This study consisted of a within-subjects experiment that investigated whether the presence of the claim ‘no added sugar’ on a prototype chocolate-flavoured filled biscuit label with an attractive design for children influences its perception of healthiness, intention to purchase the children's carers, and size of the portion to be consumed. This cross-sectional study was conducted between March and July 2022 using a questionnaire. The qualitative analysis showed that, when evaluating the ‘no sugar added’ prototype, carers described these foods as ‘healthier’ and ‘good for health’, attributing greater healthiness. Further, compared with the traditional biscuit, the intention to buy and recommend to other carers, and size of the portion was higher for the prototype with the claim of ‘no sugar added’. In summary, while Brazilian legislation regulates the use of this claim, its presence on food labels can mislead consumers. This can favour the greater consumption of these industrialised foods.
{"title":"Evidence of marketing techniques using nutritional claims regarding the sugar content in foods: Perceptions of children's carers","authors":"Francine Rubim de Resende , Eduardo Bearzoti , Camila Carvalho Menezes","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.107961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.107961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study consisted of a within-subjects experiment that investigated whether the presence of the claim ‘no added sugar’ on a prototype chocolate-flavoured filled biscuit label with an attractive design for children influences its perception of healthiness, intention to purchase the children's carers, and size of the portion to be consumed. This cross-sectional study was conducted between March and July 2022 using a questionnaire. The qualitative analysis showed that, when evaluating the ‘no sugar added’ prototype, carers described these foods as ‘healthier’ and ‘good for health’, attributing greater healthiness. Further, compared with the traditional biscuit, the intention to buy and recommend to other carers, and size of the portion was higher for the prototype with the claim of ‘no sugar added’. In summary, while Brazilian legislation regulates the use of this claim, its presence on food labels can mislead consumers. This can favour the greater consumption of these industrialised foods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 107961"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-07DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2025.107952
Nicole M Skinner, Amy M Moore, Kathleen L Keller, Stephanie Anzman-Frasca, Sally G Eagleton, Jennifer S Savage
Lower executive functioning is associated with more reactive, coercive general parenting practices. Parents who experience poverty, a chronic stressor, may have compromised executive functioning that impacts parenting practices, but less is known about the impact on parent feeding practices. This study examined associations between maternal executive functioning and feeding practices among families living in low-income contexts. Participants included 137 mothers of children enrolled in Head Start who completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult version, Child Feeding Questionnaire, Feeding to Manage Child Behavior Questionnaire, and the USDA Food Security Module. Hierarchical linear regression examined the effect of maternal executive function on maternal feeding practices (monitoring of child food intake, food to soothe, and food as a reward) after adjusting for covariates. The moderating effect of food security on this association was also explored. Mothers were white (91%), non-Hispanic (96%), about half had a high school diploma or less (55%), and a third of households experienced food insecurity (35%). Maternal executive functioning explained 9% of the variance for monitoring of child food intake (β = 0.03, p = 0.0006) and 17% of the variance for food to soothe (β = -0.03, p < 0.0001), over and above the variance explained by food security status, employment status, and child BMI z-score. Lower maternal executive functioning was associated with lower odds of household food security (OR: 0.95, CI: 0.92, 0.99). Targeting maternal executive functioning or its environmental supports may be an effective intervention strategy to promote monitoring and less food to soothe, especially among families who experience stressors related to poverty. Longitudinal research is needed to replicate these findings, and to understand the relationship between parent executive function and child weight outcomes.
