Appetite最新文献_第4页

Pregnancy Eating Attitudes-Questionnaire (PEA-Q): Longitudinal measurement invariance from early to late pregnancy in a community sample 妊娠饮食态度问卷（PEA-Q）：在社区样本中，从妊娠早期到晚期的纵向测量不变性

IF 3.8 2区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Appetite

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2025.108421

Riley J. Jouppi , Colin E. Vize , Christine C. Call , Rebecca L. Emery Tavernier , Lydia B. Brown , Rachel P. Kolko Conlon , Jennifer L. Grace , Gina M. Sweeney , Michele D. Levine

The Pregnancy Eating Attitudes-Questionnaire (PEA-Q) assesses pregnancy-specific eating/weight attitudes that impact birthing individuals. This novel self-report measure, comprising Permissive Eating/Weight Attitudes, Intentional Eating Changes, and Lack of Worry about Eating/Weight factors, demonstrated promising psychometric properties when administered late in pregnancy. To evaluate the PEA-Q's ability to adequately capture pregnancy-specific eating/weight attitudes across pregnancy, we employed longitudinal measurement invariance (MI) testing among a community sample of pregnant individuals with pre-pregnancy body mass index≥25. Participants (N = 312) enrolled in a randomized perinatal health behavior trial completed the PEA-Q at M(SD) = 13.6(2.7) and 36.5(1.3) weeks' gestation. We performed longitudinal MI testing in steps to establish equivalence of the PEA-Q at early and late pregnancy and to compare PEA-Q scores between these timepoints. Models covaried for randomization status. Partial strong invariance was ultimately achieved by freeing the intercepts of one item. Results from latent mean difference testing documented significantly lower scores on Permissive Eating/Weight Attitudes and Lack of Worry about Eating/Weight (p ≤ .01), but not Intentional Eating Changes (p = .08), in early versus late pregnancy. Findings indicate that the PEA-Q adequately captures pregnancy-specific eating/weight attitudes in both early and late pregnancy and, thus, can be used to assess change over this period. In the present sample, changes in PEA-Q scores from early to late pregnancy suggest that pregnant individuals may experience increasingly permissive eating/weight attitudes and less worry about eating/weight as pregnancy progresses. Future research examining the health implications of PEA-Q changes across pregnancy is warranted.

孕期饮食态度问卷（PEA-Q）评估影响生育个体的孕期特定饮食/体重态度。这种新颖的自我报告测量，包括宽容的饮食/体重态度，有意识的饮食改变，以及对饮食/体重因素的担忧，在怀孕后期进行时显示出有希望的心理测量特性。为了评估PEA-Q在妊娠期间充分捕捉妊娠特异性饮食/体重态度的能力，我们在孕前体重指数≥25的社区孕妇样本中采用了纵向测量不变性（MI）检验。参加随机围产期健康行为试验的参与者（N = 312）在妊娠M(SD) = 13.6（2.7）和36.5（1.3）周时完成PEA-Q。我们进行了纵向MI测试，以建立妊娠早期和晚期PEA-Q的等效性，并比较这些时间点之间的PEA-Q评分。随机化状态下模型共变。部分强不变性最终是通过释放一个项目的拦截来实现的。潜在平均差异测试的结果显示，怀孕早期和晚期在宽容饮食/体重态度和对饮食/体重缺乏担忧方面的得分明显较低（p≤0.01），但在有意饮食改变方面没有得分（p = 0.08）。研究结果表明，PEA-Q充分捕捉怀孕早期和晚期的怀孕特定饮食/体重态度，因此，可用于评估这一时期的变化。在目前的样本中，PEA-Q评分从怀孕早期到怀孕晚期的变化表明，随着怀孕的进展，怀孕个体可能会经历越来越宽松的饮食/体重态度，对饮食/体重的担忧也越来越少。未来有必要研究PEA-Q在怀孕期间变化对健康的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Beyond the first choice: How (nudged) vegetarian food choices spill over to subsequent food choices 超越第一种选择：素食选择是如何影响到随后的食物选择的。

