with 8-14 weeks of pregnancy in an obstetrical clinic of a maternal-and-child health care institution in Chengdu were selected as the object of the study. Data on maternal demographic characteristics and the use information of calcium supplements in the past month of each trimester were collected by questionnaire investigation. The dietary intakes data of pregnant women in each trimester was collected by the 3-day 24-hour dietary recall method. The dietary calcium intake and the contribution of calcium from different foods were calculated based on the Chinese Food Composition Table(2018). The total calcium intake was obtained by adding the dietary calcium and supplement calcium intake. The calcium intake was evaluated with reference to the Chinese Dietary Nutrient Reference Intakes(2013).

Results: Valid samples of 1653 cases in early pregnancy, 1024 cases in middle pregnancy and 1017 cases in late pregnancy were finally included. The median intake of total calcium was 523.3, 1280.5 and 1491.3 mg/d in three trimesters, respectively. The adequate rate of total calcium intake was 16.3%, 63.2% and 67.1%, the insufficient rate was 69.0%, 15.7% and 11.2%, the excess rate was 0.2%, 9.1% and 14.4%, respectively. The median intake of dietary calcium was 453.0, 613.0 and 723.0 mg/d in three trimesters respectively. The dietary calcium adequate rates were 7.1%, 9.7% and 16.2%, the dietary calcium deficiency rates were 82.0%, 75.0%, 62.6%, respectively. The main food sources of dietary calcium in each pregnancy were dairy foods, vegetables, tubers and grains. The contribution of dairy foods to the dietary calcium was 33.8%, 37.7% and 40.2%, respectively. The median intake of milk was 125.0, 235.3 and 250.0 g/d, respectively. Among all pregnant women, the calcium supplement use in three trimesters was 36.2%, 93.4% and 91.7%, respectively; the median intake of supplement calcium was 0.0, 625.0 and 750.0 mg/d, respectively. Among pregnant women who met the dietary calcium standard, the use of calcium supplements in the three trimesters was 38.1%, 95.0% and 94.5%, respectively; the median intake of supplemental calcium was 0.0, 725.0 and 750.0 mg/d, respectively.

Conclusion: The insufficient and excessive total calcium intake coexisted among pregnant women in Chengdu, with the insufficient dietary calcium intake prominent in all trimesters. The use of calcium supplements was common in middle and late pregnancy.

Objective: To analyze the current situation and long term trends in minerals intakes from 1989 to 2018 in adults aged 18 to 35 years in 15 provinces(autonomous regions, municipalities) of China.

Methods: Based on the data of China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1989 to 2018. Adults aged 18 to 35 were selected as study subjects. According to the dietary survey result of 3-day 24-hour dietary review method and weighing accounting method, the mineral intake was calculated and analyzed. Nonparametric statistical method was used to analyze the trend of dietary minerals intake with years. Comparing the dietary minerals intake with the dietary reference intakes, the trend of the proportion of people at risk of insufficient dietary minerals intake was analyzed by Cochran-Armitage trend test. According to the different demographic characteristics in 2018, the minerals intake status and the proportion of people with insufficient dietary minerals intake were analyzed.

Results: In 2018, the median intakes of dietary minerals of adults were 302.96 mg/d of calcium, 887.91 mg/d of phosphorus, 1451.69 mg/d of potassium, 3760.09 mg/d of sodium, 238.50 mg/d of magnesium, 19.40 mg/d of iron, 9.91 mg/d of zinc, 43.54 μg/d of selenium, 1.41 mg/d of copper and 4.59 mg/d of manganese, respectively, with significant gender differences(P<0.05). The intakes of dietary calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, selenium and copper in urban areas were significantly higher than those in rural areas(Z values were 3.00, 2.04 and 3.10, respectively, P<0.05). The dietary intakes of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, selenium and copper showed significant differences among regions, education levels and income levels. From 1989 to 2018, the dietary mineral intake of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper and manganese of adults aged 18-35 in 15 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities) of China showed a downward trend, only selenium intake showed an upward trend, and the intake of men was higher than that of women. The proportion of people at risk of inadequate intake of dietary phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc and copper showed an increasing trend year by year. In each survey year, the proportion of people at risk of insufficient calcium intake was more than 90%.

Conclusion: From 1989 to 2018, there was a risk of insufficient intake of minerals in adults aged 18-35 in 15 provinces(autonomous regions, municipalities) in China, and the problem of inadequate calcium intake was serious.

