Appetite最新文献

英文中文

Testing a family system-based intervention (ENTREN-F Programme) for a paediatric obesity sample by a randomized controlled trial 通过随机对照试验测试针对儿科肥胖症样本的家庭系统干预（ENTREN-F 计划）。

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Appetite

Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107696

This study evaluated the effectiveness of ‘ENTREN-F’ –a multi-component, family system-based intervention-for managing paediatric obesity at National Health Primary Care. A 3-arm, parallel-design, single-blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT), 165 families were randomized: Arm 1) ENTREN-F(n = 62) is a 12-week cognitive-behavioural intervention (CBT) family system-based programme, addressing lifestyle changes, children's emotional and social development and the family system, Arm 2) ‘ENTREN’ (n = 52) is a CBT family-based programme for children and parents, not addressing the family system, and Arm 3) Control group (CG) (n = 51) covers individual behavioural monitoring. All children were clinical interviewed to assess a diagnosis. Their effectiveness was assessed against six-month changes in children's body mass index (BMI) z-score, children's psychological well-being, levels of expressed maternal emotion, depression symptoms, parental feeding practices, levels of physical activity and sedentary lifestyles. The maintenance of the changes was evaluated for two years. High-attendance rates for ENTREN-F (72.6% vs. 66% vs. 33%, respectively) indicated its greater acceptance. After programme completion, the BMI z-score reduced by .5 points in almost 50% ENTREN-F (n = 22/45), 21.9% ENTREN (n = 7/32) and 11.8% (n = 2/17) CG participants. There were no significant differences between the three trial arms for anthropometric, psychological, or family-related measures. At the two-year follow-up, both ENTREN-F and ENTREN showed similar long-term effectiveness without between-group differences, and weight trajectories were favourable. ENTREN-F appears effective for childhood obesity management; however, the COVID-19 pandemic limited the sample size. Also, the tendency towards multiple differences in child and family outcomes could not be statistically shown. It also provides further evidence of the role of psychological and family-related factors that may underlie the origin and maintenance of weight gain.

这项研究评估了 "ENTREN-F"--一种多成分、以家庭系统为基础的干预措施--在国民健康基层医疗机构管理儿科肥胖症的效果。这是一项三臂、平行设计、单盲随机对照试验（RCT），165 个家庭被随机选中：试验组 1）ENTREN-F（n = 62）是一项为期 12 周的认知行为干预（CBT）家庭系统计划，旨在改变生活方式、促进儿童的情感和社交发展以及家庭系统；试验组 2）"ENTREN"（n = 52）是一项针对儿童和家长的 CBT 家庭系统计划，不涉及家庭系统；试验组 3）对照组（CG）（n = 51）包括个人行为监测。所有儿童都接受了临床访谈，以评估诊断结果。根据儿童体重指数（BMI）Z 值、儿童心理健康状况、母亲情绪表达水平、抑郁症状、父母喂养方式、体育锻炼水平和久坐不动的生活方式等方面六个月的变化来评估其有效性。对这些变化的维持情况进行了为期两年的评估。ENTREN-F 的参与率较高（分别为 72.6% 对 66% 对 33%），表明其接受度较高。计划完成后，将近50%的ENTREN-F参与者（22/45人）、21.9%的ENTREN参与者（7/32人）和11.8%的CG参与者（2/17人）的体重指数z-score降低了0.5分。三个试验组在人体测量、心理或家庭相关测量方面没有明显差异。在为期两年的随访中，ENTREN-F和ENTREN均显示出相似的长期疗效，无组间差异，且体重轨迹良好。ENTREN-F似乎能有效控制儿童肥胖症；然而，COVID-19大流行限制了样本量。此外，儿童和家庭结果的多重差异趋势也无法在统计学上显示出来。该研究还进一步证明了心理和家庭相关因素的作用，这些因素可能是体重增加的起源和维持的基础。

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引用次数: 0

Disruption of network hierarchy pattern in bulimia nervosa reveals brain information integration disorder 神经性贪食症网络层次结构模式的破坏揭示了大脑信息整合障碍