IF 3.8 2区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Appetite

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2025.108394

Lotte de Lint , Rachelle de Vries , Merije van Rookhuijzen , Suzanne op ‘t Landt , Emely de Vet

Food choices are not made within a vacuum but depend upon earlier decisions, resulting in spillover effects where subsequent choices are either similar (consistency) or contrasting (balancing). Little is known about spillovers in vegetarian (versus non-vegetarian) choices and how Vegetarian Eating Motives (VEM) or contextual factors influence these patterns. This study explored these dynamics through two online experiments. The first experiment (N = 251) utilized a within-subject design in a sequential three-course meal ordering scenario. The second experiment (N = 439) employed an improved mixed design by varying contextual factors (labeling and availability). Both experiments did not observe spillovers between vegetarian and non-vegetarian choices in neutral contexts. We found evidence of spillover when labeling vegetarian dishes as 'Healthy & Sustainable'. This generated more consistency among individuals with strong VEM but increased balancing among those with weaker VEM (OR = 2.29, 95 % CI = (1.25, 4.19)), without altering overall vegetarian choice rates. Enlarging the availability of vegetarian options at the first choice increased in-the-moment vegetarian selection, yet we find no evidence of balancing at later choices. In sum, we only detect spillovers when vegetarian options were labeled as ‘Healthy & Sustainable’, with the direction of the spillover depending on an individual's VEM. These findings support availability interventions as an effective strategy for increasing in-the-moment vegetarian selection, while highlighting the need for caution with labeling approaches, since this did not increase vegetarian selection but might generate unintended spillover effects.

食物选择不是在真空中做出的，而是依赖于之前的决定，导致溢出效应，即随后的选择要么相似（一致性），要么对比（平衡）。人们对素食（与非素食）选择的溢出效应以及素食动机（VEM）或环境因素如何影响这些模式知之甚少。本研究通过两个在线实验探索了这些动态。第一个实验（N = 251）在连续三道菜的用餐场景中采用了受试者内设计。第二个实验（N = 439）采用改进的混合设计，通过改变上下文因素（标签和可用性）。两个实验都没有观察到中性环境下素食和非素食选择之间的溢出效应。当我们给素食贴上“健康和可持续”的标签时，我们发现了溢出效应的证据。这在VEM较强的个体之间产生了更多的一致性，但在VEM较弱的个体之间增加了平衡（OR = 2.29, 95% CI =(1.25, 4.19)），而没有改变总体素食选择率。在第一选择中扩大素食选择的可用性增加了当下的素食选择，但我们没有发现在后来的选择中平衡的证据。总而言之，我们只有在素食选择被标记为“健康和可持续”时才会检测到溢出效应，溢出效应的方向取决于个人的VEM。这些发现支持可获得性干预作为增加当下素食选择的有效策略，同时强调了标签方法的谨慎必要性，因为这不会增加素食选择，但可能会产生意想不到的溢出效应。

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引用次数: 0

Parental autonomy-supportive food practices and fruit and vegetable consumption in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis 父母自主支持的食物实践和儿童水果和蔬菜消费：系统回顾和荟萃分析。

IF 3.8 2区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Appetite

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2025.108389

Elisama Costa Lopes , Priscylla Rodrigues Vilella , Paula Ruffoni Moreira , Sarah Warkentin , Alexandre Siqueira Guedes Coelho , Géssica Mercia de Almeida , Matias Noll , Raquel Machado Schincaglia , Karine Anusca Martins

