: The article examines foreign mechanisms of public-private partnership as the most effective form of public-private partnership, the possibility of effective organization of public-private partnership in the transport sector and the implementation of investment projects to ensure sustainable economic growth, draws conclusions, proposals and recommendations. out
{"title":"The role of public-private partnerships in attracting investment projects in the transport sector","authors":"Shodieva Gulnora Mardievna Shakirova Farogat Boltaevna","doi":"10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.011","url":null,"abstract":": The article examines foreign mechanisms of public-private partnership as the most effective form of public-private partnership, the possibility of effective organization of public-private partnership in the transport sector and the implementation of investment projects to ensure sustainable economic growth, draws conclusions, proposals and recommendations. out","PeriodicalId":241562,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115678469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-30DOI: 10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.012
Mambetjanov Qahramon Qurbandurdievich Abdullayev Suyun Artikovich
Annotation . This article presents the essence of the calculation of GRP and its features, the main problems of its application in the statistical system of Uzbekistan and ways to eliminate these problems, as well as scientific proposals and practical recommendations for improving the computation of GRP.
{"title":"WAYS TO IMPROVE THE METHODS OF CALCULATING TERRITORIAL INDICATORS OF THE NATIONAL ACCOUNTING SYSTEM","authors":"Mambetjanov Qahramon Qurbandurdievich Abdullayev Suyun Artikovich","doi":"10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.012","url":null,"abstract":"Annotation . This article presents the essence of the calculation of GRP and its features, the main problems of its application in the statistical system of Uzbekistan and ways to eliminate these problems, as well as scientific proposals and practical recommendations for improving the computation of GRP.","PeriodicalId":241562,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122405749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-27DOI: 10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.008
C. C. R. Ramos
The paper seeks a comprehensive philosophical understanding of "fundamentalism." Often discriminately associated with the Muslims vis-à-vis terrorism, the paper might eventually be of use to clarify the relationship between Muslims and Christians, as well as with other denominations. The author believes that the philosopher should be alarmed to what the media call the new level of "commodity fetishism" presents to the rest of the world toward (or against) a particular religion, and should rather maintain open roads to dialogue as well as an honest examination of one's own beliefs. The research covers cultural as well as social issues shaping religion and more importantly, favors ideas over ideology in its discussions. Sadly enough, fundamentalism is itself a challenge, far more difficult to understand, nonetheless, the paper highlights fundamentalism in discussing and analyzing strong religions, the question of violence, and enclave culture. The methodology is based on analysis, observations, and insights entwined with the comparison of religions. This article does not just aim to limit itself to a particular dialogue between the Muslim and (or versus) Christianity, but would also attempt to include other beliefs of other parts of the world that would be as essential in comprehending larger issues about one's faith. The paper places the bottom line over the higher ideals of fundamentalists empowering themselves by serving as an authority for a united front in bringing about a religious renaissance amidst the fast-changing realities of the 21st century. Only by overcoming distrust and discrimination, as well as maintaining inter-faith dialogues can an authentic path towards peace, moral and social recovery could be realized.
{"title":"Strong religions and challenges of globalization","authors":"C. C. R. Ramos","doi":"10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"The paper seeks a comprehensive philosophical understanding of \"fundamentalism.\" Often discriminately associated with the Muslims vis-à-vis terrorism, the paper might eventually be of use to clarify the relationship between Muslims and Christians, as well as with other denominations. The author believes that the philosopher should be alarmed to what the media call the new level of \"commodity fetishism\" presents to the rest of the world toward (or against) a particular religion, and should rather maintain open roads to dialogue as well as an honest examination of one's own beliefs. The research covers cultural as well as social issues shaping religion and more importantly, favors ideas over ideology in its discussions. Sadly enough, fundamentalism is itself a challenge, far more difficult to understand, nonetheless, the paper highlights fundamentalism in discussing and analyzing strong religions, the question of violence, and enclave culture. The methodology is based on analysis, observations, and insights entwined with the comparison of religions. This article does not just aim to limit itself to a particular dialogue between the Muslim and (or versus) Christianity, but would also attempt to include other beliefs of other parts of the world that would be as essential in comprehending larger issues about one's faith. The paper places the bottom line over the higher ideals of fundamentalists empowering themselves by serving as an authority for a united front in bringing about a religious renaissance amidst the fast-changing realities of the 21st century. Only by overcoming distrust and discrimination, as well as maintaining inter-faith dialogues can an authentic path towards peace, moral and social recovery could be realized.","PeriodicalId":241562,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114310103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-27DOI: 10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.009
Gholamreza Kashani
