Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15678/znuek.2023.1000.0201
Łukasz Markowski
Objective : To assess the similarity of the economic structures of Central and Eastern Europe countries within the European Union. Research Design & Methods : The study was conducted with the use of an hierarchical cluster analysis for the years 2004 and 2019. Findings : The research uncovered signs of both divergence and convergence. On the one hand, attention should be paid to the increased diversification of economic sub-sectors, a fairly clear division of all EU members into two blocks of countries (old countries and CEE countries) or small but positive changes in the average gross value added in economic sub-sectors in the countries. At the same time, the Euclidean distances between the CEE countries and the “model” structure consisting of 12 euro area countries have decreased, which indicates convergence. However, comparing the situation of all CEE countries, it cannot be unequivocally stated that the adoption of the euro had a noticeable impact on the convergence of the economic structure of a given country with the structure of the old EU countries that formed this group. However, this remains a partial assessment of real convergence and it is not definitive. Implications / Recommendations : Based on the conducted research, it is difficult to formulate definitive conclusions. The similarity of gross value added structures within the EU reflects various processes and phenomena taking place in economies that are characterised by both convergence and divergence tendencies (labour productivity, wage level, consumption, savings, situation on the labour market, investment inflow, foreign trade, synchronisation of business cycles). This is why participation in the common market and monetary union must be supported by institutional and regulatory reforms. All the observed divergence aspects are a premise for reconsidering economic policies that should foster the convergence of the GDP structures of the CEE countries. The impulse associated with the process of European integration could shape different development trajectories for individual countries. Contribution : The research presented makes it possible to assess the convergence of the CEE countries. This is a very important issue in the context of new challenges for EU economies, such as the effects of the pandemic and war in Ukraine, and in view of the inadequacy of the official convergence criteria to the macroeconomic reality.
{"title":"Konwergencja struktur gospodarczych krajów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej w ramach Unii Europejskiej","authors":"Łukasz Markowski","doi":"10.15678/znuek.2023.1000.0201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15678/znuek.2023.1000.0201","url":null,"abstract":"Objective : To assess the similarity of the economic structures of Central and Eastern Europe countries within the European Union. Research Design & Methods : The study was conducted with the use of an hierarchical cluster analysis for the years 2004 and 2019. Findings : The research uncovered signs of both divergence and convergence. On the one hand, attention should be paid to the increased diversification of economic sub-sectors, a fairly clear division of all EU members into two blocks of countries (old countries and CEE countries) or small but positive changes in the average gross value added in economic sub-sectors in the countries. At the same time, the Euclidean distances between the CEE countries and the “model” structure consisting of 12 euro area countries have decreased, which indicates convergence. However, comparing the situation of all CEE countries, it cannot be unequivocally stated that the adoption of the euro had a noticeable impact on the convergence of the economic structure of a given country with the structure of the old EU countries that formed this group. However, this remains a partial assessment of real convergence and it is not definitive. Implications / Recommendations : Based on the conducted research, it is difficult to formulate definitive conclusions. The similarity of gross value added structures within the EU reflects various processes and phenomena taking place in economies that are characterised by both convergence and divergence tendencies (labour productivity, wage level, consumption, savings, situation on the labour market, investment inflow, foreign trade, synchronisation of business cycles). This is why participation in the common market and monetary union must be supported by institutional and regulatory reforms. All the observed divergence aspects are a premise for reconsidering economic policies that should foster the convergence of the GDP structures of the CEE countries. The impulse associated with the process of European integration could shape different development trajectories for individual countries. Contribution : The research presented makes it possible to assess the convergence of the CEE countries. This is a very important issue in the context of new challenges for EU economies, such as the effects of the pandemic and war in Ukraine, and in view of the inadequacy of the official convergence criteria to the macroeconomic reality.","PeriodicalId":23940,"journal":{"name":"Zeszyty Naukowe KUL","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135495054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15678/znuek.2023.1000.0202
Łukasz Brzezicki, Artur Prędki
Objective: The purpose of this paper is to measure and assess the efficiency of research institutes in Poland. The institutes operate on the basis of various legal frameworks, but they serve a common purpose and have a joint area of activity, research and development. Research Design & Methods: We used the SBM model, a component of the non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology, to analyse the efficiency of research institutes in 2019. The Metafrontier approach was also employed to verify whether the above different legal framework had an impact on the functioning of the entities under analysis. Findings: Histograms of the efficiency measure indicate a large dispersion of its value. In particular, a significant fraction of units is characterised by extremely high values of this measure. Average MTRs, calculated using the Metafrontier approach, are mostly significantly lower than one. Implications / Recommendations: The obtained results indicate that groups of institutes with different legal framework function differently. Moreover, a large proportion of the objects analysed is characterised by significant inefficiency within the area of R&D. The paper lists the potential reasons, which will be the object of further, in-depth research. Contribution: The research constitutes a preliminary attempt to analyse and evaluate the efficiency of research institutes in Poland after the introduction of the last reform of the science and higher education system in 2018, as such studies have not been carried out to date. It is also essential to use the Metafrontier approach within the DEA methodology in order to model differences in the functioning of three different groups of research institutes in Poland.
