Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf318
Dmitry Kostrichkin, S. Rudenko, M. Lapkis, A. Atvars
A 4-channel low noise rail-to-tail operation amplifier chip aRD824 was developed based on Analog Devices AD824 prototype. The operation amplifier is planned to hold low voltage noise < 4 μV for 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz input, low input bias current < 15 pA, and offset voltage < 0.5 mV. The aRD824 contained modified electric scheme modules of AD824. The modification was initiated by the limitation of the producer “Integral” to obtain proper quality FETs. The electric scheme of aRD824 was simulated in PSpice software, and data were compared to the datasheet of AD824. Simulated signals included – open-loop gain dependence on the signal frequency with no load, small signal response with no load, open-loop gain and small signal response for capacitor load 200 pF, slow rate for 10 kΩ resistance load, input bias current vs. temperature, common-mode rejection vs. frequency, and power supply rejection vs. frequency. A square topology of aRD824 was developed that is more compact than the rectangular topology of AD824. Chips of aRD824 were produced and tested on several performance indicators power supply rejection ratio vs. frequency, small signal response for load 100 pF and 10 kΩ, open loop gain vs. frequency for load 15 pF and 100 kΩ, and output voltage to supply rail vs. sink and source load currents. The measured voltage noise for 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz signal input was 1μV. The experimental results were compared to the datasheet of AD824. A preliminary conclusion was made that aRD824 achieves most of its planned performance parameters and can be accepted as a good analog to AD824. For the final conclusion, additional parameters of aRD824 should be measured to cover all characteristics given in the datasheet of AD824.
{"title":"Simulation and test results of 4-channel low noise rail-to-rail operational amplifier aRD824 based on AD824 prototype","authors":"Dmitry Kostrichkin, S. Rudenko, M. Lapkis, A. Atvars","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf318","url":null,"abstract":"A 4-channel low noise rail-to-tail operation amplifier chip aRD824 was developed based on Analog Devices AD824 prototype. The operation amplifier is planned to hold low voltage noise < 4 μV for 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz input, low input bias current < 15 pA, and offset voltage < 0.5 mV. The aRD824 contained modified electric scheme modules of AD824. The modification was initiated by the limitation of the producer “Integral” to obtain proper quality FETs. The electric scheme of aRD824 was simulated in PSpice software, and data were compared to the datasheet of AD824. Simulated signals included – open-loop gain dependence on the signal frequency with no load, small signal response with no load, open-loop gain and small signal response for capacitor load 200 pF, slow rate for 10 kΩ resistance load, input bias current vs. temperature, common-mode rejection vs. frequency, and power supply rejection vs. frequency. A square topology of aRD824 was developed that is more compact than the rectangular topology of AD824. Chips of aRD824 were produced and tested on several performance indicators power supply rejection ratio vs. frequency, small signal response for load 100 pF and 10 kΩ, open loop gain vs. frequency for load 15 pF and 100 kΩ, and output voltage to supply rail vs. sink and source load currents. The measured voltage noise for 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz signal input was 1μV. The experimental results were compared to the datasheet of AD824. A preliminary conclusion was made that aRD824 achieves most of its planned performance parameters and can be accepted as a good analog to AD824. For the final conclusion, additional parameters of aRD824 should be measured to cover all characteristics given in the datasheet of AD824.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132526485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf236
Borys Onyshchenko, Vladimir Onyshchenko
The research is devoted to the influence of the row unit pressure force, planting depth, singulation and planting speed on sunflower germination and yield. Planting depth is crucial for technological operations of planting sunflower seeds. The research of planting sunflower seeds at a depth of 3.8 cm, 5 cm and 7.6 cm was performed using the MF 9108VE planter. Pressure force on the planter row unit is also important at planting operation. Insufficient pressure force leads to loss of the planting depth, planting of seeds in soil with low humidity and loss of the yield. Planting with excessive pressure force on the row unit leads to compaction of the root zone for plants and as a consequence the crop loss. The research of the pressure force on the row unit has been done with help of the Delta Force system from the Precision Planting company. The system has been adjusted to the pressing mode 200 kg, 20 kg, automatic mode (the contact force of the row unit depth wheels with soil at level 50 kg). Doubles and skips also have influence on sunflower yield. Therefore, the research of singulation is extremely important. If we have the doubles, we will have competition between plants, stress for them and a significant reduction of the yield. If we have skips, we will have the planting rate reduction, reducing of sunflower heads quantity in the row, and yields decreasing. The research of sunflower planting has been done with singulation 79.22% and the control plot with a singulation 96.05%. The research of how the planting speed 8 and 12 km·h influences on quality of planting and sunflower yield has been done. Based on the research results of the MF 9108VE planter with Delta Force system, the following operating modes can be recommended: plating depth – 5 cm, panting speed – 12 km·h, Delta Force in automatic mode with depth wheel force to the soil 50 kg, singulation at the level 96%. Such settings of the planter allow to raise the yield up to 0.4 t·ha.
