Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.29119/1641-3466.2023.176.30
Krzysztof RUDZIŃSKI
{"title":"Pro-environmental communication activities of paper and plastic packaging producers. Evidence from Poland","authors":"Krzysztof RUDZIŃSKI","doi":"10.29119/1641-3466.2023.176.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2023.176.30","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23940,"journal":{"name":"Zeszyty Naukowe KUL","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135404032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.29119/1641-3466.2023.176.2
Michał Bartnicki
{"title":"Model of data of the settlement of costs of public transport operating on the territory of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union","authors":"Michał Bartnicki","doi":"10.29119/1641-3466.2023.176.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2023.176.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23940,"journal":{"name":"Zeszyty Naukowe KUL","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135404346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15678/znuek.2023.1000.0201
Łukasz Markowski
Objective : To assess the similarity of the economic structures of Central and Eastern Europe countries within the European Union. Research Design & Methods : The study was conducted with the use of an hierarchical cluster analysis for the years 2004 and 2019. Findings : The research uncovered signs of both divergence and convergence. On the one hand, attention should be paid to the increased diversification of economic sub-sectors, a fairly clear division of all EU members into two blocks of countries (old countries and CEE countries) or small but positive changes in the average gross value added in economic sub-sectors in the countries. At the same time, the Euclidean distances between the CEE countries and the “model” structure consisting of 12 euro area countries have decreased, which indicates convergence. However, comparing the situation of all CEE countries, it cannot be unequivocally stated that the adoption of the euro had a noticeable impact on the convergence of the economic structure of a given country with the structure of the old EU countries that formed this group. However, this remains a partial assessment of real convergence and it is not definitive. Implications / Recommendations : Based on the conducted research, it is difficult to formulate definitive conclusions. The similarity of gross value added structures within the EU reflects various processes and phenomena taking place in economies that are characterised by both convergence and divergence tendencies (labour productivity, wage level, consumption, savings, situation on the labour market, investment inflow, foreign trade, synchronisation of business cycles). This is why participation in the common market and monetary union must be supported by institutional and regulatory reforms. All the observed divergence aspects are a premise for reconsidering economic policies that should foster the convergence of the GDP structures of the CEE countries. The impulse associated with the process of European integration could shape different development trajectories for individual countries. Contribution : The research presented makes it possible to assess the convergence of the CEE countries. This is a very important issue in the context of new challenges for EU economies, such as the effects of the pandemic and war in Ukraine, and in view of the inadequacy of the official convergence criteria to the macroeconomic reality.
{"title":"Konwergencja struktur gospodarczych krajów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej w ramach Unii Europejskiej","authors":"Łukasz Markowski","doi":"10.15678/znuek.2023.1000.0201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15678/znuek.2023.1000.0201","url":null,"abstract":"Objective : To assess the similarity of the economic structures of Central and Eastern Europe countries within the European Union. Research Design & Methods : The study was conducted with the use of an hierarchical cluster analysis for the years 2004 and 2019. Findings : The research uncovered signs of both divergence and convergence. On the one hand, attention should be paid to the increased diversification of economic sub-sectors, a fairly clear division of all EU members into two blocks of countries (old countries and CEE countries) or small but positive changes in the average gross value added in economic sub-sectors in the countries. At the same time, the Euclidean distances between the CEE countries and the “model” structure consisting of 12 euro area countries have decreased, which indicates convergence. However, comparing the situation of all CEE countries, it cannot be unequivocally stated that the adoption of the euro had a noticeable impact on the convergence of the economic structure of a given country with the structure of the old EU countries that formed this group. However, this remains a partial assessment of real convergence and it is not definitive. Implications / Recommendations : Based on the conducted research, it is difficult to formulate definitive conclusions. The similarity of gross value added structures within the EU reflects various processes and phenomena taking place in economies that are characterised by both convergence and divergence tendencies (labour productivity, wage level, consumption, savings, situation on the labour market, investment inflow, foreign trade, synchronisation of business cycles). This is why participation in the common market and monetary union must be supported by institutional and regulatory reforms. All the observed divergence aspects are a premise for reconsidering economic policies that should foster the convergence of the GDP structures of the CEE countries. The impulse associated with the process of European integration could shape different development trajectories for individual countries. Contribution : The research presented makes it possible to assess the convergence of the CEE countries. This is a very important issue in the context of new challenges for EU economies, such as the effects of the pandemic and war in Ukraine, and in view of the inadequacy of the official convergence criteria to the macroeconomic reality.","PeriodicalId":23940,"journal":{"name":"Zeszyty Naukowe KUL","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135495054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15678/znuek.2023.1000.0202
