中华劳动卫生职业病杂志最新文献

Objective: The present study investigated the impact of gaps between the mask and human face on particle barrier protection. It revealed the inhalation and deposition patterns of 1-10 μm particles for masks with and without gaps, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for enhancing particle personal protection. Methods: The headand N95 maskmodels were established in August 2023 using three-dimensional modeling technology. The Euler-Lagrange numerical simulation method was employed to simulate inhalation airflow and particle deposition pattern. A MATLAB code was programed to generate randomly distributed particles on the spherical breathing zone, and their trajectories were tracked until deposition on the mask, face, chest, inhalation into the nasal cavity, or escape from the computational domain. Then the inhalation and deposition fractions of micrometer-sized particles were quantified, and the impact of mask gap on particle barrier protection was analyzed. Results: The high-velocity airflow region formed at the leakage site when the mask gap was present. At a nasal inhalation flow rate of 15 L/min, the proportion of inhalation flow through the gap reached 81%. Under sealed mask conditions, 71%-87% of 1-10 μm particles were intercepted within the mask, whereas this retention dropped to 42%-4% in the presence of gap. Without a mask, it was predicted that 93%-52% of particles in the 1-10 μm size range were inhaled through the nose. With a leaky mask, the inhalation fraction decreased to 34%-19%, showing a downward trend with increasing particle size. When the mask was well-fitted and properly sealed, the inhalation fraction dropped to below 1%. Moreover, the surface deposition of 1-10 μm particles on the face and upper chest reached 5%-35% when wearing mask with gap, which was dramatically higher than the 1%-20% under sealed conditions. It was also observed that particle deposition on the human face was concentrated around the eyes. Conclusion: The gaps between the mask and face significantly altered inhalation airflow dynamics, particle trajectories, and deposition pattern, substantially reducing the protective efficacy of masks. To ensure optimal protection in particulate-exposure environments, masks should be worn with a tight seal. Furthermore, facial hygiene is recommended to remove deposited particles and reduce the risk of respiratory injury or infectious disease transmission via inhalation or surface contact.

Objective: To investigate the effective ingredients and molecular mechanisms of Qizao oral liquid in the treatment of lead poisoning through network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. Methods: December 2023, the effective ingredients and their corresponding targets of Qizao oral liquid were searched from the TCM Systems Pharmacology database. Swiss Target Prediction was used to predict corresponding potential target genes of compounds. Targets associated with lead poisoning were obtained from GeneCards and OMIM databases. Cytoscape 3.10.1 software was employed to construct a components and corresponding target network as well as a components and corresponding target network, followed by visualization and cluster analysis. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were conducted using the Metascape database, resulting in the generation of a signaling pathway-target network diagram. Molecular docking analysis between the principal compounds and target proteins was performed using Autodock 4.2.6 and Pymol 2.2.0 software to validate their underlying molecular mechanisms. Results: A total of 114 active chemical components, 361 potential targets, 2501 lead poisoning targets, and 191 intersection targets of "Qizao oral liquid and lead poisoning" were screened. Further analysis revealed that there were 2091 entries for GO biological processes and 202 KEGG signaling pathways. Enrichment analysis showed that the key targets were mainly enriched in cancer, lipid and atherosclerosis, PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. Molecular docking showed that there were 14 combinations with binding energy<-5 kcal/mol, among which PIK3R1-β-sitosterol binding energy was -9.71 kcal/mol. Conclusion: The primary active components found in Qizao oral liquid, such as β-sitosterol, nuciferine, stephanine, and stigmasterol, have the potential to modulate key targets including PIK3R1, AKT1, TP53, and NFKB1. These components are capable of influencing the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway as well as lipid and atherosclerosis pathways in order to mitigate the adverse effects of lead exposure.