{"title":"An Estimation of the Efficiency of Public Research Institutes in Poland: The DEA Approach","authors":"Łukasz Brzezicki, Artur Prędki","doi":"10.15678/znuek.2023.1000.0202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15678/znuek.2023.1000.0202","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The purpose of this paper is to measure and assess the efficiency of research institutes in Poland. The institutes operate on the basis of various legal frameworks, but they serve a common purpose and have a joint area of activity, research and development. Research Design & Methods: We used the SBM model, a component of the non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology, to analyse the efficiency of research institutes in 2019. The Metafrontier approach was also employed to verify whether the above different legal framework had an impact on the functioning of the entities under analysis. Findings: Histograms of the efficiency measure indicate a large dispersion of its value. In particular, a significant fraction of units is characterised by extremely high values of this measure. Average MTRs, calculated using the Metafrontier approach, are mostly significantly lower than one. Implications / Recommendations: The obtained results indicate that groups of institutes with different legal framework function differently. Moreover, a large proportion of the objects analysed is characterised by significant inefficiency within the area of R&D. The paper lists the potential reasons, which will be the object of further, in-depth research. Contribution: The research constitutes a preliminary attempt to analyse and evaluate the efficiency of research institutes in Poland after the introduction of the last reform of the science and higher education system in 2018, as such studies have not been carried out to date. It is also essential to use the Metafrontier approach within the DEA methodology in order to model differences in the functioning of three different groups of research institutes in Poland.","PeriodicalId":23940,"journal":{"name":"Zeszyty Naukowe KUL","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135495057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15678/znuek.2023.1000.0204
Grzegorz Wojtkowiak
Objective: This article discusses how the effectiveness of remote work has developed and differences in how it is assessed by employees and managers. Two research questions are asked: 1) How do employees assess the impact of remote work tools on various aspects of operation? and 2) How do managers perceive and approach employee attitudes and opinions in this area? Research Design & Methods : Computed-Assisted Web Interviews (CAWI) were conducted with 500 respondents (employees of companies with international capital). The results were then discussed (interviews) with 14 middle and senior managers. Findings: Employees believed the technology and tools available had the most significant positive impact on innovation and organisation. In contrast, aspects related to communication and relationships had the lowest impact. Although manager’s comments related to the effectiveness scores were divided, they did not contradict one another. Implications / Recommendations: Based on the research, an attempt was made to distinguish key variables for managers. They include: work programming (rules, principles, control, KPIs), ensuring autonomy (freedom in organising work and decision-making, ensuring trust), maintaining relationships (including effective communication) and one’s own skills. Contribution: It is important to understand that there are differences in how employees and managers perceive effectiveness and task performance efficiency. Managers’ awareness of their employees’ opinions is vital, as the interviews show.
