Zoonoses and Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Anticoagulants for the Control of the Common Vampire Bat (Desmodus rotundus)","authors":"Laura Ávila-Vargas,&nbsp;Diego Soler-Tovar,&nbsp;Quan Dong,&nbsp;Luis E. Escobar","doi":"10.1111/zph.13196","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13196","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In Latin America, there is a high incidence of vampire bat-transmitted rabies in cattle causing increased mortality of livestock, which heavily impacts the agricultural sector. Anticoagulants-based control methods for the common vampire bat (<i>Desmodus rotundus</i>) have been employed continuously since the 1970s with various methods of application, presentations, doses and active ingredients. Studies from half a century ago still serve as a reference for the current use of anticoagulants for bat-borne rabies control in Latin America. The objective of this study was to structurally and bibliometrically review literature on the use of anticoagulants for the control of <i>D. rotundus</i> as a means of rabies control.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials &amp; Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Scientific literature on the use of anticoagulant products for <i>D. rotundus</i> control was obtained, reviewed and analysed. Articles were retrieved from Scopus and Web of Science databases. Research articles from 1971 to 2021 in Spanish, English and Portuguese were included in the review. Results were visualised using RStudio, Bibliometrix and VOSviewer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The body of literature indicates effectiveness of up to 100% in the use of anticoagulants to induce bat mortality. The effectiveness of anticoagulants for rabies control, however, remains uncertain. No evidence was found to support or refute the use of anticoagulants for rabies control.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Instead, literature suggests that disturbing bat colonies increases rabies prevalence. This finding suggests that anticoagulants may have the opposite intended effect on rabies control and highlights the importance of further research on the practical methods for bat-borne rabies prevention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Field experimental studies that include control groups over areas and periods that account for <i>D. rotundus</i> ecology are needed to determine the effectiveness of anticoagulants for rabies control in livestock. In conclusion, the use of anticoagulants for rabies control is questionable.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 2","pages":"101-116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11772909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to West Nile Virus in Wild Lagomorphs in Spanish Mediterranean Ecosystems","authors":"Sabrina Castro-Scholten,&nbsp;Javier Caballero-Gómez,&nbsp;Daniel Bravo-Barriga,&nbsp;Francisco Llorente,&nbsp;David Cano-Terriza,&nbsp;Miguel Ángel Jiménez-Clavero,&nbsp;Débora Jiménez-Martín,&nbsp;Leonor Camacho-Sillero,&nbsp;Ignacio García-Bocanegra","doi":"10.1111/zph.13200","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13200","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>West Nile virus (WNV) is the most widely distributed mosquito-borne flavivirus. Over the past decade, its spread across Europe has raised significant concerns for both public and animal health. Although WNV exposure has been evidenced in various wild mammal species in Spain, no seroepidemiological studies have been conducted on this flavivirus in wild lagomorphs so far.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to assess WNV exposure in European wild rabbit (<i>Oryctolagus cuniculus</i>) and Iberian hare (<i>Lepus granatensis</i>) populations inhabiting Spanish Mediterranean ecosystems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sera from 540 wild lagomorphs (399 European wild rabbit and 141 Iberian hares), from 106 hunting grounds distributed throughout Andalusia (southern Spain), were collected between the 2018/2019 and 2022/2023 hunting seasons.