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Genetically modified organoids for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine 用于组织工程和再生医学的转基因有机体。
IF 15.9 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103337
Qinmeng Zhang, Jin He, Danji Zhu, Yunxuan Chen, Mengdie Fu, Shifan Lu, Yuesheng Qiu, Guodong Zhou, Guoli Yang, Zhiwei Jiang
To date, genetically modified organoids are emerging as a promising 3D modeling tool aimed at solving genetically relevant clinical and biomedical problems for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. As an optimal vehicle for gene delivery, genetically modified organoids can enhance or reduce the expression of target genes through virus and non-virus-based gene transfection methods to achieve tissue regeneration. Animal experiments and preclinical studies have demonstrated the beneficial role of genetically modified organoids in various aspects of organ regeneration, including thymus, lacrimal glands, brain, lung, kidney, photoreceptors, etc. Furthermore, the technology offers a potential treatment option for various diseases, such as Fabry disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and Lynch syndrome. Nevertheless, the uncertain safety of genetic modification, the risk of organoid application, and bionics of current genetically modified organoids are still challenging. This review summarizes the researches on genetically modified organoids in recent years, and describes the transfection methods and functions of genetically modified organoids, then introduced their applications at length. Also, the limitations and future development directions of genetically modified organoids are included.
迄今为止,转基因器官组织正在成为一种前景广阔的三维建模工具,旨在解决再生医学和组织工程中与基因相关的临床和生物医学问题。作为基因递送的最佳载体,转基因器官组织可通过病毒和非病毒基因转染方法增强或减少目标基因的表达,从而实现组织再生。动物实验和临床前研究证明,转基因类器官组织在胸腺、泪腺、脑、肺、肾、光感受器等器官再生的各个方面都发挥着有益的作用。此外,该技术还为法布里病、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎和林奇综合征等多种疾病提供了潜在的治疗方案。然而,转基因的安全性不确定、类器官应用的风险以及目前转基因类器官的仿生学仍面临挑战。本综述总结了近年来对转基因类器官的研究,介绍了转基因类器官的转染方法和功能,并详细介绍了其应用。此外,还介绍了转基因器官组织的局限性和未来的发展方向。
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引用次数: 0
Recent achievements and performance of nanomaterials in microwave absorption and electromagnetic shielding 纳米材料在微波吸收和电磁屏蔽方面的最新成果和性能。
IF 15.9 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103336
Shuai Zhang , Shuye Zhang , Pengyu Zhu , Jiayi Li , Yifei Li , Chenglong Zhou , Qingyang Qiu , Xinyi Jing , Kyung-Wook Paik , Peng He
Due to the swift advancement of the electronic industry and information technology, electromagnetic wave absorption materials are gaining significance in the field of intelligent equipment and weaponry. Nanomaterials were developed to investigate wave absorbing materials that can achieve both impedance matching and attenuation balance. Nanomaterials possess the properties of being thin, lightweight, and capable of absorbing microwave radiation across a wide range of frequencies. This work aims to present a systematic overview of the recent advancements in core-shell materials, specifically carbon, oxide, and sulfide nanomaterials, with regards to their applications in electromagnetic absorption and electromagnetic shielding. This review intends to emphasize the core principles of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and microwave absorption in different systems documented in the literature, along with diverse methods of synthesis and fabrication for creating effective wideband electromagnetic absorbers/shields. Lastly, we also endeavor to offer a comprehensive view and insight into the areas where future research will thrive. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the current advancements in the field of microwave absorption and electromagnetic shielding of nanomaterials.
