Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107829
Catalin M. Stancu , Jessica Aschemann-Witzel , Alice Grønhøj , Maartje D.G.H. Mulders
The global environmental issues require that we redesign food systems. Transitioning towards more plant-based diets is crucial, but there is a gap observed between consumers’ intention and behaviour. We propose that businesses in the food sector can play a role by challenging their potential customers to overcome the gap. Drawing on the holistic COM-B model of behaviour change as well as the concept of self-nudging, we conduct an intervention study that shows how a business-driven marketing campaign that mimics challenges in the style of Veganuary could provide an opportunity for change. The mixed methods evaluation reveals that participants significantly reduced meat consumption frequency and maintained this at two months after the challenge. Perceived barriers to eating more plant-based food decreased, while perceived capability to reduce meat consumption increased. Participants talk about health and environment as motives as well as social eating contexts as barriers. We discuss implications for the role of businesses and their marketing activities in the transition to a more sustainable food system.
{"title":"Challenge your customer: How businesses may trigger change in perceived barriers, capability, and consumption","authors":"Catalin M. Stancu , Jessica Aschemann-Witzel , Alice Grønhøj , Maartje D.G.H. Mulders","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107829","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global environmental issues require that we redesign food systems. Transitioning towards more plant-based diets is crucial, but there is a gap observed between consumers’ intention and behaviour. We propose that businesses in the food sector can play a role by challenging their potential customers to overcome the gap. Drawing on the holistic COM-B model of behaviour change as well as the concept of self-nudging, we conduct an intervention study that shows how a business-driven marketing campaign that mimics challenges in the style of Veganuary could provide an opportunity for change. The mixed methods evaluation reveals that participants significantly reduced meat consumption frequency and maintained this at two months after the challenge. Perceived barriers to eating more plant-based food decreased, while perceived capability to reduce meat consumption increased. Participants talk about health and environment as motives as well as social eating contexts as barriers. We discuss implications for the role of businesses and their marketing activities in the transition to a more sustainable food system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 107829"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142870663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107843
Jenna R. Cummings , Natasha Treharne , Uku Vainik , Ashley E. Mason , Tonja R. Nansel , Leah M. Lipsky , Ashley N. Gearhardt
Identifying malleable influences on eating behaviours will advance our ability to improve physical and mental health. Food-related emotional expectancies are the anticipated positive and negative emotions from eating different foods and are theorised to affect eating behaviour, and to be amenable to change. The Anticipated Effects of Food Scale (AEFS) assesses food-related emotional expectancies using 62 one-word items; however, a shorter questionnaire would be useful in large and clinical studies. In the present study, we developed a brief version of the AEFS, named the AEFS-Brief (AEFS-B), using a data-driven approach. We identified candidate items from all-subset correlations with the AEFS and item-level correlations with eating behaviours in two community samples (n = 247, n = 718), and we assessed internal consistency and validity of the AEFS-B. We further assessed internal consistency and validity in two independent samples (n = 200, n = 108) that completed a ‘bogus’ taste test or 24-h dietary recalls. Results indicated that the AEFS-B with 28 one-word items had good internal consistency and convergent validity with the AEFS. Analysis with AEFS-B scores reproduced associations of AEFS scores with intake of added sugars, symptoms of food addiction, eating to cope motives, and ad libitum food intake. We also demonstrated novel associations of AEFS and AEFS-B scores with emotional eating and diet quality. The AEFS-B appears to be a reliable and valid brief measure of food-related emotional expectancies that can be used in cohort and population studies, ecological momentary assessments, and for clinical populations in which participant burden is high.