{"title":"Executive functioning is linked to feeding practices and food insecurity in Head Start mothers.","authors":"Nicole M Skinner, Amy M Moore, Kathleen L Keller, Stephanie Anzman-Frasca, Sally G Eagleton, Jennifer S Savage","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.107952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2025.107952","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lower executive functioning is associated with more reactive, coercive general parenting practices. Parents who experience poverty, a chronic stressor, may have compromised executive functioning that impacts parenting practices, but less is known about the impact on parent feeding practices. This study examined associations between maternal executive functioning and feeding practices among families living in low-income contexts. Participants included 137 mothers of children enrolled in Head Start who completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult version, Child Feeding Questionnaire, Feeding to Manage Child Behavior Questionnaire, and the USDA Food Security Module. Hierarchical linear regression examined the effect of maternal executive function on maternal feeding practices (monitoring of child food intake, food to soothe, and food as a reward) after adjusting for covariates. The moderating effect of food security on this association was also explored. Mothers were white (91%), non-Hispanic (96%), about half had a high school diploma or less (55%), and a third of households experienced food insecurity (35%). Maternal executive functioning explained 9% of the variance for monitoring of child food intake (β = 0.03, p = 0.0006) and 17% of the variance for food to soothe (β = -0.03, p < 0.0001), over and above the variance explained by food security status, employment status, and child BMI z-score. Lower maternal executive functioning was associated with lower odds of household food security (OR: 0.95, CI: 0.92, 0.99). Targeting maternal executive functioning or its environmental supports may be an effective intervention strategy to promote monitoring and less food to soothe, especially among families who experience stressors related to poverty. Longitudinal research is needed to replicate these findings, and to understand the relationship between parent executive function and child weight outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":" ","pages":"107952"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-07DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2025.107963
Maram Saad , Cara Bohon , Noam Weinbach
Food-related cognitive reappraisal refers to reinterpreting thoughts about eating and can be used to downregulate the desire to eat. Food reappraisal has been proposed as a method for treating obesity and overweight. However, the influence of food reappraisal on affective states has been understudied. The present study examined the role played by negative affect in the effects of food reappraisal. Two experiments were conducted, each included 40 healthy participants. In Experiment 1, participants engaged in a dual task that combined a food reappraisal task with an emotion picture rating task. The results demonstrated that reappraising the desire to eat craved foods results in increased negativity ratings of emotionally neutral pictures. Experiment 2 examined if an increase in negative affect after engaging in food reappraisal mediates the effect of food reappraisal on the desire to eat. In this experiment, after participants engaged in food reappraisal, they subjectively rated their negative affect and their desire to eat a previously depicted food. As in Experiment 1, participants rated higher levels of negative affect after engaging in food reappraisal. Importantly, the results revealed that levels of negative affect mediated the effect of food reappraisal on downregulating the desire to eat. The findings suggest that negative affect is both a consequence of food reappraisal and a potential mechanism of action. Given the role played by negative affect in food reappraisal, the findings call for further exploration of long-term costs vs. benefits of food reappraisal as an intervention for obesity and overweight.
{"title":"The role played by negative affect in food reappraisal","authors":"Maram Saad , Cara Bohon , Noam Weinbach","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.107963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.107963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food-related cognitive reappraisal refers to reinterpreting thoughts about eating and can be used to downregulate the desire to eat. Food reappraisal has been proposed as a method for treating obesity and overweight. However, the influence of food reappraisal on affective states has been understudied. The present study examined the role played by negative affect in the effects of food reappraisal. Two experiments were conducted, each included 40 healthy participants. In Experiment 1, participants engaged in a dual task that combined a food reappraisal task with an emotion picture rating task. The results demonstrated that reappraising the desire to eat craved foods results in increased negativity ratings of emotionally neutral pictures. Experiment 2 examined if an increase in negative affect after engaging in food reappraisal mediates the effect of food reappraisal on the desire to eat. In this experiment, after participants engaged in food reappraisal, they subjectively rated their negative affect and their desire to eat a previously depicted food. As in Experiment 1, participants rated higher levels of negative affect after engaging in food reappraisal. Importantly, the results revealed that levels of negative affect mediated the effect of food reappraisal on downregulating the desire to eat. The findings suggest that negative affect is both a consequence of food reappraisal and a potential mechanism of action. Given the role played by negative affect in food reappraisal, the findings call for further exploration of long-term costs vs. benefits of food reappraisal as an intervention for obesity and overweight.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 107963"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Healthy eating is often necessary to improve health outcomes, but many individuals don't consistently make healthy food choices. Previous intervention work has found that personally relevant interventions that identify actions to achieve goals are effective in changing behaviors. Counterfactual thinking (e.g. “if only … then …”) can be utilized to identify causal relationships and personally relevant behaviors to achieve health goals. Additionally, counterfactual thinking has been shown to increase goal-relevant domains such as motivation and intentions. The present study developed and evaluated an eating-based counterfactual reflection task that incorporated protective behavioral strategies (PBS) and measured capability, opportunity, and motivation to eat healthy. The results indicated that counterfactual thinking (vs. control) significantly increased self-efficacy and intentions to use specific PBS. Additionally, those in the counterfactual condition with less capability had a larger increase in their willingness to change their eating habits. Future research will refine the counterfactual task to be more relevant and effective for a wider range of individuals.