This systematic review synthesizes evidence on the relationship between parental autonomy-supportive food practices and the consumption of fruit and vegetable in children aged 2–12 years. Six electronic databases (PubMed®, EMBASE®, Web of Science™, Scopus™, PsycINFO®, and LILACS®), Google Scholar®, and reference lists were systematically searched for studies published before January 9, 2025. Studies assessing autonomy-supportive food practices (reported by caregivers and/or children) and child consumption of fruit and/or vegetable were included. Data were collected using a standardized form, risk of bias was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute tools. Two authors independently conducted all review steps, and a third reviewer resolved disagreements. A random-effects model was applied, and stratified meta-analyses were performed using R software. A total of 53 studies were included. Although individual study results were inconsistent, a correlation-based meta-analysis found weak but significant associations of verbal and visual encouragement to eat (K = 36; r = 0.17, 95 % confidence interval [CI] [0.13, 0.21]) and involvement (K = 13; r = 0.13, 95 % CI [0.09, 0.16]) with children's fruit and vegetable consumption; significance persisted in the regression-based meta-analysis (encouragement to eat: K = 14; β = 0.07, 95 % CI [0.02, 0.12]; involvement: K = 5; β = 0.10, 95 % CI [0.04, 0.16]). Teachable moments, praise, and negotiation showed weak but significant correlations (r ranging from 0.11 to 0.16). Findings suggest that verbal and visual encouragement to eat and involvement are associated with children's fruit and vegetable intake. Teachable moments, praise, and negotiation show weak positive correlations, although all these associations have small effect sizes and are primarily derived from cross-sectional studies in high-income countries.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO registration number CRD42023442680.

本系统综述综合了父母自主支持的食物实践与2-12岁儿童水果和蔬菜消费之间关系的证据。系统检索了6个电子数据库（PubMed®、EMBASE®、Web of Science™、Scopus™、PsycINFO®和LILACS®）、谷歌Scholar®和参考文献列表，检索了2025年1月9日之前发表的研究。研究包括评估自主支持的食物实践（由照顾者和/或儿童报告）和儿童食用水果和/或蔬菜。使用标准化表格收集数据，使用乔安娜布里格斯研究所工具评估偏倚风险。两位作者独立完成了所有评审步骤，第三位审稿人解决了分歧。采用随机效应模型，采用R软件进行分层荟萃分析。共纳入53项研究。虽然个别研究结果不一致，但基于相关性的荟萃分析发现，口头和视觉鼓励（K = 36, r = 0.17, 95%可信区间[CI][0.13, 0.21]）和参与（K = 13, r = 0.13, 95% CI[0.09, 0.16]）与儿童水果和蔬菜消费之间存在微弱但显著的关联；在基于回归的荟萃分析中，显著性仍然存在（鼓励进食：K = 14; β = 0.07, 95% CI[0.02, 0.12]；参与：K = 5; β = 0.10, 95% CI[0.04, 0.16]）。受教育时刻、表扬和谈判表现出微弱但显著的相关性（r范围从0.11到0.16）。研究结果表明，口头和视觉上的鼓励和参与与儿童的水果和蔬菜摄入量有关。可教时刻、表扬和谈判表现出微弱的正相关，尽管所有这些关联的效应量很小，并且主要来自高收入国家的横断面研究。系统评价注册：PROSPERO注册号CRD42023442680。

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引用次数: 0

Gender differences in multi-attribute dietary decision making under time pressure: A hierarchical drift-diffusion approach 时间压力下多属性饮食决策的性别差异：一个分层漂移-扩散方法。

IF 3.8 2区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Appetite

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2025.108420

Mengying Liu , Jingyi Jiang , Jianping Huang , Xiaoang Wan

Time pressure influences decision-making across domains, but its effects on multi-attribute dietary decision and potential gender differences remain unclear. Using an incentive-compatible paradigm, we investigated how time pressure might modulate the cognitive mechanisms of food choices in men and women. Participants made binary choices between health-taste tradeoffs under time-pressure and no-time-pressure conditions. Behavioral results revealed that time pressure altered choice patterns across genders, with no gender differences in response times or healthier choices under both time conditions. Hierarchical drift-diffusion modeling (HDDM) revealed three key mechanisms. First, male participants shifted from deliberative health-taste integration to hedonic-dominant processing under time pressure, whereas female participants maintained stable taste-focused strategies. Second, both genders showed reduced decision thresholds under time constraints, requiring less evidence for choices. Third, time pressure eliminated baseline gender differences in perceptual-motor speed. Collectively, these findings indicated that temporal constraints may restructure dietary decision-making through both gender-specific strategies and shared adaptive responses, offering insights for designing personalized choice environments to promote healthier eating.