确定饮食行为的可塑影响将提高我们改善身心健康的能力。与食物相关的情绪预期是人们在吃不同食物时预期的积极和消极情绪，理论上可以影响饮食行为，并且是可以改变的。食物预期效应量表（AEFS）使用62个单词条目来评估与食物相关的情绪期望；然而，在大型和临床研究中，较短的问卷将是有用的。在本研究中，我们使用数据驱动的方法开发了AEFS的简要版本，命名为AEFS- brief （AEFS- b）。我们从两个社区样本（n = 247, n = 718）中与AEFS的全子集相关性和与饮食行为的项目水平相关性中确定候选项目，并评估了AEFS- b的内部一致性和有效性。我们进一步评估了两个独立样本（n = 200, n = 108）的内部一致性和有效性，这些样本完成了“虚假”味觉测试或24小时饮食召回。结果表明，28份单词题AEFS- b与AEFS具有较好的内部一致性和收敛效度。对AEFS- b评分的分析再现了AEFS评分与添加糖摄入、食物成瘾症状、为应对动机而进食和随意食物摄入的关联。我们还证明了AEFS和AEFS- b评分与情绪饮食和饮食质量之间的新关联。AEFS-B似乎是一种可靠和有效的食物相关情绪预期的简短测量方法，可用于队列和人群研究，生态瞬时评估以及参与者负担高的临床人群。
{"title":"Development and validation of a brief form of the Anticipated Effects of Food Scale","authors":"Jenna R. Cummings , Natasha Treharne , Uku Vainik , Ashley E. Mason , Tonja R. Nansel , Leah M. Lipsky , Ashley N. Gearhardt","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Identifying malleable influences on eating behaviours will advance our ability to improve physical and mental health. Food-related emotional expectancies are the anticipated positive and negative emotions from eating different foods and are theorised to affect eating behaviour, and to be amenable to change. The Anticipated Effects of Food Scale (AEFS) assesses food-related emotional expectancies using 62 one-word items; however, a shorter questionnaire would be useful in large and clinical studies. In the present study, we developed a brief version of the AEFS, named the AEFS-Brief (AEFS-B), using a data-driven approach. We identified candidate items from all-subset correlations with the AEFS and item-level correlations with eating behaviours in two community samples (<em>n</em> = 247, <em>n</em> = 718), and we assessed internal consistency and validity of the AEFS-B. We further assessed internal consistency and validity in two independent samples (<em>n</em> = 200, <em>n</em> = 108) that completed a ‘bogus’ taste test or 24-h dietary recalls. Results indicated that the AEFS-B with 28 one-word items had good internal consistency and convergent validity with the AEFS. Analysis with AEFS-B scores reproduced associations of AEFS scores with intake of added sugars, symptoms of food addiction, eating to cope motives, and <em>ad libitum</em> food intake. We also demonstrated novel associations of AEFS and AEFS-B scores with emotional eating and diet quality. The AEFS-B appears to be a reliable and valid brief measure of food-related emotional expectancies that can be used in cohort and population studies, ecological momentary assessments, and for clinical populations in which participant burden is high.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 107843"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142890784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107846
Jing Bai , Hao Zhu , Xiaowen Ran , Haiyan Qu , Li He , Yang Zhao
Objective
The purpose of this study was to examine time-stamped impacts of screen exposure on food intake among healthy adults.
Methods
Four electronic databases were searched up to August 31, 2024, including ProQuest, PubMed, Web of Science and Embase. A meta-analysis of inverse variance was used to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) in food intake between watching and not watching screen groups, and groups with different screen contents (e.g., food cues).
Results
23 experimental studies with 1894 participants were included. Watching screen (vs. not watching group, SMD: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.26; I2 = 42%; p 0.01) significantly increased food intake, while the impact of the contents, including food cues, weight control cues and TV conditions, displayed on screens on food intake was not significantly different. Subgroup analysis revealed that food intake increased significantly with exposure to screens in females (SMD: 0.20; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.35; I2 = 25%; p = 0.01).
Conclusion
Adults especially females eat more while watching screen, whatever the screen content displayed on the screen. Given the influence of study designs, more within-subject studies with high quality were required to understand the intricate relationship between screen exposure and food intake, ultimately managing promoting healthier dietary habits.
