Pub Date : 2026-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2026.345216
Wuji Shuoti, Ruihan Peng, Xuemei Wang, Qiuxia Liu, Yixin Huang, Lishuo Liu, Yanyu Jiang, Jie Wen, Lian Zhong, Lujun Wang
Background
Bisphenols are widely used in thermal paper, inks, coatings, and other fields. Among them, abnormal concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA) can disrupt the human endocrine system, making it essential to closely monitor BPA levels in environmental and daily life samples. Owing to its strong separation and analytical capabilities, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) enables accurate analysis of compounds in complex real-world samples. Among various HPLC stationary phases, dendritic stationary phase materials have attracted significant attention due to their unique branched spatial structure. Therefore, it is of great research importance to continuously investigate dendritic HPLC stationary phases, expand their variety, and broaden their applications.
Results
The novel dendrimer based stationary phase named as Sil-G1-BDDE-TTCA was synthesized by modifying 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether and trithiocyanuric acid onto silica surfaces via thiol-epoxy click reaction. Through three repeated grafting, the third-generation stationary phase named as Sil-G3-BDDE-TTCA was prepared. The C18 modified dendrimer based stationary phase named as Sil-G3-BDDE-TTCA-C18 was finally prepared using 1-octadecene as a capping functional monomer. These dendritic stationary phases were characterized by Elemental analysis, Thermogravimetric analysis, Scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. To evaluate the hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and π-π interactions of the prepared dendritic stationary phases, test mixtures including alkylbenzenes, positional isomers, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nucleosides, and flavonoids were analyzed. The Tanaka test was employed to compare the chromatographic performance of different stationary phases. Thermodynamic parameters for the retention of alkylbenzenes and positional isomers on these stationary phases were calculated to investigate the effect of temperature on chromatographic behavior. The reproducibility of these prepared dendritic columns was investigated, yielding satisfactory results.
Significance
For the first time, a dendritic mixed-mode stationary phase was fabricated via thiol-epoxy click reaction for detecting bisphenols in actual samples. This strategy overcomes the time-consuming and inefficient synthesis of traditional dendritic phases, offering a novel route for dendritic materials and extending their environmental applications.
{"title":"Dendritic mixed-mode stationary phases prepared by thiol-epoxy click reaction for the determination of bisphenols in a variety of complex samples","authors":"Wuji Shuoti, Ruihan Peng, Xuemei Wang, Qiuxia Liu, Yixin Huang, Lishuo Liu, Yanyu Jiang, Jie Wen, Lian Zhong, Lujun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aca.2026.345216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2026.345216","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Background</h3>Bisphenols are widely used in thermal paper, inks, coatings, and other fields. Among them, abnormal concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA) can disrupt the human endocrine system, making it essential to closely monitor BPA levels in environmental and daily life samples. Owing to its strong separation and analytical capabilities, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) enables accurate analysis of compounds in complex real-world samples. Among various HPLC stationary phases, dendritic stationary phase materials have attracted significant attention due to their unique branched spatial structure. Therefore, it is of great research importance to continuously investigate dendritic HPLC stationary phases, expand their variety, and broaden their applications.<h3>Results</h3>The novel dendrimer based stationary phase named as Sil-G1-BDDE-TTCA was synthesized by modifying 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether and trithiocyanuric acid onto silica surfaces via thiol-epoxy click reaction. Through three repeated grafting, the third-generation stationary phase named as Sil-G3-BDDE-TTCA was prepared. The C18 modified dendrimer based stationary phase named as Sil-G3-BDDE-TTCA-C18 was finally prepared using 1-octadecene as a capping functional monomer. These dendritic stationary phases were characterized by Elemental analysis, Thermogravimetric analysis, Scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. To evaluate the hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and <em>π-π</em> interactions of the prepared dendritic stationary phases, test mixtures including alkylbenzenes, positional isomers, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nucleosides, and flavonoids were analyzed. The Tanaka test was employed to compare the chromatographic performance of different stationary phases. Thermodynamic parameters for the retention of alkylbenzenes and positional isomers on these stationary phases were calculated to investigate the effect of temperature on chromatographic behavior. The reproducibility of these prepared dendritic columns was investigated, yielding satisfactory results.<h3>Significance</h3>For the first time, a dendritic mixed-mode stationary phase was fabricated via thiol-epoxy click reaction for detecting bisphenols in actual samples. This strategy overcomes the time-consuming and inefficient synthesis of traditional dendritic phases, offering a novel route for dendritic materials and extending their environmental applications.","PeriodicalId":240,"journal":{"name":"Analytica Chimica Acta","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
β2−agonists, also known as β2−adrenoceptor agonists, are secreted by the adrenal medulla of the animal body and have a characteristic catecholamine structure. When inhaled, the drug rapidly relaxes the smooth muscles of the airways in asthma patients, improves ventilation, and temporarily increases alertness during exercise and helps relieve fatigue. However, the use of β2−agonists to improve physical performance in a short period of time can lead to extreme dependence and irritation, and there are still many unknown hazards. They are now on the World Anti−Doping Organization (WADA) prohibited list.