Objective: To comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of improvement of protective facilities in a vinyl chloride monomer(VCM) on promotion toward health status of occupational exposed group and safety production at poly-vinyl chloride(PVC) by comparing the liver function indicators and inspection result before and after the improvement, and to analyze the possible influential factors.

Methods: The information collection concerning facilities improvement in 2013 and 2016, identification toward critical controlling points, data or detection result from occupational on-site survey and physical examination were originated in July 2020, and 227 VCM exposed workers and 179 others without chemical reagents exposure history from production factory with calcium carbide process in Tianjin City were selected as objects. The effectiveness toward improvement of protective facilities in critical controlling points that occupational exposed workers usually involve in were evaluated through comparison toward VCM concentration result, thiodiglycolic acid(TDGA) content in urine, indicators on liver function and biochemistry and liver ultrasound. At the mean time, both binary Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the possible factors that contributed to abnormal symptoms and single dependent variable general linear regression model was used to find out the mutual interaction among influential factors.

Results: Prior to improvement on protective facilities, the C_(TWA)of VCM exposed by all 8 positions in G had exceeded 1 to 2 folds of occupational exposure limit(OEL=10 mg/m~3) and the position of synthetic operator and field sampling man were ones exposed to 1, 2-DCE with the range from 50% to 1 OEL, others hazard factors were found to meet relative OELs. Next, the content of TDGA in urine of exposed group was found to correlate strongly to the average concentration of VCM(r=0.79, P<0.05), and result of TDGA content, alanine aminotransferase(ALT), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT) and abnormal rate toward liver ultrasound test in exposed group were much higher than ones in control group with significant differences(P<0.05 or P<0.001). By contrast, after the improvement, the exposure level toward all identified hazard factors were declined to meet OEL levels with significant differences in TDGA content, and result of ALT, GGT and abnormal rates toward symptoms in liver ultrasound test such as liver calcification with thickened liver echo, peripheral fibrosis of the liver, multiple hepatic cysts were markedly lower than ones before improvement and still were higher than ones in control group(P<0.05 or P<0.001). Further, parameters of gender, length of employment, weekly contact time, VCM exposed level, TDGA content were all important contributing factors to abnormal symptoms in liver ultrasound test before and after improvement on protective facilities(P<0.05 or P<0.001),

Objective: To describe the energy and nutrients intake from complementary foods of children aged 6-23 months in different areas of China.

Methods: The data was from the National Special Program for Science & Technology Basic Resources Investigation-China Children's Nutrition and Health System Survey and Application of 0-18 Years Old Children. Children aged 6-23 months(n=546) were included in the current study. Demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status and birth status were collected through questionnaire survey. We used 24-hour weighted dietary record method to collect the intake of complementary foods. Energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, calcium, iron, zinc, selenium, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin B_1, vitamin B_2 and vitamin C intakes were calculated by using Chinese Food Composition Database.

Results: For children aged 6-8 months, 9-11 months, 12-17 months and 18-23 months, the energy intake from complementary foods was 156.1, 258.0, 388.7 and 581.1 kcal, respectively. The protein intake was 5.1, 10.1, 15.0 and 21.7 g, respectively. The fat intake was 3.3, 6.7, 9.5 and 15.9 g, respectively. The calcium intake was 38.7, 54.8, 78.6 and 106.9 mg, respectively. The iron intake was 1.3, 2.2, 3.5 and 5.3 mg, respectively. The zinc intake was 0.7, 1.4, 2.0 and 2.9 mg, respectively. The vitamin A intake was 83.7, 100.3, 157.4 and 180.4 μgRAE, respectively. The vitamin B_1 intake was 0.1, 0.2, 0.2 and 0.3 mg, respectively. The vitamin B_2 intake was 0.1, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg, respectively. The vitamin C intake was 1.8, 6.3, 9.5 and 19.2 mg, respectively. Compared with the World Health Organization recommended value of nutrients density, the density of protein from complementary foods for children aged 6-23 months was higher(2.6-3.8 mg/100 kcal vs.0.9-1.0 mg/100 kcal). The density of iron(1.0, 0.9 mg/100 kcal vs.4.5, 3.0 mg/100 kcal) and zinc(0.5, 0.5 mg/100 kcal vs.1.6, 1.1 mg/100 kcal) was lower for children aged 6-8 months and 9-11 months, respectively.