{"title":"The time-stamped effects of screen exposure on food intake in adults: A meta-analysis of experimental studies","authors":"Jing Bai , Hao Zhu , Xiaowen Ran , Haiyan Qu , Li He , Yang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107846","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107846","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The purpose of this study was to examine time-stamped impacts of screen exposure on food intake among healthy adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Four electronic databases were searched up to August 31, 2024, including ProQuest, PubMed, Web of Science and Embase. A meta-analysis of inverse variance was used to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) in food intake between watching and not watching screen groups, and groups with different screen contents (e.g., food cues).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>23 experimental studies with 1894 participants were included. Watching screen (vs. not watching group, SMD: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.26; <em>I</em><sup><em>2</em></sup> = 42%; <em>p</em> 0.01) significantly increased food intake, while the impact of the contents, including food cues, weight control cues and TV conditions, displayed on screens on food intake was not significantly different. Subgroup analysis revealed that food intake increased significantly with exposure to screens in females (SMD: 0.20; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.35; <em>I</em><sup><em>2</em></sup> = 25%; p = 0.01).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Adults especially females eat more while watching screen, whatever the screen content displayed on the screen. Given the influence of study designs, more within-subject studies with high quality were required to understand the intricate relationship between screen exposure and food intake, ultimately managing promoting healthier dietary habits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 107846"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107822
Yang Hu , Xumin Zhang , Yingkai Fang , Zhifeng Gao
Many people are resuming overseas sojourns for tourism, studying abroad, and emigration to foreign countries, contributing to the increasingly diverse population in the United States. Thanks to the growing ethnic and racial diversity, American consumers can access global cuisine and are exposed to different cultures and media influences. Previous studies have highlighted the significance of comprehending the cultures of ethnic minorities and their cultural dimensions in the context of marketing context. There is still a research gap in discussing the effect of multicultural experience on attitudes towards foods. This study evaluates the role of sociocultural factors, such as traveling and sojourning and multicultural sensitivity, on consumers' attitudes toward new foods in the United States. The results show significant effects of sociocultural factors and consumers' perceptions of cultural differences on consumers' openness to new foods. The findings provide insights into the food industry and policymakers regarding approvals and market strategies for introducing new and foreign imported foods. Additionally, the results help retail and restaurant entrepreneurs better target their intended market and consumers.
{"title":"The influence of multicultural experience on attitudes towards new foods in the U.S.","authors":"Yang Hu , Xumin Zhang , Yingkai Fang , Zhifeng Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many people are resuming overseas sojourns for tourism, studying abroad, and emigration to foreign countries, contributing to the increasingly diverse population in the United States. Thanks to the growing ethnic and racial diversity, American consumers can access global cuisine and are exposed to different cultures and media influences. Previous studies have highlighted the significance of comprehending the cultures of ethnic minorities and their cultural dimensions in the context of marketing context. There is still a research gap in discussing the effect of multicultural experience on attitudes towards foods. This study evaluates the role of sociocultural factors, such as traveling and sojourning and multicultural sensitivity, on consumers' attitudes toward new foods in the United States. The results show significant effects of sociocultural factors and consumers' perceptions of cultural differences on consumers' openness to new foods. The findings provide insights into the food industry and policymakers regarding approvals and market strategies for introducing new and foreign imported foods. Additionally, the results help retail and restaurant entrepreneurs better target their intended market and consumers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 107822"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142851711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107837
Marija Branković , Anastasija Budžak , Itana Đurašković , Branko Vlajin
Our study investigated the effects of three labels on the preference for plant-based products: plant-based, vegan, and Lenten, referring to products appropriate to consume during religious fasting. We conducted two preregistered experiments to measure the effects of labeling on product preference (Study 1, N = 290) and actual tasting preferences (Study 2, N = 251) in a predominantly meat-eating European society (Serbia). We did not find statistically significant effects of labels on the preference for plant-based products in Study 1. In Study 2, the labels affected the preference for plant-based cheese, with Lenten and plant-based labels being slightly preferred over the vegan label. Labeling did not affect the tasting preference for plant-based milk or prosciutto. Across the two studies, the plant-based products were consistently favorably rated, regardless of the label. Plant-based milk emerged as the most preferred product in both studies. We also found that previous experience with plant-based products, as well as speciesism - endorsement of animal exploitation - consistently predicted preferences for plant-based products, irrespective of the label. These findings underscore the influence of labeling on some plant-based products while also revealing the overall minor impact of labeling on consumer preferences. We further discuss the absence of adverse effects of vegan labeling.