时间压力影响跨领域的决策，但其对多属性饮食决策的影响和潜在的性别差异尚不清楚。使用激励相容范式，我们研究了时间压力如何调节男性和女性食物选择的认知机制。参与者在有时间压力和没有时间压力的条件下做出健康-味觉权衡的二元选择。行为结果显示，时间压力改变了不同性别的选择模式，在两种时间条件下，在反应时间或更健康的选择上没有性别差异。分层漂移扩散模型（HDDM）揭示了三个关键机制。首先，在时间压力下，男性参与者从审慎的健康-味觉整合转变为享乐-优势加工，而女性参与者则保持稳定的味觉聚焦策略。其次，两性在时间限制下的决策阈值都降低了，选择所需的证据更少。第三，时间压力消除了感知运动速度的基线性别差异。总的来说，这些发现表明，时间限制可能会通过性别特定策略和共同的适应性反应来重组饮食决策，为设计个性化的选择环境以促进更健康的饮食提供见解。

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引用次数: 0

Associations of self-reported sleep quality and duration with dietary eating behaviours: a cross-sectional study of 27,263 UK adults 自我报告的睡眠质量和持续时间与饮食行为的关系：一项对27,263名英国成年人的横断面研究。

IF 3.8 2区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Appetite

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2025.108428

Scott A. Willis , Arwa Alruwaili , Iuliana Hartescu , Kevin Deighton , Christopher Goodwin , Joseph Henson , Alice E. Thackray , David J. Stensel , James A. King

Sub-optimal sleep, whether insufficient, excessive, or poor-quality, is an independent risk factor for obesity, largely through influencing energy intake via altered appetite and reward processing. Less is known about its influence on real-world dietary behaviours. We examined associations of self-reported sleep quality and duration with dietary eating behaviours in a large UK adult cohort. 27,263 adults (median (interquartile range): age, 51.0 (16.0) years; BMI, 25.2 (5.3) kg/m²; 40.5 % female) completed a standardised health assessment, including self-reported sleep quality (1–10 scale) and duration. Thirteen eating behaviours broadly reflecting emotional/reward-driven eating, dietary disinhibition, food preferences, and meal patterns were assessed via questionnaire. Regression models examined associations between sleep characteristics and eating behaviours, adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status, assessment year, and region. Odds ratios (OR) are presented for ordinal/binary outcomes and rate ratios (RR) for count outcomes. Poor sleep quality and short sleep duration were associated with an eating profile suggestive of heightened emotional/reward-driven eating and reduced dietary restraint. This included higher odds/frequency of eating out of boredom, stress, or anger, overeating, skipping meals, and consuming energy-dense foods (OR/RR range: 1.08–3.50, P ≤ 0.018). Long sleep duration was linked to higher emotional eating (OR range: 1.16–1.19, P < 0.001) but showed fewer signs of impulsivity or disinhibited intake. Some behaviours, like adding sugar to food and snacking, were not consistently related to sleep characteristics. In conclusion, short and poor-quality sleep are associated with eating patterns that may increase obesity risk. Interventions targeting sleep extension and quality could support healthier dietary behaviours and appetite regulation.