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Antibodies against flavivirus were detected by blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (bELISA) in 5.0% (27/540; 95% CI: 3.2–6.8) of the wild lagomorphs. Exposure to WNV was confirmed in 4.8% (19/394; 95% CI: 2.7–6.9) of wild rabbits and 0.7% (1/141; 95% CI: 0.0–2.1) of Iberian hares by virus microneutralisation test. Anti-WNV antibodies were found in wild lagomorphs sampled from three (2.8%) hunting grounds located in western Andalusia during the seasons 2020–2021 and 2021–2022. Remarkably, this spatiotemporal distribution overlaps with the largest outbreak of WNV in Spain. Antibodies against Usutu virus and Bagaza virus were not detected in the wild lagomorph populations analysed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study constitutes the first report of WNV exposure in wild rabbit in Spain and in Iberian hare worldwide. While these species seem not play a primary role in the epidemiology of the virus, they could serve as sentinel for monitoring WNV in Iberian Mediterranean ecosystems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 2","pages":"207-214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11772907/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142855808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Evidence of Leptospira spp. Infection Among Household Dogs From 15 Municipalities of the Department of Caldas, Colombia","authors":"Carlos Ramiro Silva-Ramos,&nbsp;Paloma Lemaitre G,&nbsp;Julián A. Mejorano-Fonseca,&nbsp;J. Manuel Matiz-González,&nbsp;Hector J. Aricapa-Giraldo,&nbsp;Juan C. Agudelo,&nbsp;Jorge E. Pérez Cárdenas,&nbsp;Marylin Hidalgo","doi":"10.1111/zph.13204","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13204","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Leptospira</i> spp. is a bacterial genus which includes pathogenic species that causes leptospirosis. Several animal species can harbour, shed and disseminate the bacteria through their urine. Although the circulation of <i>Leptospira</i> among homeless dogs may be common, the presence of <i>Leptospira</i> among household dogs is more important since they can act as important sources of infection for their owners due to the closer contact with humans.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of the present study was to detect the presence of <i>Leptospira</i> spp. among household dogs from 15 municipalities of the Caldas department.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Between November 2015 and January 2017, an active household dog sampling was performed in 15 municipalities of Caldas department. Dog blood samples were tested through conventional PCR targeting a fragment of the <i>Leptospira rrs</i> and <i>LipL32</i> genes. All obtained amplicons were purified and bi-directionally sequenced. Obtained sequences were assembled and edited for subsequent phylogenetic analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 196 dogs were sampled from 15 municipalities of Caldas department, of which 180 were screened for <i>Leptospira</i> spp. Ten (5.6%) dog blood samples from seven municipalities were successfully amplified for the <i>Leptospira rrs</i> gene. Two <i>Leptospira rrs</i> good-quality sequences were obtained which had a closer relationship with <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> and <i>Leptospira santarosai</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We confirm the presence of <i>Leptospira</i> spp. closely related with <i>L. interrogans</i> and <i>L. santarosai</i> among household dogs from seven municipalities of Caldas department. These results highlight the need to improve the care of household dogs in Caldas department since they could eventually become important sources of infection of leptospirosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 2","pages":"215-222"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania amazonensis in Bats From Endemic and Non-endemic Areas of São Paulo State, Brazil","authors":"Danilo Alves de França,&nbsp;Sara Zúquete,&nbsp;Mariana Louro,&nbsp;Maíra Guimarães Kersul,&nbsp;Benedito Donizete Menozzi,&nbsp;Felipe Fornazari,&nbsp;Gabriela Santos-Gomes,&nbsp;Isabel Pereira da Fonseca,&nbsp;Helio Langoni","doi":"10.1111/zph.13201","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13201","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Leishmaniasis is an endemic disease in several regions of Brazil, a tropical country that presents specific environmental conditions that contribute to the development of phlebotomine vectors. This study aimed to detect <i>Leishmania</i> species in naturally infected bats from 17 municipalities in the São Paulo state.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Spleen and liver samples from 203 bats were analysed by real-time PCR and confirmed by conventional PCR followed by gene sequencing. <i>Leishmania</i> DNA was amplified by real-time PCR in 6.4% of the bats and by conventional PCR followed by sequencing in 3.4% of the bats. Positive samples were characterised and included in GenBank. <i>Leishmania</i> species were confirmed in \u0000 <i>M. molossus</i>\u0000 , \u0000 <i>M. nigricans</i>\u0000 and \u0000 <i>E. glaucinus</i>\u0000 bats. <i>Leishmania</i> (<i>Leishmania</i>) <i>amazonensis</i> and <i>L. infantum</i> (syn. <i>L. chagasi</i>) were identified. This is the first detection of <i>Leishmania</i> spp. in bats in the studied areas. All the positive bats came from urban areas. Insectivorous bats were statistically more positive. There was similarity between our sequences and those of a human isolate and a phlebotomine from the region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This result points to bats as important possible reservoir of <i>Leishmania</i> in Brazil and guides the country's health authorities towards epidemiological surveillance, control and prevention actions in endemic areas.