中华劳动卫生职业病杂志最新文献

Objective: To investigate the subacute toxicity and target organs of triethylenediammonium perchlorate ammonium complex salt (DAP-4) . Methods: In August 2024, 40 SPF-grade SD rats were selected, with 10 rats in each group, half male and half female. There were 45, 140, and 420 mg/kg DAP-4 groups and a control group. Rats in each dose DAP-4 group were orally administered the corresponding amount of DAP-4 solution, while the control group was given the same dose of 1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. SD rats were given intragastric administration once a day for 28 consecutive days. The behaviors, histopathological changes, and blood physiological and biochemical indicators of rats were detected at the corresponding time points respectively. One-way analysis of variance was used for the comparison of quantitative data between groups. Results: Compared with the control group, the body weight, food intake and food utilization rate of female and male rats in the 420 mg/kg DAP-4 group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while no abnormalities were observed in the other dose groups. Compared with the control group, the white blood cell count of female rats in the 420 mg/kg DAP-4 group decreased, while the hemoglobin and hematocrit decreased and the total serum protein increased of male rats (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, fibrinogen was increased in both female and male rats in the 420 mg/kg DAP-4 group, and the thrombin time of female rats was shortened (P<0.05). In each dose group, the livers of female and male rats showed varying degrees of vacuolar degeneration, and the renal tubules of female rats were swollen. Conclusion: 420 mg/kg DAP-4 can cause damage to the liver and kidney of rats, and the maximal no effect level of DAP-4 for rats is 140 mg/kg.

As a major category of occupational hazards in China, physical factors are widely distributed in various industries and affect a large number of workers. The list and diagnostic criteria of occupational diseases caused by physical factors are important basis for occupational disease diagnosis and protection of occupational health rights and interests for occupational populations. This article compares the differences in the list of occupational diseases caused by physical factors at home and abroad, analyzes the problems in the current list of occupational diseases caused by physical factors and related diagnostic standards in China, and puts forward relevant suggestions for further adjusting the list of occupational diseases caused by physical factors, formulating and revising relevant diagnostic standards for occupational diseases, providing reference for improving the classification and catalogue of occupational diseases in China in the future.

Glyphosate is an organophosphorus herbicide with a large global production volume and wide application. It is commonly present in the environment and has a relatively long residual period. Its long-term toxicity, carcinogenic potential and other health effects deserve attention and further research. Glyphosate exposure has toxic effects on a variety of organs, including but not limited to hepatotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, etc., and is associated with the occurrence and development of different types of cancer. This article summarizes the physicochemical properties of glyphosate, its usage and pollution status in China, sorts out and summarizes its population load situation, and focuses on discussing the hepatotoxic effects of glyphosate under various exposure scenarios, including the acute poisoning situation and the progress of long-term low-dose exposure in the general population, and long-term high dose exposure condition in the occupational population. The hepatotoxic effects of glyphosate on mammals, fish, and organs and cells in vitro experiments were deeply analyzed. The possible toxicological mechanism of glyphosate hepatotoxicity was analyzed from oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation and other aspects, aiming to explore the effects of glyphosate exposure on liver health and provide a reference for scientific guidance on the rational use of glyphosate.

Objective: To establish a method for determination of two derivatives of cyanide in biomaterials by headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Methods: In February 2024, blood and urine samples were placed in headspace sampling vials. Phosphoric acid, or phosphoric acid and chloramine T solution, was added respectively to derivatize cyanide into hydrogen cyanide or cyanogen chloride. After equilibrating at 80°C for 15 minutes, headspace sampling was performed. The samples were separated by a GS-GasPro chromatographic column and determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Qualitative analysis was conducted using both retention time and the ratio of characteristic ions, and quantitative analysis was carried out by the external standard method. Results: The correlation coefficients (r) for the two derivatives was 0.9992 and 0.9984, respectively. The detection limits was 0.10 μg/ml and 0.05 μg/ml, respectively. The recoveries ranged from 73.7% to 98.4%, with precision (RSD) ranging from 3.3% to 14.2%. Conclusion: The method offers the advantages of simple operation, precise quantification, high qualitative reliability, and high sensitivity, making it suitable for cyanide detection in biological materials.