Results
Surface−enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) can directly detect the characteristic peaks associated with β2−agonist compounds in a fast and sensitive manner. This study is the first to utilize a direct Raman detection technique, achieving successful acquisition of the fingerprint spectra of three target analytes (vilanterol, fenoterol, bambuterol) as well as the establishment of a corresponding fingerprint spectral analysis method. To further improve its performance, in this study, gold nanoparticles were synthesized via redox methods and integrated with covalent organic framework (COF) to construct a novel highly sensitive detection platform for β2−agonists. The Au−COF composite exhibits high adsorption performance and can significantly enhance the SERS signal of the target, thereby achieving low detection limits, including 9.25 × 10−6 g·mL−1 for bambuterol, 9.76 × 10−6 g·mL−1 for vilanterol, and 7.54 × 10−6 g·mL−1 for fenoterol, which makes it promising for improving the overall sensitivity of β2−agonist detection.
Significance
This study develops a novel analytical method utilizing Au−COF composites for highly sensitive SERS detection. It pioneers the application of this strategy in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of trace β2-agonists. The research not only significantly expands the scope of Au−COF composites but also provides a technologically promising approach with substantial practical value for ensuring medical safety through clinical medication monitoring and for detecting banned substances in sports.
{"title":"SERS Fingerprinting of β2-Agonists for Anti-Doping Based on Au-COF Substrate","authors":"Siqing Liu, Liping Chen, Xingju Li, Ruxi Lin, Yunxin Zhang, Xiaojun Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.aca.2026.345206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2026.345206","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Background</h3>β<sub>2</sub>−agonists, also known as β<sub>2</sub>−adrenoceptor agonists, are secreted by the adrenal medulla of the animal body and have a characteristic catecholamine structure. When inhaled, the drug rapidly relaxes the smooth muscles of the airways in asthma patients, improves ventilation, and temporarily increases alertness during exercise and helps relieve fatigue. However, the use of β<sub>2</sub>−agonists to improve physical performance in a short period of time can lead to extreme dependence and irritation, and there are still many unknown hazards. They are now on the World Anti−Doping Organization (WADA) prohibited list.<h3>Results</h3>Surface−enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) can directly detect the characteristic peaks associated with β<sub>2</sub>−agonist compounds in a fast and sensitive manner. This study is the first to utilize a direct Raman detection technique, achieving successful acquisition of the fingerprint spectra of three target analytes (vilanterol, fenoterol, bambuterol) as well as the establishment of a corresponding fingerprint spectral analysis method. To further improve its performance, in this study, gold nanoparticles were synthesized via redox methods and integrated with covalent organic framework (COF) to construct a novel highly sensitive detection platform for β<sub>2</sub>−agonists. The Au−COF composite exhibits high adsorption performance and can significantly enhance the SERS signal of the target, thereby achieving low detection limits, including 9.25 × 10<sup>−6</sup> g·mL<sup>−1</sup> for bambuterol, 9.76 × 10<sup>−6</sup> g·mL<sup>−1</sup> for vilanterol, and 7.54 × 10<sup>−6</sup> g·mL<sup>−1</sup> for fenoterol, which makes it promising for improving the overall sensitivity of β<sub>2</sub>−agonist detection.<h3>Significance</h3>This study develops a novel analytical method utilizing Au−COF composites for highly sensitive SERS detection. It pioneers the application of this strategy in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of trace β2-agonists. The research not only significantly expands the scope of Au−COF composites but also provides a technologically promising approach with substantial practical value for ensuring medical safety through clinical medication monitoring and for detecting banned substances in sports.","PeriodicalId":240,"journal":{"name":"Analytica Chimica Acta","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146129704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2026.345205
Adel Ehab Ibrahim, Samy G. Alamir, Ghanem Al-Thani, Sami El Deeb, Ahmed Al-Harrasi
Background
Molecular chirality has a profound impact on pharmaceutical drugs’ efficacy and safety. Thus, chiral recognition plays a vital role in drug development throughout all process stages. LF is a globular glycoprotein composed of approximately 700 amino acids, that’s capable of providing multiple interactions through its amino acid residues.
