Appetite最新文献_第7页

The role of appearance-based and interpersonal rejection sensitivity in youth loss of control eating: A one-year longitudinal study 外貌敏感性和人际拒绝敏感性在青少年饮食失控中的作用：一项为期一年的纵向研究。

IF 3.8 2区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Appetite

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2025.108427

Anna C. Rauen , Andrea H. Meyer , Felicitas Forrer , Verena M. Müller , Simone Munsch

A significant number of youths experience loss of control eating (LOC), characterized by a sense of losing control over eating, regardless of food amount. Binge eating, a common LOC variant, involves consuming large amounts of food in a short period, often accompanied by distress. Previous research suggests that interpersonal and appearance-based rejection sensitivity (RS), the tendency to anxiously expect, readily perceive, and overreact to rejection, may contribute to the development and persistence of LOC variants. This study examined whether baseline levels of interpersonal and appearance-based RS are associated with LOC variants one year later in a youth sample aged 14–24 and enriched for LOC and binge eating by virtue of recruitment strategies. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression models indicate that both interpersonal and appearance-based RS were associated with the occurrence of self-reported monthly binge eating episodes one year later, but not with the frequency of binge eating episodes. The findings highlight RS as a potential influencing factor for the development and maintenance of LOC variants, even in the absence of severe body dissatisfaction or mood disturbances. Early interventions targeting emotional responses to perceived rejection, particularly appearance-related, may help prevent or reduce LOC behaviors during adolescence and emerging adulthood.

相当多的年轻人经历了饮食失控（LOC），其特征是无论食物的数量如何，都感觉失去了对饮食的控制。暴饮暴食是一种常见的LOC变体，包括在短时间内消耗大量食物，通常伴随着痛苦。先前的研究表明，人际关系和基于外表的拒绝敏感性（RS），即焦虑地期待、容易感知和过度反应拒绝的倾向，可能有助于LOC变异的发展和持续。本研究调查了14-24岁的青年样本中，人际关系和基于外表的RS基线水平是否与一年后LOC变异相关，这些样本因招募策略而增加了LOC和暴饮暴食。零膨胀负二项回归模型表明，人际关系和基于外貌的RS与一年后自我报告的每月暴食发作的发生有关，但与暴食发作的频率无关。研究结果强调，即使在没有严重的身体不满或情绪障碍的情况下，RS也是LOC变异发展和维持的潜在影响因素。早期干预针对感知排斥的情绪反应，特别是与外表相关的情绪反应，可能有助于预防或减少青春期和成年初期的LOC行为。

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引用次数: 0

“I care but it doesn't keep me up at night”: A qualitative exploration of perceptions of biodiversity-friendly food consumption “我关心，但它不会让我夜不能寐”：对生物多样性友好型食品消费观念的定性探索。

IF 3.8 2区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Appetite

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2025.108426

Julia Q. Shen , Jonas House , Bob C. Mulder , Sigrid Wertheim-Heck

Biodiversity, crucial for resilient agri-food systems, is declining at an unprecedented rate, partly due to changing food systems. Lack of consumer willingness has been identified as a barrier to adopt biodiversity-friendly agricultural practices, however, a consumer perspective remains underexplored. This paper presents findings from four focus group discussions in the Netherlands with a relatively environmentally-conscious sample (N = 24), exploring how they perceive biodiversity-friendly production and consumption. These discussions reveal two main insights: first, participants are aware of the negative ecological impacts of food systems and can identify key drivers of biodiversity loss, such as increased chemical inputs, monocultures and unsustainable consumption patterns. They recognize the systemic nature of these problems, describing the system as ‘locked in’ by economic and institutional constraints. Second, while participants stress the role of consumers in driving food systems (change), they simultaneously express ambivalence around their own agency to do so. Mapped according to the COM-B model, the study identifies drivers and barriers related to people's perceived capability (e.g., limited visibility of biodiversity), opportunity (e.g., limited availability and accessibility of alternatives), and motivation (e.g., conflicting priorities) to consume in a more biodiversity-friendly way. We argue that this tension between responsibility and agency reflects a broader discourse of consumer responsibilization, in which individuals are assigned responsibility for solving broader problems through their consumption, without being given the means to. The study demonstrates the need for systems that enable biodiversity-friendly food consumption, as well as foster a more balanced societal discourse on responsibility and agency in food systems.