Łukasz Brzezicki, Artur Prędki
Objective: The purpose of this paper is to measure and assess the efficiency of research institutes in Poland. The institutes operate on the basis of various legal frameworks, but they serve a common purpose and have a joint area of activity, research and development. Research Design & Methods: We used the SBM model, a component of the non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology, to analyse the efficiency of research institutes in 2019. The Metafrontier approach was also employed to verify whether the above different legal framework had an impact on the functioning of the entities under analysis. Findings: Histograms of the efficiency measure indicate a large dispersion of its value. In particular, a significant fraction of units is characterised by extremely high values of this measure. Average MTRs, calculated using the Metafrontier approach, are mostly significantly lower than one. Implications / Recommendations: The obtained results indicate that groups of institutes with different legal framework function differently. Moreover, a large proportion of the objects analysed is characterised by significant inefficiency within the area of R&D. The paper lists the potential reasons, which will be the object of further, in-depth research. Contribution: The research constitutes a preliminary attempt to analyse and evaluate the efficiency of research institutes in Poland after the introduction of the last reform of the science and higher education system in 2018, as such studies have not been carried out to date. It is also essential to use the Metafrontier approach within the DEA methodology in order to model differences in the functioning of three different groups of research institutes in Poland.
{"title":"An Estimation of the Efficiency of Public Research Institutes in Poland: The DEA Approach","authors":"Łukasz Brzezicki, Artur Prędki","doi":"10.15678/znuek.2023.1000.0202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15678/znuek.2023.1000.0202","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The purpose of this paper is to measure and assess the efficiency of research institutes in Poland. The institutes operate on the basis of various legal frameworks, but they serve a common purpose and have a joint area of activity, research and development. Research Design & Methods: We used the SBM model, a component of the non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology, to analyse the efficiency of research institutes in 2019. The Metafrontier approach was also employed to verify whether the above different legal framework had an impact on the functioning of the entities under analysis. Findings: Histograms of the efficiency measure indicate a large dispersion of its value. In particular, a significant fraction of units is characterised by extremely high values of this measure. Average MTRs, calculated using the Metafrontier approach, are mostly significantly lower than one. Implications / Recommendations: The obtained results indicate that groups of institutes with different legal framework function differently. Moreover, a large proportion of the objects analysed is characterised by significant inefficiency within the area of R&D. The paper lists the potential reasons, which will be the object of further, in-depth research. Contribution: The research constitutes a preliminary attempt to analyse and evaluate the efficiency of research institutes in Poland after the introduction of the last reform of the science and higher education system in 2018, as such studies have not been carried out to date. It is also essential to use the Metafrontier approach within the DEA methodology in order to model differences in the functioning of three different groups of research institutes in Poland.","PeriodicalId":23940,"journal":{"name":"Zeszyty Naukowe KUL","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135495057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.29119/1641-3466.2023.178.38
Daniel Tokarski, Dorota Wolak
Purpose: The aim of the study is to retain young customers shopping online. The subject of the study concerns the area related to management and optimization of management during online logistics and marketing purchases. Design/methodology/approach: E-commerce has been steadily gaining more and more supporters in recent years. The Covid-19 pandemic and the restrictions introduced in stationary trade were of particular importance for online shopping. The role of logistic customer service and the impact of online advertising on purchasing decisions were examined. Survey research is the most popular method of social research, therefore, in order to obtain data necessary to achieve the goal of the work, a research tool was used, which is a survey questionnaire. Findings: A detailed analysis concerned the impact of online advertising on the purchasing decisions of young consumers. It is an inseparable element of using network resources and allows you to reach a very wide audience - Internet users. It is this type of advertising that has the greatest impact on consumers, which is related to the constantly growing number of people using the Internet. Originality/value: The publication covers the subject of impact of logistics and marketing customer service on e-commerce. Combining interdisciplinary research in the areas of management and quality science with economics and finance. Keywords: e-commerce, logistic customer service, internet marketing. Category of the paper: research paper.
