Analytica Chimica Acta最新文献

{"title":"“Click” post-synthesis of chiral microporous organic network for chiral high-performance liquid chromatographic separation","authors":"Han Li,&nbsp;Ke Li,&nbsp;Yuan-Yuan Cui,&nbsp;Cheng-Xiong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.aca.2024.343377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aca.2024.343377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Chiral separation is of great significance but remains challenging in analytical chemistry. Chiral stationary phase based high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is regarded as one of the most effective and widely used methods for chiral resolution. Microporous organic networks (MONs) are an emerging class of porous materials with designable topology, large surface area, abundant micropores, and excellent stabilities that have attracted tremendous interests in chromatographic separation. However, the usage of chiral MONs as chiral stationary phases for chiral HPLC separation has not been reported so far.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Herein, we present the first example of chiral MON@SiO₂-L-Cys as a novel stationary phase for chiral HPLC. MON@SiO₂-L-Cys is post-synthesized with <span>l</span>-cysteine (L-Cys) via the specific thiol-yne click reaction. The packed MON@SiO₂-L-Cys column is able to separate chiral aromatic alcohols, esters, and nitriles with good resolution (4.00 for 2-phenyl-2-pentanol) and high selectivity (3.56 for propranolol hydrochloride). Effects of sample dosage, mobile phase composition, and separation temperature are studied. The MON@SiO₂-L-Cys packed column also exhibits chiral recognition complementarity with three commercial chiral columns. For example, 2-amino-2-phenylethanol and propranolol hydrochloride are able to achieve baseline separation on MON@SiO₂-L-Cys packed column, but cannot be separated on commercial Chiralpak IA, IB, and IH columns. In addition, the MON@SiO₂-L-Cys packed column gives comparable separation performance for 2-phenyl-2-pentanol even after 9 months’ utilization.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>This work reports the first example of constructing chiral MON-based stationary phase for chiral HPLC separation via the facile click post-synthesis strategy. This study demonstrates the considerable prospect of chiral MONs as efficient chiral stationary phases for chiral HPLC and may open up a new area of MONs in chiral separation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":240,"journal":{"name":"Analytica Chimica Acta","volume":"1332 ","pages":"Article 343377"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142520243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ growth of L012-reduced gold nanoparticles-loaded graphitic carbon nitride nanocomposite for potential-resolved ratiometric electrochemiluminescence analysis","authors":"Wei Nie,&nbsp;Yisha Wang,&nbsp;Chao Hu,&nbsp;Xi Wei,&nbsp;Hua Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.aca.2024.343379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aca.2024.343379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Most electrochemiluminescence (ECL) analytical methods involve only changes in one single signal, which greatly limits their high sensitivity and stability for applied research. Potential-resolved electrochemiluminescence (PRECL), which provides calibrated analysis by self-correcting signal responses from dual channels, has attracted great interest in recent years. However, research on PRECL nanomaterials is still at an early stage. It is critical to develop a novel PRECL nanocomposite with high intensity in light emission, high resolution in potential separation, and reduced complexity in reaction systems for accurate detection.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Here, a novel PRECL nanocomposite, L012-Au/g-C₃N₄, was synthesized by in situ growth of L012-reduced gold nanoparticles (L012-Au) on the surface of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) nanosheets. The g-C₃N₄ nanosheets served as effective carriers for L012 molecules and L012-Au, as well as efficient cathodic ECL emitters. With the addition of a single co-reactant (K₂S₂O₈), two fully separated ECL peaks were observed around −1.3 V (ECL-1) and +0.6 V (ECL-2) at neutral conditions. The catalytic character of the incorporated gold nanoparticles accelerated the anodic ECL reaction and greatly enhanced the ECL intensity. Furthermore, an ECL mechanism based on the competitive relationship between K₂S₂O₈ and dissolved oxygen was proposed. When dopamine (DA) was introduced into the PRECL reaction system, ECL-1 remained essentially unchanged, while ECL-2 intensity was significantly reduced. By analyzing the intensity ratio of ECL-2 to ECL-1 (I₂/I₁) to the detecting target, a ratiometric DA sensor with high sensitivity and stability was successfully constructed.