生物多样性对有抵御力的农业粮食系统至关重要，但生物多样性正在以前所未有的速度下降，部分原因是粮食系统的变化。缺乏消费者意愿已被确定为采用生物多样性友好型农业做法的障碍，然而，消费者的观点仍未得到充分探讨。本文介绍了荷兰四个焦点小组讨论的结果，其中有一个相对环保意识的样本（N = 24），探讨了他们如何看待生物多样性友好型生产和消费。这些讨论揭示了两个主要见解：首先，与会者意识到粮食系统的负面生态影响，并能够确定生物多样性丧失的关键驱动因素，如化学品投入增加、单一栽培和不可持续的消费模式。他们认识到这些问题的系统性，并将其描述为经济和制度约束的“锁定”。第二，虽然参与者强调消费者在推动食品系统（变革）方面的作用，但他们同时对自己的机构这样做表示矛盾。根据COM-B模型，该研究确定了与人们感知能力（例如，生物多样性的有限可见性）、机会（例如，替代品的有限可用性和可及性）和动机（例如，优先事项冲突）相关的驱动因素和障碍，以更有利于生物多样性的方式消费。我们认为，责任和代理之间的这种紧张关系反映了一种更广泛的消费者责任话语，在这种话语中，个人被赋予了通过消费解决更广泛问题的责任，而没有被赋予这样做的手段。该研究表明，需要建立有利于生物多样性的粮食消费体系，并促进关于粮食系统责任和机构的更平衡的社会话语。

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引用次数: 0

Associations between out of home food sector outlet menu healthiness scores, menu characteristics and energy consumed by customers in England during 2021–2022 2021-2022年外出食品行业门店菜单健康评分、菜单特征与客户能耗之间的关系。

IF 3.8 2区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Appetite

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2025.108424

Amy Finlay , Yuru Huang , Jean Adams , Andrew Jones , Rebecca Evans , Eric Robinson

Greater consumption of food prepared out of the home (OOH) is associated with higher energy intake. Strategies are needed to make eating OOH food less harmful to health. Identifying menu characteristics associated with higher energy consumption could aid characterisation of OOH outlets by their relative healthiness and inform future policy intervention in the OOH food sector. This study aimed to identify whether outlet healthiness rating tools and food menu characteristics can explain variance in energy consumed during OOH food eating occasions. Customers (N = 3718) were asked to recall their food orders upon exiting a range of OOH outlets across four local authorities in England during 2021 and 2022. For each outlet, universal health rating scores were calculated based on select menu characteristics and deep learning healthiness scores were calculated based on outlet name. Random forest models and robust linear regression models clustered by outlet were used to identify whether outlet healthiness scores and individual menu characteristics were associated with kcal consumed. Energy consumed during OOH outlet visits was negatively associated with universal health rating scores (−28.3; 95 % CI -44.8 to −11.8; p = .003) but not associated with deep learning scores. Menu characteristics with the greatest importance and therefore contributing the most to predictive accuracy for energy consumed were the percent of savoury main menu items over 600 kcal and 1345 kcal, the number of desserts, the number of unique vegetables, and the percent of drinks over 100 kcal. Menu characteristics accounted for 29% of variance in energy consumed by customers. Universal health rating scores may be a useful tool to characterise the healthiness of OOH outlets in England. Investigating the potential impact of OOH outlet health ratings on consumer and business behaviour is warranted.