{"title":"Understanding the effects of counterfactual thinking with protective behavioral strategies on healthy eating using the COM-B framework","authors":"Percy Gresham, Sherecce Fields, Emily Beebe, Rachel Smallman","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.107953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.107953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Healthy eating is often necessary to improve health outcomes, but many individuals don't consistently make healthy food choices. Previous intervention work has found that personally relevant interventions that identify actions to achieve goals are effective in changing behaviors. Counterfactual thinking (e.g. “if only … then …”) can be utilized to identify causal relationships and personally relevant behaviors to achieve health goals. Additionally, counterfactual thinking has been shown to increase goal-relevant domains such as motivation and intentions. The present study developed and evaluated an eating-based counterfactual reflection task that incorporated protective behavioral strategies (PBS) and measured capability, opportunity, and motivation to eat healthy. The results indicated that counterfactual thinking (vs. control) significantly increased self-efficacy and intentions to use specific PBS. Additionally, those in the counterfactual condition with less capability had a larger increase in their willingness to change their eating habits. Future research will refine the counterfactual task to be more relevant and effective for a wider range of individuals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 107953"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2025.107935
Lotte Hallez , Käbi Vanwinkelen , Filip Boen , Tim Smits
The perceived sustainability of food plays a significant role in young consumers' eating behaviors. While it is highly relevant to investigate these sustainability perceptions, the available measures are limited. Previous research has mostly relied on single-item measurements that only allow a surface-level understanding of food sustainability perceptions. Therefore, this research aims to provide researchers with a scale to measure perceptions of environmental food sustainability, addressing the need for such a measurement tool. We used a mixed-methods approach to develop and validate the Perceived Environmental Sustainability (PENSUS) Scale for Food and Drinks. Items were generated and refined based on expert interviews and focus group discussions with young consumers (i.e., 12–25 years) (Phase 1). The structure of the scale was explored in two online surveys (Phase 2), and subsequently confirmed with confirmatory factor analyses in four online experiments (Phase 3). This process resulted in a 10-item version of the PENSUS scale, designed to measure perceptions of 1) production & processing, 2) packaging and 3) transport. The scale serves as a concise, reliable tool to measure young consumers' environmental sustainability perceptions.
{"title":"The perceived environmental sustainability (PENSUS) scale for food and drinks: Development and validation among young consumers in Belgium","authors":"Lotte Hallez , Käbi Vanwinkelen , Filip Boen , Tim Smits","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.107935","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.107935","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The perceived sustainability of food plays a significant role in young consumers' eating behaviors. While it is highly relevant to investigate these sustainability perceptions, the available measures are limited. Previous research has mostly relied on single-item measurements that only allow a surface-level understanding of food sustainability perceptions. Therefore, this research aims to provide researchers with a scale to measure perceptions of environmental food sustainability, addressing the need for such a measurement tool. We used a mixed-methods approach to develop and validate the Perceived Environmental Sustainability (PENSUS) Scale for Food and Drinks. Items were generated and refined based on expert interviews and focus group discussions with young consumers (i.e., 12–25 years) (Phase 1). The structure of the scale was explored in two online surveys (Phase 2), and subsequently confirmed with confirmatory factor analyses in four online experiments (Phase 3). This process resulted in a 10-item version of the PENSUS scale, designed to measure perceptions of 1) production & processing, 2) packaging and 3) transport. The scale serves as a concise, reliable tool to measure young consumers' environmental sustainability perceptions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 107935"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143579958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-02DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2025.107938
David A. Wiss , Erica M. LaFata
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), such as abuse, neglect, or household violence, have been identified as significant risk factors for a multitude of physical and psychological conditions, motivating research to identify contributing mechanisms and conditions. Substantial evidence exists that supports strong associations between ACEs and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), eating disorders (EDs), and addictive disorders. Recent research has also elucidated a link between ACEs and ultra-processed food addiction (UPFA), a clinical presentation resembling a substance use disorder with ultra-processed foods (UPFs; e.g., pastries, packaged snacks, sweetened beverages). Yet, no research to our knowledge has explored causal mediation pathways between ACEs, consumption patterns of UPFs, and symptoms of PTSD, UPFA, and ED. In a sample of 304 adults seeking dietary counseling in a private practice specializing in mental health nutrition, this study conducted mediation analyses and structural equation modeling to test a conceptual model of the hypothesized contributions of UPF intake and UPFA in explaining the relationships between ACEs with symptoms of PTSD and ED. Symptoms of PTSD fully mediated (99.4%) the positive relationship between ACEs and ED symptoms and 51.0% of the ACE-UPFA association. Greater UPF consumption frequency mediated 23.7% of the positive relationship between ACEs and UPFA symptoms, and UPFA symptoms mediated 73.8% of the positive relationship between UPF intake and ED symptomology. Relatedly, symptoms of UPFA explained 46.0% of the positive association between symptoms of PTSD and indicators of ED pathology. Structural equation modeling indicated significant associations of all hypothesized relationships when analyzed simultaneously. This study found that the influences of UPF consumption and UPFA represent a blind spot in current trauma-informed treatment approaches for disordered eating.
