Objective: To explore the research hotspots and trends in the literature related to hearing loss caused by organic solvents, and to provide an effective theoretical basis for further research on the impact of ototoxic organic solvents on the auditory system. Methods: In January 2024, literatures that met the inclusion/exclusion criteria from 1974 to 2023 in the PubMed database were selected. The authors, countries, journal fields and publishing institutions of the literatures were analyzed through Bicomb version 2.01. The author co-occurrence knowledge network graph and the literature publication institution graph were plotted using CiteSpace 6.3R1 Advance, and the co-occurrence clustering map of keywords was drawn using VOS viewer 1.6.19 software. Results: A total of 380 relevant literatures were retrieved, and 256 were finally included. The top three countries in terms of the number of published literature were the United States (accounting for 30.08%, 77/256), the United Kingdom (accounting for 17.97%, 46/256), and the Netherlands (accounting for 10.16%, 26/256). The published authors were represented by Pierre Campo, involving a total of 165 institutions, mainly occupational health research institutions and hearing institutions. It mainly involved related fields such as audiology, occupational medicine, environmental hygiene, toxicology, and otolaryngology. The key groups were painters, aviation industry personnel, gas station workers and agricultural workers. The key solvents included organic solvent mixtures, benzene and its derivatives, trichloroethylene, ethanol, carbon disulfide, etc. Conclusion: Research on hearing loss caused by organic solvents mainly focuses on countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands, with a particular emphasis on occupational groups such as painters, aviation industry personnel, gas station workers, and agricultural personnel, as well as the ototoxic effects of organic solvent mixtures, benzene and its derivatives, etc. This provides a basis for subsequent mechanism exploration, protection strategy formulation, and hearing health management of the target population.
Objective: To investigate the current situation of depressive symptoms, effort-reward imbalance (ERI), and sleep quality among train drivers, explore the interaction mechanism between various factors and depressive symptoms, and provide a certain theoretical basis for reducing the level of depressive symptoms among train drivers. Methods: From January to December 2022, train drivers were selected as the research subjects from the locomotive depot of a certain railway bureau through cluster sampling, with a total of 1392 people. A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess the basic situation, ERI, sleep quality and depressive symptoms of train drivers. Multiple stepwise regression was used to analyze the effects of each dimension of ERI and sleep quality on depressive symptoms, and binary logistic regression was used to analyze the effects of ERI and sleep quality on depressive symptoms. Results: Among 1392 train drivers, 897 (64.4%) were classified as having depressive symptoms. The results of multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the dimensions of external effort, reward and overcommitment of ERI explained 10.3% of the variation in depressive symptoms (P<0.01). Sleep quality explained 9.9% of the variation in depressive symptoms (P< 0.01). The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for confounding variables such as age, length of service, and educational level, high external effort (OR=2.22, 95%CI: 1.76-2.79) and high overcommitment (OR=1.90, 95%CI: 1.50-2.39) and poor sleep quality (OR=5.82, 95%CI: 4.52-7.49) increased the risk of depressive symptoms for train drivers (P<0.01), while reward was a protective factor for depressive symptoms (OR=0.44, 95%CI: 0.35-0.55, P<0.01). In the ERI model, high effort and low reward was the greatest risk factor for depressive symptoms (OR=4.77, 95%CI: 3.41-6.69, P<0.01). In the interaction between ERI and sleep quality, high ERI and poor sleep quality had the greatest negative impact on depressive symptoms (OR=15.90, 95% CI: 7.27-34.76, P<0.01) . Conclusion: The influence of ERI on depressive symptoms of train drivers has both direct and indirect effects, and sleep quality plays a partial mediating role in the influence of ERI on depressive symptoms.