在家外准备的食物消耗越多，能量摄入就越高。我们需要一些策略来降低户外食品对健康的危害。确定与高能耗户外餐厅相关的菜单特征，可以通过户外餐厅的相对健康状况来帮助描述其特征，并为未来户外食品行业的政策干预提供信息。本研究旨在确定餐厅健康评级工具和食物菜单特征是否可以解释户外食品消费场合的能量消耗差异。在2021年和2022年期间，顾客（N=3718）被要求在离开英格兰四个地方当局的一系列户外媒体店时召回他们订购的食物。对于每个门店，根据选择菜单特征计算普遍健康评级得分，并根据门店名称计算深度学习健康得分。使用随机森林模型和按出口聚类的鲁棒线性回归模型来确定出口健康评分和个人菜单特征是否与卡路里消耗相关。户外媒体访问期间消耗的能量与全民健康评分呈负相关（-28.3;95% CI -44.8至-11.8;p= 0.003），但与深度学习评分无关。菜单特征最重要，因此对能量消耗的预测准确性贡献最大的是超过600kcal和1345kcal的开胃主菜的百分比，甜点的数量，独特蔬菜的数量，以及超过100kcal的饮料的百分比。菜单特征占顾客能量消耗变化的29%。全民健康评级分数可能是一个有用的工具，以表征健康的户外媒体网点在英国。调查户外媒体健康评级对消费者和商业行为的潜在影响是有必要的。

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引用次数: 0

Manipulating attention during eating effects food intake and medial prefrontal cortex fNIRS response in women with cognitive restraint 进食时操纵注意力对认知受限女性食物摄入和内侧前额叶皮层fNIRS反应的影响。

IF 3.8 2区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Appetite

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2025.108416

Eram Albajri , Hasan Ayaz , Patricia A. Shewokis , Angelo Del Parigi , Sinclair A. Smith , Jennifer J. Quinlan , Jennifer A. Nasser

Objective

To investigate how shifting the attention away from food being eaten (by women who are cognitively restrained) toward another food-related stimulus affects food intake and relative increases in neural activity from baseline (as relative changes in oxygenated hemoglobin, HbO) within the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC).

Methods

Participants were divided into 2 groups of 23 subjects based on a median split of TFEQ-R score: cognitively restrained (CR) or non-cognitively restrained (NCR). Relative change from baseline in mPFC activity was measured using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during ad libitum consumption of a preferred high fat/high sugar food over a 3- to10-min period while participants viewed food advertisement (FV) or nature scene (NV) videos.

Results

After controlling for covariates, including body mass index and FV eating duration, we found that group-by-condition interaction was significantly able to predict grams of food consumed (P = 0.031). In the CR group, food intake positively correlated with mPFC HbO under both video conditions (P < 0. 05). The increase in mPFC HbO from baseline under both conditions was higher in CR subjects (P = 0.035, 95 % CI: 0.04, 1.20).

Conclusions

Exposure to a palatable food advertisement video elicited different behavioral and neural responses between CR and NCR groups. While food intake did not increase in the CR group under FV, their mPFC activity was positively correlated with intake. These findings suggest that maintaining restraint under hedonic distraction may require greater cognitive effort. Future studies should explore longer-term effects on self-regulation.

目的：研究将注意力从正在吃的食物（认知受限的女性）转移到另一种与食物相关的刺激如何影响食物摄入和内侧前额叶皮层（mPFC）内神经活动相对基线的相对增加（如氧合血红蛋白，HbO的相对变化）。方法：根据TFEQ-R评分中位数分成认知受限组（CR）和非认知受限组（NCR），每组23人。在观看食品广告（FV）或自然场景（NV）视频的3- 10分钟时间内，研究人员利用功能性近红外光谱（fNIRS）测量了参与者在随意食用高脂肪/高糖食物时mPFC活性与基线的相对变化。结果：在控制了协变量（包括体重指数和进食时间）后，我们发现群体-条件相互作用能够显著预测摄入的食物克数（P = 0.031）。CR组在两种视频条件下，食物摄取量与mPFC HbO呈正相关（P < 0.05）。05)。在两种情况下，CR受试者的mPFC HbO较基线增加更高（P = 0.035, 95% CI: 0.04, 1.20）。结论：可口食品广告视频在CR组和NCR组之间引起不同的行为和神经反应。虽然在FV下CR组的食物摄取量没有增加，但它们的mPFC活性与摄取量呈正相关。这些发现表明，在享乐分心的情况下保持克制可能需要更大的认知努力。未来的研究应该探索对自我调节的长期影响。