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Appetite

Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107694

The human brain works as a hierarchical organization that is a continuous axis spanning sensorimotor cortex to transmodal cortex (referring to cortex that integrates multimodal sensory information and participates in complex cognitive functions). Previous studies have demonstrated abnormalities in several specific networks that may account for their multiple behavioral deficits in patients with bulimia nervosa (BN), but whether and how the network hierarchical organization changes in BN remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate alterations of the hierarchy organization in BN network and their clinical relevance. Connectome gradient analyses were applied to depict the network hierarchy patterns of fifty-nine patients with BN and thirty-nine healthy controls (HCs). Then, we evaluated the network- and voxel-level gradient alterations of BN by comparing gradient values in each network and each voxel between patients with BN and HCs. Finally, the association between altered gradient values and clinical variables was explored. In the principal gradient, patients with BN exhibited reduced gradient values in dorsal attention network and increased gradient values in subcortical regions compared to HCs. In the secondary gradient, patients with BN showed decreased gradient values in ventral attention network and increased gradient values in limbic network. Regionally, the areas with altered principal or secondary gradient values in BN group were mainly located in transmodal networks, i.e., the default-mode and frontoparietal network. In BN group, the principal gradient values of right inferior frontal gyrus were negatively associated with external eating behavior. This study revealed the disordered network hierarchy patterns in patients with BN, which suggested a disturbance of brain information integration from attention network and subcortical regions to transmodal networks in these patients. These findings may provide insight into the neurobiological underpinnings of BN.

人脑的分层组织是一条横跨感觉运动皮层和跨模态皮层（指整合多模态感觉信息并参与复杂认知功能的皮层）的连续轴线。以往的研究表明，神经性贪食症（BN）患者的几个特定网络出现异常，这可能是其多种行为缺陷的原因，但神经性贪食症患者的网络层次结构是否发生变化以及如何发生变化仍是未知数。本研究旨在探讨神经性贪食症网络层次结构的改变及其临床意义。我们应用连接组梯度分析法描绘了 59 名 BN 患者和 39 名健康对照者（HCs）的网络层次结构模式。然后，我们通过比较 BN 患者和 HC 患者每个网络和每个体素的梯度值，评估了 BN 在网络和体素层面的梯度改变。最后，我们探讨了梯度值改变与临床变量之间的关联。与普通人相比，在主梯度中，BN 患者背侧注意网络的梯度值降低，皮层下区域的梯度值升高。在次梯度中，BN 患者腹侧注意网络的梯度值降低，边缘网络的梯度值升高。从区域上看，BN 组主要梯度值或次要梯度值发生改变的区域主要位于跨模式网络，即默认模式网络和额顶叶网络。在 BN 组中，右额叶下回的主梯度值与外食行为呈负相关。这项研究揭示了BN患者紊乱的网络层次结构模式，这表明这些患者从注意力网络和皮层下区域到跨模式网络的大脑信息整合出现了紊乱。这些发现可能有助于深入了解 BN 的神经生物学基础。

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引用次数: 0

Beyond table manners: Children's gratitude for food and the role of parental socialization. 超越餐桌礼仪：儿童对食物的感激之情和父母社会化的作用。

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Appetite

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107695

Simone P Nguyen, Isabella Seip, Alexis Longinetti

This investigation explores children's food gratitude and parents' socialization of this gratitude within the United States. Study 1 examined children's spontaneous expressions of gratitude (N = 1,441), focusing on the concepts of food environmental sustainability, properties, origins, scripts, and well-being. Study 2 surveyed parents (N = 110) regarding their engagement in socialization practices that promote children's food gratitude: conversations; modeling; niche selection; and, scaffolding. The results unveil nuances in younger and older children's gratitude for food concepts as well as parents' differential use of food gratitude socialization practices and emphasis on specific concepts. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that parents' food gratitude socialization practices predict parents' reports of their children's food gratitude. These studies elucidate variability in children's gratitude for food and parents' contribution to its development within this domain. These findings have implications for food gratitude socialization. (137 words).

这项调查探讨了美国儿童对食物的感激之情以及父母将这种感激之情社会化的情况。研究 1 调查了儿童自发表达的感激之情（1,441 人），重点关注食物环境的可持续性、属性、起源、脚本和福祉等概念。研究 2 调查了父母（N = 110）参与促进儿童食物感恩的社会化实践的情况：对话、示范、选择有利位置和支架。研究结果揭示了年幼儿童和年长儿童对食物概念的感激之情的细微差别，以及父母对食物感激社会化实践的不同使用和对特定概念的强调。此外，研究结果表明，父母的食物感恩社会化实践可以预测父母对子女食物感恩的报告。这些研究阐明了儿童对食物的感激之情的可变性以及父母在这一领域对其发展的贡献。这些发现对食物感恩社会化具有重要意义。(137个字）。

引用次数: 0

Untangling the dairy paradox: How vegetarians experience and navigate the cognitive dissonance aroused by their dairy consumption 解开乳制品悖论：素食者如何体验和驾驭乳制品消费引起的认知偏差》（Untangling the Dairy Paradox: How Vegetarian Experience and Navigate the Cognitive Dissonance Aroused by Their Dairy Consumption）。