Results
In the proposed research, lactoferrin (LF) was covalently immobilized for the first time using a monolithic epoxy stationary phase via a Schiff’s base formation as chiral selector (CS). LF-CS was evaluated for the enantioselective HPLC separation of 18 racemic pharmaceutical drugs. The chromatographic conditions were optimized for optimum enantio-separation. LF-CS proved its potential as a CS enabling the enantioseparation of 10 drug racemates: cetirizine, omeprazole, lansoprazole, dapoxetine, doxazosin, nebivolol, atenolol, bisoprolol, chlorthalidone and ofloxacin. Moreover, in-silico molecular docking studies were conducted to help understand the separation modes. LF as a CS reported hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, π bonding, Van der Waals forces, and electrostatic interactions. Finally, the novel LF-CS was applied to determine the enantiomeric purity of marketed single-enantiomer pharmaceutical products, demonstrating its ability to verify their composition and identify impurities.
Significance
HPLC remains the primary choice for all pharmaceutical research, as it offers higher sensitivity, reliability, and reproducibility. This work introduces LF as a novel, multifunctional CS for HPLC, covalently immobilized for the first time, expanding the toolbox of protein-based chiral stationary phases. Moreover, the study also offers a critical insight into the limitations of relying solely on computational predictions, empirically demonstrating that solvent effects can override binding affinities, a phenomenon not captured by standard docking simulations.
{"title":"Exploring Lactoferrin as an Innovative Covalently Immobilized Chiral Selector for the Selective Separation of Pharmaceutical Enantiomers Using HPLC","authors":"Adel Ehab Ibrahim, Samy G. Alamir, Ghanem Al-Thani, Sami El Deeb, Ahmed Al-Harrasi","doi":"10.1016/j.aca.2026.345205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2026.345205","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Background</h3>Molecular chirality has a profound impact on pharmaceutical drugs’ efficacy and safety. Thus, chiral recognition plays a vital role in drug development throughout all process stages. LF is a globular glycoprotein composed of approximately 700 amino acids, that’s capable of providing multiple interactions through its amino acid residues.<h3>Results</h3>In the proposed research, lactoferrin (LF) was covalently immobilized for the first time using a monolithic epoxy stationary phase via a Schiff’s base formation as chiral selector (CS). LF-CS was evaluated for the enantioselective HPLC separation of 18 racemic pharmaceutical drugs. The chromatographic conditions were optimized for optimum enantio-separation. LF-CS proved its potential as a CS enabling the enantioseparation of 10 drug racemates: cetirizine, omeprazole, lansoprazole, dapoxetine, doxazosin, nebivolol, atenolol, bisoprolol, chlorthalidone and ofloxacin. Moreover, <em>in-silico</em> molecular docking studies were conducted to help understand the separation modes. LF as a CS reported hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, π bonding, Van der Waals forces, and electrostatic interactions. Finally, the novel LF-CS was applied to determine the enantiomeric purity of marketed single-enantiomer pharmaceutical products, demonstrating its ability to verify their composition and identify impurities.<h3>Significance</h3>HPLC remains the primary choice for all pharmaceutical research, as it offers higher sensitivity, reliability, and reproducibility. This work introduces LF as a novel, multifunctional CS for HPLC, covalently immobilized for the first time, expanding the toolbox of protein-based chiral stationary phases. Moreover, the study also offers a critical insight into the limitations of relying solely on computational predictions, empirically demonstrating that solvent effects can override binding affinities, a phenomenon not captured by standard docking simulations.","PeriodicalId":240,"journal":{"name":"Analytica Chimica Acta","volume":"182 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As the land-based mineral deposits are depleting fast, deep-sea metal mineral resources have been proven to have a great mining value. Traditional deep-sea mineral detection techniques require ore samples to be brought back to the laboratory by geological sampling methods for chemical analysis. This approach suffers from substantial time delays and cannot provide real-time, large-scale and rapid feedback during the mining process. Therefore, there is a critical demand for the rapid and in-situ technique of underwater ores identification without requiring the ore samples to be brought back to the laboratory.
Results
We combined LIBS and time-gated Raman spectroscopy for the rapid identification of underwater ores. An integrated LIBS-Raman setup was built based on a same laser and a same spectrometer, to acquire both the elemental and molecular information of ore samples immersed in deionized water. PLS-DA was used to establish the classification model based on the LIBS and Raman spectra. Two data fusion strategies including data-level fusion and feature-level fusion were used for the combination of LIBS and Raman data. The data fusion strategies offer a significant improvement in ores classification compared to using the individual LIBS or Raman data. The data-level fusion model provides the best classification accuracy of 99.11%, while the feature-level fusion model has a slightly lower accuracy of 98.44% but with a much reduced computation time. The feature selection by successive projections algorithm (SPA) involved in the feature-level fusion improves the computing efficiency and the interpretability of the model.