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引用次数: 0

Gender differences in multi-attribute dietary decision making under time pressure: A hierarchical drift-diffusion approach 时间压力下多属性饮食决策的性别差异：一个分层漂移-扩散方法。

IF 3.8 2区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Appetite

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2025.108420

Mengying Liu , Jingyi Jiang , Jianping Huang , Xiaoang Wan

Time pressure influences decision-making across domains, but its effects on multi-attribute dietary decision and potential gender differences remain unclear. Using an incentive-compatible paradigm, we investigated how time pressure might modulate the cognitive mechanisms of food choices in men and women. Participants made binary choices between health-taste tradeoffs under time-pressure and no-time-pressure conditions. Behavioral results revealed that time pressure altered choice patterns across genders, with no gender differences in response times or healthier choices under both time conditions. Hierarchical drift-diffusion modeling (HDDM) revealed three key mechanisms. First, male participants shifted from deliberative health-taste integration to hedonic-dominant processing under time pressure, whereas female participants maintained stable taste-focused strategies. Second, both genders showed reduced decision thresholds under time constraints, requiring less evidence for choices. Third, time pressure eliminated baseline gender differences in perceptual-motor speed. Collectively, these findings indicated that temporal constraints may restructure dietary decision-making through both gender-specific strategies and shared adaptive responses, offering insights for designing personalized choice environments to promote healthier eating.

时间压力影响跨领域的决策，但其对多属性饮食决策的影响和潜在的性别差异尚不清楚。使用激励相容范式，我们研究了时间压力如何调节男性和女性食物选择的认知机制。参与者在有时间压力和没有时间压力的条件下做出健康-味觉权衡的二元选择。行为结果显示，时间压力改变了不同性别的选择模式，在两种时间条件下，在反应时间或更健康的选择上没有性别差异。分层漂移扩散模型（HDDM）揭示了三个关键机制。首先，在时间压力下，男性参与者从审慎的健康-味觉整合转变为享乐-优势加工，而女性参与者则保持稳定的味觉聚焦策略。其次，两性在时间限制下的决策阈值都降低了，选择所需的证据更少。第三，时间压力消除了感知运动速度的基线性别差异。总的来说，这些发现表明，时间限制可能会通过性别特定策略和共同的适应性反应来重组饮食决策，为设计个性化的选择环境以促进更健康的饮食提供见解。

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引用次数: 0

Pregnancy Eating Attitudes-Questionnaire (PEA-Q): Longitudinal measurement invariance from early to late pregnancy in a community sample 妊娠饮食态度问卷（PEA-Q）：在社区样本中，从妊娠早期到晚期的纵向测量不变性

IF 3.8 2区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Appetite

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2025.108421

Riley J. Jouppi , Colin E. Vize , Christine C. Call , Rebecca L. Emery Tavernier , Lydia B. Brown , Rachel P. Kolko Conlon , Jennifer L. Grace , Gina M. Sweeney , Michele D. Levine