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Appetite

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107692

Most people eat meat, yet report valuing the environment, animal life, and their health, which contradicts this dietary behaviour. The psychological discomfort aroused by this value-behaviour inconsistency, and the strategies meat eaters use to resolve this unpleasant state, is termed the ‘meat paradox’. Vegetarians eschew meat consumption, but the negative implications of dairy are comparable to meat. We investigated the ‘dairy paradox’ in a sample of vegetarians (N = 378) using an experimental design. Specifically, we tested whether vegetarians experienced cognitive dissonance after reading about the environmental, animal welfare, and health impacts of dairy consumption when compared to a control group not exposed to this information. Then, we examined to what extent perceiving dairy consumption as Natural, Necessary, Normal, Nice, or Neglectable, and denial of cows' mental states (Experience or Agency) predicted reduced cognitive dissonance. Vegetarians in the dissonance-induction condition reported experiencing significantly greater dissonance, though they more strongly rejected the justification strategies. Instead, they reported greater intentions to reduce their dairy consumption than vegetarians in the control condition. Rather than replicating findings from the meat paradox literature, these results suggest that vegetarians respond to uncomfortable feelings about their value-behaviour conflict with a greater intention to abandon the incongruent behaviour, rather than endorsing the cognitions that justify it. This research provides evidence that vegetarians experience a dairy paradox. Given the success of our study in shifting participants away from behavioural justification and toward behavioural change intentions, our findings can help guide the design of interventions seeking to reduce dairy consumption.

大多数人都吃肉，但他们对环境、动物生命和自身健康的重视却与这种饮食行为相矛盾。这种价值与行为的不一致所引起的心理不适，以及肉食者用来解决这种不愉快状态的策略，被称为 "肉食悖论"。素食者摒弃肉类消费，但乳制品的负面影响却与肉类不相上下。我们采用实验设计对素食者样本（378 人）中的 "乳制品悖论 "进行了调查。具体来说，我们测试了素食者在阅读了有关乳制品消费对环境、动物福利和健康影响的信息后，与没有接触过这些信息的对照组相比，是否会产生认知失调。然后，我们研究了认为乳制品消费是自然的、必要的、正常的、好的或可忽略的，以及否认奶牛的精神状态（经验或代理）在多大程度上能预测认知失调的减少。在不和谐诱导条件下，素食者虽然更强烈地拒绝接受辩解策略，但却报告说他们经历了明显更多的不和谐。相反，与对照组相比，他们更愿意减少乳制品的消费。这些结果并没有重复肉类悖论文献中的研究结果，而是表明素食者在对其价值-行为冲突的不舒适感做出反应时，会更有意识地放弃不协调的行为，而不是赞同为其辩护的认知。这项研究提供了证据，证明素食者经历了奶制品悖论。鉴于我们的研究成功地使参与者从行为辩解转向行为改变意向，我们的发现有助于指导旨在减少乳制品消费的干预措施的设计。

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引用次数: 0

Streamlining COM-B model: Insights from the Healthy Eating Context 简化 COM-B 模型：健康饮食背景的启示。

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Appetite

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107693

The global rise in diet-related diseases highlights the urgent need for effective behavioural interventions. While theoretical frameworks like the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) model are valuable for understanding and influencing healthy eating behaviours, their practical application is often hindered by complexity and extensive measurement demands. This study addresses these challenges by testing a simplified version of the COM-B model, focusing on a select set of items representing seven core constructs. We conducted a cross-sectional survey with 347 Australian young adults to validate this streamlined model, making it more accessible for researchers and practitioners. Our findings underscore the importance of automatic motivation, the physical environment, and physical capability as critical factors in promoting healthy eating behaviours. By simplifying the COM-B model, this research contributes to developing more practical and effective strategies for healthier eating, addressing a critical public health issue.

全球与饮食相关疾病的增加凸显了对有效行为干预的迫切需求。虽然能力、机会、动机-行为（COM-B）模型等理论框架对于理解和影响健康饮食行为很有价值，但其实际应用往往因复杂性和广泛的测量要求而受到阻碍。为了应对这些挑战，本研究测试了 COM-B 模型的简化版本，重点放在代表七个核心构念的一组精选项目上。我们对 347 名澳大利亚年轻人进行了横断面调查，以验证这一简化模型，从而使研究人员和从业人员更容易使用该模型。我们的研究结果强调了自动动机、物理环境和身体能力作为促进健康饮食行为关键因素的重要性。通过简化 COM-B 模型，这项研究有助于制定更实用、更有效的健康饮食策略，从而解决关键的公共卫生问题。