Objective: To Exploring the protective effect of hearing protectors worn by noise workers in the petrochemical industry and the factors affecting the protective effect of hearing protectors. Methods: From June 2021 to July 2023, 929 petrochemical workers were selected as the research subjects through cluster sampling. The noise exposure of workers and the usage of two types of hearing protectors were surveyed through questionnaire surveys and on-site occupational hygiene surveys. The protective effect of hearing protectors were evaluated by testing the PAR of workers. If the noise exposure value of workers minus the PAR value was less than 85 dB (A) , it was considered passed. Otherwise, it was considered not passed. The passing rate of the protective effect test of hearing protectors was analyzed through chi square test and the influencing factors for the effectiveness of workers hearing protectors in test were explored through single factor analysis and logistic regression models. Results: Among the research subjects, 80.5% of workers (748/929) had noise exposure levels greater than 85 dB (A) . The passing rate (80.9%) of the earmuff is greater than that of the earplug (52.6%) , and the median of PAR of the earmuff is 22 (16, 25) , which is greater than that of the earplug 15 (3, 22) dB dB, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.001) . Univariate analysis and logistic regression models showed that length of service, exposure level to noise, and wearing comfort were the influencing factors of earplug protection effect (P<0.05) , while wearing comfort was the influencing factor of earmuff protection effect (P<0.05) . Conclusion: This study indicates that the protective effect of hearing protectors on workers in the petrochemical enterprise is poor, and the protective effect of earmuffs is greater than that of earplugs. Working experience, noise exposure level, and wearing comfort are the influencing factors of earplug protection effect, while wearing comfort is the influencing factor of earplug protection effect.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a type of organic compounds that exist in the form of vapor in the air at room temperature, and are common pollutants in industrial production and living environments. The health hazards caused by exposure to VOCs are gradually gaining recognition and social attention. At present, the research on the harm of VOCs to human health mainly involves the respiratory system, cardiovascular system and nervous system. However, in recent years, people have realized that VOCs can induce glucose metabolism disorder through insulin resistance, oxidative stress and oxidative damage, inflammatory reaction and liver damage, leading to increased blood sugar and increased potential risk of diabetes, and even increased the risk of complications of diabetes. This review summarizes the epidemiology and related mechanisms of VOCs, diabetes and its complications, providing a reference for effective prevention and control of VOC induced diabetes.

Objective: To study the subacute oral toxic effect of p-chloro-m-xylphenol on rats and provide a basis for its safety evaluation. Methods: SPF-grade Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups according to body weight stratification randomization, with 20 rats in each group, half male and half female. The set concentrations of the p-chloro-m-xylphenol dose groups were 11.25, 22.50, and 45.00 mg/kg·BW respectively, with an intragastric volume of 10 ml/kg·BW. The blank control group was given the same amount of distilled water. The rats were treated with intragastric administration for 30 days. After intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg·BW pentobarbital sodium for anesthesia, bloodletting and death, the organs were separated and weighed. Blood was collected from the abdominal aorta to determine the hematological and serum biochemical indicators of the whole blood of rats. Multiple groups comparison was performed by one-way analysis of variance, and pairwise comparison between groups was performed by the least significant difference test or Dunnett-t3 test. Results: The kidney weight in the 45.00 mg/kg·BW dose group of female rats [ (1.59±0.11) g] was lower than that in the blank control group [ (1.71±0.12) g], and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . The percentage of monocytes in the 11.25 mg/kg·BW dose group of male rats [ (4.81±0.74) %] was lower than that in the blank control group [ (5.86±0.58) %], the red blood cell count [ (6.93±0.26) ×10(12)/L] and hemoglobin [ (134.30±4.95) g/L] in the 22.50 mg/kg·BW dose group of female rats were both lower than those in the blank control group[ (7.48±0.26) ×10(12)/L, (146.20±4.42) g/L], the percentage of eosinophils in the 11.25 mg/kg·BW dose group of female rats [ (2.46±0.86) %] was higher than that in the blank control group [ (1.66±0.41) %], and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) . Conclusion: P-chloro-m-xylphenol may have toxic effects on the blood system of rats, and the kidneys may be the potential target organs for its toxicity.

Objective: To establish a solvent elution-liquid chromatography method for the determination of trichloroaniline concentration in the air of the workplace. Methods: From December 2023 to January 2024, 2, 4, 5-trichloroaniline, 2, 4, 6-trichloroaniline, and 3, 4, 5-trichloroaniline in the air were collected using glass fiber filter membranes. After elution with acetonitrile and filtration with a 0.22 μm mixed cellulose filter membrane, isometric elution with acetonitrile and water (volume ratio 55∶45) was performed using a C8 column (250 mm×4.6 mm×5 μm) , and detection was carried out using a photo-diode array (PDA) detector. The detection limit, precision and other indicators of the method were analyzed. Results: The separation and determination of trichloroaniline isomers were completed within 9 minutes by the solvent elution-liquid chromatography method. The linear range was 0.1-30 μg/ml, the detection limit of the method was 0.005 μg/ml, the recoveries were 88%-98%, and the relative standard deviation was 0.3%-3.2%. Conclusion: The solvent elution-liquid chromatography method for the determination of trichloroaniline is simple and efficient. Both the recovery and precision meet the standard requirements for the determination of toxic substances in the workplace, and it is suitable for the detection of trichloroaniline in the workplace.