A unique position is given to developing countries in achieving the socio-economic and environmental benefits of renewable resources as a means of adapting to energy demand in a sustainable way. Implementation of sustainable activities in developing countries have proven to be challenging, at least as much as in developed countries.The difficulty of attracting adequate and cost-effective investment is considered as one of the major barriers to implement renewable energy technologies in developing countries.This study examines the impact of investment costs on the prospects for renewable energy generation in developing countries. The present study presents a comprehensive analysis of developing countries, six renewable energy technologies and three fossil fuel-based power generationtechnologies. Accordingto the results, there are significant cost changes and a range under which renewables are deprived by current financial activities.The energy-economic model is used to illustrate how reducing financial costs improves the implementation of renewableresources. Also, according to the results of this study, climate policies reduce financial costs for renewable resources, which is an effective way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.This study introduces new perspectives by using different scenarios to develop energy investment in developing countries and presents several conclusions for renewable energy policy makers and related projects developers and provides solutions for energy analysis and investment modeling. hypotheses in Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) 5 can lead to misguided simplifications and consequently uninformed and unjustified conclusions. Integrated evaluation models of compatible designs are implemented with the goal that the energy system may in the future be subject to a wide range of similar hypotheses and conditions related to climate change mitigation 6 .They often focus on technical possibilities, while considering possible costs technically and ignoring many real-life considerations. This study has been carried out aimedto compensate these shortcomings by upgrading and improving integrated evaluation models with respect to financial issues. There is an important barrier to the renewable energy commercialization in developing countries due to the difficulty of attracting sufficient investment, so this study examines the importance of financial investment in creating the levels of investment needed to support sustainable development goals and compares the impact of financial conditions on the energy generationcost among six renewable technologies and three fossil fuel technologies in 46 developing countries.According to the results, there is a significant change in cost and the results show the extent to which renewables are deprived by current financial activities, but refers to a potentially significant potential for improvement iffinancial investment costs are reduced.These findings become scenarios for the long-term integ
{"title":"How to reduce financial costs using renewable energies in developing countries","authors":"Gholamreza Kashani","doi":"10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"A unique position is given to developing countries in achieving the socio-economic and environmental benefits of renewable resources as a means of adapting to energy demand in a sustainable way. Implementation of sustainable activities in developing countries have proven to be challenging, at least as much as in developed countries.The difficulty of attracting adequate and cost-effective investment is considered as one of the major barriers to implement renewable energy technologies in developing countries.This study examines the impact of investment costs on the prospects for renewable energy generation in developing countries. The present study presents a comprehensive analysis of developing countries, six renewable energy technologies and three fossil fuel-based power generationtechnologies. Accordingto the results, there are significant cost changes and a range under which renewables are deprived by current financial activities.The energy-economic model is used to illustrate how reducing financial costs improves the implementation of renewableresources. Also, according to the results of this study, climate policies reduce financial costs for renewable resources, which is an effective way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.This study introduces new perspectives by using different scenarios to develop energy investment in developing countries and presents several conclusions for renewable energy policy makers and related projects developers and provides solutions for energy analysis and investment modeling. hypotheses in Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) 5 can lead to misguided simplifications and consequently uninformed and unjustified conclusions. Integrated evaluation models of compatible designs are implemented with the goal that the energy system may in the future be subject to a wide range of similar hypotheses and conditions related to climate change mitigation 6 .They often focus on technical possibilities, while considering possible costs technically and ignoring many real-life considerations. This study has been carried out aimedto compensate these shortcomings by upgrading and improving integrated evaluation models with respect to financial issues. There is an important barrier to the renewable energy commercialization in developing countries due to the difficulty of attracting sufficient investment, so this study examines the importance of financial investment in creating the levels of investment needed to support sustainable development goals and compares the impact of financial conditions on the energy generationcost among six renewable technologies and three fossil fuel technologies in 46 developing countries.According to the results, there is a significant change in cost and the results show the extent to which renewables are deprived by current financial activities, but refers to a potentially significant potential for improvement iffinancial investment costs are reduced.These findings become scenarios for the long-term integ","PeriodicalId":241562,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128882609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-27DOI: 10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.010
J. Kubiczek
{"title":"Corporate social responsibility in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic – experiences from Poland","authors":"J. Kubiczek","doi":"10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":241562,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114595483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-27DOI: 10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.007
Syed Husnain Haider Dr Uzma Naz
Being a maritime country, Pakistan is facing challenges and difficulties to take advantage of the resources of the ocean effectively. In the past, there is no strong footing and attentions have given to the maritime industry. Whereas the ocean trade has might become the backbone of Pakistan's economy. The Private and government shipping companies and the Maritime industry can boost the economic process of Pakistan. It is a need of time to pay attention to effective maritime policies and built the infrastructure for direct foreign investment. 80 % of Pakistan's trade volume is done through the ocean and a major part of this trade is through international shipping companies. New shipping business policies must be business-friendly. Provide opportunities to the Private and Public sectors both to explore the offshore resources. Provide facilitation to the tourism and hotel industry on the seashore can play a significant role in the maritime industry.