随着电子工业和信息技术的迅猛发展,电磁波吸收材料在智能设备和武器装备领域的重要性日益凸显。为了研究既能实现阻抗匹配又能达到衰减平衡的吸波材料,人们开发了纳米材料。纳米材料具有薄、轻的特性,并能在很宽的频率范围内吸收微波辐射。本研究旨在系统概述核壳材料,特别是碳、氧化物和硫化物纳米材料在电磁吸收和电磁屏蔽应用方面的最新进展。本综述旨在强调文献中记载的不同系统中电磁干扰(EMI)屏蔽和微波吸收的核心原理,以及制造有效宽带电磁吸收器/屏蔽的各种合成和制造方法。最后,我们还努力对未来研究将蓬勃发展的领域提出全面的看法和见解。本研究全面评估了纳米材料在微波吸收和电磁屏蔽领域的最新进展。
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引用次数: 0
Viscoelastic properties of colloidal systems with attractive solid particles at low concentration: A review, new results and interpretations 低浓度下具有吸引力固体颗粒的胶体系统的粘弹特性:综述、新成果和解释。
IF 15.9 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103335
Philippe Martinoty , Antoni Sánchez-Ferrer
This paper concerns the viscoelastic properties and the resulting structure of colloidal systems with short-range attractions in the regime where the volume fraction f is small. Unlike the high ϕ regime, which is well understood in terms of mode-coupling theory (MCT), the low ϕ regime is still the subject of a debate based on different concepts such as percolation, diffusion-limited colloidal aggregation (DLCA), jamming, or cluster mode-coupling approach. Prior to the analysis of three examples of attractive systems at low ϕ values, a summary of concepts relevant to understanding the formation and properties of such attractive particles is discussed in the present study. Afterwards, we re-analyze the behaviour at a low ϕ of i) suspensions of carbon black (CB) particles, ii) suspensions of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) hard spheres with a depletion attraction induced by the addition of polystyrene (PS), and iii) suspensions of amino acid organogelator molecules which form rod-like objects. The rheological properties of these systems have been studied in detail and their response has been interpreted as being due either to a solid network discussed in relation to the jamming state diagram or to a suspension formed by jamming of clusters. Our analysis shows that these three systems are in fact cluster fluids and that their solid-like response corresponds to a change in their viscoelastic response, the elastic component G' becoming greater than the viscous component G" at low frequencies. Due to the presence of weak interparticle interactions in the tens range from 1 to 15 kBT, a liquid-like state is reversibly achieved at high frequencies, as indicated by the crossover of G' and G" as a function of frequency for a given concentration. Moreover, all these attractive particle systems at low ϕ show for both moduli a master curve which characterizes these cluster fluids and allows for the classification of these attractive particle systems.
本文涉及具有短程吸引力的胶体系统在体积分数 f 很小时的粘弹特性及其结构。与从模态耦合理论(MCT)角度可以很好理解的高ϕ体系不同,低ϕ体系仍然是基于不同概念(如渗流、扩散受限胶体聚集(DLCA)、干扰或群集模态耦合方法)的争论主题。在分析三个低 ϕ 值吸引力系统的实例之前,本研究讨论了与理解此类吸引力粒子的形成和特性相关的概念摘要。随后,我们重新分析了 i) 炭黑(CB)颗粒悬浮液、ii) 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)硬质球悬浮液和 iii) 形成杆状物体的氨基酸有机凝胶分子悬浮液在低 ϕ 值下的行为。我们对这些体系的流变特性进行了详细研究,并将它们的反应解释为与干扰状态图相关的固体网络或由团块干扰形成的悬浮液所致。我们的分析表明,这三个系统实际上是团簇流体,其类似固体的响应与粘弹性响应的变化相对应,在低频下弹性分量 G' 变大,而粘滞分量 G" 变小。由于在 1 到 15 kBT 的几十倍范围内存在微弱的粒子间相互作用,因此在高频率下可逆地达到类似液体的状态,这体现在给定浓度下 G' 和 G "随频率变化而交叉。此外,所有这些具有吸引力的粒子系统在低ϕ条件下的两种模量都显示出一条主曲线,该曲线描述了这些团簇流体的特征,并允许对这些具有吸引力的粒子系统进行分类。
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引用次数: 0
Recent advances in the development and application of curcumin-loaded micro/nanocarriers in food research 在食品研究中开发和应用姜黄素微/纳米载体的最新进展。
IF 15.9 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103333
Guangyi Kan , Lijia Chen , Wenjie Zhang , Qiqi Bian , Xichang Wang , Jian Zhong
The application of curcumin in food science is challenged by its poor water solubility, easy degradation under processing and within the gastrointestinal tract, and poor bioavailability. Micro/nanocarrier is an emerging and efficient platform to overcome these drawbacks. This review focuses on the recent advances in the development and application of curcumin-loaded micro/nanocarriers in food research. The recent development advances of curcumin-loaded micro/nanocarriers could be classified into ten basic systems: emulsions, micelles, dendrimers, hydrogel polymeric particles, polymer nanofibers, polymer inclusion complexes, liposomes, solid lipid particles, structured lipid carriers, and extracellular vesicles. The application advances of curcumin-loaded micro/nanocarriers for food research could be classified into four types: coloring agents, functional active agents, preservation agents, and quality sensors. This review demonstrated that micro/nanocarriers were excellent carriers for the fat-soluble curcumin and the obtained curcumin-loaded micro/nanocarriers had promising application prospects in the field of food science.