Magnetic particle testing, as an efficient non-destructive testing method, has been widely applied in the field of defect detection for precision components. This study reports a case of occupational ultraviolet cataract caused by prolonged exposure of a magnetic particle testing worker to ultraviolet radiation exceeding standard intensity levels. Insufficient awareness of the potential ocular damage caused by long-wave ultraviolet radiation, inadequate provision of protective goggles, and non-compliant occupational hygiene monitoring and health examinations were identified as the primary contributing factors to this case.

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of poisoning inpatients in the first affiliated hospital of chongqing medical and pharmaceutied hospital, and to provide basis for improving the level of prevention, control, diagnosis and treatment of regional poisoning. Methods: In January 2024, using the HIS medical record system of The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical and Pharmeceutical College, we collected the clinical data of poisoning inpatients admitted to our hospital from 2018 to 2023. The data of sex, age, time of poisoning, poison species, poisoning cause, poisoning route, season, treatment and prognosis were analyzed. Results: A total of 972 patients were enrolled, among whom 71.71% (697/972) were young and middle-aged adults, with a higher incidence in summer. Chemical poisoning accounted for 53.61% (521/972) , followed by pesticide poisoning and mixed poisoning in the second and third places. The overall detection rate of toxins was 58.23% (566/972) . The number of domestic poisonings increased year by year, while occupational poisonings decreased year by year, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05) . The overall cure and improvement rate was 97.22% (945/972) , and the cure and improvement rate of pesticide poisoning was the lowest at 90.23% (120/133) . Factors such as age >60 years, intentional exposure to toxins, pesticide exposure, gastric lavage, blood purification, and length of hospital stay affected the prognosis of patients (P<0.05) . Conclusion: Health education should be actively promoted, toxin control should be strengthened, scientific and reasonable prevention and control measures as well as treatment methods should be adopted to reduce the incidence and mortality of poisoning.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the incidence of low back pain (LBP) and analyze its main influencing factors among automobile manufacturing workers in China. Methods: In March 2024, literatures related to LBP of workers in the automotive manufacturing industry were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) , VIP China Science and Technology Journal Database, Wanfang Database, PubMed, and Web of Science Database. The search time range was from the establishment of the database to March 2024, and the literature was screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After evaluating the quality of the article using the quality evaluation criteria recommended by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality in the United States, Stata 17.0 software was used for analysis. Random effects models or fixed effects models were selected based on the degree of heterogeneity to calculate the combined effect size, and subgroup analysis and analysis of influencing factors of LBP were conducted. Results: A total of 16 articles were included, with a total sample size of 22245 people. The literature quality score ranged from 6 to 8 points. The results of the Meta-analysis showed that the incidence of LBP among automobile manufacturing workers in China was 32% (95%CI: 22%, 42%) . The results of subgroup analysis showed that the incidence of LBP among automotive manufacturing workers aged ≥30 years was 39% (95%CI: 22%, 57%) , which was higher than that among automotive manufacturing workers aged <30 years (24%, 95%CI: 17%, 32%) . The incidence of LBP among automotive manufacturing workers with a length of service of ≥5 years was 40% (95%CI: 23%, 56%) , which was higher than that among automotive manufacturing workers with a length of service of <5 years (24%, 95%CI: 16%, 33%) . The incidence of LBP reported from 2011 to 2017 (39%, 95%CI: 18%, 60%) was higher than that from 2018 to 2023 (28%, 95%CI: 20%, 36%) . Working in an uncomfortable posture (OR=3.72, 95%CI: 2.05, 6.77) , standing for a long time while working (OR=1.97, 95%CI: 1.61, 2.42) , carrying heavy objects (OR=1.93, 95%CI: 1.63, 2.30) , bending over while working (OR=1.86, 95%CI: 1.60, 2.17) and frequent overtime work (OR=2.38, 95%CI: 1.44, 3.92) were both risk factors for LBP among workers in the automotive manufacturing industry (P<0.05) , while sufficient rest time (OR=0.55, 95%CI: 0.48, 0.63) was a protective factor (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The incidence of LBP among workers in China's automotive manufacturing industry is relatively high. Working in an uncomfortable posture, standing for a long time, carrying heavy objects, bending over for work, frequent overtime work and sufficient rest time are the influencing factors of LBP among workers in the automotive manufacturing industry. Preven

Malignant mesothelioma is a rare tumor that is highly correlated with asbestos exposure. Due to the insidious early symptoms, mesothelioma is usually diagnosed in the advanced stages of the disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need for some early detection biomarkers to assist in the diagnosis of mesothelioma. The detection of DNA methylation can be one of the new research directions. This article provides a comprehensive discussion on the research progress of DNA methylation in malignant mesothelioma, including genes that can serve as diagnostic markers for malignant mesothelioma and the current problems in clinical application. It also provides new insights for future research directions using DNA methylation as a diagnostic marker for mesothelioma.