{"title":"The impact of logistics and marketing customer service on e-commerce","authors":"Daniel Tokarski, Dorota Wolak","doi":"10.29119/1641-3466.2023.178.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2023.178.38","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of the study is to retain young customers shopping online. The subject of the study concerns the area related to management and optimization of management during online logistics and marketing purchases. Design/methodology/approach: E-commerce has been steadily gaining more and more supporters in recent years. The Covid-19 pandemic and the restrictions introduced in stationary trade were of particular importance for online shopping. The role of logistic customer service and the impact of online advertising on purchasing decisions were examined. Survey research is the most popular method of social research, therefore, in order to obtain data necessary to achieve the goal of the work, a research tool was used, which is a survey questionnaire. Findings: A detailed analysis concerned the impact of online advertising on the purchasing decisions of young consumers. It is an inseparable element of using network resources and allows you to reach a very wide audience - Internet users. It is this type of advertising that has the greatest impact on consumers, which is related to the constantly growing number of people using the Internet. Originality/value: The publication covers the subject of impact of logistics and marketing customer service on e-commerce. Combining interdisciplinary research in the areas of management and quality science with economics and finance. Keywords: e-commerce, logistic customer service, internet marketing. Category of the paper: research paper.","PeriodicalId":23940,"journal":{"name":"Zeszyty Naukowe KUL","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135613706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.29119/1641-3466.2023.178.12
Szymon Dziuba, Jacqueline Rowiecka
Purpose: The present paper aims to approximate issues related to the quality of life, which is directly affected by health status and nutrition. Design/methodology/approach: Over the last years, there has been a noticeable trend towards healthy diets and physical activity. This is crucial for modern civilization with all its inherent lifestyle disorders and chronic diseases. These issues are correlative as demonstrated by the authors based on the empirical study and literature review of the presented problems. An empirical study referring to the problems discussed was conducted on a group of over one hundred respondents (patients of dietetic clinics). Research limitations/implications: The results directly indicated that people who eat healthy diets, as verified by the regularity and type of products consumed, rate their quality of life relatively higher than those who do not pay attention to their nutrition. Originality/value: The paper also refers to issues related to health and its impact on the perceived quality of life, which are correlated. An important point to emphasise is that the article points to issues that are a reflection of everyone's life, and learning about the relationships presented can contribute to greater awareness and a relatively higher quality of life. Keywords: quality of life, healthy lifestyle, diet, health status. Category of the paper: research paper.