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>A nanocomposite L012-Au/g-C₃N₄ that can induce high-intensity ECL with two separated potentials in each polarity has been prepared by a simple synthetic method. The developed ratiometric sensor can eliminate systematic errors and improve accuracy. In addition, the multifunctionality of the nanocomposite and the necessity of only one co-reactant for neutral-condition ECL greatly reduced the reaction complexity. Our work offers new PRECL solutions to design highly sensitive and stable multi-response detection systems for in vitro diagnostics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":240,"journal":{"name":"Analytica Chimica Acta","volume":"1332 ","pages":"Article 343379"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adhered-3D paper microfluidic analytical device based on oxidase-mimicking activity of Co-doped carbon dots nanozyme for point-of-care testing of alkaline phosphatase","authors":"Jing Guo ,&nbsp;Jing Zhang ,&nbsp;Xia Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.aca.2024.343378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aca.2024.343378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Paper-based microfluidic analytical devices (μPADs) have become promising alternatives to clinical laboratory-based methods for point-of-care testing (POCT) of biomarkers in family care and resource-limited communities. Here, Co-doped carbon dots (Co-CDs) nanozyme with outstanding oxidase-mimicking catalytic activity and red fluorescent emission were prepared, and combined adhered-3D μPAD (A-3D μPAD) to monitor facilely alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level in whole blood samples. Co-CDs catalyzed the oxidization of nonfluorescent <em>o</em>-phenylenediamine (OPD) into 2,3-diaminophenazine (oxOPD) with yellow fluorescent emission due to the generation of tremendous O₂^•- species. With addition of ALP, ALP hydrolyzed <span>l</span>-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate into ascorbic acid, and the latter was oxidized by Co-CDs, then reacted with OPD to form blue fluorescent emission 3-(dihydroxyethyl)furo [3,4-b]quinoxaline-1-one (DFQ). Both DFQ and oxOPD quenched the fluorescence intensity of Co-CDs <em>via</em> inner-filter effect. The cascade reaction of ALP/Co-CDs was incorporated into A-3D μPAD based on above sensing principles. A-3D μPAD enabled sample pretreatment, cascade reaction and signal output, and integrated portable minimized device and smartphone for visual ALP detection. The linear range and limit of detection for ALP were 0.5–150 U L⁻¹ and 0.1 U L⁻¹, respectively, and the color varied from red, yellow to blue. The detection results for whole blood samples were consistent with biochemical detector. The efficiency, disposability, practicality and low-cost of A-3D μPAD can be extended to determine various biomarkers, and provided technical support for nanozyme applications in POCT environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":240,"journal":{"name":"Analytica Chimica Acta","volume":"1332 ","pages":"Article 343378"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142541859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid and accurate bacteria identification through deep-learning-based two-dimensional Raman spectroscopy","authors":"Yichen Liu ,&nbsp;Yisheng Gao ,&nbsp;Rui Niu ,&nbsp;Zunyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Guo-Wei Lu ,&nbsp;Haofeng Hu ,&nbsp;Tiegen Liu ,&nbsp;Zhenzhou Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.aca.2024.343376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aca.2024.343376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) offers a distinctive vibrational fingerprint of the molecules and has led to widespread applications in medical diagnosis, biochemistry, and virology. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, AI-enabled Raman spectroscopic techniques, as a promising avenue for biosensing applications, have significantly boosted bacteria identification. By converting spectra into images, the dataset is enriched with more detailed information, allowing AI to identify bacterial isolates with enhanced precision. However, previous studies usually suffer from a trade-off between high-resolution spectrograms for high-accuracy identification and short training time for data processing. Here, we present an efficient bacteria identification strategy that combines deep learning models with a spectrogram encoding algorithm based on wavelet packet transform and Gramian angular field techniques. In contrast to the direct analysis of raw Raman spectra, our approach utilizes wavelet packet transform techniques to compress the spectra by a factor of 1/15, while concurrently maintaining state-of-the-art accuracy by amplifying the subtle differences via Gramian angular field techniques. The results demonstrate that our approach can achieve a 99.64 % and a 90.55 % identification accuracy for two types of bacterial isolates and thirty types of bacterial isolates, respectively, while a 90 % reduction in training time compared to the conventional methods. To verify the model's stability, Gaussian noises were superimposed on the testing dataset, showing a specific generalization ability and superior performance. This algorithm has the potential for integration into on-site testing protocols and is readily updatable with new bacterial isolates. This study provides profound insights and contributes to the current understanding of spectroscopy, paving the way for accurate and rapid bacteria identification in diverse applications of environment monitoring, food safety, microbiology, and public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":240,"journal":{"name":"Analytica Chimica Acta","volume":"1332 ","pages":"Article 