{"title":"What is in a label: Effects of labeling on the preference for plant-based products","authors":"Marija Branković , Anastasija Budžak , Itana Đurašković , Branko Vlajin","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Our study investigated the effects of three labels on the preference for plant-based products: plant-based, vegan, and Lenten, referring to products appropriate to consume during religious fasting. We conducted two preregistered experiments to measure the effects of labeling on product preference (Study 1, <em>N</em> = 290) and actual tasting preferences (Study 2, <em>N</em> = 251) in a predominantly meat-eating European society (Serbia). We did not find statistically significant effects of labels on the preference for plant-based products in Study 1. In Study 2, the labels affected the preference for plant-based cheese, with Lenten and plant-based labels being slightly preferred over the vegan label. Labeling did not affect the tasting preference for plant-based milk or prosciutto. Across the two studies, the plant-based products were consistently favorably rated, regardless of the label. Plant-based milk emerged as the most preferred product in both studies. We also found that previous experience with plant-based products, as well as speciesism - endorsement of animal exploitation - consistently predicted preferences for plant-based products, irrespective of the label. These findings underscore the influence of labeling on some plant-based products while also revealing the overall minor impact of labeling on consumer preferences. We further discuss the absence of adverse effects of vegan labeling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 107837"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142880680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107842
Kosuke Motoki, Yu Qin
Alternative proteins have attracted increasing attention from researchers and industry. Generally, consumers exhibit reluctance toward accepting alternative proteins. However, the potential of cognitive strategies to enhance consumer acceptance of alternative proteins remains unclear. Drawing on the literature on emotion regulation, we investigated whether emotion-regulation strategies, particularly positive cognitive reappraisal, could increase positive emotions and the wanting for alternative proteins. Across two pre-registered studies, our findings revealed that positive cognitive reappraisal significantly increased the wanting for various alternative proteins, including insects, plant-based meat analogs, cultured meat, and algae compared with looking at the alternative proteins. Additionally, an increase in the wanting for alternative proteins was mediated by an increase in positive emotional responses. In other words, positive cognitive reappraisal (versus looking at alternative proteins) enhances positive emotional responses to alternative proteins, which in turn enhances wanting for alternative proteins. These findings reveal the role of cognitive strategies in enhancing consumer acceptance of alternative proteins and suggest that interventions focusing on positive cognitive reappraisal could effectively increase consumer acceptance of alternative proteins.