姜黄素的水溶性差,在加工过程中和胃肠道内容易降解,生物利用率低,这给姜黄素在食品科学中的应用带来了挑战。微/纳米载体是克服这些缺点的新兴高效平台。本综述重点介绍姜黄素微/纳米载体在食品研究中的开发和应用的最新进展。姜黄素微/纳米载体的最新开发进展可分为十种基本体系:乳液、胶束、树枝状分子、水凝胶聚合物颗粒、聚合物纳米纤维、聚合物包合物、脂质体、固体脂质颗粒、结构脂质载体和细胞外囊泡。姜黄素微/纳米载体在食品研究中的应用进展可分为四类:着色剂、功能活性剂、保鲜剂和质量传感器。综述表明,微/纳米载体是脂溶性姜黄素的优良载体,所获得的姜黄素负载微/纳米载体在食品科学领域具有广阔的应用前景。
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引用次数: 0
Biohybrid nano-platforms manifesting effective cancer therapy: Fabrication, characterization, challenges and clinical perspective 体现有效癌症治疗的生物杂化纳米平台:制造、表征、挑战和临床视角。
IF 15.9 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103331
Mayur Aalhate , Srushti Mahajan , Anish Dhuri, Pankaj Kumar Singh
Nanotechnology-based delivery systems have brought a paradigm shift in the management of cancer. However, the main obstacles to nanocarrier-based delivery are their limited circulation duration, excessive immune clearance, inefficiency in interacting effectively in a biological context and overcoming biological barriers. This demands effective engineering of nanocarriers to achieve maximum efficacy. Nanocarriers can be maneuvered with biological components to acquire biological identity for further regulating their biodistribution and cell-to-cell cross-talk. Thus, the integration of synthetic and biological components to deliver therapeutic cargo is called a biohybrid delivery system. These delivery systems possess the advantage of synthetic nanocarriers, such as high drug loading, engineerable surface, reproducibility, adequate communication and immune evasion ability of biological constituents. The biohybrid delivery vectors offer an excellent opportunity to harness the synergistic properties of the best entities of the two worlds for improved therapeutic outputs. The major spotlights of this review are different biological components, synthetic counterparts of biohybrid nanocarriers, recent advances in hybridization techniques, and the design of biohybrid delivery systems for cancer therapy. Moreover, this review provides an overview of biohybrid systems with therapeutic and diagnostic applications. In a nutshell, this article summarizes the advantages and limitations of various biohybrid nano-platforms, their clinical potential and future directions for successful translation in cancer management.