{"title":"Experimental research of influence of MF 9108 VE planter settings on sunflower yield","authors":"Borys Onyshchenko, Vladimir Onyshchenko","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf236","url":null,"abstract":"The research is devoted to the influence of the row unit pressure force, planting depth, singulation and planting speed on sunflower germination and yield. Planting depth is crucial for technological operations of planting sunflower seeds. The research of planting sunflower seeds at a depth of 3.8 cm, 5 cm and 7.6 cm was performed using the MF 9108VE planter. Pressure force on the planter row unit is also important at planting operation. Insufficient pressure force leads to loss of the planting depth, planting of seeds in soil with low humidity and loss of the yield. Planting with excessive pressure force on the row unit leads to compaction of the root zone for plants and as a consequence the crop loss. The research of the pressure force on the row unit has been done with help of the Delta Force system from the Precision Planting company. The system has been adjusted to the pressing mode 200 kg, 20 kg, automatic mode (the contact force of the row unit depth wheels with soil at level 50 kg). Doubles and skips also have influence on sunflower yield. Therefore, the research of singulation is extremely important. If we have the doubles, we will have competition between plants, stress for them and a significant reduction of the yield. If we have skips, we will have the planting rate reduction, reducing of sunflower heads quantity in the row, and yields decreasing. The research of sunflower planting has been done with singulation 79.22% and the control plot with a singulation 96.05%. The research of how the planting speed 8 and 12 km·h influences on quality of planting and sunflower yield has been done. Based on the research results of the MF 9108VE planter with Delta Force system, the following operating modes can be recommended: plating depth – 5 cm, panting speed – 12 km·h, Delta Force in automatic mode with depth wheel force to the soil 50 kg, singulation at the level 96%. Such settings of the planter allow to raise the yield up to 0.4 t·ha.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133749857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf229
A. Lazdiņš, A. Butlers, Ritvars Ancāns
The aim of the study is to evaluate greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes from stems in black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) and birch (Betula pendula Roth) stands with drained and naturally wet nutrient rich peat soils, as well as to evaluate correlation between the GHG fluxes, soil temperature and groundwater level. The study was implemented in 8 forest stands – three black alder stands with nutrient rich peat soil (stand types according to national classification – Dryopterioso-caricosa and Filipendulosa) and 5 birch stands with peat soil (stand type Oxalidosa turf. mel. and Dryopterioso-caricosa). Measurement of GHG fluxes was continued for 12 months using Gasmet DX4040 FTIR analyser and removable non-transparent chambers of fixed volume and area. GHG fluxes were measured at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m height on 3 trees in every stand. According to the study results the average CH4 emissions from stem surface in birch stands are 6.9 ± 6.2 g CO2 eq m·yr and in black alder stands 1.0 ± 3.2 g CO2 eq m·yr. Groundwater level significantly effects CH4 emissions – if it remains above 15 cm during summer, the CH4 emissions from stem increases to 84.0 ± 25.2 g CO2 eq. m·yr. Tree stems in drained peat soils are not a source of CH4 emissions. According to the study results tree stems in peat soils are not producing N2O emissions.