引用次数: 0

Impact of front-of-package nutrition labels on acceptability and objective understanding: A randomized experiment in Latin American adults 包装正面营养标签对可接受性和客观理解的影响：针对拉丁美洲成年人的随机实验。

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Appetite

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107691

引用次数: 0

Regretful bites: Exploring the influence of anthropomorphized food on children's food choices and consumption 遗憾的一口：探索拟人化食物对儿童食物选择和消费的影响。

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Appetite

Pub Date : 2024-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107690

Anthropomorphizing food is a prevalent marketing technique, particularly for children; however, its impact on their choices and consumption remains largely unexplored. We conducted two experiments to investigate how anthropomorphism affects food choices and consumption in four- and five-year-old children. In Study 1 (within-subjects design, N = 72), children were shown both anthropomorphized and non-anthropomorphized cookies and given a plastic coin. They were asked to choose the cookie they would like to exchange the coin for. The results indicated that a greater proportion of children selected the anthropomorphized cookie. In Study 2 (between-subjects design, N = 144), children were given either an anthropomorphized or a non-anthropomorphized cookie and allowed to eat as much as they wished. Those who received the anthropomorphized cookie consumed less and reported more feelings of regret compared to those who were given a non-anthropomorphized cookie. Together, these findings suggest that while anthropomorphic features might increase food choice, they paradoxically decrease actual consumption while increasing feelings of regret.

食物拟人化是一种普遍的营销手段，尤其是对儿童而言；然而，拟人化对儿童选择和消费的影响在很大程度上仍未得到探讨。我们进行了两项实验，研究拟人化如何影响四五岁儿童的食物选择和消费。在研究 1（被试内设计，N = 72）中，我们向儿童展示了拟人化和非拟人化饼干，并给他们一枚塑料硬币。他们被要求选择他们想用硬币交换的饼干。结果显示，选择拟人化饼干的儿童比例较高。在研究 2（主体间设计，N = 144）中，给儿童提供了拟人化或非拟人化饼干，并允许他们想吃多少就吃多少。与那些得到非拟人化饼干的儿童相比，那些得到拟人化饼干的儿童吃得更少，并报告了更多的后悔情绪。这些研究结果表明，虽然拟人化特征可能会增加人们对食物的选择，但矛盾的是，它们会减少实际消费，同时增加后悔的感觉。

引用次数: 0

Awareness, experiences, and beliefs related to ultra-processed foods among young people in Cebu, Philippines 菲律宾宿务年轻人对超标加工食品的认识、经历和信念。

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Appetite

Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107688

Ultra-processed food (UPF) intake is rising in low- and middle-income countries, where non-communicable diseases are now the leading contributor to disease burden. The purpose of this study was to assess awareness and knowledge of UPFs, factors that influence consumption of UPFs, and beliefs about the relationship between UPF intake and health among young people (18–20 years old) in a metropolitan area of the Philippines, a lower middle-income country. We conducted eight focus group discussions across four strata defined by gender and urban-rural neighborhood designation. We applied deductive and inductive codes to transcripts and organized codes into themes. Sixty participants were included in the study. Although most were unfamiliar with the concept of UPFs, participants demonstrated an intuitive understanding of the meaning of the term. Vendors in or around schools were commonly reported as a source of UPFs, though most participants reported consuming UPFs at home as well. Factors that were reported as having influence over participants’ UPF intake included taste, convenience, cost, influence from parents, peers, and others, and health knowledge and status. Participants expressed various beliefs about the link between overconsumption of UPFs and risk of multiple health outcomes, including diabetes, hypertension, and kidney disease. Some males, but not females, believed that some UPFs were neutral or beneficial with respect to health. Commonly cited sources of information about UPFs and their link to health included parents, schools, and social media. This study provides important insights into the factors that drive UPF consumption among young people in a lower middle-income country and should inform efforts to reduce UPF intake among young people in this and similar settings.