以纳米技术为基础的给药系统为癌症治疗带来了模式转变。然而,纳米载体给药的主要障碍在于其有限的循环时间、过高的免疫清除率、无法在生物环境中有效互动以及无法克服生物障碍。这就要求对纳米载体进行有效的工程设计,以实现最大疗效。纳米载体可与生物成分结合,获得生物特性,从而进一步调节其生物分布和细胞间的相互作用。因此,将合成成分与生物成分结合起来输送治疗药物的方法被称为生物混合输送系统。这些递送系统具有合成纳米载体的优势,如药物负载量高、表面可工程化、可重复性、生物成分的充分交流和免疫逃避能力。生物杂交给药载体提供了一个极好的机会,利用两个世界最佳实体的协同特性来提高治疗效果。本综述的主要亮点是不同的生物成分、生物杂交纳米载体的合成对应物、杂交技术的最新进展以及用于癌症治疗的生物杂交给药系统的设计。此外,本综述还概述了生物杂交系统在治疗和诊断方面的应用。总之,本文总结了各种生物杂化纳米平台的优势和局限性、其临床潜力以及成功应用于癌症治疗的未来方向。
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引用次数: 0
Cellulose-based functional textiles through surface nano-engineering with MXene and MXene-based composites 通过使用 MXene 和 MXene 基复合材料进行表面纳米工程实现纤维素基功能纺织品。
IF 15.9 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103332
Wensi Jiang , Farzad Seidi , Yuqian Liu , Chengcheng Li , Yang Huang , Huining Xiao
The emergence of smart textiles with the ability to regulate body temperature, monitor human motion, exhibit antibacterial properties, sound fire alarms, and offer fire resistance has sparked considerable interest in recently. MXene displays remarkable attributes like high metallic conductivity, electromagnetic shielding capability, and photothermal/electrothermal properties. Furthermore, due to the highly polar surface groups, MXene nanosheets show exceptional hydrophilic properties and are able to establish strong connections with the polar surfaces of natural fabrics. This review focuses on the most recent developments in altering the surface of cellulosic textiles with MXene and MXene-based composites. The combination of MXene with other modifier agents, such as phosphorous compounds, graphene, carbon nanotube, conductive polymers, antibacterial macromolecules, superhydrophobic polymers, and metal or metal oxide nanoparticles, imparts diverse functionalities to textiles, such as self-cleaning and fire resistance. Moreover, the synergistic effects between these modifier agents with MXenes can improve MXene-related properties like antibacterial, photothermal, electrothermal, and motion- and fire-sensing characteristics.
智能纺织品具有调节体温、监测人体运动、抗菌、发出火警警报和防火等功能,最近的出现引发了人们的极大兴趣。MXene 具有高金属导电性、电磁屏蔽能力和光热/电热特性等显著特征。此外,由于具有高极性表面基团,MXene 纳米片材显示出卓越的亲水性能,能够与天然织物的极性表面建立牢固的连接。本综述重点介绍用 MXene 和 MXene 基复合材料改变纤维素纺织品表面的最新进展。MXene 与其他改性剂(如磷化合物、石墨烯、碳纳米管、导电聚合物、抗菌大分子、超疏水性聚合物以及金属或金属氧化物纳米颗粒)的结合可赋予纺织品多种功能,如自清洁和耐火性。此外,这些改性剂与二氧化锡之间的协同效应可改善二氧化锡的相关特性,如抗菌、光热、电热以及运动和火感应特性。
{"title":"Cellulose-based functional textiles through surface nano-engineering with MXene and MXene-based composites","authors":"Wensi Jiang ,&nbsp;Farzad Seidi ,&nbsp;Yuqian Liu ,&nbsp;Chengcheng Li ,&nbsp;Yang Huang ,&nbsp;Huining Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.cis.2024.103332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cis.2024.103332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emergence of smart textiles with the ability to regulate body temperature, monitor human motion, exhibit antibacterial properties, sound fire alarms, and offer fire resistance has sparked considerable interest in recently. MXene displays remarkable attributes like high metallic conductivity, electromagnetic shielding capability, and photothermal/electrothermal properties. Furthermore, due to the highly polar surface groups, MXene nanosheets show exceptional hydrophilic properties and are able to establish strong connections with the polar surfaces of natural fabrics. This review focuses on the most recent developments in altering the surface of cellulosic textiles with MXene and MXene-based composites. The combination of MXene with other modifier agents, such as phosphorous compounds, graphene, carbon nanotube, conductive polymers, antibacterial macromolecules, superhydrophobic polymers, and metal or metal oxide nanoparticles, imparts diverse functionalities to textiles, such as self-cleaning and fire resistance. Moreover, the synergistic effects between these modifier agents with MXenes can improve MXene-related properties like antibacterial, photothermal, electrothermal, and motion- and fire-sensing characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":239,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Colloid and Interface Science","volume":"335 ","pages":"Article 103332"},"PeriodicalIF":15.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recent progress and current status of surface engineered magnetic nanostructures in cancer theranostics 表面工程磁性纳米结构在癌症治疗中的最新进展和现状。
IF 15.9 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103320
Bijaideep Dutta , K.C. Barick , P.A. Hassan , A.K. Tyagi
Cancer theranostic is the combination of diagnosis and therapeutic modalities for cancer treatment. It realizes a more flexible, precise and non-invasive treatment of patients. In this aspect, magnetic nanostructures (MNSs) have gained paramount importance and revolutionized the cancer management due to their unique physicochemical properties and inherent magnetic characteristics. MNSs have amazing theranostic ability starting from drug delivery to magnetic hyperthermia and magnetic resonance imaging to multimodal imaging in association with radioisotopes or fluorescent probes. Precise regulation over the synthetic process and their consequent surface functionalization makes them even more fascinating. The ultimate goal is to develop a platform that combines multiple diagnostic and therapeutic functionalities based on MNSs. This perspective has provided an overview of the state-of-art of theranostic applications of MNSs. Special emphasis has been dedicated towards the importance of synthetic approaches of MNSs as well as their subsequent surface engineering and integration with biological/therapeutic molecules that decide the final outcomes of the efficacy of MNSs in theranostic applications. Moreover, the recent advancements, opportunities and allied challenges towards clinical applications of MNSs in cancer management have been demonstrated.