虐待、忽视或家庭暴力等不良童年经历（ACEs）已被确定为导致多种生理和心理疾病的重要风险因素，从而促使研究人员找出导致不良童年经历的机制和条件。有大量证据表明，ACE 与创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）、饮食失调（ED）和成瘾性失调之间存在密切联系。最近的研究还阐明了 ACE 与超加工食品成瘾（UPFA）之间的联系，后者的临床表现类似于超加工食品（UPF，如糕点、包装零食、甜饮料）药物使用障碍。然而，据我们所知，还没有研究探讨过 ACE、UPFs 消费模式与创伤后应激障碍、UPFA 和 ED 症状之间的因果中介途径。本研究以一家专门从事心理健康营养的私人诊所中寻求饮食咨询的 304 名成人为样本，进行了中介分析和结构方程建模，以检验 UPF 摄入量和 UPFA 在解释 ACE 与创伤后应激障碍和 ED 症状之间的关系方面的假设贡献的概念模型。创伤后应激障碍症状完全（99.4%）介导了ACE与ED症状之间的正相关关系，51.0%介导了ACE-UPFA之间的相关关系。在ACE与UPFA症状之间的正相关关系中，UPFA症状占23.7%，而在UPF摄入量与ED症状之间的正相关关系中，UPF症状占73.8%。与此相关，创伤后应激障碍症状与 ED 病理指标之间的正相关关系中，46.0% 是由 UPFA 症状引起的。结构方程模型显示，在同时进行分析时，所有假设的关系都有显著关联。这项研究发现，UPF 摄入量和 UPFA 的影响是目前创伤知情治疗饮食失调方法中的一个盲点。
{"title":"Structural equation modeling of adverse childhood experiences, ultra-processed food intake, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, ultra-processed food addiction, and eating disorder among adults seeking nutrition counseling in Los Angeles, CA","authors":"David A. Wiss , Erica M. LaFata","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.107938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.107938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), such as abuse, neglect, or household violence, have been identified as significant risk factors for a multitude of physical and psychological conditions, motivating research to identify contributing mechanisms and conditions. Substantial evidence exists that supports strong associations between ACEs and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), eating disorders (EDs), and addictive disorders. Recent research has also elucidated a link between ACEs and ultra-processed food addiction (UPFA), a clinical presentation resembling a substance use disorder with ultra-processed foods (UPFs; e.g., pastries, packaged snacks, sweetened beverages). Yet, no research to our knowledge has explored causal mediation pathways between ACEs, consumption patterns of UPFs, and symptoms of PTSD, UPFA, and ED. In a sample of 304 adults seeking dietary counseling in a private practice specializing in mental health nutrition, this study conducted mediation analyses and structural equation modeling to test a conceptual model of the hypothesized contributions of UPF intake and UPFA in explaining the relationships between ACEs with symptoms of PTSD and ED. Symptoms of PTSD fully mediated (99.4%) the positive relationship between ACEs and ED symptoms and 51.0% of the ACE-UPFA association. Greater UPF consumption frequency mediated 23.7% of the positive relationship between ACEs and UPFA symptoms, and UPFA symptoms mediated 73.8% of the positive relationship between UPF intake and ED symptomology. Relatedly, symptoms of UPFA explained 46.0% of the positive association between symptoms of PTSD and indicators of ED pathology. Structural equation modeling indicated significant associations of all hypothesized relationships when analyzed simultaneously. This study found that the influences of UPF consumption and UPFA represent a blind spot in current trauma-informed treatment approaches for disordered eating.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 107938"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2025.107908
Sarah C. Galway , Kimberley L. Gammage
{"title":"Corrigendum to “An examination of the effect of exposure to calories on menus on body-related self-conscious emotions: Continuing the investigation beyond body dissatisfaction” [Appetite 206 (2025) 107821]","authors":"Sarah C. Galway , Kimberley L. Gammage","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.107908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.107908","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 107908"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143432057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2025.107867
Yang Hu , Xumin Zhang , Yingkai Fang , Zhifeng Gao
{"title":"Corrigendum to “The influence of multicultural experience on attitudes towards new foods in the U.S.” [Appetite 206 (2025) 107822 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2024.107822]","authors":"Yang Hu , Xumin Zhang , Yingkai Fang , Zhifeng Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.107867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.107867","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 107867"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142997172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2025.107948
Julie Ortmann , André Schulz , Annika P.C. Lutz , Zoé van Dyck , Claus Vögele
Objective
This study provides a comprehensive assessment of cardiac interoception in individuals with binge eating (BE) behavior and compares their emotional experience and affective state related to heartbeat perception with those of healthy controls (HCs).