Conclusion: The main issues of complementary food for children in China were high protein for children aged 6-23 months and low iron and zinc for infants aged 6-11 months.

Objective: To analyze the status and the trends of the double burden of malnutrition among children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in 15 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities) of China in 1991, 2000, 2009 and 2015.

Methods: The data of China Health and Nutrition Surveys in 1991, 2000, 2009 and 2015 were used, children and adolescents aged 6-17 years were selected as the research objects. After excluding those with missing demographic, dietary data and physical measurement data, 2464, 2094, 929 and 1555 children and adolescents were included in the study in each year. The subjects were divided into lean, normal, overweight and obese groups. The dietary information was collected by 3-day 24-hour dietary recall, and edible oil and condiment intakes were collected by weighing method. The dietary micronutrient intake of children and adolescents was calculated according to the food composition table. The estimated average requirement(EAR) was used as the cut-offs of dietary micronutrient intake insufficiency to analyze the situation of micronutrient intake deficiency and double burden of malnutrition.

Results: The prevalence of underweight of children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in 15 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities) during 1991-2015 showed a downward trend, while the prevalence of overweight and obesity showed an upward trend(all P<0.05). The prevalence of double burden of malnutrition increased from 6.5% in 1991 to 24.6% in 2015. In 1991, 2000, 2009 and 2015, 94.2%, 92.8%, 97.2% and 93.4% of children and adolescents had insufficient dietary micronutrient intake. In 1991 and 2000, 81.6% and 73.7% of children and adolescents had insufficient intake of 3-7 dietary micronutrients at the same time; In 2009 and 2015, 81.8% and 80.7% of children and adolescents had insufficient intake of 3-9 dietary micronutrients at the same time.

Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight and obesity of children and adolescents in 15 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities) of China was on the rise, the prevalence of insufficient intake of dietary micronutrients is higher, and the double burden of malnutrition was serious.

Objective: To analyze the intakes of main food among the children of 6-17 years in different regions of China from 2019 to 2021, and to provide a scientific basis for evaluation and guiding Chinese children to make reasonable diet.

Methods: Multistage stratified random sampling method was used to collect data in east China, north China, central China, south China, southwest, northwest and northeast seven areas of each random two provinces, randomly selected from each province one urban survey site and one rural survey site, 28 sites of the 13th Five Year National Science and Technology Basic Resources Survey Project-Chinese children aged 0-18 investigation and application of nutrition and health system in 14 provinces of China. The study included 6413 children aged 6 to 17. Three consecutive 24-hour recalls method combined with weighing were used to collect the information of food intake. According to the food classification in the standard version of the food composition list, the food was divided into cereals, tubers, fresh vegetables, fresh fruits, meat and poultry, fish and shrimp, eggs, milk, etc. , and the intake of various foods was calculated for boys and girls aged 6-8, 9-11, 12-14 and 15-17 in different regions.

Results: Compared with the average daily food intake of children of the same sex and age in the urban and rural, The average daily intake of cereals and tubers for boys aged 9-17, cereals for girls aged 9-17, tubers for girls aged 12-17, and fish and shrimp for boys of edible population aged 15-17 were higher in rural areas than in urban areas. There were differences in the average daily food intake and consumption rate of fresh vegetables, fresh fruits, meat and poultry, eggs and milk of the same sex and age, which were higher in urban than in rural areas(P<0.05). Compared with the average daily food intake of children of the same sex and age in the south and the north, the average daily intake of cereals and eggs for boys aged 9-14, cereals for girls aged 6-8, and fresh fruits for boys and girls of edible population aged 6-17 were higher in the north than in the south. There were differences in average daily intake and consumption rates of tubers, fresh vegetables, meat and poultry, milk and fish and shrimp of the same sex and age, which were higher in the south than in the north(P<0.05). Compared with the average daily food intake of children of the same sex and age in the eastern, central and western regions, the average daily intake of cereals for boys aged 6-14, cereals for girls aged 6-17, fresh fruits for boys and girls of edible population aged 6-17, and fish and shrimp for boys and girls of edible population aged 15-17 were lower in the eastern region than in the central and western regions. The average daily intake of tubers for boys aged 9-11 and 15-17, for girls aged 9-17 were higher in the western regions than the eastern and central regions. T