次优睡眠，无论是不足、过度还是质量差，都是肥胖的一个独立风险因素，主要是通过改变食欲和奖励处理来影响能量摄入。人们对它对现实生活中饮食行为的影响知之甚少。我们在英国的一个大型成人队列中研究了自我报告的睡眠质量和持续时间与饮食行为的关系。27,263名成人（中位数（四分位数间距））：年龄51.0岁（16.0岁）；BMI 25.2 (5.3) kg/m2；40.5%女性)完成了标准化的健康评估，包括自我报告的睡眠质量（1-10量表）和持续时间。通过问卷调查评估了13种饮食行为，这些行为大致反映了情绪/奖励驱动饮食、饮食解除抑制、食物偏好和膳食模式。回归模型考察了睡眠特征和饮食行为之间的关系，并根据年龄、性别、社会经济地位、评估年份和地区进行了调整。顺序/二进制结果的比值比（OR）和计数结果的比率比（RR）。睡眠质量差和睡眠时间短与情绪/奖励驱动型饮食增加和饮食限制减少的饮食习惯有关。这包括因为无聊、压力或愤怒、暴饮暴食、不吃饭和消耗高能量食物而进食的几率/频率更高（or /RR范围：1.08-3.50,P≤0.018）。长时间睡眠与情绪化进食有关(OR范围：1.16-1.19，P

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引用次数: 0

The role of appearance-based and interpersonal rejection sensitivity in youth loss of control eating: A one-year longitudinal study 外貌敏感性和人际拒绝敏感性在青少年饮食失控中的作用：一项为期一年的纵向研究。

IF 3.8 2区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Appetite

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2025.108427

Anna C. Rauen , Andrea H. Meyer , Felicitas Forrer , Verena M. Müller , Simone Munsch

A significant number of youths experience loss of control eating (LOC), characterized by a sense of losing control over eating, regardless of food amount. Binge eating, a common LOC variant, involves consuming large amounts of food in a short period, often accompanied by distress. Previous research suggests that interpersonal and appearance-based rejection sensitivity (RS), the tendency to anxiously expect, readily perceive, and overreact to rejection, may contribute to the development and persistence of LOC variants. This study examined whether baseline levels of interpersonal and appearance-based RS are associated with LOC variants one year later in a youth sample aged 14–24 and enriched for LOC and binge eating by virtue of recruitment strategies. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression models indicate that both interpersonal and appearance-based RS were associated with the occurrence of self-reported monthly binge eating episodes one year later, but not with the frequency of binge eating episodes. The findings highlight RS as a potential influencing factor for the development and maintenance of LOC variants, even in the absence of severe body dissatisfaction or mood disturbances. Early interventions targeting emotional responses to perceived rejection, particularly appearance-related, may help prevent or reduce LOC behaviors during adolescence and emerging adulthood.

相当多的年轻人经历了饮食失控（LOC），其特征是无论食物的数量如何，都感觉失去了对饮食的控制。暴饮暴食是一种常见的LOC变体，包括在短时间内消耗大量食物，通常伴随着痛苦。先前的研究表明，人际关系和基于外表的拒绝敏感性（RS），即焦虑地期待、容易感知和过度反应拒绝的倾向，可能有助于LOC变异的发展和持续。本研究调查了14-24岁的青年样本中，人际关系和基于外表的RS基线水平是否与一年后LOC变异相关，这些样本因招募策略而增加了LOC和暴饮暴食。零膨胀负二项回归模型表明，人际关系和基于外貌的RS与一年后自我报告的每月暴食发作的发生有关，但与暴食发作的频率无关。研究结果强调，即使在没有严重的身体不满或情绪障碍的情况下，RS也是LOC变异发展和维持的潜在影响因素。早期干预针对感知排斥的情绪反应，特别是与外表相关的情绪反应，可能有助于预防或减少青春期和成年初期的LOC行为。

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引用次数: 0

No heightened temporal attentional bias towards food or overweight bodies in adolescents with obesity 肥胖青少年对食物或超重身体的时间注意偏倚没有增强。