Objective: To investigate and analyze the thyroid examination results and influencing factors of interventional radiation workers in Tianjin. Methods: In February 2023, A convenient sampling method was used to select the staff engaged in interventional radiation work in an occupational health inspection institution in Tianjin from 2020 to 2022 as the study object. After excluding the incomplete data, 1080 people were included, and 363 medical staff with non-radiological work during the same period were included as the control group. To analyze the individual doses and occupational health examination data of interventional radiation workers, and to analyze the possible influencing factors of thyroid abnormalities. Results: The cumulative dose M (Q(1), Q(3)) of interventional radiation workers was 1.039 (0.528, 1.905) mSv. The levels of FT(3) and FT(4) in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group, while TSH levels were lower than those in the control group (Z=4.84、6.03、-5.82, P<0.05). The levels of FT(3) and FT(4) in female interventional radiation workers were lower than those in males, while the levels of TSH were higher than those in males (Z= -17.54、-6.65、3.61, P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in FT(3) levels among different ages, differen tradiation exposure years, different initial age of exposure to radiation, and different cumulative doses (H=47.22、11.33、16.70, Z=-2.48, P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in thyroid ultrasound abnormalities among different genders, different ages, different initial age of exposure to radiation, and different cumulative doses (χ(2)=28.02、61.12、17.87、11.30, P<0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of FT(3) distributed in the low-level group were female (OR=10.53, 95%CI: 7.66-14.47, P<0.05), and age 40-49, ≥50 years old (OR=2.40, 95%CI: 1.12-5.14 OR=3.79, 95%CI: 1.59-9.03, P<0.05). The influencing factors of thyroid ultrasound abnormalities were female (OR=1.92, 95%CI: 1.48-2.50, P<0.05) and age ≥50 years old (OR=3.93, 95%CI: 1.91-8.09, P<0.05) . Conclusion: Long term low dose ionizing radiation has a certain effect on FT(3), FT(4) and TSH levels of interventional radiation workers. Gender and increased age are possible influencing factors of the decreased FT(3) levels and thyroid ultrasound abnormalities.

Objective: To investigate the use of earplugs among noise-exposed workers (Homo sapiens) in Bao'an District, Shenzhen, measure the personal attenuation rating (PAR) of earplugs when wearing earplugs, (Homo sapiens), analyze factors influencing the protective effect of earplugs, and evaluate the role of targeted wearing interventions in improving protective efficacy. Methods: From December 2022 to January 2023, 220 workers in noise-exposed positions from 3 enterprises in Bao'an District, Shenzhen were selected as subjects using the convenience sampling method. The Personal Attenuation Rating (PAR) values of workers wearing earplugs were measured using a fit testing system. Combined with the results of a questionnaire survey, the individual differences in workers' baseline PAR were described. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for earplugs to achieve the protective effect. One-on-one wearing interventions were implemented for workers who failed to achieve the protective effect, and repeated PAR tests were conducted. The changes in PAR of 120 workers before and after the intervention were compared. Results: The median baseline PAR for 220 workers was 7 (0, 14) dB, and the intervention rate was 54.55% (120/220). There were differences in the baseline PAR of workers with different length of service, earplugs wearing time and experience, daily noise exposure time and intensity, training and the comfort of earplug use (P<0.05). The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that workers The comfort with earplugs wearing (OR=2.81, 95%CI: 1.49~5.33, P<0.01) and training (OR=6.60, 95%CI: 1.70~25.63, P<0.05) were the influencing factors of achieving the protective requirement. The median PAR was increased to 13 (11, 16) dB after intervention. Conclusion: The baseline protective effect of earplugs worn by workers is significantly influenced by comfort and enterprise training. One-on-one interventions can effectively improve the protective efficacy of those who fail to meet the requirements.