在低收入和中等收入国家，超加工食品（UPF）的摄入量正在上升，而这些国家的非传染性疾病现已成为造成疾病负担的主要因素。本研究的目的是评估菲律宾（一个中低收入国家）大都会地区的年轻人（18-20 岁）对 UPF 的认识和知识、影响 UPF 消费的因素以及对 UPF 摄入量与健康之间关系的看法。我们在按性别和城乡社区划分的四个阶层中进行了八次焦点小组讨论。我们对讨论记录进行了演绎和归纳编码，并将编码整理成主题。共有 60 名参与者参与了研究。尽管大多数人对 UPFs 的概念并不熟悉，但参与者对该术语的含义表现出了直观的理解。据报告，学校内或学校周边的小贩通常是 UPFs 的来源，不过大多数参与者表示也在家中食用 UPFs。影响参与者摄入 UPF 的因素包括口味、便利性、成本、父母、同伴和其他人的影响以及健康知识和状况。对于过度摄入 UPFs 与多种健康风险（包括糖尿病、高血压和肾病）之间的联系，参与者表达了不同的看法。一些男性（而非女性）认为，某些 UPFs 对健康是中性或有益的。关于 UPFs 及其与健康的关系，常见的信息来源包括父母、学校和社交媒体。这项研究为了解中低收入国家年轻人摄入UPF的驱动因素提供了重要启示，并为减少该国家及类似国家年轻人的UPF摄入量提供了参考。

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引用次数: 0

Athletes preferences and willingness to pay for innovative high-protein functional foods 运动员对创新型高蛋白功能食品的偏好和支付意愿。

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Appetite

Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107687

The growing number of athletes in the population leads to an increasing demand for high-protein functional foods to which food industries are trying to respond with new products and strategies that can meet the needs of athletes. An experimental auction was performed to elicit athletes’ willingness to pay for an innovative high-protein bread, correlating it to specific food values. For a deeper understanding of the determinants of respondents' choices for high-protein bread and preferences regarding food values, the combination of Best-Worst Scaling and Cluster Analysis was used. The Cluster Analysis identified five different groups of athletes, each characterised by specific preferences and willingness to pay. Participants with high attention for the nutritional aspect and needs related to sports activity, are willing to pay more than the other ones. The investigated issue is crucial for customizing marketing strategies and meeting the needs of different athlete segments.

随着运动员人数的不断增加，人们对高蛋白功能食品的需求也越来越大，食品行业正试图通过新产品和新策略来满足运动员的需求。为了了解运动员是否愿意为创新型高蛋白面包买单，并将其与特定的食品价值联系起来，我们进行了一次实验性拍卖。为了更深入地了解受访者选择高蛋白面包的决定因素以及对食品价值的偏好，研究人员结合使用了最佳-最差标度法和聚类分析法。聚类分析确定了五个不同的运动员群体，每个群体都有特定的偏好和支付意愿。对与体育活动相关的营养方面和需求高度关注的参与者比其他参与者愿意支付更多的费用。所调查的问题对于定制营销战略和满足不同运动员群体的需求至关重要。

引用次数: 0

Eating disorder risk among Australian youth starting a diet in the community 澳大利亚青少年在社区开始节食的饮食紊乱风险。

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Appetite

Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107685

Dieting is a potent risk factor for eating disorder (ED) symptoms and development, which typically occur in late adolescence. However, as diets are often motivated by body image concerns (another core ED risk factor), dieters may already carry heightened ED risk. Thus, the current study aimed to document ED risk among young people starting a diet in the community. Young people (16–25 years) starting or intending to start a self-initiated diet (N = 727) provided data via a screener questionnaire, assessing containing sociodemographic factors, past and current ED symptoms and behaviours. Over a third (36.9%) screened using a validated instrument were found to be at-risk of a current ED, with 10% above the clinical cut-off. Consistent with this finding, over 10% of the sample self-reported experiencing a lifetime ED, while nearly a quarter reported symptoms consistent with an ED diagnosis with no reported formal diagnosis. Findings suggest a high level of ED risk among young people starting a diet in the community and point to the need for more proactive measures targeted at this cohort (e.g., screening, monitoring). Further education on the risks of dieting and encouragement for help-seeking in young people is indicated.

节食是导致饮食失调（ED）症状和发展的一个潜在风险因素，通常发生在青春期后期。然而，由于节食的动机通常是对身体形象的担忧（另一个核心的进食障碍风险因素），节食者可能已经面临更高的进食障碍风险。因此，本研究旨在记录社区中开始节食的年轻人的 ED 风险。开始或打算开始自我节食的年轻人（16-25 岁）（727 人）通过筛查问卷提供数据，评估内容包括社会人口因素、过去和现在的 ED 症状和行为。超过三分之一（36.9%）的受访者在使用有效工具进行筛查后发现，他们目前面临 ED 风险，其中 10%的受访者超过了临床临界值。与这一发现相一致的是，10% 以上的样本自述一生中都有过 ED，而近四分之一的样本报告的症状与 ED 诊断一致，但没有报告过正式诊断。研究结果表明，在社区开始节食的年轻人中存在很高的 ED 风险，因此有必要针对这一群体采取更积极的措施（如筛查、监测）。应进一步开展有关节食风险的教育，并鼓励年轻人寻求帮助。

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