{"title":"Cognitive regulation of alternative proteins: Positive reappraisal enhances wanting for insects, plant-based meat analogies, cultured meat, and algae","authors":"Kosuke Motoki, Yu Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alternative proteins have attracted increasing attention from researchers and industry. Generally, consumers exhibit reluctance toward accepting alternative proteins. However, the potential of cognitive strategies to enhance consumer acceptance of alternative proteins remains unclear. Drawing on the literature on emotion regulation, we investigated whether emotion-regulation strategies, particularly positive cognitive reappraisal, could increase positive emotions and the wanting for alternative proteins. Across two pre-registered studies, our findings revealed that positive cognitive reappraisal significantly increased the wanting for various alternative proteins, including insects, plant-based meat analogs, cultured meat, and algae compared with looking at the alternative proteins. Additionally, an increase in the wanting for alternative proteins was mediated by an increase in positive emotional responses. In other words, positive cognitive reappraisal (versus looking at alternative proteins) enhances positive emotional responses to alternative proteins, which in turn enhances wanting for alternative proteins. These findings reveal the role of cognitive strategies in enhancing consumer acceptance of alternative proteins and suggest that interventions focusing on positive cognitive reappraisal could effectively increase consumer acceptance of alternative proteins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 107842"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142890781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107830
Dilara Dericioglu , Lisa Methven , Amir Shafat , Miriam E. Clegg
Older adults are encouraged to increase their protein intake and engage in more physical activity to preserve muscle mass. However, since protein is considered the most satiating macronutrient, this advice might lead to a decrease in overall energy consumption. Physical activity is also recommended to older adults to enhance appetite, as it has been shown to help regulate appetite in younger adults, yet there is limited evidence to support this in older populations. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of physical activity and protein on food intake, perceived appetite, and gastric emptying in older adults. Nineteen active and 19 less active older adults completed a single-blind, randomised, crossover trial involving two test days at home. Participants received a standard breakfast, followed by an isovolumetric (250 ml) and isocaloric (∼300 kcal) high- or low-protein preload milkshake (57% versus 17% energy as protein) matched for sensory properties. Three hours after the preload, participants were offered an ad libitum meal. Food intake was weighed, perceived appetite was measured by 100 mm visual analogue scales, and gastric emptying via the 13C-octanoic acid breath test. Higher protein intake did not affect subsequent energy intake or appetite ratings in both active and less active groups. Gastric emptying half time was longer following the high-protein milkshake compared to the low-protein milkshake. The active group had a lower perceived appetite, but faster gastric emptying time compared to the less active group. In conclusion, while higher protein intake slows gastric emptying, it did not reduce appetite or subsequent food intake in older adults, regardless of physical activity level. Additionally, being physically active suppresses perceived appetite and accelerates gastric emptying without affecting food intake.
{"title":"Differences in appetite, food intake, and gastric emptying responses to protein intake by older adults varying in level of physical activity: A randomised controlled trial","authors":"Dilara Dericioglu , Lisa Methven , Amir Shafat , Miriam E. Clegg","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Older adults are encouraged to increase their protein intake and engage in more physical activity to preserve muscle mass. However, since protein is considered the most satiating macronutrient, this advice might lead to a decrease in overall energy consumption. Physical activity is also recommended to older adults to enhance appetite, as it has been shown to help regulate appetite in younger adults, yet there is limited evidence to support this in older populations. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of physical activity and protein on food intake, perceived appetite, and gastric emptying in older adults. Nineteen active and 19 less active older adults completed a single-blind, randomised, crossover trial involving two test days at home. Participants received a standard breakfast, followed by an isovolumetric (250 ml) and isocaloric (∼300 kcal) high- or low-protein preload milkshake (57% versus 17% energy as protein) matched for sensory properties. Three hours after the preload, participants were offered an <em>ad libitum</em> meal. Food intake was weighed, perceived appetite was measured by 100 mm visual analogue scales, and gastric emptying via the <sup>13</sup>C-octanoic acid breath test. Higher protein intake did not affect subsequent energy intake or appetite ratings in both active and less active groups. Gastric emptying half time was longer following the high-protein milkshake compared to the low-protein milkshake. The active group had a lower perceived appetite, but faster gastric emptying time compared to the less active group. In conclusion, while higher protein intake slows gastric emptying, it did not reduce appetite or subsequent food intake in older adults, regardless of physical activity level. Additionally, being physically active suppresses perceived appetite and accelerates gastric emptying without affecting food intake.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 107830"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142906400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107803
Kaiyang Qin , Saar Mollen , Wilma Waterlander , Sixu Cai , Eline Smit
Social media is becoming an increasingly important environment for food-related content, however, the question of whether the food content encountered on social media contributes to the perception of food-related social norms is relatively unexplored. In the present study, we addressed this question by testing whether exposure to unhealthy food content on YouTube is related to how people perceive social norms regarding (un)healthy food consumption. Furthermore, we investigated the boundary conditions for the hypothetical link between the exposure and the norm perceptions, focusing on the type of content (i.e., ads vs. user-generated content) and individual characteristics (i.e., algorithmic media content awareness). We applied a data donation approach to collect YouTube data on users' exposure to food-related content and combined this with a survey. With the data from 102 respondents, no significant association between unhealthy food content exposure (i.e., frequency and proportion) and perceived unhealthy food norms was found. Explorative analyses revealed, however, a significant negative association between unhealthy food content exposure (i.e., frequency) and perceived healthy food norms, and this association was more pronounced when individuals encountered more user-generated food content (vs. food ads). Interestingly, this pattern emerged only for injunctive norms but not for descriptive norms. Despite these results offering limited support for the presumed link between exposure to unhealthy food content and food norm perceptions, the findings provide input for future studies in this area. Limitations of the present study and implications of employing a data donation approach for exploring social media data are discussed.