The Pregnancy Eating Attitudes-Questionnaire (PEA-Q) assesses pregnancy-specific eating/weight attitudes that impact birthing individuals. This novel self-report measure, comprising Permissive Eating/Weight Attitudes, Intentional Eating Changes, and Lack of Worry about Eating/Weight factors, demonstrated promising psychometric properties when administered late in pregnancy. To evaluate the PEA-Q's ability to adequately capture pregnancy-specific eating/weight attitudes across pregnancy, we employed longitudinal measurement invariance (MI) testing among a community sample of pregnant individuals with pre-pregnancy body mass index≥25. Participants (N = 312) enrolled in a randomized perinatal health behavior trial completed the PEA-Q at M(SD) = 13.6(2.7) and 36.5(1.3) weeks' gestation. We performed longitudinal MI testing in steps to establish equivalence of the PEA-Q at early and late pregnancy and to compare PEA-Q scores between these timepoints. Models covaried for randomization status. Partial strong invariance was ultimately achieved by freeing the intercepts of one item. Results from latent mean difference testing documented significantly lower scores on Permissive Eating/Weight Attitudes and Lack of Worry about Eating/Weight (p ≤ .01), but not Intentional Eating Changes (p = .08), in early versus late pregnancy. Findings indicate that the PEA-Q adequately captures pregnancy-specific eating/weight attitudes in both early and late pregnancy and, thus, can be used to assess change over this period. In the present sample, changes in PEA-Q scores from early to late pregnancy suggest that pregnant individuals may experience increasingly permissive eating/weight attitudes and less worry about eating/weight as pregnancy progresses. Future research examining the health implications of PEA-Q changes across pregnancy is warranted.

孕期饮食态度问卷（PEA-Q）评估影响生育个体的孕期特定饮食/体重态度。这种新颖的自我报告测量，包括宽容的饮食/体重态度，有意识的饮食改变，以及对饮食/体重因素的担忧，在怀孕后期进行时显示出有希望的心理测量特性。为了评估PEA-Q在妊娠期间充分捕捉妊娠特异性饮食/体重态度的能力，我们在孕前体重指数≥25的社区孕妇样本中采用了纵向测量不变性（MI）检验。参加随机围产期健康行为试验的参与者（N = 312）在妊娠M(SD) = 13.6（2.7）和36.5（1.3）周时完成PEA-Q。我们进行了纵向MI测试，以建立妊娠早期和晚期PEA-Q的等效性，并比较这些时间点之间的PEA-Q评分。随机化状态下模型共变。部分强不变性最终是通过释放一个项目的拦截来实现的。潜在平均差异测试的结果显示，怀孕早期和晚期在宽容饮食/体重态度和对饮食/体重缺乏担忧方面的得分明显较低（p≤0.01），但在有意饮食改变方面没有得分（p = 0.08）。研究结果表明，PEA-Q充分捕捉怀孕早期和晚期的怀孕特定饮食/体重态度，因此，可用于评估这一时期的变化。在目前的样本中，PEA-Q评分从怀孕早期到怀孕晚期的变化表明，随着怀孕的进展，怀孕个体可能会经历越来越宽松的饮食/体重态度，对饮食/体重的担忧也越来越少。未来有必要研究PEA-Q在怀孕期间变化对健康的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Worry wart: A preregistered, experimental investigation of worry-induced emotional eating and associated psychological characteristics 忧虑疣：一项预先登记的关于忧虑引起的情绪化进食和相关心理特征的实验研究。

IF 3.8 2区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Appetite

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2025.108419

Urvashi Dixit , Wesley R. Barnhart , Rachel R. Henderson , Jorin D. Larsen , Emma G. Folk , Erica M. Ahlich