Significance
The present results demonstrated the capability of LIBS and Raman techniques for the rapid identification of underwater ores. The integrated setup that combining LIBS with time-gated Raman spectroscopy based on a same laser source and a same spectrometer could be beneficial for developing down-sizing and low-power consumed underwater devices for the future deep-sea mining applications.
{"title":"Combining laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and time-gated Raman spectroscopy for underwater ores identification","authors":"Jiaojian Song, Ye Tian, Yuanyuan Xue, Qingxi Liu, Pingsai Chu, Jinjia Guo, Yuan Lu, Ronger Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.aca.2026.345204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2026.345204","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Background</h3>As the land-based mineral deposits are depleting fast, deep-sea metal mineral resources have been proven to have a great mining value. Traditional deep-sea mineral detection techniques require ore samples to be brought back to the laboratory by geological sampling methods for chemical analysis. This approach suffers from substantial time delays and cannot provide real-time, large-scale and rapid feedback during the mining process. Therefore, there is a critical demand for the rapid and in-situ technique of underwater ores identification without requiring the ore samples to be brought back to the laboratory.<h3>Results</h3>We combined LIBS and time-gated Raman spectroscopy for the rapid identification of underwater ores. An integrated LIBS-Raman setup was built based on a same laser and a same spectrometer, to acquire both the elemental and molecular information of ore samples immersed in deionized water. PLS-DA was used to establish the classification model based on the LIBS and Raman spectra. Two data fusion strategies including data-level fusion and feature-level fusion were used for the combination of LIBS and Raman data. The data fusion strategies offer a significant improvement in ores classification compared to using the individual LIBS or Raman data. The data-level fusion model provides the best classification accuracy of 99.11%, while the feature-level fusion model has a slightly lower accuracy of 98.44% but with a much reduced computation time. The feature selection by successive projections algorithm (SPA) involved in the feature-level fusion improves the computing efficiency and the interpretability of the model.<h3>Significance</h3>The present results demonstrated the capability of LIBS and Raman techniques for the rapid identification of underwater ores. The integrated setup that combining LIBS with time-gated Raman spectroscopy based on a same laser source and a same spectrometer could be beneficial for developing down-sizing and low-power consumed underwater devices for the future deep-sea mining applications.","PeriodicalId":240,"journal":{"name":"Analytica Chimica Acta","volume":"293 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146129703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The identification of structural features is an essential prerequisite for the determination of DNA secondary structures and investigating structural formation mechanisms. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, fluorescence (FL) spectroscopy, and thermal difference spectra (TDS) have already been used to monitor the DNA secondary structures due to their advantages in operation simplicity, detection speed and lower cost. However, each individual spectroscopic method has limitations in providing comprehensive structural information. Therefore, we propose that integrating these three spectroscopic techniques could improve the classification accuracy of DNA secondary structures—though to date, no related studies have been reported.
Results
In this assay, a combination method of CD, FL, and TDS was proposed through machine learning (ML). Principal component analysis (PCA) was firstly used to reduce the dimensionality and facilitate data analysis, and then, three machine learning methods, including linear discriminant analysis (LDA), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), and support vector machine (SVM), are employed to deeply excavate more structure-related information of CD, FL, and TDS spectra. Combined with a two-step ML strategy, 79 out of 85 DNA sequences, that fall into G4, iM and DS category respectively, were correctly classified (classification accuracy of 0.95). Thus, we achieved the goal of predicting unknown DNA secondary structures by combining CD, FL, and TDS spectra, and demonstrated the superiority of the combination of three spectra in DNA structure identification.
Significance
The method is significantly superior to the single spectroscopic technique. Thus, a simple, fast and cost-efficient spectroscopic platform for direct and comprehensive identification of DNA secondary structures has been established. By building a multispectral database and using ML methods, the accurate and comprehensive identification of unknown DNA secondary structures will finally be realized.