本研究的目的是评估黑桤木(Alnus glutinosa, L.)茎部温室气体(GHG)通量。(桦树)和桦树(Betula pendula Roth)生长在排水和自然湿润的富含营养的泥炭土壤中，以及评估温室气体通量、土壤温度和地下水位之间的相关性。研究对象为8个森林林分，分别为3个营养丰富的泥炭土黑桤木林分(林分类型按国家分类-白杨和黄杨)和5个泥炭土桦木林分(林分类型为草皮)。梅尔。和Dryopterioso-caricosa)。使用Gasmet DX4040 FTIR分析仪和固定体积和面积的可拆卸非透明腔持续测量温室气体通量12个月。在0.5、1.0和1.5 m高度测量了每个林分3棵树的温室气体通量。研究结果表明，桦木林分茎表面CH4平均排放量为6.9±6.2 g CO2 eq m·yr，黑桤木林分茎表面CH4平均排放量为1.0±3.2 g CO2 eq m·yr。地下水位对CH4排放有显著影响，夏季地下水位高于15 cm时，地表CH4排放量增加至84.0±25.2 g CO2当量m·年。排干的泥炭土中的树干不是CH4排放源。根据研究结果，泥炭土壤中的树干不会产生N2O排放。
{"title":"Nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) fluxes from tree stems in birch and black alder stands - a case study in forests with deep peat soils","authors":"A. Lazdiņš, A. Butlers, Ritvars Ancāns","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf229","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to evaluate greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes from stems in black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) and birch (Betula pendula Roth) stands with drained and naturally wet nutrient rich peat soils, as well as to evaluate correlation between the GHG fluxes, soil temperature and groundwater level. The study was implemented in 8 forest stands – three black alder stands with nutrient rich peat soil (stand types according to national classification – Dryopterioso-caricosa and Filipendulosa) and 5 birch stands with peat soil (stand type Oxalidosa turf. mel. and Dryopterioso-caricosa). Measurement of GHG fluxes was continued for 12 months using Gasmet DX4040 FTIR analyser and removable non-transparent chambers of fixed volume and area. GHG fluxes were measured at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m height on 3 trees in every stand. According to the study results the average CH4 emissions from stem surface in birch stands are 6.9 ± 6.2 g CO2 eq m·yr and in black alder stands 1.0 ± 3.2 g CO2 eq m·yr. Groundwater level significantly effects CH4 emissions – if it remains above 15 cm during summer, the CH4 emissions from stem increases to 84.0 ± 25.2 g CO2 eq. m·yr. Tree stems in drained peat soils are not a source of CH4 emissions. According to the study results tree stems in peat soils are not producing N2O emissions.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130310476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf200
Sintija Ozolina, U. Žaimis
The present paper focuses on seaweed (macroalgae) detritus as a potential feedstock for recycled paper material production, since significant quantities of seaweed residues are available in the research site – Kurzeme coast (Western Latvia). This study aims to adapt the method for paper manufacturing from red seaweed Furcellaria lumbricalis. Binding agents manipulate properties of the paper material. Furcellaria lumbricalis material has been gathered on Kurzeme coast in Liepaja city and brought to the Liepaja University for carrageenan substances isolation/separation and further use in papermaking. The samples were thoroughly washed with tap water, then boiled for 3 hours and hot filtered into cold isopropanol to get the binding material. After adding the binder material to the recycled paper material, paper strength tests were performed. Paper with algae binder is 9% less resistant than recycled paper with added PVA glue, but 40% stronger than recycled paper without any added binders. The results of the experimental study demonstrate that the method adapted for seaweed treatment is appropriate for low-input paper manufacturing. It shows that local natural resources can be used in production of paper, without the addition of binder chemicals. Still, the research results should be considered as preliminary ones. Further studies are necessary to develop compatible paper material and extract pulp from Furcellaria lumbricalis. Obtaining pulp from algae, at first they need a chemical treatment with alkaliNaOH, followed by bleaching with H2O2 and acid hydrolysis – H2SO4, eventually producing cellulose.