Perseverative cognition (e.g., worry, rumination) is cross-sectionally associated with disordered eating behaviors and negative affect; yet little research has examined its causal role in emotional eating (EE). The current preregistered experimental study tested the influence of one type of perseverative cognition—worry—on objectively measured food consumption in the laboratory. A total of 129 undergraduate students (67.4 % cisgender women, Age_M = 19.87) were screened via a semi-structured diagnostic interview and randomly assigned to either a worry induction or control condition. Following the manipulation, participants completed a bogus taste test with chocolate, potato chips, and crackers. They also completed self-report measures of emotion regulation, intolerance of uncertainty, disinhibition, and EE. Manipulation checks confirmed that participants in the worry condition experienced significantly higher post-induction worry relative to controls. Primary analyses revealed that participants in the worry condition consumed significantly more potato chips (p = .039, d = .32) and total food (p = .032, d = .33) compared to the control condition. No moderating effects of intolerance of uncertainty (IU), emotion dysregulation (ER), or disinhibition were observed. Moreover, neither a broad-based self-report measure of EE (p = .555) nor a specific measure of worry-related EE (p = .855) predicted the amount of food consumed or moderated the effect of condition. Findings provide novel experimental evidence that worry, as a specific form of perseverative cognition, can contribute to EE behavior. Targeting worry as a transdiagnostic mechanism may enhance the effectiveness of interventions for EE.

持续性认知（如担忧、沉思）与饮食紊乱行为和负面情绪横断面相关；然而，很少有研究调查它在情绪性进食（EE）中的因果作用。目前的预注册实验研究在实验室测试了一种持续性认知担忧对客观测量食物消耗的影响。通过半结构化诊断访谈筛选129名本科生（67.4%为顺性别女性，年龄em = 19.87），随机分为焦虑诱导组和对照组。在操作之后，参与者用巧克力、薯片和饼干完成了一个虚假的味觉测试。他们还完成了情绪调节、不确定性耐受性、去抑制和情感表达的自我报告测量。操作检查证实，焦虑状态的参与者在诱导后的焦虑程度明显高于对照组。初步分析显示，与对照组相比，焦虑状态下的参与者消耗的薯片（p = 0.039, d = 0.32）和总食物（p = 0.032, d = 0.33）明显更多。未观察到不确定性不耐受（IU）、情绪失调（ER）或去抑制的调节作用。此外，基础广泛的情感表达自我报告测量（p = .555）和特定的焦虑相关情感表达测量（p = .855）都不能预测食物消耗量或调节状态的影响。研究结果提供了新的实验证据，表明担忧作为一种特定形式的持续性认知，可以促进情感表达行为。将焦虑作为一种跨诊断机制可以提高情感表达干预的有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Examining associations between food insecurity and disordered eating in U.S. veterans 研究美国退伍军人食物不安全与饮食失调之间的关系。

IF 3.8 2区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Appetite

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2025.108422

Patrycja Klimek-Johnson , Robin M. Masheb , Beth E. Cohen , Joy Huggins , Sarah E. Siegel , Jennifer Snow , Shira Maguen

Food insecurity is a well-established risk factor for disordered eating behaviors in non-veterans. Because United States (U.S.) veterans are vulnerable to both food insecurity and disordered eating, the present study aims to evaluate associations between food insecurity and binge eating, purging, dietary restraint/restriction, and night eating behaviors—commonly occurring disordered eating behaviors in U.S. veterans. A national sample of U.S. veterans completed an online survey (n = 405). General and generalized linear models evaluated associations between food insecurity (predictor variable) and disordered eating (outcome variables), adjusted for race, ethnicity, gender, age, education, and employment status. Compared with veterans with food security, food insecure veterans reported twice the number of binge eating episodes, almost four times the number of purging episodes, nearly a third more dietary restraint/restriction, and mildly-to-moderately worse night eating symptoms. Exploratory gender-stratified models suggested that the relationship between food insecurity and disordered eating behaviors, such as purging and night eating, may be stronger in veteran men than women. U.S. veterans with food insecurity demonstrate greater disordered eating, particularly night eating and purging behaviors, than those with food security. Gender differences suggest that disordered eating may function differently in men and women with food insecurity. The present study can inform screening and treatment of U.S. veterans with food insecurity and disordered eating, including the need to concurrently assess both issues. Given the cross-sectional design, future research is needed to clarify the temporal relationship between food insecurity and disordered eating in U.S. veterans and to elucidate similarities and differences by gender.