{"title":"Classification of DNA secondary structures by combining multiple spectral techniques with machine learning","authors":"Hong Luo, Guantong Xu, Yujing Zhang, Xiaoxuan Xiang, Hao Wang, Xinhua Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.aca.2026.345195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2026.345195","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Background</h3>The identification of structural features is an essential prerequisite for the determination of DNA secondary structures and investigating structural formation mechanisms. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, fluorescence (FL) spectroscopy, and thermal difference spectra (TDS) have already been used to monitor the DNA secondary structures due to their advantages in operation simplicity, detection speed and lower cost. However, each individual spectroscopic method has limitations in providing comprehensive structural information. Therefore, we propose that integrating these three spectroscopic techniques could improve the classification accuracy of DNA secondary structures—though to date, no related studies have been reported.<h3>Results</h3>In this assay, a combination method of CD, FL, and TDS was proposed through machine learning (ML). Principal component analysis (PCA) was firstly used to reduce the dimensionality and facilitate data analysis, and then, three machine learning methods, including linear discriminant analysis (LDA), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), and support vector machine (SVM), are employed to deeply excavate more structure-related information of CD, FL, and TDS spectra. Combined with a two-step ML strategy, 79 out of 85 DNA sequences, that fall into G4, iM and DS category respectively, were correctly classified (classification accuracy of 0.95). Thus, we achieved the goal of predicting unknown DNA secondary structures by combining CD, FL, and TDS spectra, and demonstrated the superiority of the combination of three spectra in DNA structure identification.<h3>Significance</h3>The method is significantly superior to the single spectroscopic technique. Thus, a simple, fast and cost-efficient spectroscopic platform for direct and comprehensive identification of DNA secondary structures has been established. By building a multispectral database and using ML methods, the accurate and comprehensive identification of unknown DNA secondary structures will finally be realized.","PeriodicalId":240,"journal":{"name":"Analytica Chimica Acta","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146129535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2026.345186
Di Chen , Yixin Ma , Xirui Pei , Wenxuan Li , Chenqi Niu , Haobo Zheng
Background
Sulfonamides are extensively used antimicrobials, but residues in food raise health risks such as allergies, antimicrobial resistance, and carcinogenicity. Strict residue limits require sensitive and efficient monitoring methods. While LC-FLD is selective and practical, conventional workflows rely on multi-step extraction and derivatization, which are time-consuming. A streamlined strategy integrating extraction and derivatization into a single operation is needed for practical residue analysis in complex food matrices.
Results
A novel multi-functional effervescent tablet was developed to unify effervescence, derivatization, and extraction in one step. The tablet incorporates effervescent precursors (Na2CO3/NaH2PO4), fluorescamine (a derivatization reagent), Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (an adsorbent). Upon immersion, CO2 bubbles promote rapid dispersion of reagents and in-situ assembly of a magnetic composite adsorbent, enabling simultaneous derivatization and efficient extraction of sulfonamides. The core tablet-mediated procedure requires only 4 min, with desorption achieved in 0.5 min using acetone. Validation demonstrated excellent linearity (R2 > 0.998), low detection limits (0.130–0.285 ng/g), and recoveries of 82.6–107.0% with RSDs <10%. Application to spiked honey confirmed accuracy, with relative errors ranging from −8.9% to +9.2%. Comparative studies showed performance equivalent to conventional multi-step protocols, while reducing handling steps and solvent use during the extraction phase.
Significance
This integrated effervescence/derivatization/extraction strategy streamlines sulfonamide residue analysis into a rapid, cost-effective, and easily automatable workflow. While sample pretreatment is still required for complex matrices, the tablet-based step significantly reduces manual handling and solvent consumption during the extraction and derivatization process. Its compatibility with LC-FLD provides a practical and cost-effective alternative to LC-MS, supporting reliable food safety surveillance within regulatory standards.
{"title":"A multi-functional effervescent tablet for one-pot effervescent/derivatization/extraction: An integrated strategy for sulfonamide residue analysis","authors":"Di Chen , Yixin Ma , Xirui Pei , Wenxuan Li , Chenqi Niu , Haobo Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.aca.2026.345186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aca.2026.345186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sulfonamides are extensively used antimicrobials, but residues in food raise health risks such as allergies, antimicrobial resistance, and carcinogenicity. Strict residue limits require sensitive and efficient monitoring methods. While LC-FLD is selective and practical, conventional workflows rely on multi-step extraction and derivatization, which are time-consuming. A streamlined strategy integrating extraction and derivatization into a single operation is needed for practical residue analysis in complex food matrices.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A novel multi-functional effervescent tablet was developed to unify effervescence, derivatization, and extraction in one step. The tablet incorporates effervescent precursors (Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>/NaH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>), fluorescamine (a derivatization reagent), Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles, and hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (an adsorbent). Upon immersion, CO<sub>2</sub> bubbles promote rapid dispersion of reagents and in-situ assembly of a magnetic composite adsorbent, enabling simultaneous derivatization and efficient extraction of sulfonamides. The core tablet-mediated procedure requires only 4 min, with desorption achieved in 0.5 min using acetone. Validation demonstrated excellent linearity (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.998), low detection limits (0.130–0.285 ng/g), and recoveries of 82.6–107.0% with RSDs <10%. Application to spiked honey confirmed accuracy, with relative errors ranging from −8.9% to +9.2%. Comparative studies showed performance equivalent to conventional multi-step protocols, while reducing handling steps and solvent use during the extraction phase.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>This integrated effervescence/derivatization/extraction strategy streamlines sulfonamide residue analysis into a rapid, cost-effective, and easily automatable workflow. While sample pretreatment is still required for complex matrices, the tablet-based step significantly reduces manual handling and solvent consumption during the extraction and derivatization process. Its compatibility with LC-FLD provides a practical and cost-effective alternative to LC-MS, supporting reliable food safety surveillance within regulatory standards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":240,"journal":{"name":"Analytica Chimica Acta","volume":"1393 ","pages":"Article 345186"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146111014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2026.345191
Jie Yang , Chao Fu , Yicong Zhou , Hua Zhang , Xiangzhi Song , Dandan Li , Chuanxiang Liu
Background
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and hypochlorous acid (HClO), as critical reactive sulfur (RSS) and oxygen (ROS) species, respectively play dual roles in physiological regulation and food safety. While numerous fluorescent probes exist for individual detection of H2S or HClO, dual-functional probes remain rare despite their significant potential in food safety, environmental monitoring, and biomedicine.