IF 3.8 2区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Appetite

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2025.108417

Mégane Ackermans, Nienke C. Jonker, Peter J. de Jong

A better understanding of factors contributing to the development and maintenance of obesity is needed in order to generate effective interventions. One factor that may be responsible for making some individuals more vulnerable to overeating and remaining obese is an increased attentional bias (AB) towards food. For individuals with obesity food stimuli may be processed relatively efficiently and require less attentional resources to enter awareness. Once a food stimulus has captured attention, it may be preferentially processed and granted prioritized access to limited cognitive resources. Such capturing of attention is termed temporal AB and heightened temporal AB might undermine attempts to restrict food intake and render individuals vulnerable to overeating and remaining obese. To test whether temporal AB could play a role in the maintenance of adolescent obesity, this study tested whether adolescents with obesity showed a greater temporal AB towards food than adolescents with a healthy weight using a single target Rapid Serial Visual Presentation Task (RSVP). Fifty-one adolescents with obesity and 51 adolescents with a healthy weight matched on age, sex and educational level (79 % female, M age = 16.5) completed the RSVP with food and neutral pictures as distractors. We added pictures of overweight bodies as distractors to explore the relevance of processing priority of body features in adolescents with obesity. We found no difference in temporal AB towards food or overweight bodies between adolescents with obesity and adolescents with a healthy weight. Our findings provided no evidence for the notion that these biases may play a role in the maintenance of adolescent obesity.

为了产生有效的干预措施，需要更好地了解导致肥胖发展和维持的因素。一些人更容易暴饮暴食并保持肥胖的一个因素可能是对食物的注意力偏向（AB）的增加。对于肥胖个体来说，食物刺激可能被相对有效地处理，并且需要较少的注意力资源来进入意识。一旦食物刺激吸引了注意力，它可能会被优先处理，并被授予对有限认知资源的优先访问权。这种注意力的集中被称为时间AB，而时间AB的增加可能会破坏限制食物摄入的努力，使个体容易暴饮暴食并保持肥胖。为了检验时间AB是否在青少年肥胖的维持中发挥作用，本研究使用单目标快速序列视觉呈现任务（RSVP）测试肥胖青少年对食物的时间AB是否比健康体重的青少年更大。51名肥胖青少年和51名年龄、性别和受教育程度相匹配的健康体重青少年（79%为女性，M年龄= 16.5）以食物和中性图片作为干扰物完成了RSVP。我们添加了超重身体的图片作为干扰，以探索肥胖青少年身体特征加工优先级的相关性。我们发现肥胖青少年和健康体重青少年对食物或超重身体的时间AB没有差异。我们的发现没有提供证据证明这些偏见可能在青少年肥胖的维持中起作用。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of cognitive load on food approach bias in individuals with binge eating disorder 认知负荷对暴食症患者食物倾向偏差的影响。

IF 3.8 2区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Appetite

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2025.108434

Dustin Werle , Lynn Sablottny , Brunna Tuschen-Caffier , Jennifer Svaldi

While the hierarchical model of approach-avoidance motivation suggests a heightened food-specific approach behavior for individuals with binge eating disorder (BED), empirical evidence does not confirm the postulated food approach bias. This discrepancy may be related to the studied samples, which were partially in treatment, but also to the fact that previous studies tested for an approach bias under low cognitive load. Therefore, the present study assessed the food-specific approach behavior in an untreated sample with BED under high and low cognitive load, in comparison to a weight-matched and a normal weight control group. To this end, 50 individuals with BED, 20 individuals with overweight and 21 individuals with normal weight completed an approach avoidance task. In each trial, participants were instructed to either push or pull a slider device, dependent on the orientation of an arrow, which was superimposed on a picture. The underlying picture either depicted a high calorie food item or a neutral stimulus. Cognitive load was manipulated by two flanking arrows that either pointed in the same or the opposite direction to the task-relevant central arrow. First, and contrary to our hypothesis, the food-specific approach bias was not stronger in the group with BED compared to both control groups. Post-hoc tests further revealed no food-specific approach bias in any of the three groups. Moreover, and contrary to our hypothesis, cognitive load did not show a group specific impact on the food approach behavior. However, cognitive load did increase the food approach behavior across groups. The results of this study, in conjunction with previous studies suggest, that there is no clear food approach bias in individuals with BED, at least when movement direction is not explicitly contingent on picture content.