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 3","pages":"259-268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142795321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zoonotic Surveillance of Bartonella spp.: Exploring the Public Health Risks in Human Settlements","authors":"Mukesh Thakur,&nbsp;Stanzin Dolker,&nbsp;Lenrik K. Wangmo,&nbsp;Avijit Ghosh,&nbsp;Nikhil Dhankhar,&nbsp;Vinaya K. Singh,&nbsp;Malay Shukla,&nbsp;Anandhan Rameshkumar,&nbsp;Manisha Biswal,&nbsp;Dhriti Banerjee,&nbsp;Bheem Dutt Joshi,&nbsp;Lalit K. Sharma","doi":"10.1111/zph.13203","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13203","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Urban rodents are reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens, including <i>Bartonella</i> spp., which are transmitted by ectoparasites such as fleas. Zoonotic diseases caused by <i>Bartonella</i> often go undocumented due to confusing or subtle clinical symptoms, lack of awareness and poor diagnosis. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and diversity of <i>Bartonella</i> spp. by screening free-ranging rodents and their ectoparasites in the unique ecological settings of Alipore Railway Station, Kolkata, India. The station's high passenger traffic and proximity to food stalls create favourable conditions for rodents and fleas to thrive, increasing the risk of zoonotic transmission.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rodents and fleas were identified by morphological features and DNA sequencing. Detection of <i>Bartonella</i> was carried out by DNA sequencing of citrate synthase (<i>gltA</i>) gene. Phylogenetic relationships among the obtained sequences were inferred through phylogenetic tree and haplotype network analyses. Q-PCR testing from human samples from the surrounding area was performed to confirm the zoonotic transfer potential.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 60 rodents, identified as \u0000 <i>Bandicota indica</i>\u0000 28 (46.7%) and \u0000 <i>Bandicota bengalensis</i>\u0000 32 (53.3%), and 110 fleas (\u0000 <i>Xenopsylla cheopis</i>\u0000 ) were collected. The prevalence of <i>Bartonella</i> infection varied across three different hosts, that is, 32/60 rodents (53.33%), 87/110 fleas (79.1%) and 4/25 human (16%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed four distinct <i>Bartonella</i> lineages comprising 11 novel haplotypes (H1–H11), with haplotype H4 shared between rodents, fleas and humans, indicating active and cross species transmission of <i>Bartonella</i> spp. Haplotype H10, identified as \u0000 <i>B. rochalimae</i>\u0000 , was a phylogenetically diverged lineage exclusively found in fleas, suggesting a potentially novel lineage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results highlight the significant public health risks posed by <i>Bartonella</i> spp. in densely populated urban areas, particularly in environments like railway stations where human–rodent interactions are frequent. This study underscores the necessity of integrated pest management and surveillance strategies, using molecular tools such as Q-PCR, to mitigate the risk of zoonotic disease transmission in urban settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 3","pages":"284-292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142795324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Large-Scale Serological Survey in Pets From October 2020 Through June 2021 in France Shows Significantly Higher Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in Cats Compared to Dogs","authors":"Matthieu Fritz,&nbsp;Eric Elguero,&nbsp;Pierre Becquart,&nbsp;Daphné De Riols de Fonclare,&nbsp;Déborah Garcia,&nbsp;Stephanie Beurlet,&nbsp;Solène Denolly,&nbsp;Bertrand Boson,&nbsp;Serge G. Rosolen,&nbsp;François-Loïc Cosset,&nbsp;Alexandra Briend-Marchal,&nbsp;Vincent Legros,&nbsp;Eric M. Leroy","doi":"10.1111/zph.13198","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13198","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has the potential to infect various animals, including domestic pets like dogs and cats. Many studies have documented infection in companion animals by molecular and serological methods. However, only a few have compared seroprevalence in cats and dogs from the general population, and these studies were limited by small sample sizes and collections over short periods. Our aim was to obtain a more accurate evaluation of seroprevalence in companion animals in France and to determine whether cats and dogs differ in their exposure to SARS-CoV-2.