{"title":"Social perceptions going online: Exploring the impact of social media food content exposure on perceptions of food norms","authors":"Kaiyang Qin , Saar Mollen , Wilma Waterlander , Sixu Cai , Eline Smit","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Social media is becoming an increasingly important environment for food-related content, however, the question of whether the food content encountered on social media contributes to the perception of food-related social norms is relatively unexplored. In the present study, we addressed this question by testing whether exposure to unhealthy food content on YouTube is related to how people perceive social norms regarding (un)healthy food consumption. Furthermore, we investigated the boundary conditions for the hypothetical link between the exposure and the norm perceptions, focusing on the type of content (i.e., ads vs. user-generated content) and individual characteristics (i.e., algorithmic media content awareness). We applied a data donation approach to collect YouTube data on users' exposure to food-related content and combined this with a survey. With the data from 102 respondents, no significant association between unhealthy food content exposure (i.e., frequency and proportion) and perceived unhealthy food norms was found. Explorative analyses revealed, however, a significant negative association between unhealthy food content exposure (i.e., frequency) and perceived healthy food norms, and this association was more pronounced when individuals encountered more user-generated food content (vs. food ads). Interestingly, this pattern emerged only for injunctive norms but not for descriptive norms. Despite these results offering limited support for the presumed link between exposure to unhealthy food content and food norm perceptions, the findings provide input for future studies in this area. Limitations of the present study and implications of employing a data donation approach for exploring social media data are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 107803"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142790739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Children's vegetable and fruit (V&F) consumption is generally lower than dietary recommendations. Thus, this study explored 15 Swedish children's thoughts, experiences and approaches to V&F consumption. Individual interviews were conducted with 10- to 12-year-old children (eight girls and seven boys) of diverse cultural backgrounds. The interviews were thematically analysed, and a final step adopted a phenomenographic approach. The results reveal that the children thought of V&F as healthy, but their knowledge of V&F's health effects was fragmented and lacked context. They named both adults and their peers as important in encouraging or discouraging them from consuming V&F. Many of them also described creative and playful uses of V&F. From the children's thoughts and experiences, the following elements were identified as influencing their V&F consumption: (1) the V&F's taste and serving style, (2) the impact of others, (3) beliefs about V&F's healthiness and (4) their conscious habits and choices. The researchers categorised the children's different ways of relating to the elements as the following approaches to children's V&F consumption: ‘The food determines what I eat’, ‘Other people determine what I eat’, ‘My knowledge determines what I eat’ and ‘My conscious habits determine what I eat’. We suggest that future efforts to promote children's V&F consumption consider these approaches, for example by supporting peer norms, sensory play and training and more comprehensive age-appropriate explanations of V&F's health effects as well as educational tools that empower children to self-monitor habits that facilitate their adequate consumption of V&F.