癌症疗法是将诊断和治疗方式相结合的癌症治疗方法。它能对病人进行更灵活、精确和无创的治疗。在这方面,磁性纳米结构(MNSs)因其独特的物理化学特性和固有的磁性特征,在癌症治疗领域获得了极其重要的地位并带来了革命性的变化。磁性纳米结构具有惊人的治疗能力,从药物递送到磁热疗,从磁共振成像到与放射性同位素或荧光探针结合的多模式成像。对合成过程的精确调控以及随之而来的表面功能化使它们更加迷人。我们的最终目标是开发一个基于 MNS 的平台,将多种诊断和治疗功能结合起来。本视角概述了 MNS 治疗应用的最新进展。其中特别强调了 MNS 合成方法的重要性,以及随后的表面工程和与生物/治疗分子的整合,这决定了 MNS 在治疗学应用中的最终疗效。此外,还展示了 MNS 在癌症治疗中临床应用的最新进展、机遇和相关挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Nanomaterial surface modification toolkit: Principles, components, recipes, and applications 纳米材料表面改性工具包:原理、组件、配方和应用。
IF 15.6 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103035
Sümeyra Vural Kaymaz , Hediyeh Malekzadsani Nobar , Hasan Sarıgül , Caner Soylukan , Lalehan Akyüz , Meral Yüce

Surface-functionalized nanostructures are at the forefront of biotechnology, providing new opportunities for biosensors, drug delivery, therapy, and bioimaging applications. The modification of nanostructures significantly impacts the performance and success of various applications by enabling selective and precise targeting. This review elucidates widely practiced surface modification strategies, including click chemistry, cross-coupling, silanization, aldehyde linkers, active ester chemistry, maleimide chemistry, epoxy linkers, and other protein and DNA-based methodologies. We also delve into the application-focused landscape of the nano-bio interface, emphasizing four key domains: therapeutics, biosensing, environmental monitoring, and point-of-care technologies, by highlighting prominent studies. The insights presented herein pave the way for further innovations at the intersection of nanotechnology and biotechnology, providing a useful handbook for beginners and professionals. The review draws on various sources, including the latest research articles (2018-2023), to provide a comprehensive overview of the field.