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted an extensive serological survey of SARS-CoV-2, collecting blood samples from 2036 cats and 3577 dogs during routine veterinary medical examinations across different regions of metropolitan France from October 2020 to June 2021. This period encompassed the peaks and onset of two waves, as well as the emergence of the first variants. A microsphere immunoassay targeting the receptor-binding domain and trimeric spike protein was used to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. A subset of 308 seropositive samples was tested for the presence of neutralising antibodies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We determined an overall seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies of 7.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.4%–7.8%) among the sampled pets. Cats exhibited a significantly higher seroprevalence (9.3%; 95% CI: 8.1%–10.1%) compared to dogs (5.9%; 95% CI: 5.2%–6.8%). Among the subset of seropositive samples, 81 (26.3%; 95% CI: 21.5%–31.6%) displayed neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, seroprevalence in both species was lower in older animals and was not associated with sex. Finally, unlike cats, seroprevalence in dogs was found to be correlated with the date of sampling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The large sample size enhances the reliability and statistical robustness of our estimates regarding pet exposure to SARS-CoV-2. This study on SARS-CoV-2 reaffirms the crucial importance of adopting a One Health approach incorporating domestic animals when managing an epidemic caused by a zoonotic virus.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 2","pages":"184-193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11772911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142795320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zoonotic Tick-Borne Pathogens in Ixodes ricinus Complex (Acari: Ixodidae) From Urban and Peri-Urban Areas of Kosovo","authors":"Ina Hoxha,&nbsp;Betim Xhekaj,&nbsp;Genc Halimi,&nbsp;Michiel Wijnveld,&nbsp;Margarida Ruivo,&nbsp;Driton Çaushi,&nbsp;Albana Matoshi,&nbsp;Adelheid G. Obwaller,&nbsp;Bernhard Jäger,&nbsp;Martin Weiler,&nbsp;Julia Walochnik,&nbsp;Kurtesh Sherifi,&nbsp;Edwin Kniha","doi":"10.1111/zph.13197","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13197","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Ixodes ricinus</i>, the castor bean tick, is the most prevalent tick species in Europe. It favours habitats such as shrubs, deciduous and mixed forests, but can also be found in urban environments. Due to its high vector competence, it is of enormous veterinary as well as medical importance, transmitting tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus, <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> s. l., the causative agent of lyme borreliosis, <i>Rickettsia</i> spp. and <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> amongst many other pathogens. In Kosovo, <i>I. ricinus</i> is the predominant species and a few studies, mostly based on human and animal seroprevalences, indicate the circulation of tick-borne pathogens. However, data on pathogens in <i>I. ricinus</i> are scarce in Kosovo, particularly in urban settings. This study aimed to provide first insights into the circulation of tic-kborne pathogens in <i>I. ricinus</i> from urban and peri-urban areas in Kosovo.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Urban and peri-urban areas were sampled by flagging 150 m transects. In total, 197 ticks were morphologicaly identified as <i>I. ricinus</i>, and consequently DNA and RNA were isolated. All individuals were screened for the presence of tick-borne pathogens by using reverse line blotting (RLB) hybridisation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>DNA of nine different pathogens from four genera including <i>Borrelia</i> spp., <i>Rickettsia</i> spp., <i>Anaplasma</i> spp. and <i>Babesia</i> spp. was detected in 60 (33.5%) specimens. The most frequently detected pathogens were <i>Rickettsia</i> spp. (16.2%), followed by <i>Borrelia</i> spp. (11.7%). Altogether, 54 single infections, 11 double infections and 1 triple infection were observed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We provide first data on genotyping of <i>B. burgdorferi</i> sensu lato as well as the detection of <i>Anaplasma</i>, <i>Babesia</i> and <i>Rickettsia</i> from <i>I. ricinus</i> in this country. The data underline that particularly recreational (peri-)urban areas could facilitate the spillover of zoonotic tick-borne pathogens to humans in Kosovo and provide baseline data for future surveys.