343376"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142541860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New solid phase microextraction fibers with green clay coating via radio frequency magnetron sputtering for detecting low-polar compounds in water samples","authors":"Jhon Fiscal-Ladino ,&nbsp;Juan Jose Lozada-Castro ,&nbsp;Jhon Jairo Rios-Acevedo ,&nbsp;Diego Montaño-Montoya ,&nbsp;Eduardo Carasek ,&nbsp;Pablo Richter ,&nbsp;Alvaro Pulzara-Mora ,&nbsp;Liliana Moncayo Martínez ,&nbsp;Milton Rosero-Moreano","doi":"10.1016/j.aca.2024.343375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aca.2024.343375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Developing highly sensitive and selective measurement techniques to detect trace compounds in diverse matrices is a significant challenge in analytical chemistry. These techniques must adhere to green chemistry principles by minimizing organic solvent use, simplifying sample preparation, and streamlining process steps. Additionally, there is a growing need for sustainable analytical methods due to increased environmental awareness. The problem addressed in this work is the need for an eco-friendly and efficient method for the extraction and detection of trace organochlorine pesticides in water samples.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We employed SPME using a novel clay thin film sorbent, deposited on a nickel-titanium alloy wire via magnetron sputtering. Montmorillonite clay was chosen for its excellent adsorption properties and eco-friendly nature, aligning with green chemistry principles. The approach involved coating the SPME fiber with hydrophobic modified montmorillonite clay, followed by silylation. The method was tested for extracting 12 model organochlorine pesticides, including BHC, lindane, and DDT, demonstrating high isolation efficiency. The coated thin film and its silylation modification were characterized using standard spectroscopic techniques, confirming the successful creation of a new adsorbent phase. The direct immersion SPME approach achieved relative recoveries ranging from 65 % to 99 %, with reproducibility (RSD) below 6 %. This method provided low detection limits (10–15 ng L⁻¹) and quantitation limits (32–50 ng L⁻¹).</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Our approach offers an eco-friendly, highly efficient solution for the extraction and detection of trace organochlorine pesticides. The significant improvement in recovery rates and reproducibility, combined with low detection and quantitation limits, underscores the potential of this method to enhance analytical practices in environmental monitoring and public health. Furthermore, the use of sustainable materials and processes aligns with global efforts to reduce environmental impact in analytical chemistry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":240,"journal":{"name":"Analytica Chimica Acta","volume":"1332 ","pages":"Article 343375"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142519773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep eutectic solvent as stationary phase for flow analysis: Automated trace metal determination in food products","authors":"Andrey Shishov ,&nbsp;Ulyana Markova ,&nbsp;Valeriia Mulloyarova ,&nbsp;Peter Tolstoy ,&nbsp;Natalya Shkaeva ,&nbsp;Dmitry Kosyakov ,&nbsp;Nipu Kumar Das ,&nbsp;Tamal Banerjee","doi":"10.1016/j.aca.2024.343356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aca.2024.343356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have emerged as effective solvents that address many challenges in analytical chemistry, particularly in microextraction. However, until now, their use has been primarily focused on extraction processes. This has significantly limited their application in analytical chemistry, especially in flow analysis, where the high viscosity of DES has made their use difficult.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This paper presents a novel DES-based liquid-liquid microextraction approach for the separation and determination of trace metals in foods using an automated flow analysis system. In this study, a DES composed of thymol and thionalide was first prepared and thoroughly characterized by spectroscopic (IR, NMR) and differential scanning calorimetry techniques. The COSMO-SAC model was employed to predict the solubility of metal salts (Cu, Cd, Pb, and Hg) in the new DES. The solvent was applied to glass fiber as a stationary phase in an extraction column in a flow analysis. After microwave digestion of food samples, metals were extracted by this DES in an automated mode and subsequently eluted with an aqueous thiourea solution. The procedure demonstrated limits of detection (LOD) of 6 μg kg⁻¹ for mercury, 4 μg kg⁻¹ for copper, 6 μg kg⁻¹ for lead and 0.6 μg kg⁻¹ for cadmium.