虽然方法回避动机的层次模型表明暴食症（BED）患者有更高的食物特异性方法行为，但经验证据并不能证实假设的食物方法偏差。这种差异可能与研究样本有关，这些样本部分处于治疗状态，但也与之前的研究在低认知负荷下测试方法偏差有关。因此，本研究评估了未经治疗的BED患者在高认知负荷和低认知负荷下的食物特异性接近行为，并与体重匹配组和正常体重对照组进行了比较。为此，50名BED患者、20名超重患者和21名正常体重患者完成了一项回避接近的任务。在每次试验中，参与者被指示根据叠加在图片上的箭头的方向，推或拉一个滑动装置。潜在的图片要么描绘了高热量食物，要么描绘了中性刺激。认知负荷是由两个与任务相关的中心箭头指向相同或相反方向的侧翼箭头操纵的。首先，与我们的假设相反，与两个对照组相比，BED组的食物特异性方法偏差并不强。事后测试进一步显示，三组中的任何一组都没有食物特异性方法偏差。此外，与我们的假设相反，认知负荷并没有显示出对食物接近行为的群体特定影响。然而，认知负荷确实会增加各组的食物接近行为。本研究的结果与之前的研究相结合，表明BED患者没有明显的食物偏好，至少当运动方向不明确取决于图片内容时是这样。

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引用次数: 0

Multiple unhealthy eating behaviors among left-behind children in rural China: the interplay of loneliness and diverse social environments 中国农村留守儿童多种不健康饮食行为：孤独与多元社会环境的相互作用

IF 3.8 2区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Appetite

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2025.108431

Sasa Wang, Chenzhuo Gao, Weidong Li

This study investigated how personal emotions (i.e., loneliness) and diverse environments were associated, both individually and interactively, with multiple unhealthy eating behaviors in rural left-behind children (LBC). The study included 2861 children from three rural counties in central and western China. Results indicated that LBC-S (both parents migrating, at least one short-term) and LBC-L (both parents migrating long-term) exhibited more unhealthy eating behaviors than non-LBC, and LBC-S exhibited the highest dietary risk. Loneliness was associated with multiple unhealthy eating behaviors, but the intensity of this association varied with parental migration status. With increasing loneliness, the rise in multiple unhealthy eating behaviors was most pronounced in non-LBC, followed by LBC-L; both groups showed a significantly greater increase than LBC-S; partial LBC-S (one parent migrating short-term and the other at home) exhibited a declining trend. Moreover, LBC's multiple unhealthy eating behaviors were shaped by diverse environments. Positive predictors included peer dieting communication, exposure to peers' and teachers' unhealthy eating behaviors, and watching food-related videos on social media; conversely, frequent family meals, peer nutritional communication, school-based dietary education, and online nutritional information-seeking served as protective factors. However, family dinners and watching food-related videos on social media played divergent roles for lonely children: frequent family dinners significantly increased their multiple unhealthy eating behaviors, while watching food-related videos reduced such behaviors. Therefore, in addition to familial care arrangements, emotional states and diverse environments should be considered as crucial factors in analyzing the causes of unhealthy eating behaviors among LBC.

本研究调查了农村留守儿童（LBC）多种不健康饮食行为与个人情绪（如孤独感）和多样化环境之间的相互关系。该研究包括来自中国中西部三个农村县的2861名儿童。结果表明，LBC-S型（父母双方至少一次短期迁移）和LBC-L型（父母双方长期迁移）比非lbc型表现出更多的不健康饮食行为，且LBC-S型表现出最高的饮食风险。孤独与多种不健康的饮食行为有关，但这种联系的强度因父母的迁移状况而异。随着孤独感的增加，多种不健康饮食行为的增加在非lbc人群中最为明显，其次是LBC-L人群；两组均明显高于LBC-S；部分LBC-S（父母一方短期迁移，另一方留在家中）呈现下降趋势。此外，LBC的多种不健康饮食行为是由不同的环境塑造的。积极的预测因素包括同伴节食交流、接触同伴和老师的不健康饮食行为，以及在社交媒体上观看与食物相关的视频；相反，频繁的家庭聚餐、同伴营养交流、以学校为基础的饮食教育和在线营养信息搜索是保护因素。然而，家庭聚餐和在社交媒体上观看与食物相关的视频对孤独儿童的作用是不同的：频繁的家庭聚餐显著增加了他们的多种不健康饮食行为，而观看与食物相关的视频则减少了这些行为。因此，在分析LBC人群不健康饮食行为的原因时，除了家庭照顾安排外，情绪状态和多样化的环境也是至关重要的因素。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of food-related emotional changes on cerebral hemodynamic response 食物相关情绪变化对脑血流动力学反应的影响。

IF 3.8 2区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Appetite

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2025.108415

Yoko Hasegawa , Tatsuya Suzuki , Syogo Yoshimura , Masako Shiramizu , Ma Therese Sta Maria , Masaki Sakata , Kensuke Yamamura , Takahiro Ono , Yumie Ono

This study aimed to examine how the emotional valence of food differentially modulates cortical hemodynamic responses. We investigated the neural basis of food preference by comparing brain activity during the intake of individually selected palatable and unpalatable foods.

Twenty-one healthy right-handed participants (10 males, 11 females; mean age: 28.1 ± 3.7 years) were included in the study. Palatable and unpalatable foods were selected based on pre-experimental questionnaires, and all participants fasted for 3 h before testing. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to assess hemodynamic changes in the bilateral frontoparietal regions during food ingestion. To reduce motion artifacts, only soft-textured foods were used. Emotional valence was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS), and raw fNIRS data were processed using spatial filtering to eliminate systemic effects. A general linear model was applied to extract activation related specifically to emotional responses, and cortical activity maps were generated from the oxygenated hemoglobin signals. One-sample t-tests were performed to identify common activation patterns in both palatable and unpalatable conditions.

The left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) showed significant activation correlating with emotional valence intensity for both food types. Importantly, palatable and unpalatable foods engaged distinct subregions of the prefrontal cortex, suggesting that the qualitative direction of emotional valence, positive or negative, is encoded by distinct neural substrates rather than merely reflecting response intensity.

These findings imply that the DLPFC plays a significant role in the expression of food preferences, enhancing our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying food-related emotions and potentially informing strategies to address maladaptive eating behaviors.

本研究旨在探讨食物的情绪效价如何调节皮层血流动力学反应的差异。我们研究了食物偏好的神经基础，通过比较大脑活动在单独选择的美味和不美味的食物摄入。21名健康右撇子参与者（男性10人，女性11人，平均年龄28.1±3.7岁）纳入研究。根据实验前的问卷选择美味和不美味的食物，所有参与者在测试前禁食三小时。使用功能性近红外光谱（fNIRS）评估进食过程中双侧额顶叶区域的血流动力学变化。为了减少运动伪影，只使用质地柔软的食物。情绪效价采用视觉模拟量表（VAS）评估，原始fNIRS数据采用空间滤波处理以消除系统影响。应用一般线性模型提取与情绪反应相关的活动，并从氧合血红蛋白信号生成皮层活动图。进行单样本t检验，以确定在美味和不美味的条件下共同的激活模式。对于两种食物，左背外侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC）均表现出与情绪效价强度相关的显著激活。重要的是，美味和不美味的食物涉及前额叶皮层不同的亚区，这表明情绪效价（积极或消极）的定性方向是由不同的神经基质编码的，而不仅仅是反应强度的反映。这些发现表明，DLPFC在食物偏好的表达中起着重要作用，增强了我们对食物相关情绪的神经机制的理解，并可能为解决饮食不良行为提供策略。

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引用次数: 0