{"title":"Effect of diets of patients using dietary guidance services in south-western Poland on quality of life","authors":"Szymon Dziuba, Jacqueline Rowiecka","doi":"10.29119/1641-3466.2023.178.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2023.178.12","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The present paper aims to approximate issues related to the quality of life, which is directly affected by health status and nutrition. Design/methodology/approach: Over the last years, there has been a noticeable trend towards healthy diets and physical activity. This is crucial for modern civilization with all its inherent lifestyle disorders and chronic diseases. These issues are correlative as demonstrated by the authors based on the empirical study and literature review of the presented problems. An empirical study referring to the problems discussed was conducted on a group of over one hundred respondents (patients of dietetic clinics). Research limitations/implications: The results directly indicated that people who eat healthy diets, as verified by the regularity and type of products consumed, rate their quality of life relatively higher than those who do not pay attention to their nutrition. Originality/value: The paper also refers to issues related to health and its impact on the perceived quality of life, which are correlated. An important point to emphasise is that the article points to issues that are a reflection of everyone's life, and learning about the relationships presented can contribute to greater awareness and a relatively higher quality of life. Keywords: quality of life, healthy lifestyle, diet, health status. Category of the paper: research paper.","PeriodicalId":23940,"journal":{"name":"Zeszyty Naukowe KUL","volume":"2019 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135613858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.29119/1641-3466.2023.174.8
Aneta Parker, Marzena Kacprzak, Izabela Wielewska
Purpose: The aim of this paper is to indicate changes in strategy, financial, hygienic and service behaviour in relation to customers and aviation personnel. These changes are a response to the global COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: The paper uses the desk research method of analysis. The analysis of publicly available values from the annual reports of selected low-cost airlines from six continents, i.e. Europe, Asia, North America, Australia, Africa and New Zealand and the examples described in the work made it possible to establish facts, verify data and present results. The research concerns not only the situation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, but also predicts the future of individual companies. Findings: The considerations presented in the paper indicate that low-cost airlines representing individual regions of the world had utmost difficulties in adapting to the changing conditions which resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic. They needed government support. A third of the air fleet was grounded, many employees in the aviation sector lost their jobs or received only 50% of their wages; furthermore, international travel decreased significantly. Only the cargo sector, which had been unprofitable for years, benefited from the pandemic due to the transport of global cargo. Practical implications: Several types of support for the aviation sector are recommended, i.e. rebuilding passenger confidence in air transport, introducing a uniform and globally recognized digital COVID certification, and quick and affordable access to tests. Social implications: Social needs should always come first and implemented solutions should be adapted accordingly. Originality/value: The article is an original approach to finding solutions in crisis situations that could improve the situation of the aviation industry and its passengers. Keywords: airlines, world travel, airline staff during the pandemic, COVID-19, crisis management. Category of the paper: research paper.
{"title":"Changes in strategic responses of selected low budget airlines from different continents in response to the global Covid-19 pandemic","authors":"Aneta Parker, Marzena Kacprzak, Izabela Wielewska","doi":"10.29119/1641-3466.2023.174.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2023.174.8","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of this paper is to indicate changes in strategy, financial, hygienic and service behaviour in relation to customers and aviation personnel. These changes are a response to the global COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: The paper uses the desk research method of analysis. The analysis of publicly available values from the annual reports of selected low-cost airlines from six continents, i.e. Europe, Asia, North America, Australia, Africa and New Zealand and the examples described in the work made it possible to establish facts, verify data and present results. The research concerns not only the situation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, but also predicts the future of individual companies. Findings: The considerations presented in the paper indicate that low-cost airlines representing individual regions of the world had utmost difficulties in adapting to the changing conditions which resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic. They needed government support. A third of the air fleet was grounded, many employees in the aviation sector lost their jobs or received only 50% of their wages; furthermore, international travel decreased significantly. Only the cargo sector, which had been unprofitable for years, benefited from the pandemic due to the transport of global cargo. Practical implications: Several types of support for the aviation sector are recommended, i.e. rebuilding passenger confidence in air transport, introducing a uniform and globally recognized digital COVID certification, and quick and affordable access to tests. Social implications: Social needs should always come first and implemented solutions should be adapted accordingly. Originality/value: The article is an original approach to finding solutions in crisis situations that could improve the situation of the aviation industry and its passengers. Keywords: airlines, world travel, airline staff during the pandemic, COVID-19, crisis management. Category of the paper: research paper.","PeriodicalId":23940,"journal":{"name":"Zeszyty Naukowe KUL","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.29119/1641-3466.2023.174.25
Jolanta Tarapata