Objective: To establish a method for the determination of strychnine in human serum by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Methods: In April 2024, the serum samples were extracted using alkaline ethyl acetate. Separation was achieved using a Waters HSS T3 column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) with a linear gradient elution program of water/acetonitrile (containing 5 mmol/L ammonium formate and 0.1% formic acid) as the mobile phase. The analyte was detected by using electrospray ionization (ESI) in the positive multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode and quantified using an internal standard method. Results: A good linearity was obtained in the concentration range of 0.01~20.0 μg/L for target compound with the correlation coefficients≥0.999. The limitof detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.003 μg/L and 0.01 μg/L, respectively. The average spiked recovery was 101.3%, the intra-day precision was 2.8%-5.4%, and the inter-day precision was 3.9%-6.3%, respectively. Conclusion: Liquid chromatogrphy tandem mass spectrometry method exhibits high sensitivity, strong specificity, and good accuracy, and can be used for the determination of strychnine in Homo sapiens serum.

Objective: To establish a high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method for the fast determination of maduramicin ammonium (MAD) in rat serum. Methods: In February 2024, rat serum samples were selected and directly injected after extraction and purification with methanol: acetonitrile (1: 1), separated on a C18 chromatographic column, and gradient-eluted using 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution -0.1% formic acid methanol solution as the mobile phase. Under optimized instrument conditions, electrospray positive ion multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was employed for quantification using the external standard method, followed by methodological validation of the established approach. Results: The linearity of MAD in serum was good in the concentration range of 0.5-100 μg/L, and the correlation coefficient was 0.9997. The mean recoveries of MAD from spiked samples were 86.0%-109.6%, with the relative standard deviations were less than 10%. The limit of detection was 0.23 μg/L, The limit of detection was 0.75 μg/L. Conclusion: This method is high sensitive and reliable, which is suitable for the determination of MAD in in mouse serum.

Sinomenine hydrochloride is an alkaloid preparation commonly used in clinical practice in traditional Chinese medicine, and allergic reactions induced by occupational exposure to it are relatively rare in clinical settings. This article analyzes a case of allergic contact dermatitis in a medical worker after occupational exposure to sinomenine hydrochloride. The patient developed generalized skin rashes with the fingertips as the initial site three months after exposure to sinomenine hydrochloride. The treatment effect was poor without cessation of exposure, while symptoms significantly improved after cessation. The condition persisted, exhibiting a contact-reaction pattern of recurrence upon re-exposure. The serum total IgE level met the criteria for extremely severe allergy. No similar symptoms were observed among colleagues in the same position. After differential diagnosis, the possibility of dermatomyositis was ruled out, and the patient was diagnosed with occupational allergic contact dermatitis.

Objective: To propose a functional method for locating the shoulder joint center of rotation aimed at rapid estimation of the upper limb reachable domain envelope, thereby informing ergonomic design and task optimization. Methods: In March 2024, shoulder kinematics during gait were recorded from ten adults using a three-dimensional motion-capture system. Assuming the existence of a point near the glenohumeral joint that maintains a fixed spatial relationship to the humerus and the acromion, we estimated both static and dynamic centers of rotation. Localization accuracy was quantified by the standard deviation of distance residuals to upper-arm markers. Upper-limb joint angles and anthropometric parameters were modeled via regression; combined with maximal joint ranges of motion, these were used to infer the reachable domain envelope. Results: The static center of rotation was located approximately twenty-two millimeters medial to the acromial landmark in the coronal plane and thirty-seven millimeters inferior to it. The standard deviation of the residuals for the distances from the dynamic shoulder joint center of rotation to upper-arm markers averaged 1.02 mm, which was 47.42% lower than that of the static center of rotation and 66.56% lower than that of the acromion. Moreover, the trajectory of this dynamic center showed a strong correlation with upper-limb joint angles (R(2)>0.7) . Conclusion: The proposed method enables rapid and accurate estimation of the upper limb reachable domain envelope to support ergonomic design and may help reduce the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders.