Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf304
A. Safonovs, A. Kovalovs, A. Mironovs, A. Chate
The paper presents the experimental verification of the numerical model developed for a closed composite cylinder structure. The operational modal analysis (OMA) techniques are used for modal parameter estimation of the cylinder tested. The impact hammer was used for excitation and the network of piezo films measured the vibration response providing experimental estimation of the cylinder modal parameters. The modal assurance criterion was applied to initially identified modes that allows validating the most stable modes of the closed composite cylinder. Then, the modal parameters of stable modes were used for finite element (FE) model verification. Good agreement between measured and modelled frequencies and mode shapes up to 400 Hz was achieved.
{"title":"Finite element model of closed composite cylinder and its experimental verification","authors":"A. Safonovs, A. Kovalovs, A. Mironovs, A. Chate","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf304","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the experimental verification of the numerical model developed for a closed composite cylinder structure. The operational modal analysis (OMA) techniques are used for modal parameter estimation of the cylinder tested. The impact hammer was used for excitation and the network of piezo films measured the vibration response providing experimental estimation of the cylinder modal parameters. The modal assurance criterion was applied to initially identified modes that allows validating the most stable modes of the closed composite cylinder. Then, the modal parameters of stable modes were used for finite element (FE) model verification. Good agreement between measured and modelled frequencies and mode shapes up to 400 Hz was achieved.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116971917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf083
G. Mazure
Engineering and other STEM fields education is the activity which involves both theoretical knowledge and highly practical skills. The Baltic States evidence the strength in the field of human resources with a very high level of tertiary education among the employed population. The quality and professionalism of the labour force improve with the increase in the proportion of people with higher education. The research aim is to evaluate the tertiary STEM fields education and its demand in the labour market. The research applies the monographic method, methods of analysis and synthesis, data grouping, logical and constructional methods. The analysis of statistical data shows a high demand for engineering specialists. The share of Latvia’s population studying in the STEM fields (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) at a tertiary level has reached the OECD level; though, it is slightly below the EU average rate. The employment rates evidence high demand for STEM graduates both in the Baltic States and the OECD and the EU on average. In 2018, the employment of all fields of the STEM graduates in all Baltic States is higher than the respective figure in the OECD countries and the EU on average. The highest rates of employment fluctuating between 91.8% (Latvia) and 93.7-93.8% (Estonia and Lithuania) are observed in the field of information and communication technologies. Nevertheless, agriculture, forestry, fisheries and veterinary are lowly demanded by young people and produce low proportions of graduates (around 2-3.5% of all tertiary graduates), the employment rates are quite high exceeding 85%.
{"title":"Tertiary stem fields education in the context of the Baltic States","authors":"G. Mazure","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf083","url":null,"abstract":"Engineering and other STEM fields education is the activity which involves both theoretical knowledge and highly practical skills. The Baltic States evidence the strength in the field of human resources with a very high level of tertiary education among the employed population. The quality and professionalism of the labour force improve with the increase in the proportion of people with higher education. The research aim is to evaluate the tertiary STEM fields education and its demand in the labour market. The research applies the monographic method, methods of analysis and synthesis, data grouping, logical and constructional methods. The analysis of statistical data shows a high demand for engineering specialists. The share of Latvia’s population studying in the STEM fields (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) at a tertiary level has reached the OECD level; though, it is slightly below the EU average rate. The employment rates evidence high demand for STEM graduates both in the Baltic States and the OECD and the EU on average. In 2018, the employment of all fields of the STEM graduates in all Baltic States is higher than the respective figure in the OECD countries and the EU on average. The highest rates of employment fluctuating between 91.8% (Latvia) and 93.7-93.8% (Estonia and Lithuania) are observed in the field of information and communication technologies. Nevertheless, agriculture, forestry, fisheries and veterinary are lowly demanded by young people and produce low proportions of graduates (around 2-3.5% of all tertiary graduates), the employment rates are quite high exceeding 85%.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127313965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf171
Heng Lv, Guanyu Jiang, Xu Wang
Corrosion behaviour of SS 316, Ni-based alloy 600, and Titanium alloy TA10 in four environments under 450 oC and 26 MPa for 60 h was studied in this work by corrosion rate, surface morphologies and EDS analysis. SS 316 suffered the most serious corrosion with many oxides and cracks formation when corrosive ions exist. Co-existence of Cl and PO4 helps inhibit corrosion of alloy 600. TA10 had the lowest corrosion rate and smallest oxide thickness, suggesting its excellent stability when exposed to harsh environments.
{"title":"Corrosion resistance of alloys: SS 316 Ni-based alloy 600 and titanium alloy TA10 used as candidate reactor materials in supercritical water","authors":"Heng Lv, Guanyu Jiang, Xu Wang","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf171","url":null,"abstract":"Corrosion behaviour of SS 316, Ni-based alloy 600, and Titanium alloy TA10 in four environments under 450 oC and 26 MPa for 60 h was studied in this work by corrosion rate, surface morphologies and EDS analysis. SS 316 suffered the most serious corrosion with many oxides and cracks formation when corrosive ions exist. Co-existence of Cl and PO4 helps inhibit corrosion of alloy 600. TA10 had the lowest corrosion rate and smallest oxide thickness, suggesting its excellent stability when exposed to harsh environments.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122321622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf075
V. Bratishko, D. Milko, O. Achkevych, Vasyl Lukach
One of the main issues of modern agricultural production in the conditions of the climate crisis and growing moisture deficit is to preserve soil fertility. This issue is especially acute in Ukraine, where manure production per hectare of arable land has fallen by more than 10 times in recent decades due to declining livestock numbers. One of the few sources of organic raw materials that can be used to maintain soil fertility is municipal sewage sludge. According to generalized data, the nitrogen content in sewage sludge is 1.6-7% in dry matter, reaching 7.4% in activated sludge, the ratio of nitrogen to carbon varies from 1:11 to 1:5, sludge moisture depending on the processing technology is in the range from 72 to 93%. It is established that for effective composting of sewage sludge it is necessary to add to the compost mixture carbon raw materials, the most expedient type of which is the non-grain part of the harvest, straw. It is determined that the rational ratio of dry matter of sewage sludge and cereal straw in a balanced compost mixture will be, respectively, 29% and 71%. This ratio also reduces the relative content of inorganic pollutants (plastic, heavy metals, etc.) contained in the sludge by 2.76 times. As a result of the numerical experiment, an adequate regression model of the influence of the factors of sewage sludge moisture and the required nitrogen-carbon ratio on the moisture content of the compost mixture was obtained. Using the obtained model, it was found that for the maximum recommended values of compost mixture moisture (65%) and nitrogen-carbon ratio (C:N = 30), the maximum moisture content of sewage sludge that can be used to balance the compost mixture without additional moisture is 88.7%, which is lower than the values of sludge moisture after settling tanks. With this in mind, advanced technological schemes for wastewater treatment with compost production were proposed.
{"title":"Technological parameters of compost production based on sewage sludge and cereal straw","authors":"V. Bratishko, D. Milko, O. Achkevych, Vasyl Lukach","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf075","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main issues of modern agricultural production in the conditions of the climate crisis and growing moisture deficit is to preserve soil fertility. This issue is especially acute in Ukraine, where manure production per hectare of arable land has fallen by more than 10 times in recent decades due to declining livestock numbers. One of the few sources of organic raw materials that can be used to maintain soil fertility is municipal sewage sludge. According to generalized data, the nitrogen content in sewage sludge is 1.6-7% in dry matter, reaching 7.4% in activated sludge, the ratio of nitrogen to carbon varies from 1:11 to 1:5, sludge moisture depending on the processing technology is in the range from 72 to 93%. It is established that for effective composting of sewage sludge it is necessary to add to the compost mixture carbon raw materials, the most expedient type of which is the non-grain part of the harvest, straw. It is determined that the rational ratio of dry matter of sewage sludge and cereal straw in a balanced compost mixture will be, respectively, 29% and 71%. This ratio also reduces the relative content of inorganic pollutants (plastic, heavy metals, etc.) contained in the sludge by 2.76 times. As a result of the numerical experiment, an adequate regression model of the influence of the factors of sewage sludge moisture and the required nitrogen-carbon ratio on the moisture content of the compost mixture was obtained. Using the obtained model, it was found that for the maximum recommended values of compost mixture moisture (65%) and nitrogen-carbon ratio (C:N = 30), the maximum moisture content of sewage sludge that can be used to balance the compost mixture without additional moisture is 88.7%, which is lower than the values of sludge moisture after settling tanks. With this in mind, advanced technological schemes for wastewater treatment with compost production were proposed.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129215713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf174
A. Atilgan, A. Yucel, M. Marković
Global warming, climate change, rapid urbanization and industrialization, population growth, unplanned and random water use considerably affect the lake water level (LWL) and lake water volume (LWV), which is very important since the lakes are clean water sources. For this study, Lake Egirdir, with a tectonic structure and basin area of approximately 3445.6 km within the borders of Isparta province, was chosen. In the study, long-year lake water level measurement station values of Lake Egirdir and long-year temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, wind speed values of the Egirdir meteorology station were used as variables. To develop equations between the Egirdir lake water level, volume and hydro-meteorological variables, the best fitted sub-equation models analysis, analysis of variance and multiple regression analyses (MRA) were performed. Their statistical relevance was examined with 5% significance level F, correlation (r) and probability (p) tests. Analysis of variance of each MRA equation developed to determine LWL and LWV estimation values was evaluated. In line with these values, it has been determined that the MLRA equation is more suitable than the Multiple Nonlinear Regression Analysis (MNRA) equation in estimating LWL, and the MNRA equation is much more suitable than the Multiple Linear Regression Analysis (MLRA) equation in estimating LWV. With the help of the equations developed for LWL and LWV estimations, it has been concluded that the Egirdir lake basin water management planning and project design studies within the hydrological cycle can have an idea beforehand. As a result, we think that it is very important to carry out the necessary planning and management studies in advance by revealing the current status of water resources in the future by carrying out these and similar studies.
{"title":"Statistical analyses and hydrometeorological parameters of long-year water levels and volumes: example of lake Egirdir","authors":"A. Atilgan, A. Yucel, M. Marković","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf174","url":null,"abstract":"Global warming, climate change, rapid urbanization and industrialization, population growth, unplanned and random water use considerably affect the lake water level (LWL) and lake water volume (LWV), which is very important since the lakes are clean water sources. For this study, Lake Egirdir, with a tectonic structure and basin area of approximately 3445.6 km within the borders of Isparta province, was chosen. In the study, long-year lake water level measurement station values of Lake Egirdir and long-year temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, wind speed values of the Egirdir meteorology station were used as variables. To develop equations between the Egirdir lake water level, volume and hydro-meteorological variables, the best fitted sub-equation models analysis, analysis of variance and multiple regression analyses (MRA) were performed. Their statistical relevance was examined with 5% significance level F, correlation (r) and probability (p) tests. Analysis of variance of each MRA equation developed to determine LWL and LWV estimation values was evaluated. In line with these values, it has been determined that the MLRA equation is more suitable than the Multiple Nonlinear Regression Analysis (MNRA) equation in estimating LWL, and the MNRA equation is much more suitable than the Multiple Linear Regression Analysis (MLRA) equation in estimating LWV. With the help of the equations developed for LWL and LWV estimations, it has been concluded that the Egirdir lake basin water management planning and project design studies within the hydrological cycle can have an idea beforehand. As a result, we think that it is very important to carry out the necessary planning and management studies in advance by revealing the current status of water resources in the future by carrying out these and similar studies.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123679561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf240
O. Achkevych, V. Bratishko, D. Petrenko, T. Slipukha
. It is possible to reduce the cost of production and improve the quality of finished feed, due to a balanced composition, by producing feed additives directly on farms. It has been established that better mixing will occur with a smaller difference in the ratio of components. Some components in the compound feed are in an amount of up to 1%. It is advisable to apply a staged mixing scheme, in which a mixture of micro components will be prepared at the first stage, premixes at the second stage and compound feed at the third stage. To obtain a high-quality mixed feed, it is necessary that each premix has a higher level of it. Therefore, the mixer of micro-additives has the highest requirements regarding uniformity. The design chosen for further study allows mixing dry components of premixes, eliminating the phenomenon of segregation due to the movable mixer chamber. Due to the inclined axis of the chamber, mixing occurs not only in the transverse, but also in the longitudinal direction. To better distribute the mixing, the chamber was provided with an agitating blade along the inner surface of the chamber. It has been established that the best operating mode of the installation is 1.6-1.7 s -1 . When determining the duration of mixing of the components, it was found that a sufficiently high level of uniformity of feed additives of 96% is achieved within 240-360 s. The intensity of the mixing process is affected by the measure of the initial filling of the chamber. It has been established that the rational filling factor is k = 0.5-0.6, the width of the working plane of the mixing blade is s = 30-35 mm, which corresponds to the ratio of the blade width to the chamber cylinder diameter of 0.18. has been established that the range of the drum inclination angle within 16-20º is a rational zone with a mixing time of about 300 s. In this case, uniformity of 95-98% can be achieved, which satisfies the zoo technical requirements for all groups of animals.
{"title":"Justification parameters of mixer drum feed additives","authors":"O. Achkevych, V. Bratishko, D. Petrenko, T. Slipukha","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf240","url":null,"abstract":". It is possible to reduce the cost of production and improve the quality of finished feed, due to a balanced composition, by producing feed additives directly on farms. It has been established that better mixing will occur with a smaller difference in the ratio of components. Some components in the compound feed are in an amount of up to 1%. It is advisable to apply a staged mixing scheme, in which a mixture of micro components will be prepared at the first stage, premixes at the second stage and compound feed at the third stage. To obtain a high-quality mixed feed, it is necessary that each premix has a higher level of it. Therefore, the mixer of micro-additives has the highest requirements regarding uniformity. The design chosen for further study allows mixing dry components of premixes, eliminating the phenomenon of segregation due to the movable mixer chamber. Due to the inclined axis of the chamber, mixing occurs not only in the transverse, but also in the longitudinal direction. To better distribute the mixing, the chamber was provided with an agitating blade along the inner surface of the chamber. It has been established that the best operating mode of the installation is 1.6-1.7 s -1 . When determining the duration of mixing of the components, it was found that a sufficiently high level of uniformity of feed additives of 96% is achieved within 240-360 s. The intensity of the mixing process is affected by the measure of the initial filling of the chamber. It has been established that the rational filling factor is k = 0.5-0.6, the width of the working plane of the mixing blade is s = 30-35 mm, which corresponds to the ratio of the blade width to the chamber cylinder diameter of 0.18. has been established that the range of the drum inclination angle within 16-20º is a rational zone with a mixing time of about 300 s. In this case, uniformity of 95-98% can be achieved, which satisfies the zoo technical requirements for all groups of animals.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116344992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf182
O. Zagurskiy, L. Savchenko, Ilhomjon E. Makhmudov, V. Matsiuk
. Improving the environment, like the quality of life, comes at a cost. In this regard, scientists and practitioners of the developed countries of the world raise the problem of finding a compromise between the results of economic activity, in particular transport, and the cost of measures to mitigate its negative consequences for the environment and society. Overcoming this problem lies in the search for optimal socially responsible economic solutions that can balance the economic, environmental and social needs of business, the state and society. The article analyzes the main aspects of the social and environmental activities of transport and logistics companies. A new solution to the methodological problem of analyzing the socio-environmental efficiency of transport and logistics companies through the inclusion of additional private performance indicators is proposed. The expert method determined particular indicators of social and environmental efficiency, on the basis of which the absolute values of the integrated indicators were calculated. They were followed by monitoring of the introduction of environmental principles into the economic activity of 10 transport companies of Ukraine in 2015-2020. This approach allows making scientifically based effective management decisions in the implementation of transport and logistics schemes for the delivery of goods; determine quantitative criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of proposed social and environmental measures. The results of the study showed that the socially responsible management of transport and logistics companies helps reduce the environmental impact of transport services without compromising their quality, cost, reliability, productivity or efficiency.
{"title":"Assessment of socio-ecological efficiency of transport and logistics activity","authors":"O. Zagurskiy, L. Savchenko, Ilhomjon E. Makhmudov, V. Matsiuk","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf182","url":null,"abstract":". Improving the environment, like the quality of life, comes at a cost. In this regard, scientists and practitioners of the developed countries of the world raise the problem of finding a compromise between the results of economic activity, in particular transport, and the cost of measures to mitigate its negative consequences for the environment and society. Overcoming this problem lies in the search for optimal socially responsible economic solutions that can balance the economic, environmental and social needs of business, the state and society. The article analyzes the main aspects of the social and environmental activities of transport and logistics companies. A new solution to the methodological problem of analyzing the socio-environmental efficiency of transport and logistics companies through the inclusion of additional private performance indicators is proposed. The expert method determined particular indicators of social and environmental efficiency, on the basis of which the absolute values of the integrated indicators were calculated. They were followed by monitoring of the introduction of environmental principles into the economic activity of 10 transport companies of Ukraine in 2015-2020. This approach allows making scientifically based effective management decisions in the implementation of transport and logistics schemes for the delivery of goods; determine quantitative criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of proposed social and environmental measures. The results of the study showed that the socially responsible management of transport and logistics companies helps reduce the environmental impact of transport services without compromising their quality, cost, reliability, productivity or efficiency.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128103421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf223
V. Bulgakov, S. Ivanovs, F. Santoro, V. Adamchuk, Z. Ruzhylo, Y. Ihnatiev, V. Kaminska
Potato harvesting is a labor-intensive technological process that affects the losses of production and the degree of cleaning the tubers. We have improved the design of the KRK-2 potato digger with a V-shaped heap distributor. The purpose of this work was to find the influence of a V-shaped heap distributor upon the quality indicators of harvesting, and to determine rational design and technological parameters. On the basis of the developed methodology experimental dependences of the influence of the parameters of the distributor upon the contamination of the potato heap and damage to the tubers were obtained. By the results of these calculations it was found that the gap between the conveyor and the distributor has the greatest influence upon the weediness of the heap. To a less degree this process is influenced by the distance of the bar drums to the distributor and the opening angle of the distributor wing. The parameters of the distributor significantly affect the intensity of the process of separating the soil impurities from the potato heap since, when varying the variable parameters, the weediness value changes 7.6 times. It was determined that the minimum value of the soil content index will be at a distance L = 0.55-0.6 m. When the distances L are reduced, the soil content increases because, due to the small distance, a heap accumulates in front of the distributor, which leads to deterioration of the distribution process of the heap across the width of the conveyor.
{"title":"Experimental studies of improved potato digger KRK-2 with V-shaped heap distributor","authors":"V. Bulgakov, S. Ivanovs, F. Santoro, V. Adamchuk, Z. Ruzhylo, Y. Ihnatiev, V. Kaminska","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf223","url":null,"abstract":"Potato harvesting is a labor-intensive technological process that affects the losses of production and the degree of cleaning the tubers. We have improved the design of the KRK-2 potato digger with a V-shaped heap distributor. The purpose of this work was to find the influence of a V-shaped heap distributor upon the quality indicators of harvesting, and to determine rational design and technological parameters. On the basis of the developed methodology experimental dependences of the influence of the parameters of the distributor upon the contamination of the potato heap and damage to the tubers were obtained. By the results of these calculations it was found that the gap between the conveyor and the distributor has the greatest influence upon the weediness of the heap. To a less degree this process is influenced by the distance of the bar drums to the distributor and the opening angle of the distributor wing. The parameters of the distributor significantly affect the intensity of the process of separating the soil impurities from the potato heap since, when varying the variable parameters, the weediness value changes 7.6 times. It was determined that the minimum value of the soil content index will be at a distance L = 0.55-0.6 m. When the distances L are reduced, the soil content increases because, due to the small distance, a heap accumulates in front of the distributor, which leads to deterioration of the distribution process of the heap across the width of the conveyor.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134637198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf110
V. Dubrovskis, A. Adamovics, I. Plume, A. Kakitis
Latvian biogas plants use various organic agricultural waste as raw materials, first of all cattle and pig manure. Digestate, a processed product obtained by anaerobic fermentation, is a good fertilizer. The addition of wood ash could further improve its properties, especially on acid soils. In order for it to be advantageous to transport this fertilizer to further fields, it would be desirable to granulate this fertilizer a mixture of ash and digestate. In this study, granules were prepared from ash and digestate, which were predominantly cattle manure mixtures, and also from ash and digestate, which was predominantly pig manure. With wood ash of the heat production company Fortum, the digestate was prepared in four different mixtures and granulated. The granules were dried with a stream of warm air (40-50 oC) and also naturally kept at laboratory temperature for thirty days. The dried granules were subjected to strength tests. Granules produced from pig or cattle manure with ashes at different proportions were tested for breaking durability. The material testing device INSTRON (accuracy class 0.5) was used to determine the compressive strength of the granules placed upright on the end surface. To increase the accuracy of measurements 5 batches each consisting of 10 granules (diam. 6 mm, length 10 mm) were tested, and the average breaking force per single granule was calculated. The highest strength in longitudinal direction 60.5 N was determined for the granules made from the pig farm biogas plant digestate: ash at a ratio of 3:1, and the lowest strength 41.0 N was found for the granules composed of the pig farm biogas plant digestate: ash in a ratio of 4:1 or less by 32% compared to the most durable granules. High average strength 67.2 N was found in the granules made from the cattle farm biogas plant digestate and ash at a ratio of 1:1, but the granules made from the cattle farm biogas plant digestate and ash at a ratio of 3:1 withstand a compression force 49.0 N or less by 27% compared to the most durable granules. However, both artificially and naturally dried granules are still sufficiently stable and suitable for transport and fertilization.
{"title":"Studies of granules of various digestate and wood ash mixtures","authors":"V. Dubrovskis, A. Adamovics, I. Plume, A. Kakitis","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf110","url":null,"abstract":"Latvian biogas plants use various organic agricultural waste as raw materials, first of all cattle and pig manure. Digestate, a processed product obtained by anaerobic fermentation, is a good fertilizer. The addition of wood ash could further improve its properties, especially on acid soils. In order for it to be advantageous to transport this fertilizer to further fields, it would be desirable to granulate this fertilizer a mixture of ash and digestate. In this study, granules were prepared from ash and digestate, which were predominantly cattle manure mixtures, and also from ash and digestate, which was predominantly pig manure. With wood ash of the heat production company Fortum, the digestate was prepared in four different mixtures and granulated. The granules were dried with a stream of warm air (40-50 oC) and also naturally kept at laboratory temperature for thirty days. The dried granules were subjected to strength tests. Granules produced from pig or cattle manure with ashes at different proportions were tested for breaking durability. The material testing device INSTRON (accuracy class 0.5) was used to determine the compressive strength of the granules placed upright on the end surface. To increase the accuracy of measurements 5 batches each consisting of 10 granules (diam. 6 mm, length 10 mm) were tested, and the average breaking force per single granule was calculated. The highest strength in longitudinal direction 60.5 N was determined for the granules made from the pig farm biogas plant digestate: ash at a ratio of 3:1, and the lowest strength 41.0 N was found for the granules composed of the pig farm biogas plant digestate: ash in a ratio of 4:1 or less by 32% compared to the most durable granules. High average strength 67.2 N was found in the granules made from the cattle farm biogas plant digestate and ash at a ratio of 1:1, but the granules made from the cattle farm biogas plant digestate and ash at a ratio of 3:1 withstand a compression force 49.0 N or less by 27% compared to the most durable granules. However, both artificially and naturally dried granules are still sufficiently stable and suitable for transport and fertilization.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131665974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf020
V. Dubrovskis, I. Plume
Global warming is leading to an increase in the production of renewable energy and the prevention of harmful emissions into the atmosphere worldwide. Many countries around the world are developing special programs to get more green energy. There are currently fifty-two biogas plants in Latvia. Forty-eight of them use agricultural waste. The kitchens of households and catering companies also generate a lot of organic waste. If they are not recycled, methane and carbon dioxide are released into the atmosphere during decomposition in landfills during anaerobic fermentation. Organic kitchen waste should be used as a raw material for biogas production. Biogas could be used to generate heat, electricity or as a fuel for vehicles. Energy prices have risen sharply in Latvia and Europe. Therefore, biogas producers are intensively looking for cheaper raw materials. They need to know how much methane can be extracted from each feedstock. In this study, we found out how much methane can be obtained from four food waste that is often thrown away in food waste bins. We fermented banana peel, orange mandarin peel, onion residues and peel, as well as kiwi peel in fourteen bioreactors at 38 oC. In order to find out how much gas could still be obtained from the inoculum, it was fermented in two bioreactors. The process took 30 days. Most methane was obtained from onion residues and peel 0.523 L·gDOM. 0.325 L·gDOM obtained was of banana peel, 0.487 L·gDOM of mandarin orange peel and 0.462 L·gDOM of methane from kiwi peel. Research shows that this kitchen waste is a very good raw material for methane production.
{"title":"Anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste","authors":"V. Dubrovskis, I. Plume","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf020","url":null,"abstract":"Global warming is leading to an increase in the production of renewable energy and the prevention of harmful emissions into the atmosphere worldwide. Many countries around the world are developing special programs to get more green energy. There are currently fifty-two biogas plants in Latvia. Forty-eight of them use agricultural waste. The kitchens of households and catering companies also generate a lot of organic waste. If they are not recycled, methane and carbon dioxide are released into the atmosphere during decomposition in landfills during anaerobic fermentation. Organic kitchen waste should be used as a raw material for biogas production. Biogas could be used to generate heat, electricity or as a fuel for vehicles. Energy prices have risen sharply in Latvia and Europe. Therefore, biogas producers are intensively looking for cheaper raw materials. They need to know how much methane can be extracted from each feedstock. In this study, we found out how much methane can be obtained from four food waste that is often thrown away in food waste bins. We fermented banana peel, orange mandarin peel, onion residues and peel, as well as kiwi peel in fourteen bioreactors at 38 oC. In order to find out how much gas could still be obtained from the inoculum, it was fermented in two bioreactors. The process took 30 days. Most methane was obtained from onion residues and peel 0.523 L·gDOM. 0.325 L·gDOM obtained was of banana peel, 0.487 L·gDOM of mandarin orange peel and 0.462 L·gDOM of methane from kiwi peel. Research shows that this kitchen waste is a very good raw material for methane production.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"195 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114361143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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