{"title":"Some aspects of extraction and application of seaweed Furcellaria lumbricalis carrageenan in production of recycled paper","authors":"Sintija Ozolina, U. Žaimis","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf200","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper focuses on seaweed (macroalgae) detritus as a potential feedstock for recycled paper material production, since significant quantities of seaweed residues are available in the research site – Kurzeme coast (Western Latvia). This study aims to adapt the method for paper manufacturing from red seaweed Furcellaria lumbricalis. Binding agents manipulate properties of the paper material. Furcellaria lumbricalis material has been gathered on Kurzeme coast in Liepaja city and brought to the Liepaja University for carrageenan substances isolation/separation and further use in papermaking. The samples were thoroughly washed with tap water, then boiled for 3 hours and hot filtered into cold isopropanol to get the binding material. After adding the binder material to the recycled paper material, paper strength tests were performed. Paper with algae binder is 9% less resistant than recycled paper with added PVA glue, but 40% stronger than recycled paper without any added binders. The results of the experimental study demonstrate that the method adapted for seaweed treatment is appropriate for low-input paper manufacturing. It shows that local natural resources can be used in production of paper, without the addition of binder chemicals. Still, the research results should be considered as preliminary ones. Further studies are necessary to develop compatible paper material and extract pulp from Furcellaria lumbricalis. Obtaining pulp from algae, at first they need a chemical treatment with alkaliNaOH, followed by bleaching with H2O2 and acid hydrolysis – H2SO4, eventually producing cellulose.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115715257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf208
A. Aboltins
The potential risk of fire and burns is one of the biggest disadvantages of using wood as a building material. The cone calorimeter method was used to experimentally determine the burning process of spruce wood, which allows the reaction to the fire class according to the official EU classification system according to EN 13501-1: 2018. Using the experimental data, the dynamics of temperature change in different sample thicknesses was determined. The time required for moisture to evaporate closer to the surface of the flame is shorter than away from the surface, and the rate of temperature rise is much faster. When processing the experimental data, it was found that the influence of the sample thickness is significantly preserved up to the degree of 3, which indicates that the temperature distribution surface is inflection in relation to the thickness. The proposed mathematical model for the determination of temperature changes in wood during its combustion process shows a sufficiently good agreement with the experimental data and can be used to determine the temperature distribution in wood during the combustion process.
{"title":"Temperature dynamics in spruce wood under fire","authors":"A. Aboltins","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf208","url":null,"abstract":"The potential risk of fire and burns is one of the biggest disadvantages of using wood as a building material. The cone calorimeter method was used to experimentally determine the burning process of spruce wood, which allows the reaction to the fire class according to the official EU classification system according to EN 13501-1: 2018. Using the experimental data, the dynamics of temperature change in different sample thicknesses was determined. The time required for moisture to evaporate closer to the surface of the flame is shorter than away from the surface, and the rate of temperature rise is much faster. When processing the experimental data, it was found that the influence of the sample thickness is significantly preserved up to the degree of 3, which indicates that the temperature distribution surface is inflection in relation to the thickness. The proposed mathematical model for the determination of temperature changes in wood during its combustion process shows a sufficiently good agreement with the experimental data and can be used to determine the temperature distribution in wood during the combustion process.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114850382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf209
Elīna Miķelsone, Aivars Spilbergs, J. Segers, T. Volkova, Elita Liela
Web-based idea management systems are used by a wide range of organisations across private, public and academical sector. Organisations like NASA, Samsung, Panasonic, Virgin trains, etc. have shared cases in the past that prove the results that can be achieved by using these systems. Researchers have discovered that even web-based idea management systems that provide similar functionalities can still have technological differences. Based on this, the researchers have created idea management system type classifications. Researchers have researched which of these types will provide greater idea quality, idea quantity and involvement. But there is a research gap – there is no research that tries to explore idea quality forecasting models for different web-based idea management system types. In this paper, the authors aim to close this research gap by conducting a global survey (n > 400) of companies that apply the web-based idea management system to create idea quality forecasting models for different web-based idea management system types. The contribution of this research is as follows – it provides a forecasting model to estimate the expected idea quality (ideas selected for implementation) based on the number of people involved and quantity of ideas generated by applying different web-based idea management system types. As a result, there is a positive effect in idea quality in all IMS types. By increasing the number of generated ideas by 1000, the number of selected ideas will increase by between 1 to 3 ideas across all IMS types. By reaching the involvement level of 1000 in Internal, External and Passive IMS, the number of selected ideas will increase by between 1 to 3 ideas, while an involvement of 10000 people in Mixed and Active IMS, the number of selected ideas will increase by between 1 to 2 ideas. The results highlight that idea quantity and involvement have a direct positive impact on the idea quality.