Objective: To verify the reliability and validity of the short version of the Chinese version of the new Burnout Assessment Tool (12 items version of Burnout Assessment Tool, BAT-12) . Methods: From October to December 2023, the cluster sampling method was adopted, and the Chinese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) and the BAT-12 scale were used simultaneously. A questionnaire survey was conducted among enterprise employees (4329 people) in Shanghai and Guangdong Province. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis and other methods were employed to analyze its reliability (internal consistency reliability and combination reliability) and validity (structural validity, convergent validity, discriminative validity and criterion validity) . Results: A total of 4329 questionnaires were retrieved, among which 4086 were valid, with an effective recovery rate of 94.39%. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the Chinese version of the BAT-12 total scale was 0.956, and the combination reliability coefficients of each dimension ranged from 0.914 to 0.952. The scale contained 12 items, and 4 common factors were extracted from exploratory factor analysis, including exhaustion, mental distance, cognitive impairment, and emotional impairment. The cumulative variance contribution rate reached 86.63%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that both the four-factor correlation model and the second-order model were ideally fitted overall, with the four-factor correlation model having the best data fit (comparative fit index 0.972, Tuker-Lewis fit index 0.962, root mean square error of approximation 0.064, and standardized root mean square residual 0.033). The average variance extracted (AVE) of each dimension of the scale ranged from 0.780 to 0.868, and the square roots of AVE (0.883 to 0.932) were all greater than their Pearson correlation coefficients (0.630 to 0.850). The Pearson correlation coefficient between BAT-12 and MBI-GS was 0.787 (P<0.001) . Conclusion: The Chinese version of the BAT-12 scale demonstrates strong internal consistency and combination reliability, with excellent reliability. Its four-dimensional structure validity has been validated, with good convergent validity, discriminative validity, and ideal criterion validity, demonstrating excellent validity. The Chinese version of the BAT-12 scale can be used to measure the level of occupational burnout among Chinese employees.
Objective: To investigate the subacute toxicity and target organs of triethylenediammonium perchlorate ammonium complex salt (DAP-4) . Methods: In August 2024, 40 SPF-grade SD rats were selected, with 10 rats in each group, half male and half female. There were 45, 140, and 420 mg/kg DAP-4 groups and a control group. Rats in each dose DAP-4 group were orally administered the corresponding amount of DAP-4 solution, while the control group was given the same dose of 1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. SD rats were given intragastric administration once a day for 28 consecutive days. The behaviors, histopathological changes, and blood physiological and biochemical indicators of rats were detected at the corresponding time points respectively. One-way analysis of variance was used for the comparison of quantitative data between groups. Results: Compared with the control group, the body weight, food intake and food utilization rate of female and male rats in the 420 mg/kg DAP-4 group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while no abnormalities were observed in the other dose groups. Compared with the control group, the white blood cell count of female rats in the 420 mg/kg DAP-4 group decreased, while the hemoglobin and hematocrit decreased and the total serum protein increased of male rats (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, fibrinogen was increased in both female and male rats in the 420 mg/kg DAP-4 group, and the thrombin time of female rats was shortened (P<0.05). In each dose group, the livers of female and male rats showed varying degrees of vacuolar degeneration, and the renal tubules of female rats were swollen. Conclusion: 420 mg/kg DAP-4 can cause damage to the liver and kidney of rats, and the maximal no effect level of DAP-4 for rats is 140 mg/kg.
As a major category of occupational hazards in China, physical factors are widely distributed in various industries and affect a large number of workers. The list and diagnostic criteria of occupational diseases caused by physical factors are important basis for occupational disease diagnosis and protection of occupational health rights and interests for occupational populations. This article compares the differences in the list of occupational diseases caused by physical factors at home and abroad, analyzes the problems in the current list of occupational diseases caused by physical factors and related diagnostic standards in China, and puts forward relevant suggestions for further adjusting the list of occupational diseases caused by physical factors, formulating and revising relevant diagnostic standards for occupational diseases, providing reference for improving the classification and catalogue of occupational diseases in China in the future.
Glyphosate is an organophosphorus herbicide with a large global production volume and wide application. It is commonly present in the environment and has a relatively long residual period. Its long-term toxicity, carcinogenic potential and other health effects deserve attention and further research. Glyphosate exposure has toxic effects on a variety of organs, including but not limited to hepatotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, etc., and is associated with the occurrence and development of different types of cancer. This article summarizes the physicochemical properties of glyphosate, its usage and pollution status in China, sorts out and summarizes its population load situation, and focuses on discussing the hepatotoxic effects of glyphosate under various exposure scenarios, including the acute poisoning situation and the progress of long-term low-dose exposure in the general population, and long-term high dose exposure condition in the occupational population. The hepatotoxic effects of glyphosate on mammals, fish, and organs and cells in vitro experiments were deeply analyzed. The possible toxicological mechanism of glyphosate hepatotoxicity was analyzed from oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation and other aspects, aiming to explore the effects of glyphosate exposure on liver health and provide a reference for scientific guidance on the rational use of glyphosate.