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 2","pages":"174-183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11772905/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142795325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Free-Ranging Wolves (Canis lupus) are Natural Reservoirs of Intestinal Microeukaryotes of Public Health Significance in Southwestern Europe","authors":"Sheila Ortega,&nbsp;Ana M. Figueiredo,&nbsp;Barbara Moroni,&nbsp;Nadia Abarca,&nbsp;Alejandro Dashti,&nbsp;Pamela C. Köster,&nbsp;Begoña Bailo,&nbsp;David Cano-Terriza,&nbsp;Moisés Gonzálvez,&nbsp;Manena Fayos,&nbsp;Álvaro Oleaga,&nbsp;Carlos Martínez-Carrasco,&nbsp;Roser Velarde,&nbsp;Rita T. Torres,&nbsp;Eduardo Ferreira,&nbsp;Dário Hipólito,&nbsp;Tânia Barros,&nbsp;Ana Lino,&nbsp;Serena Robetto,&nbsp;Luca Rossi,&nbsp;Gemma J. Muñoz-de-Mier,&nbsp;Gabriel Ávalos,&nbsp;Rafael Calero-Bernal,&nbsp;David González-Barrio,&nbsp;Sergio Sánchez,&nbsp;Ignacio García-Bocanegra,&nbsp;David Carmena","doi":"10.1111/zph.13202","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13202","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intestinal microeukaryote parasites are major contributors to the burden of diarrhoea in humans and domestic animals, but their epidemiology in wildlife is not fully understood. We investigated the frequency, genetic diversity and zoonotic potential of protists of animal and public health significance in free-ranging grey wolf (<i>Canis lupus</i>) populations in south-western Europe.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Individually formed faecal samples collected from necropsied wolves or scat trails in Italy (<i>n</i> = 47), Portugal (<i>n</i> = 43) and Spain (<i>n</i> = 225) during the period 2011–2023 were retrospectively analysed using molecular (PCR and Sanger sequencing) methods. Complementary epidemiological data were gathered when available.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>\u0000 <i>Giardia duodenalis</i> was the most frequent microeukaryote found (40.3%, 127/315; 95% CI: 34.9–46.0), followed by <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. (3.5%, 11/315; 95% CI: 1.8–6.2), <i>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</i> and <i>Encephalitozoon</i> spp. (1.6%, 5/315; 95% CI: 0.5–3.7 each). <i>Blastocystis</i> was not identified in any of the faecal samples analysed. Sequence analyses confirmed the presence of canine-adapted assemblage D within <i>G. duodenalis</i> (<i>n</i> = 7). Three <i>Cryptosporidium</i> species were identified, namely canine-adapted <i>C. canis</i> (<i>n</i> = 9), zoonotic <i>C. parvum</i> (<i>n</i> = 1) and primarily anthroponotic <i>C.hominis</i> (<i>n</i> = 1). Genotyping tools enabled the identification of subtype family XXe2 within <i>C. canis</i>. Among microsporidia, the canine-adapted genotype PtEb IX was identified within <i>E. bieneusi</i>. Two samples were confirmed as <i>Enc. intestinalis</i> and three more as <i>Enc. cuniculi</i> genotype IV. This is the first record of <i>Enc. intestinalis</i> and <i>Enc. cuniculi</i> in the grey wolf globally.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Silent carriage of intestinal microeukaryotes seems common in free-ranging grey wolves in southwestern Europe. Wolves can contribute to environmental contamination through the transmission stages (cysts, oocysts, spores) of species/genotypes potentially infective to humans. Individuals in close contact with wolf carcasses or their faecal material may be at potential risk of infection by microeukaryotic pathogens.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 3","pages":"269-283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142795323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Occurrence of ST131 Among Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Humans and Dogs in Sri Lanka","authors":"W. A. Pamudi Maldam Dewasmika,&nbsp;D. R. Anuruddhika Dissanayake,&nbsp;N. G. Dulanjalee Anuruddhika Kumari Neelawala,&nbsp;B. G. Nilanthi Dissanayake,&nbsp;D. V. Pahan Prasada,&nbsp;Veithehi Rajeevan Francis,&nbsp;Sophie Octavia,&nbsp;Ruiting Lan","doi":"10.1111/zph.13199","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13199","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Extraintestinal pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ExPEC) is an important human and animal pathogen. In particular, the ST131 of ExPEC is a widely distributed clone, resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. We investigated the occurrence of ST131 among ExPEC from humans and dogs in Sri Lanka and determined its antimicrobial resistance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 215 ExPEC isolates were collected from humans (<i>n</i> = 179) and dogs (<i>n</i> = 36) from two different cities in Sri Lanka. Antimicrobial resistance was tested by the disk diffusion method, and the presence of resistance-encoding genes (<i>bla</i>_TEM, <i>bla</i>_SHV and <i>bla</i>_CTX-M) and ST131 clades/subclades was tested by PCR.