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>This study represents the first application of a DES-based stationary phase in automated flow analysis, significantly enhancing extraction efficiency. The procedure enables precise and reliable determination of trace metals in food products, aligning with green chemistry principles by minimizing waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":240,"journal":{"name":"Analytica Chimica Acta","volume":"1332 ","pages":"Article 343356"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142519774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ synthesis of 2D nanozymes-coated cellulose nanofibers on paper-based chips for portable detection of biothiols","authors":"Chao Di ,&nbsp;Yiwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Lian Xue,&nbsp;Wenyi Zeng,&nbsp;Tengteng Wang,&nbsp;Yiwei Lin,&nbsp;Peng Chen,&nbsp;Xiaojun Feng,&nbsp;Wei Du,&nbsp;Bi-Feng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.aca.2024.343363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aca.2024.343363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Simple, fast and low-cost paper-based analytical devices (PADs) have a good application prospect for point-of-care detection of GSH. However, effective immobilization of functional nanomaterials onto cellulose, as a critical factor in the construction of PADs, presents numerous difficulties and challenges.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In this study, we have developed an exceptionally straightforward and environmentally friendly synthetic approach by using ovalbumin (OVA) as a bio-mineralization template for the preparation of MnO₂ nanosheets. The MnO₂ nanosheets produced in the solution phase exhibited excellent intrinsic nano-enzyme activity and biodegradability. The OVA-MnO₂ nanosheets can effectively oxidize Amplex red in the absence of H₂O₂, enabling sensitive detection of GSH with a linear range of 5 nM–10 μM and a detection limit as low as 2.8 nM. Furthermore, we utilized this method to facilitate <em>in situ</em> synthesis of OVA-MnO₂ nanosheets directly on paper substrates. This approach eliminates the need for conventional stirring and centrifugation steps, greatly simplifying the fabrication process while reducing material usage and time expenditure. Characterization of the chemical composition and morphology confirmed the intimate growth of the 2D nano-enzymes on the cellulose fibers. Utilizing smartphone capabilities, the OVA-MnO₂ nanosheet-modified PAD enabled instrument-free detection of GSH, demonstrating high sensitivity (0.74 μM) and a wide linear response range (1–1000 μM).</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>The synthesis of MnO₂ nanosheets directly on cellulose substrates substantially streamlines the modification workflow of PADs and reduces detection costs, offering new avenues for clinical diagnostics of relevant diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":240,"journal":{"name":"Analytica Chimica Acta","volume":"1332 ","pages":"Article 343363"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142489902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mitochondria-targeted nitric oxide probe with large Stokes shift for real-time imaging and evaluation of inflammatory bowel disease in situ","authors":"Jiatian Liu ,&nbsp;Xueqian Chen ,&nbsp;Andong Wang ,&nbsp;Dongdong Su","doi":"10.1016/j.aca.2024.343372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aca.2024.343372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a prevalent inflammatory disorder, and the abnormal expression of nitric oxide (NO) produced by biocatalysis of iNOS enzyme in mitochondria is directly associated with the occurrence and progression of IBD. Activatable fluorescent probes offer promising tools for early diagnosis of IBD, however, inadequate biodistribution and limited targeting properties of these probes <em>in vivo</em> severely impede accurate diagnosis of IBD and real-time evaluation of inflammatory levels <em>in situ</em>. Therefore, it is necessary to design a highly efficient fluorescent probe towards NO to overcome inadequate biodistribution and achieve accurate diagnosis and evaluation of IBD <em>in situ</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We designed a highly efficient mitochondria-targeted “turn-on” NIR fluorescent probe <strong>Cy-OMe</strong> which has excellent targeting properties and imaging ability. The response mechanism is probe <strong>Cy-OMe</strong> rapidly undergoes N-nitrosation reaction resulting in “turn-on” NIR fluorescence signal when exposed to NO. <strong>Cy-OMe</strong> exhibits high sensitivity and specificity in detecting NO content <em>in vitro</em>, owing to its large Stokes shift. Furthermore, the probe <strong>Cy-OMe</strong> not only efficiently targets mitochondria but also enables precise assessment of fluctuations in endogenous NO concertation across various cell types. Importantly, by virtue of large Stokes shift and excellent mitochondrial targeting ability, <strong>Cy-OMe</strong> has the capability to specifically evaluate dynamic fluctuations of NO in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated IBD mouse models <em>in situ</em> and <strong>Cy-OMe</strong> was achieved high-contrast imaging and precision diagnosis of intestinal inflammation diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div><strong>Cy-OMe</strong> can accurately assess fluctuations in NO levels and show high signal fidelity in the diseased intestine region, which has prospects in the non-invasive diagnosis of intestinal inflammation <em>in vivo</em>. At the same time, it is expected to serve as a potential diagnose platform for investigating the physiological processes underlying NO-related inflammatory diseases and promoting understanding of the pathological functions of NO across diverse inflammatory diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":240,"journal":{"name":"Analytica