表面功能化纳米结构处于生物技术的前沿,为生物传感器、药物递送、治疗和生物成像应用提供了新的机会。纳米结构的修饰通过实现选择性和精确的靶向,显著影响各种应用的性能和成功。这篇综述阐述了广泛应用的表面修饰策略,包括点击化学、交叉偶联、硅烷化、醛连接体、活性酯化学、马来酰亚胺化学、环氧连接体以及其他基于蛋白质和DNA的方法。我们还深入研究了纳米生物界面的应用前景,通过突出突出突出的研究,强调了四个关键领域:治疗学、生物传感、环境监测和护理点技术。本文提出的见解为纳米技术和生物技术交叉点的进一步创新铺平了道路,为初学者和专业人士提供了有用的手册。该综述利用了各种来源,包括最新的研究文章(2018-2023),对该领域进行了全面概述。
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引用次数: 0
Assembled one-dimensional nanowires for flexible electronic devices via printing and coating: Techniques, applications, and perspectives 通过印刷和涂层组装用于柔性电子设备的一维纳米线:技术、应用和前景。
IF 15.6 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102987
Xin Xu , Pan Xue , Meng Gao , Yibin Li , Zijun Xu , Yu Wei , Zhengjian Zhang , Yang Liu , Lei Wang , Hongbin Liu , Bowen Cheng

The rapid progress in flexible electronic devices has necessitated continual research into nanomaterials, structural design, and fabrication processes. One-dimensional nanowires, characterized by their distinct structures and exceptional properties, are considered essential components for various flexible electronic devices. Considerable attention has been directed toward the assembly of nanowires, which presents significant advantages. Printing and coating techniques can be used to assemble nanowires in a relatively simple, efficient, and cost-competitive manner and exhibit potential for scale-up production in the foreseeable future. This review aims to provide an overview of nanowire assembly using printing and coating techniques, such as bar coating, spray coating, dip coating, blade coating, 3D printing, and so forth. The application of assembled nanowires in flexible electronic devices is subsequently discussed. Finally, further discussion is presented on the potential and challenges of flexible electronic devices based on assembled nanowires via printing and coating.

柔性电子器件的快速发展要求对纳米材料、结构设计和制造工艺进行持续研究。一维纳米线以其独特的结构和优异的性能为特征,被认为是各种柔性电子设备的重要组成部分。纳米线的组装已经引起了相当大的关注,这具有显著的优势。印刷和涂层技术可用于以相对简单、高效和具有成本竞争力的方式组装纳米线,并在可预见的未来显示出扩大生产的潜力。这篇综述旨在概述使用印刷和涂层技术的纳米线组装,如棒涂、喷涂、浸涂、刮刀涂、3D打印等。随后讨论了组装纳米线在柔性电子器件中的应用。最后,进一步讨论了基于印刷和涂层组装纳米线的柔性电子器件的潜力和挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Monolayers of amino acid-type amphiphiles 氨基酸型两亲物的单层。
IF 15.6 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103001
D. Vollhardt , G. Brezesinski , R. Rudert
<div><p><span>The monolayer characteristics of selected N-alkanoyl substituted α-amino acid are studied with the objective to demonstrate the specific effect of the chemical structure of the polar head group which is highlighted with the D- and L-enantiomers of the following selected examples: R-alanine, R-serine, R-threonine, R-allo-threonine, and R-aspartic acid (R = C</span><sub>16</sub>, C<sub>18</sub><span>). The thermodynamic effect of the head group variation is studied. Experimental π-A isotherms of the N-tetradecyl-L-alanine monolayers show similar behavior as those of usual amphiphiles. The -CH</span><sub>3</sub>-group in R-alanine with the simplest head group structure is substituted by a -CH<sub>2</sub><span>-OH group in R-serine and serine methylester and by a -CH- CH</span><sub>3</sub><span><span>-OH group in R-threonine (or allo-threonine) and threonine methylester. The introduction of the </span>methyl group<span> in 3-position of serine (serine to 3-methyl-serine = threonine) shifts the characteristic temperatures by >20 K to lower values determined for N-C16-D</span></span><span>l</span>-serine. The formation of the corresponding methylester decreases these temperatures by 15 K for serine with the shorter (C16) alkyl chain and only by ∼5 K for threonine with the longer chain (C18). The π–A curves of the enantiomeric and racemic allo-forms show similar features to those of N-stearoyl-threonine. The absolute T<sub>0</sub>-values (disappearance of the LE/LC-transition) are 4–5 K larger compared with the corresponding N-stearoyl-threonines, but the ΔT<sub>0</sub> between the enantiomeric (D) and the racemic (DL) forms is only slightly larger than that of N-stearoyl-threonine.</p><p><span>Monolayers of different N-alkanoyl substituted α-amino acid amphiphiles have been mesoscopically characterized. Substantial topological differences are observable at the condensed phase domains of several amino acid amphiphiles, such as, N-palmitoyl </span>aspartic acid<span><span>, N-palmitoyl- or N-stearoyl serine methyl ester, N-stearoyltyrosine, N-palmitoyl or N-myristoyl </span>alanine. Many fascinating domain shapes are found, but always the curvatures of the two enantiomeric forms are directed in an opposite sense. The domain shape of the 1:1 racemic mixtures is usually different, but very often oppositely curved texture elements are observable.</span></p><p><span>GIXD is used to study the characteristic features of the lattice structure of condensed monolayer phases on the Angstrom scale. Specific for all structures is the large tilt angle with respect to the surface normal, which decreases only marginally by compression. The large size of the head groups and strong interactions between them dominate the monolayer structure. As presented for N</span><img>C16<img> and N-C18-threonine, N-C16-DL -serine, N-C16-L -serine, N<img>C16<img> DL -serine-ME, N<img>C16<img> L -serine-ME, N<img>C18<img> DL -threonine-ME, and N<img>C18<img><span><span>
研究了所选N-烷酰基取代的α-氨基酸的单层特性,目的是证明极性头部基团的化学结构的特定影响,以下所选实例的D-和L-对映体突出了这一点:R-丙氨酸、R-丝氨酸、R-苏氨酸、R-全融和R-天冬氨酸(R=C16,C18)。研究了头群变化的热力学效应。N-十四烷基-L-丙氨酸单层的实验π-A等温线显示出与普通两亲物相似的行为。具有最简单头基结构的R-丙氨酸中的-CH3基团被R-丝氨酸和丝氨酸甲酯中的-CH2-OH基团以及被R-苏氨酸(或异苏氨酸)和苏氨酸甲酯中的-CH3-OH基团取代。在丝氨酸的3-位引入甲基(丝氨酸到3-甲基丝氨酸=苏氨酸)将特征温度移动>20K,以降低N-C16-D1丝氨酸的测定值。相应甲酯的形成使具有较短(C16)烷基链的丝氨酸的温度降低了15K,而具有较长链(C18)的苏氨酸的温度仅降低了~5K。对映体和外消旋异构体的π-A曲线显示出与N-硬脂酰-苏氨酸相似的特征。与相应的N-硬脂酰-苏氨酸相比,绝对T0值(LE/LC转变的消失)大4-5K,但对映体(D)和外消旋体(DL)形式之间的ΔT0仅略大于N-硬脂酰基-苏氨酸。对不同N-烷酰基取代的α-氨基酸两亲物的单层进行了介观表征。在几种氨基酸两亲物的缩合相结构域处可观察到显著的拓扑差异,例如N-棕榈酰基天冬氨酸、N-棕榈酰基或N-硬脂酰基丝氨酸甲酯、N-硬脂酰基酪氨酸、N-棕榈酰或N-肉豆蔻酰基丙氨酸。发现了许多迷人的结构域形状,但这两种对映体形式的曲率总是指向相反的方向。1:1外消旋混合物的域形状通常不同,但通常可以观察到相反弯曲的纹理元素。利用GIXD研究了凝聚单层相在埃尺度上的晶格结构特征。所有结构的具体情况是相对于表面法线的大倾角,其仅通过压缩而略微减小。头群的大尺寸和它们之间的强相互作用主导了单层结构。如NC16和N-C18-丝氨酸、N-C16-DL-丝氨酸、N-C16-L-丝氨酸、NC16 DL-丝氨酸ME、NC16 L-丝氨酸ME、NC 18 DL-苏氨酸ME和NC18 L-苏氨酸ME所示,对映体形成倾斜晶格结构(3个衍射峰),而外消旋体形成NNN倾斜正交结构时观察到两个峰。提出了N-硬脂酰-苏氨酸的D-和L-对映体的混合单层的完整相图,该单层具有两个共晶点,分别为xD≈0.25和xD≈0.75。应用量子化学半经验PM3方法计算了空气/水界面链中N=8-17个碳原子的N-烷酰基取代丙氨酸在有限和无限团簇中团簇化的热力学和结构参数,目的是对实验结果进行新的理论验证。
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引用次数: 1
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Advances in Colloid and Interface Science
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