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The majority of the isolates were (61.8%) ST131, with 55.8% in ST131-clade C. Of the clade C isolates, 44.3%, 27.8%, 15.7% and 6.7% were in clades C2, C other, C1-non-M27 and C1-M27, respectively. Approximately 11% of the ST131 isolates were carbapenem resistant. ExPEC from dogs showed comparable resistance rates to human isolates except for resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate and amikacin.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We observed a high occurrence of ST131 and its clade C, with more than 11% exhibiting resistance to carbapenems in Sri Lanka. Furthermore, ST131-C1-M27, with high resistance to both quinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins, was also present. Our results emphasise the importance of the One Health approach in the monitoring of antimicrobial-resistant <i>E. coli</i> in different regions of Sri Lanka to gain a better understanding of their prevalence over time, contributing to effective antimicrobial stewardship.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 2","pages":"200-206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence and Molecular Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) in Khuzestan Province, Iran","authors":"Mohammad Javad Boozhmehrani,&nbsp;Mohammad Hossein Feiz-Haddad,&nbsp;Mehdi Tavalla,&nbsp;Mohammad Nouri,&nbsp;Seyed Morteza Ghoreishi","doi":"10.1111/zph.13195","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13195","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> is a parasitic protozoan capable of infecting warm-blooded animals, including humans, and is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis. Wild boars (<i>Sus scrofa</i>) serve as reservoirs for zoonotic pathogens like <i>T. gondii</i>, which can cause disease in humans if transmitted. This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence and molecular prevalence of <i>T. gondii</i> in wild boars in Khuzestan Province, Iran.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seroprevalence of <i>T. gondii</i> antibodies was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), employing a commercial kit (Calbiotech), whereas molecular detection was carried out through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the <i>B1</i> gene of <i>T. gondii</i> on tissue samples (tongue, muscle, diaphragm and heart). Thirty wild boars were sampled from the regions of Shush, Shushtar, Dezful and Abadan, and both blood and tissue samples were analysed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, the seroprevalence of <i>T. gondii</i> antibodies was found to be 83.3% (25/30) among wild boar serum samples using ELISA. Molecular detection through PCR identified <i>T. gondii</i> DNA in 46.7% (14/30) of tissue samples, with the highest detection rates in tongue tissues (64%), followed by muscle (21%) and diaphragm (14%). No positive results were found in heart samples, and no animal had multiple tissues testing positive. All PCR-positive cases corresponded with positive ELISA results, and a statistically significant difference was observed in parasite prevalence across different tissues (<i>p</i> = 0.002).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although consumption of wild boar meat is banned in Iran, illegal hunting and consumption remain a concern. The high prevalence of <i>T. gondii</i> in wild boars poses a potential risk for transmission through the illegal consumption of undercooked or raw meat. This study highlights the need for public health interventions to control the illegal trade of wild boar meat and reduce the risk of toxoplasmosis transmission. Further research is recommended to investigate <i>T. gondii</i> distribution in other tissues, including the brain, and to better understand the parasite's epidemiology in this region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 2","pages":"166-173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142772868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}