食品不安全是非退伍军人饮食失调行为的一个公认的风险因素。由于美国退伍军人容易受到食物不安全和饮食失调的影响，本研究旨在评估食物不安全与暴饮暴食、排便、饮食限制和夜间进食行为之间的关系，这些行为在美国退伍军人中普遍存在。美国退伍军人的全国样本完成了一项在线调查（n=405）。一般和广义线性模型评估了粮食不安全（预测变量）和饮食失调（结果变量）之间的关联，并根据种族、民族、性别、年龄、教育程度和就业状况进行了调整。与有食物保障的退伍军人相比，食物不安全的退伍军人报告的暴食次数是有食物保障的退伍军人的两倍，排便次数几乎是有食物保障的退伍军人的四倍，饮食限制近三分之一，夜间进食症状轻度至中度加重。探索性的性别分层模型表明，在退伍军人中，食物不安全和进食紊乱行为（如排便和夜间进食）之间的关系可能比女性更强。与食物安全的美国退伍军人相比，食物不安全的退伍军人表现出更大的饮食失调，尤其是夜间进食和排便行为。性别差异表明，在粮食不安全的男性和女性中，饮食失调的作用可能不同。目前的研究可以为患有食物不安全和饮食失调的美国退伍军人的筛查和治疗提供信息，包括同时评估这两个问题的必要性。考虑到横断面设计，未来的研究需要澄清美国退伍军人食物不安全和饮食失调之间的时间关系，并阐明性别之间的异同。

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引用次数: 0

Functional bitter taste signaling and stimulus intensity influence diet-induced salivary protein upregulation 功能性苦味信号和刺激强度影响饮食诱导的唾液蛋白上调

IF 3.8 2区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Appetite

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2025.108418

Verenice Ascencio Gutierrez , Kimberly F. Beede-James , Laura E. Martin , Kyle T. Zumpano , Kristen E. Kay , Kathryn F. Medler , Ann-Marie Torregrossa

Exposure to tannic acid- and quinine-containing diets upregulates subsets of salivary proteins (SPs), which in turn, results in increased acceptance of the “bitter” diet. However, it is unclear what aspects of the diet consumption influence SP upregulation. It has been thought that taste receptor activation is necessary for upregulation of SPs since sensory stimulation precedes changes in SPs, but no studies have confirmed the contribution of taste to SP upregulation.

To test this hypothesis, we used TRPM5 KO and TRPM4/5 DKO mice that have impaired bitter taste signaling. These mice are able to upregulate SPs in response to isoproterenol injections but not when fed a tannic acid diet, which is both bitter and astringent. WT mice upregulate SPs after a tannic acid diet exposure while KO models do not. These data suggest that the mice are able to alter their SP expression but taste signaling is needed to upregulate SPs to diet treatments. The astringency alone from the tannic acid was not able to upregulate SPs. We then asked whether SP upregulation varies with stimulus intensity. Rats were fed quinine or sucrose octaacetate (SOA) at three different concentrations. All rats decrease intake on first day of bitter diet exposure at all three concentrations but increase acceptance of the diet by the fifth day of the quinine. In response to quinine diet, animals show concentration-dependent SP upregulation at the 14 kDa band, other bands were upregulated by diet but were not concentration-dependent. SOA did not alter protein expression at any concentration.