Results
A novel A-π-A (acceptor-π-bridge-acceptor) type near-infrared fluorescent probe, DCIQ-DNBS, was developed for the first time, featuring dual-response mechanisms for individual and sequential detection of H2S and HClO via H2S-triggered thiolysis of the 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl (DNBS) and HClO mediated DNBS-deprotection-oxidation of electron-deficient CC bond cascade oxidation. The probe DCIQ-DNBS demonstrates exceptional selectivity and rapid response times, and offers dual-channel fluorescence signaling with non-overlapping emissions: a near-infrared response at 740 nm for H2S (LOD, 49 nM) and a short-wavelength yellow emission at 562 nm for HClO (LOD, 40 nM). Practical applications were demonstrated through DCIQ-DNBS loaded portable test strips, which successfully enabled visual monitoring of gaseous H2S in food spoilage samples and quantitative tracing of HClO in foods. Furthermore, cellular studies revealed the probe's capability to detect elevated levels of both H2S and HClO in HeLa cells.
Significance and novelty
This novel single-probe system enables the individual and sequential detection of two distinct analytes in a single assay. By generating unique emission signals for each target, it eliminates the need for separate tests or complex separation steps, thereby revolutionizing efficiency in fields like food safety monitoring.
{"title":"A deprotection-oxidation cascade-regulated dual-responsive near-infrared fluorescent probe for individual and sequential detection of H2S/HClO with applications in food safety monitoring","authors":"Jie Yang , Chao Fu , Yicong Zhou , Hua Zhang , Xiangzhi Song , Dandan Li , Chuanxiang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.aca.2026.345191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aca.2026.345191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) and hypochlorous acid (HClO), as critical reactive sulfur (RSS) and oxygen (ROS) species, respectively play dual roles in physiological regulation and food safety. While numerous fluorescent probes exist for individual detection of H<sub>2</sub>S or HClO, dual-functional probes remain rare despite their significant potential in food safety, environmental monitoring, and biomedicine.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A novel A-π-A (acceptor-π-bridge-acceptor) type near-infrared fluorescent probe, <strong>DCIQ-DNBS</strong>, was developed for the first time, featuring dual-response mechanisms for individual and sequential detection of H<sub>2</sub>S and HClO via H<sub>2</sub>S-triggered thiolysis of the 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl (DNBS) and HClO mediated DNBS<strong>-</strong>deprotection-oxidation of electron-deficient C<img>C bond cascade oxidation. The probe <strong>DCIQ-DNBS</strong> demonstrates exceptional selectivity and rapid response times, and offers dual-channel fluorescence signaling with non-overlapping emissions: a near-infrared response at 740 nm for H<sub>2</sub>S (LOD, 49 nM) and a short-wavelength yellow emission at 562 nm for HClO (LOD, 40 nM). Practical applications were demonstrated through <strong>DCIQ-DNBS</strong> loaded portable test strips, which successfully enabled visual monitoring of gaseous H<sub>2</sub>S in food spoilage samples and quantitative tracing of HClO in foods. Furthermore, cellular studies revealed the probe's capability to detect elevated levels of both H<sub>2</sub>S and HClO in HeLa cells.</div></div><div><h3>Significance and novelty</h3><div>This novel single-probe system enables the individual and sequential detection of two distinct analytes in a single assay. By generating unique emission signals for each target, it eliminates the need for separate tests or complex separation steps, thereby revolutionizing efficiency in fields like food safety monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":240,"journal":{"name":"Analytica Chimica Acta","volume":"1393 ","pages":"Article 345191"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146111015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2026.345189
Jianjun Wang, Shuyuan Zhang, Qingqing Wang, Haijiang Gong, Boyu Chen, Qi Liu, Lili Feng, Shili Gai, Piaoping Yang