{"title":"Maritime Trade and Pakistan’s Merchant Marines","authors":"Syed Husnain Haider Dr Uzma Naz","doi":"10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"Being a maritime country, Pakistan is facing challenges and difficulties to take advantage of the resources of the ocean effectively. In the past, there is no strong footing and attentions have given to the maritime industry. Whereas the ocean trade has might become the backbone of Pakistan's economy. The Private and government shipping companies and the Maritime industry can boost the economic process of Pakistan. It is a need of time to pay attention to effective maritime policies and built the infrastructure for direct foreign investment. 80 % of Pakistan's trade volume is done through the ocean and a major part of this trade is through international shipping companies. New shipping business policies must be business-friendly. Provide opportunities to the Private and Public sectors both to explore the offshore resources. Provide facilitation to the tourism and hotel industry on the seashore can play a significant role in the maritime industry.","PeriodicalId":241562,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128055530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-27DOI: 10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.004
Dr. Abdul Quddus SuhaibDr.Tariq Mahmood Muhammad Akash Malik
This paper investigates about the prohibition of interest in Islam. In this paper, an analysis of some scholars’ views on YouTube videos regarding riba and interest is presented in a brief manner. The purpose of this paper is to discuss about the prohibition of interest and to find the difference of opinion among the Muslim scholars of different countries. In this way, it will become clear that, why interest is prevailing everywhere whether the society is an Islamic or nonIslamic society. Similarly, its popularity and grip over modern business and financial institution can be easily imagined. And from this, it will become clear that why the rich is becoming rich and the poor is becoming poorer. In short, this paper is actually an analytical study of some Muslim scholars’ views that are presented and delivered on social media that is easy and fastest source of the present era for spreading any message and thoughts.
{"title":"Analytical study of some Scholars’ Views about Prohibition of Interest (A Review of You Tube Videos","authors":"Dr. Abdul Quddus SuhaibDr.Tariq Mahmood Muhammad Akash Malik","doi":"10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates about the prohibition of interest in Islam. In this paper, an analysis of some scholars’ views on YouTube videos regarding riba and interest is presented in a brief manner. The purpose of this paper is to discuss about the prohibition of interest and to find the difference of opinion among the Muslim scholars of different countries. In this way, it will become clear that, why interest is prevailing everywhere whether the society is an Islamic or nonIslamic society. Similarly, its popularity and grip over modern business and financial institution can be easily imagined. And from this, it will become clear that why the rich is becoming rich and the poor is becoming poorer. In short, this paper is actually an analytical study of some Muslim scholars’ views that are presented and delivered on social media that is easy and fastest source of the present era for spreading any message and thoughts.","PeriodicalId":241562,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121090811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-26DOI: 10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.006
S. Abbas
There is small percentage of women in labor force in Iraq, despite their high proportion of the population. The matter explains this phenomena is the nature of the rentier economy and neglecting of state institutions as a whole to create a work environment ready to motivate and encourage women in different their lives stages on paid work and continue to do by their whole activity. This ratio of productivity work force declines and enhances the role of Iraqi oil sector in economy movement resulted in creation weak economy depends on increases or decreases of growth rate occurs in oil revenues, in other words on the fluctuations in global oil prices. To get rid of the consumption pattern of population over the age of 15 at the expense of style production distinguishes developing countries in general and Iraq in particular, there is a set of procedures operating on optimum utilization of human capital contribute to change the course of the economy towards sustainable development requirements of justice in the distribution of income and achievement high savings rates also investment product for new job opportunities while maintaining the ability of future generations to achieve development. One of these procedures enacting laws, amending and cancelling other laws, commensurate with achieving increasing the productivity of the bulk of the workforce goal besides the use of the budget gender-sensitive and public procurement policies to eliminate unequal access to economic resources between males and females.