暴露在含有单宁酸和奎宁的饮食中会上调唾液蛋白（SPs）的亚群，这反过来又导致对“苦味”饮食的接受度增加。然而，目前尚不清楚饮食消费的哪些方面影响SP上调。人们一直认为味觉受体的激活是SPs上调的必要条件，因为感觉刺激先于SPs的变化，但没有研究证实味觉对SP上调的贡献。为了验证这一假设，我们使用了苦味信号受损的TRPM5 KO和TRPM4/5 DKO小鼠。这些小鼠在接受异丙肾上腺素注射后能够上调SPs，但在喂食既苦又涩的单宁酸食物时却不能。WT小鼠在单宁酸饮食暴露后上调SPs，而KO模型则没有。这些数据表明，小鼠能够改变它们的SP表达，但需要味觉信号来上调SP对饮食治疗的影响。单宁酸的涩味不能上调sp。然后我们询问SP上调是否随刺激强度而变化。给大鼠喂食三种不同浓度的奎宁或八乙酸蔗糖（SOA）。所有大鼠在三种浓度的苦味饮食暴露的第一天都减少了摄入量，但在奎宁的第五天增加了对饮食的接受度。在奎宁日粮的作用下，动物在14 kDa波段表现出浓度依赖性的SP上调，其他波段受日粮的影响而上调，但不具有浓度依赖性。SOA在任何浓度下都没有改变蛋白的表达。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of food-related emotional changes on cerebral hemodynamic response 食物相关情绪变化对脑血流动力学反应的影响。

IF 3.8 2区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Appetite

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2025.108415

Yoko Hasegawa , Tatsuya Suzuki , Syogo Yoshimura , Masako Shiramizu , Ma Therese Sta Maria , Masaki Sakata , Kensuke Yamamura , Takahiro Ono , Yumie Ono

This study aimed to examine how the emotional valence of food differentially modulates cortical hemodynamic responses. We investigated the neural basis of food preference by comparing brain activity during the intake of individually selected palatable and unpalatable foods.

Twenty-one healthy right-handed participants (10 males, 11 females; mean age: 28.1 ± 3.7 years) were included in the study. Palatable and unpalatable foods were selected based on pre-experimental questionnaires, and all participants fasted for 3 h before testing. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to assess hemodynamic changes in the bilateral frontoparietal regions during food ingestion. To reduce motion artifacts, only soft-textured foods were used. Emotional valence was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS), and raw fNIRS data were processed using spatial filtering to eliminate systemic effects. A general linear model was applied to extract activation related specifically to emotional responses, and cortical activity maps were generated from the oxygenated hemoglobin signals. One-sample t-tests were performed to identify common activation patterns in both palatable and unpalatable conditions.

The left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) showed significant activation correlating with emotional valence intensity for both food types. Importantly, palatable and unpalatable foods engaged distinct subregions of the prefrontal cortex, suggesting that the qualitative direction of emotional valence, positive or negative, is encoded by distinct neural substrates rather than merely reflecting response intensity.

These findings imply that the DLPFC plays a significant role in the expression of food preferences, enhancing our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying food-related emotions and potentially informing strategies to address maladaptive eating behaviors.

本研究旨在探讨食物的情绪效价如何调节皮层血流动力学反应的差异。我们研究了食物偏好的神经基础，通过比较大脑活动在单独选择的美味和不美味的食物摄入。21名健康右撇子参与者（男性10人，女性11人，平均年龄28.1±3.7岁）纳入研究。根据实验前的问卷选择美味和不美味的食物，所有参与者在测试前禁食三小时。使用功能性近红外光谱（fNIRS）评估进食过程中双侧额顶叶区域的血流动力学变化。为了减少运动伪影，只使用质地柔软的食物。情绪效价采用视觉模拟量表（VAS）评估，原始fNIRS数据采用空间滤波处理以消除系统影响。应用一般线性模型提取与情绪反应相关的活动，并从氧合血红蛋白信号生成皮层活动图。进行单样本t检验，以确定在美味和不美味的条件下共同的激活模式。对于两种食物，左背外侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC）均表现出与情绪效价强度相关的显著激活。重要的是，美味和不美味的食物涉及前额叶皮层不同的亚区，这表明情绪效价（积极或消极）的定性方向是由不同的神经基质编码的，而不仅仅是反应强度的反映。这些发现表明，DLPFC在食物偏好的表达中起着重要作用，增强了我们对食物相关情绪的神经机制的理解，并可能为解决饮食不良行为提供策略。

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引用次数: 0