Chimica Acta","volume":"1332 ","pages":"Article 343372"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142489134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of chemosensitivity of tumor spheroids exposed to two-dimensional gradient of combination drugs in a hydrogel-based diffusion microfluidic platform","authors":"Kin Fong Lei ,&nbsp;Yu-Ting Lin ,&nbsp;Sai Kiran Reddy Boreddy ,&nbsp;Ping-Ching Pai","doi":"10.1016/j.aca.2024.343371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aca.2024.343371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Liver cancer stands as a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, challenging conventional treatments due to resistance to chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Although frontline medications show initial efficacy, prolonged use often leads to resistance and harm. Current clinical strategies rely on combination therapies, but evaluating their effectiveness remains challenging.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>To address this, we developed a hydrogel-based diffusion microfluidic platform for assessing chemosensitivity. This platform features a hydrogel-filled diffusion layer linked to liquid wells, allowing the creation of drug gradients. Tumor spheroids, cultured on the non-adhesive hydrogel surface, were exposed to single or combination drug gradients. Analysis revealed that drug efficacy, quantified by IC₅₀ values, could be determined from responses to single drug gradients. A novel method was introduced to assess spheroid circularity as a time-invariant index of drug efficacy. Furthermore, exposing spheroids to 2D combination drug gradients allowed intuitive visualization of their responses via a color map. This analysis identified optimal drug combinations, exhibiting superior efficacy to monotherapy.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>The microfluidic platform enables assessment of synergistic effects and replicates <em>in vivo</em> conditions, enhancing the relevance of test results. By offering a streamlined, fast, and efficient drug screening approach, this platform aims to provide insight into tumor spheroid responses to varying drug combinations, facilitating more effective clinical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":240,"journal":{"name":"Analytica Chimica Acta","volume":"1332 ","pages":"Article 343371"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142488684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of purity of human albumin preparations for clinical use","authors":"Liye Maeyama,&nbsp;Stefanie Fas,&nbsp;Jörg Schüttrumpf,&nbsp;Selma Henrichsen","doi":"10.1016/j.aca.2024.343364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aca.2024.343364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Albumin is the most prevalent plasma protein and serves numerous physiological roles, both in body fluid management and in various other capacities. In many diseases, a deficiency of albumin has been observed, and in certain conditions, albumin substitution has been demonstrated to improve outcome in comparison to plasma expansion using crystalloid or other colloid solutions. The favourable effects of using albumin in patients with liver cirrhosis are likely associated with the non-oncotic functions of albumin. Albumin for clinical use is obtained through fractionation of pooled donor plasma. The production procedures are optimized to ensure pure, chemically uncompromised and native protein.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We have extensively analysed commercial preparations of human albumin for clinical use from six different providers. Parameters that must correspond to the requirements of international pharmacopoeias were assessed (aluminium, ethanol, sodium, the presence of dimers and oligomers) and found to conform in all cases. In addition, we used for the first time nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as an additional analytical approach for investigating in greater depth the quality of a biological remedy gained from human plasma. We applied both ¹H NMR and ¹³C-HSQC for confirming the identity of the albumin preparations, which also conformed in all cases. Moreover, we utilized T₂-filtered ¹H NMR and ¹³C-HSQC measurements to identify the presence of small molecules in the preparations. This demonstrated similar patterns of additional substances present, but also unveiled certain differences in purity in the products of the different providers.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Our analyses confirmed that albumin preparations in clinical use conform to the requirements. We furthermore demonstrate that NMR measurements can provide further depth in identity and purity measurements of biologicals. Despite largely standardized protocols in pharmaceutical albumin production, our in-depth analyses revealed differences in purity. Some samples exhibited lower levels of components other than albumin. We discuss possible causes of these observations and their potential implications for clinical therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":240,"journal":{"name":"Analytica Chimica Acta","volume":"1332 ","pages":"Article 343364"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142489010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}