Method
After a 5-min resting phase, participants (n = 28 BE group, n = 28 HC group) completed the heartbeat counting task, with concurrent EEG and ECG recording. Indices for interoceptive accuracy (IAcc), interoceptive beliefs (IBe), and interoceptive insight (IIn) were computed. Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) served as indicators of bodily signal strength. Heartbeat-evoked potentials (HEPs) were derived to assess the neural representation of cardio-afferent signals at the cortical level during rest or task performance. Emotional experiences and changes in affective state from pre-to post-task were assessed using self-reports.
Results
The BE group exhibited lower mean HR and higher HRV compared to HCs. No group differences were found in IAcc, IBe, or IIn. HCs showed increased HEP amplitudes during the task compared to rest, whereas no such effect was observed in the BE group. Both groups reported an increase in negative affect from pre-to post-task, with the BE group experiencing significantly higher negative affect post-task.
Discussion
The altered neural representation observed in the BE group may reflect disengagement from bodily sensations, which may impair emotion processing and regulation, potentially contributing to BE behavior. Further research is warranted to determine whether this pattern is specific BE-related eating disorders (EDs) or relevant to EDs in general.
{"title":"Cardiac interoceptive processing and emotional experience in binge eating behavior: Neural evidence of disengagement from bodily sensations","authors":"Julie Ortmann , André Schulz , Annika P.C. Lutz , Zoé van Dyck , Claus Vögele","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.107948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.107948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study provides a comprehensive assessment of cardiac interoception in individuals with binge eating (BE) behavior and compares their emotional experience and affective state related to heartbeat perception with those of healthy controls (HCs).</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>After a 5-min resting phase, participants (<em>n</em> = 28 BE group, <em>n</em> = 28 HC group) completed the heartbeat counting task, with concurrent EEG and ECG recording. Indices for interoceptive accuracy (IAcc), interoceptive beliefs (IBe), and interoceptive insight (IIn) were computed. Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) served as indicators of bodily signal strength. Heartbeat-evoked potentials (HEPs) were derived to assess the neural representation of cardio-afferent signals at the cortical level during rest or task performance. Emotional experiences and changes in affective state from pre-to post-task were assessed using self-reports.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The BE group exhibited lower mean HR and higher HRV compared to HCs. No group differences were found in IAcc, IBe, or IIn. HCs showed increased HEP amplitudes during the task compared to rest, whereas no such effect was observed in the BE group. Both groups reported an increase in negative affect from pre-to post-task, with the BE group experiencing significantly higher negative affect post-task.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The altered neural representation observed in the BE group may reflect disengagement from bodily sensations, which may impair emotion processing and regulation, potentially contributing to BE behavior. Further research is warranted to determine whether this pattern is specific BE-related eating disorders (EDs) or relevant to EDs in general.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 107948"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143539640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107840
Nori Geary , Lori Asarian , Brigitte Leeners
Despite increasing recognition that sex is a critical variable in appetite research, many studies fail to include participants of both sexes, fail to consider reproductive physiology in participant selection, or include both sexes but fail to test for sex differences in outcomes. To help remedy this situation, this article seeks to engender enthusiasm for including sex as a variable in appetite research. We first illustrate some sex differences in healthy and disordered eating, including both male-female differences and differences across the menstrual cycle. We next provide methodological guidance for studies involving male and female participants around puberty, during reproductive adulthood, and during reproductive senescence. Studies in children ≥5 y of age should consider adrenarche and gonadarche. Appetite studies in girls and women following menarche and similarly aged males should consider the influences of sex-specific aspects the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis function. The cyclicity of HPG function (i.e., the menstrual cycle) in girls and women presents the challenge of identifying of menstrual-cycle subphases, which are highly variable within and between individuals. Reproductive senescence refers to changes in HPG axis function that occur in both men and women beginning in mid-life. Current best practices involve consideration of hormone-assay methodology, experimental design, and statistical analyses. On the horizon are options based on wearable-sensors and nanotechnology. Well informed consideration of sex as a variable will accelerate progress in appetite research by increasing rigor, replicability, and relevance.
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