Objective: To establish a method for determination of two derivatives of cyanide in biomaterials by headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Methods: In February 2024, blood and urine samples were placed in headspace sampling vials. Phosphoric acid, or phosphoric acid and chloramine T solution, was added respectively to derivatize cyanide into hydrogen cyanide or cyanogen chloride. After equilibrating at 80°C for 15 minutes, headspace sampling was performed. The samples were separated by a GS-GasPro chromatographic column and determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Qualitative analysis was conducted using both retention time and the ratio of characteristic ions, and quantitative analysis was carried out by the external standard method. Results: The correlation coefficients (r) for the two derivatives was 0.9992 and 0.9984, respectively. The detection limits was 0.10 μg/ml and 0.05 μg/ml, respectively. The recoveries ranged from 73.7% to 98.4%, with precision (RSD) ranging from 3.3% to 14.2%. Conclusion: The method offers the advantages of simple operation, precise quantification, high qualitative reliability, and high sensitivity, making it suitable for cyanide detection in biological materials.
Objective: To investigate and analyze the thyroid examination results and influencing factors of interventional radiation workers in Tianjin. Methods: In February 2023, A convenient sampling method was used to select the staff engaged in interventional radiation work in an occupational health inspection institution in Tianjin from 2020 to 2022 as the study object. After excluding the incomplete data, 1080 people were included, and 363 medical staff with non-radiological work during the same period were included as the control group. To analyze the individual doses and occupational health examination data of interventional radiation workers, and to analyze the possible influencing factors of thyroid abnormalities. Results: The cumulative dose M (Q(1), Q(3)) of interventional radiation workers was 1.039 (0.528, 1.905) mSv. The levels of FT(3) and FT(4) in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group, while TSH levels were lower than those in the control group (Z=4.84、6.03、-5.82, P<0.05). The levels of FT(3) and FT(4) in female interventional radiation workers were lower than those in males, while the levels of TSH were higher than those in males (Z= -17.54、-6.65、3.61, P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in FT(3) levels among different ages, differen tradiation exposure years, different initial age of exposure to radiation, and different cumulative doses (H=47.22、11.33、16.70, Z=-2.48, P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in thyroid ultrasound abnormalities among different genders, different ages, different initial age of exposure to radiation, and different cumulative doses (χ(2)=28.02、61.12、17.87、11.30, P<0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of FT(3) distributed in the low-level group were female (OR=10.53, 95%CI: 7.66-14.47, P<0.05), and age 40-49, ≥50 years old (OR=2.40, 95%CI: 1.12-5.14 OR=3.79, 95%CI: 1.59-9.03, P<0.05). The influencing factors of thyroid ultrasound abnormalities were female (OR=1.92, 95%CI: 1.48-2.50, P<0.05) and age ≥50 years old (OR=3.93, 95%CI: 1.91-8.09, P<0.05) . Conclusion: Long term low dose ionizing radiation has a certain effect on FT(3), FT(4) and TSH levels of interventional radiation workers. Gender and increased age are possible influencing factors of the decreased FT(3) levels and thyroid ultrasound abnormalities.
Objective: To investigate the use of earplugs among noise-exposed workers (Homo sapiens) in Bao'an District, Shenzhen, measure the personal attenuation rating (PAR) of earplugs when wearing earplugs, (Homo sapiens), analyze factors influencing the protective effect of earplugs, and evaluate the role of targeted wearing interventions in improving protective efficacy. Methods: From December 2022 to January 2023, 220 workers in noise-exposed positions from 3 enterprises in Bao'an District, Shenzhen were selected as subjects using the convenience sampling method. The Personal Attenuation Rating (PAR) values of workers wearing earplugs were measured using a fit testing system. Combined with the results of a questionnaire survey, the individual differences in workers' baseline PAR were described. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for earplugs to achieve the protective effect. One-on-one wearing interventions were implemented for workers who failed to achieve the protective effect, and repeated PAR tests were conducted. The changes in PAR of 120 workers before and after the intervention were compared. Results: The median baseline PAR for 220 workers was 7 (0, 14) dB, and the intervention rate was 54.55% (120/220). There were differences in the baseline PAR of workers with different length of service, earplugs wearing time and experience, daily noise exposure time and intensity, training and the comfort of earplug use (P<0.05). The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that workers The comfort with earplugs wearing (OR=2.81, 95%CI: 1.49~5.33, P<0.01) and training (OR=6.60, 95%CI: 1.70~25.63, P<0.05) were the influencing factors of achieving the protective requirement. The median PAR was increased to 13 (11, 16) dB after intervention. Conclusion: The baseline protective effect of earplugs worn by workers is significantly influenced by comfort and enterprise training. One-on-one interventions can effectively improve the protective efficacy of those who fail to meet the requirements.
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