A colorimetric sensor based on aptamer-functionalized nanozyme probes was successfully developed for the sensitive and specific detection of influenza A (H1N1) virus. In this study, trimetallic nickel-palladium-gold hollow nanozymes (NPA) with excellent peroxidase (POD)-like activity were used as catalytic probes. Compared to the horseradish peroxidase (HRP), the NPA nanozyme exhibits superior peroxidase-like activity, demonstrating a lower Michaelis constant (Km) and a higher maximum reaction rate (Vmax) for the substrates TMB and H2O2, indicating enhanced substrate affinity. Via the gold-sulfur bond interaction, thiol-modified aptamers that could specifically recognize H1N1 hemagglutinin (HA) were immobilized on the nanozyme surface, enabling accurate HA recognition under two detection methods: (1) For the colorimetric biosensor, the binding of HA to the aptamer formed an interfacial steric hindrance layer on the nanozyme surface, which inhibited the catalytic reaction, leading to a significant decrease in absorbance; (2) In the modified ELISA, the "antibody-HA-aptamer" sandwich structure enriched nanozymes at the detection interface, and a color signal enhancement correlated with HA concentration was observed after adding the chromogenic substrate. Experimental results showed that the dual-mode method achieved linear detection ranges of 2–250 ng·mL-1 and 2–62.5 ng·mL-1 for HA protein, with limits of detection (LODs) as low as 1.5 ng·mL-1 and 1.2 ng·mL-1, respectively. This method also exhibited good specificity against other influenza virus subtypes (e.g., H5N1) and was successfully applied to the detection of inactivated H1N1 virus in serum samples. Furthermore, by integrating a smartphone-based colorimetric analysis system, demonstrating its potential for rapid and on-site detection of the H1N1 virus. This work provides a new insight for the development of target-specific nanozyme sensors.
{"title":"Aptamer Modified NPA Hollow Nanozymes with Intrinsic Peroxidase-Like Activity for Colorimetric Sensing of H1N1","authors":"Jianjun Wang, Shuyuan Zhang, Qingqing Wang, Haijiang Gong, Boyu Chen, Qi Liu, Lili Feng, Shili Gai, Piaoping Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.aca.2026.345189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2026.345189","url":null,"abstract":"A colorimetric sensor based on aptamer-functionalized nanozyme probes was successfully developed for the sensitive and specific detection of influenza A (H1N1) virus. In this study, trimetallic nickel-palladium-gold hollow nanozymes (NPA) with excellent peroxidase (POD)-like activity were used as catalytic probes. Compared to the horseradish peroxidase (HRP), the NPA nanozyme exhibits superior peroxidase-like activity, demonstrating a lower Michaelis constant (<em>K</em><sub>m</sub>) and a higher maximum reaction rate (<em>V</em><sub>max</sub>) for the substrates TMB and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, indicating enhanced substrate affinity. Via the gold-sulfur bond interaction, thiol-modified aptamers that could specifically recognize H1N1 hemagglutinin (HA) were immobilized on the nanozyme surface, enabling accurate HA recognition under two detection methods: (1) For the colorimetric biosensor, the binding of HA to the aptamer formed an interfacial steric hindrance layer on the nanozyme surface, which inhibited the catalytic reaction, leading to a significant decrease in absorbance; (2) In the modified ELISA, the \"antibody-HA-aptamer\" sandwich structure enriched nanozymes at the detection interface, and a color signal enhancement correlated with HA concentration was observed after adding the chromogenic substrate. Experimental results showed that the dual-mode method achieved linear detection ranges of 2–250 ng·mL<sup>-1</sup> and 2–62.5 ng·mL<sup>-1</sup> for HA protein, with limits of detection (LODs) as low as 1.5 ng·mL<sup>-1</sup> and 1.2 ng·mL<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. This method also exhibited good specificity against other influenza virus subtypes (e.g., H5N1) and was successfully applied to the detection of inactivated H1N1 virus in serum samples. Furthermore, by integrating a smartphone-based colorimetric analysis system, demonstrating its potential for rapid and on-site detection of the H1N1 virus. This work provides a new insight for the development of target-specific nanozyme sensors.","PeriodicalId":240,"journal":{"name":"Analytica Chimica Acta","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2026.345192
Biyao Dai , Quanyong Dong , Taiqi Hao , Shenghui Zhang , Dong Xu , Ying Xiong , Wang Li , Qian Wen , Zhimei Huang , Jiali Ren
Background
Nitrite residues pose significant threats to food safety, as excessive consumption of this may cause serious health risks to human. Conventional techniques such as Griess reagent and chromatographic methods can successfully quantify nitrite levels, but these approaches often suffer from complex sample preparation, poor selectivity, expensive instrumentation, necessitate professional operators and time-consuming procedures. These limitations restrict their practical application for detection nitrites in point-of-care testing (POCT). Therefore, developing sensitive and portable nitrite detection methods remains critically important for food safety monitoring.