{"title":"Barriers to women's economic empowerment in Iraq","authors":"S. Abbas","doi":"10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"There is small percentage of women in labor force in Iraq, despite their high proportion of the population. The matter explains this phenomena is the nature of the rentier economy and neglecting of state institutions as a whole to create a work environment ready to motivate and encourage women in different their lives stages on paid work and continue to do by their whole activity. This ratio of productivity work force declines and enhances the role of Iraqi oil sector in economy movement resulted in creation weak economy depends on increases or decreases of growth rate occurs in oil revenues, in other words on the fluctuations in global oil prices. To get rid of the consumption pattern of population over the age of 15 at the expense of style production distinguishes developing countries in general and Iraq in particular, there is a set of procedures operating on optimum utilization of human capital contribute to change the course of the economy towards sustainable development requirements of justice in the distribution of income and achievement high savings rates also investment product for new job opportunities while maintaining the ability of future generations to achieve development. One of these procedures enacting laws, amending and cancelling other laws, commensurate with achieving increasing the productivity of the bulk of the workforce goal besides the use of the budget gender-sensitive and public procurement policies to eliminate unequal access to economic resources between males and females.","PeriodicalId":241562,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125321487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research at hand used a generalized method of moments (GMM) to examine the relationship between economic growth, education, poverty, and unemployment in Pakistan. The study has looked at four different ways to analyzed and compared them with the growth path of Pakistan for the period under study 1990-2020 by providing the integrated approach. This research concluded that education hasan impact on unemployment and poverty, and all have an impact on economic growth in the long run. It shows that there isa fundamentalassociation betweenthe gross domestic product (GDP) and poverty (POV) and amongEducation enrollment. The findings of the research confirmed the positive effect of Education, Trade on economic growth, and unemployment have a negative influence on determining economic growth. This study is of particular concentration topolicymakers as it helps to formulate comprehensive economic policies to support economic development.
{"title":"Education, Poverty, and Unemployment: A Way Forward to Promote Sustainable Economic Growth in Pakistan","authors":"RuqiaShaheen Najma Yasmin Noreen Safdar Fouzia Yasmin Sabila Khatoon","doi":"10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"Research at hand used a generalized method of moments (GMM) to examine the relationship between economic growth, education, poverty, and unemployment in Pakistan. The study has looked at four different ways to analyzed and compared them with the growth path of Pakistan for the period under study 1990-2020 by providing the integrated approach. This research concluded that education hasan impact on unemployment and poverty, and all have an impact on economic growth in the long run. It shows that there isa fundamentalassociation betweenthe gross domestic product (GDP) and poverty (POV) and amongEducation enrollment. The findings of the research confirmed the positive effect of Education, Trade on economic growth, and unemployment have a negative influence on determining economic growth. This study is of particular concentration topolicymakers as it helps to formulate comprehensive economic policies to support economic development.","PeriodicalId":241562,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government","volume":"437 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124250258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-23DOI: 10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.002
K. Alotaibi
The following study analyses the impact of a multidisciplinary strategy to lower the VAT levels for food classes that equals 15% on the economy. Effects on food market rates, volumes of food demand, government expenditure value-added tax income, consumer and producer gains as well as inflation were evaluated. The effect of the equation decreases the amount of market prices of food by decreasing The Value-Added tax ratio while the reduced estimated price is not commensurate with the decrease in the value-added tax rate. The reduction of the value added tax rate contributes to a marginal rise in sales of food. Simultaneously, decreasing the ValueAdded tax ratio lowers VAT income in the government budget, although the overall population income exceeds the reduction a little.
{"title":"The Impact Of Applying Value Added Tax (VAT) On Cooperate Sales","authors":"K. Alotaibi","doi":"10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"The following study analyses the impact of a multidisciplinary strategy to lower the VAT levels for food classes that equals 15% on the economy. Effects on food market rates, volumes of food demand, government expenditure value-added tax income, consumer and producer gains as well as inflation were evaluated. The effect of the equation decreases the amount of market prices of food by decreasing The Value-Added tax ratio while the reduced estimated price is not commensurate with the decrease in the value-added tax rate. The reduction of the value added tax rate contributes to a marginal rise in sales of food. Simultaneously, decreasing the ValueAdded tax ratio lowers VAT income in the government budget, although the overall population income exceeds the reduction a little.","PeriodicalId":241562,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131820084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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