{"title":"The Development of the Effectiveness of Remote Work as Perceived by Employees and Managers","authors":"Grzegorz Wojtkowiak","doi":"10.15678/znuek.2023.1000.0204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15678/znuek.2023.1000.0204","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This article discusses how the effectiveness of remote work has developed and differences in how it is assessed by employees and managers. Two research questions are asked: 1) How do employees assess the impact of remote work tools on various aspects of operation? and 2) How do managers perceive and approach employee attitudes and opinions in this area? Research Design & Methods : Computed-Assisted Web Interviews (CAWI) were conducted with 500 respondents (employees of companies with international capital). The results were then discussed (interviews) with 14 middle and senior managers. Findings: Employees believed the technology and tools available had the most significant positive impact on innovation and organisation. In contrast, aspects related to communication and relationships had the lowest impact. Although manager’s comments related to the effectiveness scores were divided, they did not contradict one another. Implications / Recommendations: Based on the research, an attempt was made to distinguish key variables for managers. They include: work programming (rules, principles, control, KPIs), ensuring autonomy (freedom in organising work and decision-making, ensuring trust), maintaining relationships (including effective communication) and one’s own skills. Contribution: It is important to understand that there are differences in how employees and managers perceive effectiveness and task performance efficiency. Managers’ awareness of their employees’ opinions is vital, as the interviews show.","PeriodicalId":23940,"journal":{"name":"Zeszyty Naukowe KUL","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135495061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.29119/1641-3466.2023.177.29
Marzena PYTEL-KOPCZYŃSKA, Rafał NIEDBAŁ
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of new technology like Artificial
{"title":"Heterogenic impact of artificial intelligence on work and professional stability","authors":"Marzena PYTEL-KOPCZYŃSKA, Rafał NIEDBAŁ","doi":"10.29119/1641-3466.2023.177.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2023.177.29","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of new technology like Artificial","PeriodicalId":23940,"journal":{"name":"Zeszyty Naukowe KUL","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136303626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.29119/1641-3466.2023.177.23
Katarzyna ŁAZORKO
{"title":"Employer branding in small and medium enterprises – local entrepreneurs’ perspective","authors":"Katarzyna ŁAZORKO","doi":"10.29119/1641-3466.2023.177.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2023.177.23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23940,"journal":{"name":"Zeszyty Naukowe KUL","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136303627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.29119/1641-3466.2023.177.11
Małgorzata GAJOWIAK
Purpose: The main aim is to present the results of research taken in small and medium-sized
{"title":"Corporate social responsibility in the context of demographic crisis. Chosen results of the empirical study on the SME’s","authors":"Małgorzata GAJOWIAK","doi":"10.29119/1641-3466.2023.177.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2023.177.11","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The main aim is to present the results of research taken in small and medium-sized","PeriodicalId":23940,"journal":{"name":"Zeszyty Naukowe KUL","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136305148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.29119/1641-3466.2023.177.18
Agnieszka KOWALSKA-STYCZEŃ, Adam SOJDA, Maciej WOLNY
{"title":"Application of the known sub-sequence algorithm to select the imputation method for time series of electric energy consumption","authors":"Agnieszka KOWALSKA-STYCZEŃ, Adam SOJDA, Maciej WOLNY","doi":"10.29119/1641-3466.2023.177.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2023.177.18","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23940,"journal":{"name":"Zeszyty Naukowe KUL","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136305343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.29119/1641-3466.2023.176.8
Anna Grobelna, Barbara Wasilewska
{"title":"Evaluation of A3 tool in the production process","authors":"Anna Grobelna, Barbara Wasilewska","doi":"10.29119/1641-3466.2023.176.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2023.176.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23940,"journal":{"name":"Zeszyty Naukowe KUL","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135402311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.29119/1641-3466.2023.176.10
Zdzisław Jedynak
{"title":"Determinants of the choice of petrol stations by micro and small road transport enterprises in the Podkarpackie voivodeship","authors":"Zdzisław Jedynak","doi":"10.29119/1641-3466.2023.176.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2023.176.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23940,"journal":{"name":"Zeszyty Naukowe KUL","volume":"236 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135402327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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