Results
Herein, we developed a novel dual-mode sensing platform based on composite nanozymes PB@MIL-100(Fe)@ATP for sensitive, selective and portable nitrite detection. This platform integrates Prussian Blue with MIL-100(Fe) metal-organic framework and exploits adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as an enhancer. The resulting PB@MIL-100(Fe)@ATP demonstrated excellent peroxidase-like (POD-like) catalytic activity, which catalyzes the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to form blue-colored oxidized TMB (TMBox) with a characteristic absorption peak at 652 nm. In the presence of nitrites, TMBox specifically undergoes diazotization under acidic conditions to produce yellow diazotized TMB, exhibiting increased absorbance at 450 nm while decreasing at 652 nm. The ratiometric colorimetric assay achieved a detection limit of 0.17 μM within 20 min through absorbance ratio analysis at 652/450 nm. Furthermore, a smartphone-assisted hydrogel sensing method with detection limit of 1.68 μM was developed for point-of-care nitrites monitoring through image capture and color analysis, providing equipment-free operation.
Significance
The ATP-enhanced PB@MIL-100(Fe) nanozyme was successfully applied to detect nitrites with high recovery rates in real pickled vegetables, sauerkraut, and sausage samples. This dual-mode platform demonstrated excellent selectivity, high quantitative accuracy, and practical applicability in complex food matrices, providing a simple, rapid and versatile tool for on-site food safety monitoring.
{"title":"·ATP-enhanced PB@MIL-100(Fe) nanozyme enables dual-mode ratiometric colorimetric and smartphone-based hydrogel detection of nitrite in food samples","authors":"Biyao Dai , Quanyong Dong , Taiqi Hao , Shenghui Zhang , Dong Xu , Ying Xiong , Wang Li , Qian Wen , Zhimei Huang , Jiali Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.aca.2026.345192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aca.2026.345192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nitrite residues pose significant threats to food safety, as excessive consumption of this may cause serious health risks to human. Conventional techniques such as Griess reagent and chromatographic methods can successfully quantify nitrite levels, but these approaches often suffer from complex sample preparation, poor selectivity, expensive instrumentation, necessitate professional operators and time-consuming procedures. These limitations restrict their practical application for detection nitrites in point-of-care testing (POCT). Therefore, developing sensitive and portable nitrite detection methods remains critically important for food safety monitoring.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Herein, we developed a novel dual-mode sensing platform based on composite nanozymes PB@MIL-100(Fe)@ATP for sensitive, selective and portable nitrite detection. This platform integrates Prussian Blue with MIL-100(Fe) metal-organic framework and exploits adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as an enhancer. The resulting PB@MIL-100(Fe)@ATP demonstrated excellent peroxidase-like (POD-like) catalytic activity, which catalyzes the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to form blue-colored oxidized TMB (TMBox) with a characteristic absorption peak at 652 nm. In the presence of nitrites, TMBox specifically undergoes diazotization under acidic conditions to produce yellow diazotized TMB, exhibiting increased absorbance at 450 nm while decreasing at 652 nm. The ratiometric colorimetric assay achieved a detection limit of 0.17 μM within 20 min through absorbance ratio analysis at 652/450 nm. Furthermore, a smartphone-assisted hydrogel sensing method with detection limit of 1.68 μM was developed for point-of-care nitrites monitoring through image capture and color analysis, providing equipment-free operation.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>The ATP-enhanced PB@MIL-100(Fe) nanozyme was successfully applied to detect nitrites with high recovery rates in real pickled vegetables, sauerkraut, and sausage samples. This dual-mode platform demonstrated excellent selectivity, high quantitative accuracy, and practical applicability in complex food matrices, providing a simple, rapid and versatile tool for on-site food safety monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":240,"journal":{"name":"Analytica Chimica Acta","volume":"1393 ","pages":"Article 345192"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2026.345185
Yudong Wang, Yanxin Li, Yinan Zhan, Jie Yang, Yuxin Zhang, Lei Wang, Xiliang Luo
{"title":"A Protease-Resistant and Anti-Fouling Electrochemical Biosensing Interface Constructed with DL-Serine Modified Y-Shaped Peptides for Reliable Analysis of Aminopeptidase N in Human Serum","authors":"Yudong Wang, Yanxin Li, Yinan Zhan, Jie Yang, Yuxin Zhang, Lei Wang, Xiliang Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.aca.2026.345185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2026.345185","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":240,"journal":{"name":"Analytica Chimica Acta","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146095760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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