{"title":"‘There are healthy things inside’: Children's thoughts about, experiences with and approaches to vegetable and fruit consumption","authors":"Hannah Helgegren , Anna Winkvist , Margret Lepp , Christel Larsson","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Children's vegetable and fruit (V&F) consumption is generally lower than dietary recommendations. Thus, this study explored 15 Swedish children's thoughts, experiences and approaches to V&F consumption. Individual interviews were conducted with 10- to 12-year-old children (eight girls and seven boys) of diverse cultural backgrounds. The interviews were thematically analysed, and a final step adopted a phenomenographic approach. The results reveal that the children thought of V&F as healthy, but their knowledge of V&F's health effects was fragmented and lacked context. They named both adults and their peers as important in encouraging or discouraging them from consuming V&F. Many of them also described creative and playful uses of V&F. From the children's thoughts and experiences, the following elements were identified as influencing their V&F consumption: (1) the V&F's taste and serving style, (2) the impact of others, (3) beliefs about V&F's healthiness and (4) their conscious habits and choices. The researchers categorised the children's different ways of relating to the elements as the following approaches to children's V&F consumption: ‘The food determines what I eat’, ‘Other people determine what I eat’, ‘My knowledge determines what I eat’ and ‘My conscious habits determine what I eat’. We suggest that future efforts to promote children's V&F consumption consider these approaches, for example by supporting peer norms, sensory play and training and more comprehensive age-appropriate explanations of V&F's health effects as well as educational tools that empower children to self-monitor habits that facilitate their adequate consumption of V&F.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 107819"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107820
Jonas Potthoff, Anne Schienle
Background
Interventions with deceptive placebos can reduce visual attention directed to high-calorie sweets. Open-label placebos (OLPs), which avoid the ethical concerns associated with deception, have shown promise in various fields. This is the first study to test the effects of OLPs on appetite, desire for sweet taste and visual attention for high-sugar foods.
Methods
In this preregistered laboratory study, fifty-three females (mean age = 22.8 years) were presented with image pairs depicting food high vs. low in sugar as well as non-food items. The image presentation was conducted once with and without an OLP. Different indicators of visual attention (total fixation duration, number of fixations, first fixation location), general appetite and the desire to eat the depicted food items were assessed. Moreover, participants tasted and evaluated a sucrose solution to determine their desire for the sweet taste.
Results
The OLP decreased general appetite (p = .005, ηp2 = .09) and the desire to taste the sucrose solution again (p = .036, d = .30). The intervention did not affect visual attention: both conditions (with/without OLP) were characterized by a longer total fixation duration and a higher number of fixations for images with low-sugar food compared to high-sugar food when presented alongside images of non-food.
Conclusion
The OLP did not reduce visual attention toward images of high-sugar food, and OLP effects were only observed in self-report measures. Future research should elaborate on how the efficacy of OLPs can be improved or whether deception is necessary to decrease visual attention via placebos.
{"title":"Effects of an open-label placebo on visual attention directed to food high in sugar, appetite, and desire for sweet taste","authors":"Jonas Potthoff, Anne Schienle","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Interventions with deceptive placebos can reduce visual attention directed to high-calorie sweets. Open-label placebos (OLPs), which avoid the ethical concerns associated with deception, have shown promise in various fields. This is the first study to test the effects of OLPs on appetite, desire for sweet taste and visual attention for high-sugar foods.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this preregistered laboratory study, fifty-three females (mean age = 22.8 years) were presented with image pairs depicting food high vs. low in sugar as well as non-food items. The image presentation was conducted once with and without an OLP. Different indicators of visual attention (total fixation duration, number of fixations, first fixation location), general appetite and the desire to eat the depicted food items were assessed. Moreover, participants tasted and evaluated a sucrose solution to determine their desire for the sweet taste.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The OLP decreased general appetite (<em>p</em> = .005, <em>η</em><sub><em>p</em></sub><sup><em>2</em></sup> = .09) and the desire to taste the sucrose solution again (<em>p</em> = .036, <em>d</em> = .30). The intervention did not affect visual attention: both conditions (with/without OLP) were characterized by a longer total fixation duration and a higher number of fixations for images with low-sugar food compared to high-sugar food when presented alongside images of non-food.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The OLP did not reduce visual attention toward images of high-sugar food, and OLP effects were only observed in self-report measures. Future research should elaborate on how the efficacy of OLPs can be improved or whether deception is necessary to decrease visual attention via placebos.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 107820"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142826546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号