Purpose: The purpose of the study is to present the digital nature of the marketing communications of companies located in Poland by determining the digital-based activities they undertake in their marketing communications with stakeholders. The study assumes that the digital nature of their marketing communications is determined by their business profile, form of ownership, ownership capital and the number of employees they employ. Design/methodology/approach: The survey was conducted on a sample of 225 enterprises in July-September 2020 throughout Poland (16 provinces). The sample selection was stratified and random. The method used in the study was a diagnostic survey. Findings: The survey results show that a sizable percentage of companies located in Poland have some catching up to do in basic digital functions in the area of stakeholder communication. On the other hand, enterprises using digital solutions in marketing communications boast a fair amount of diversity in them, making the integration of digital instruments and solutions a feature. The undertaking of selected marketing activities by organizations is determined by various attributes of the organization, i.e. business profile, form of ownership, especially their size and ownership capital. Research limitations/implications: The results of the survey call for a broader and more in depth analysis of the digital activity of modern enterprises in the area of marketing communications. This includes, first and foremost, learning about the determinants of the deficiencies manifested by a sizable percentage of companies in this area, which would make it possible, perhaps, to remove the barriers to these companies becoming more digital in the area of communication with stakeholders. Practical implications: The results of the research prove that among the surveyed attributes of organizations, it is the form of ownership and size of the enterprise that most differentiates them in terms of the digital solutions used in marketing communications. Sole proprietorships are less likely to use such solutions than partnerships and limited liability companies, and companies employing between 10 and 49 people are less likely to use such solutions than medium-sized and large companies. They are the ones that should accelerate the implementation of digital solutions in marketing activities first. This would require building a management culture conducive to change and based on an understanding of the role of new technologies, which are now becoming a guarantor of their success. Social implications: Better understanding of the business impact of digital marketing tools. Originality/value: The article is primarily of cognitive value, emphasizing the importance of digital solutions used in marketing communications by modern companies. Consequently, it can be an element that stimulates the management of modern organizations to seek and apply marketing instruments using the latest digital solutions to reach s
{"title":"Marketing communication of modern enterprises in the era of digital economy","authors":"Jolanta Tarapata","doi":"10.29119/1641-3466.2023.174.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2023.174.25","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of the study is to present the digital nature of the marketing communications of companies located in Poland by determining the digital-based activities they undertake in their marketing communications with stakeholders. The study assumes that the digital nature of their marketing communications is determined by their business profile, form of ownership, ownership capital and the number of employees they employ. Design/methodology/approach: The survey was conducted on a sample of 225 enterprises in July-September 2020 throughout Poland (16 provinces). The sample selection was stratified and random. The method used in the study was a diagnostic survey. Findings: The survey results show that a sizable percentage of companies located in Poland have some catching up to do in basic digital functions in the area of stakeholder communication. On the other hand, enterprises using digital solutions in marketing communications boast a fair amount of diversity in them, making the integration of digital instruments and solutions a feature. The undertaking of selected marketing activities by organizations is determined by various attributes of the organization, i.e. business profile, form of ownership, especially their size and ownership capital. Research limitations/implications: The results of the survey call for a broader and more in depth analysis of the digital activity of modern enterprises in the area of marketing communications. This includes, first and foremost, learning about the determinants of the deficiencies manifested by a sizable percentage of companies in this area, which would make it possible, perhaps, to remove the barriers to these companies becoming more digital in the area of communication with stakeholders. Practical implications: The results of the research prove that among the surveyed attributes of organizations, it is the form of ownership and size of the enterprise that most differentiates them in terms of the digital solutions used in marketing communications. Sole proprietorships are less likely to use such solutions than partnerships and limited liability companies, and companies employing between 10 and 49 people are less likely to use such solutions than medium-sized and large companies. They are the ones that should accelerate the implementation of digital solutions in marketing activities first. This would require building a management culture conducive to change and based on an understanding of the role of new technologies, which are now becoming a guarantor of their success. Social implications: Better understanding of the business impact of digital marketing tools. Originality/value: The article is primarily of cognitive value, emphasizing the importance of digital solutions used in marketing communications by modern companies. Consequently, it can be an element that stimulates the management of modern organizations to seek and apply marketing instruments using the latest digital solutions to reach s","PeriodicalId":23940,"journal":{"name":"Zeszyty Naukowe KUL","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135800109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.29119/1641-3466.2023.177.23
Katarzyna ŁAZORKO
{"title":"Employer branding in small and medium enterprises – local entrepreneurs’ perspective","authors":"Katarzyna ŁAZORKO","doi":"10.29119/1641-3466.2023.177.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2023.177.23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23940,"journal":{"name":"Zeszyty Naukowe KUL","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136303627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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