{"title":"Idea quality forecasting models for different web-based idea management system types","authors":"Elīna Miķelsone, Aivars Spilbergs, J. Segers, T. Volkova, Elita Liela","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf209","url":null,"abstract":"Web-based idea management systems are used by a wide range of organisations across private, public and academical sector. Organisations like NASA, Samsung, Panasonic, Virgin trains, etc. have shared cases in the past that prove the results that can be achieved by using these systems. Researchers have discovered that even web-based idea management systems that provide similar functionalities can still have technological differences. Based on this, the researchers have created idea management system type classifications. Researchers have researched which of these types will provide greater idea quality, idea quantity and involvement. But there is a research gap – there is no research that tries to explore idea quality forecasting models for different web-based idea management system types. In this paper, the authors aim to close this research gap by conducting a global survey (n > 400) of companies that apply the web-based idea management system to create idea quality forecasting models for different web-based idea management system types. The contribution of this research is as follows – it provides a forecasting model to estimate the expected idea quality (ideas selected for implementation) based on the number of people involved and quantity of ideas generated by applying different web-based idea management system types. As a result, there is a positive effect in idea quality in all IMS types. By increasing the number of generated ideas by 1000, the number of selected ideas will increase by between 1 to 3 ideas across all IMS types. By reaching the involvement level of 1000 in Internal, External and Passive IMS, the number of selected ideas will increase by between 1 to 3 ideas, while an involvement of 10000 people in Mixed and Active IMS, the number of selected ideas will increase by between 1 to 2 ideas. The results highlight that idea quantity and involvement have a direct positive impact on the idea quality.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116284226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf164
V. Bulgakov, O. Trokhaniak, V. Adamchuk, J. Olt, S. Ivanovs
. Despite the presence of a wide variety of designs for the transportation of bulk materials in closed technological highways, the problem of their improvement and the search for optimal parameters remains relevant. High productivity and mobility of the loading and unloading technological operations with a minimum degree of damage to the material on complex curved routes can be achieved using flexible screw conveyors. As an object of study there was used a new flexible screw conveyor of an experimental design. To determine the dependence of the torque upon the change in the rotational speed of the screw, the height of the lifted material and the bending radius of the flexible screw-type hinged-sectional working body, the method of a full-factorial experiment was used. It was established that the dominant factor that affects the magnitude of the torque is the frequency of rotation of the working body, but the least influential factor is the bending radius of the flexible screw hinged sectional working body. When changing the frequency of rotation of the working body within the range of 300...800 rpm, the torque increases by 17% for barley and by 18% for technical salt. When the height of lifting the material changes within 1...3 m, the torque increases by 14% for barley and by 16% for technical salt.
{"title":"Experimental studies of flexible sectional screw conveyor torque value","authors":"V. Bulgakov, O. Trokhaniak, V. Adamchuk, J. Olt, S. Ivanovs","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf164","url":null,"abstract":". Despite the presence of a wide variety of designs for the transportation of bulk materials in closed technological highways, the problem of their improvement and the search for optimal parameters remains relevant. High productivity and mobility of the loading and unloading technological operations with a minimum degree of damage to the material on complex curved routes can be achieved using flexible screw conveyors. As an object of study there was used a new flexible screw conveyor of an experimental design. To determine the dependence of the torque upon the change in the rotational speed of the screw, the height of the lifted material and the bending radius of the flexible screw-type hinged-sectional working body, the method of a full-factorial experiment was used. It was established that the dominant factor that affects the magnitude of the torque is the frequency of rotation of the working body, but the least influential factor is the bending radius of the flexible screw hinged sectional working body. When changing the frequency of rotation of the working body within the range of 300...800 rpm, the torque increases by 17% for barley and by 18% for technical salt. When the height of lifting the material changes within 1...3 m, the torque increases by 14% for barley and by 16% for technical salt.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130174394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf238
Deniss Brodņevs, M. Hauka, Muharbijs Banovs, G. Strautmanis, Leonids Vinogradovs, Igors Ščukins
Development of measures to reduce the value of vibration velocity and vibration acceleration, arising on various elements of the car, allows to develop vehicles with high ergonomic indicators. Excitation of vibrations, first of all, is connected with different values of irregularities of a road surface, with mechanical parameters of the moving car (weight, rigidity of a suspension etc.), and also with speed of the car. Measurement equipment and vibration sensors during full-scale studies were placed in the car, and in order to reduce the error of the measurement results, the car speed was stabilized before passing the road section, on which the vibration was recorded. As the measuring and recording equipment were used: MMF sensor type KD45, signal amplifier Conditioning Amplifier B&K type 2626 and recording equipment USB Oscilloscope TiePie type HandyScobe HS3. The vibration sensor was attached with a magnet in the luggage compartment of the car near the rear shock strut. The paper contains photos of the road surface, on which the measurements of vibration acceleration and vibration were done, as well as the results of processing the parameters of full-scale measurements of vibration.
{"title":"Research of vibration levels in specific parts of vehicle traveling at varying speed on road with different types of surface","authors":"Deniss Brodņevs, M. Hauka, Muharbijs Banovs, G. Strautmanis, Leonids Vinogradovs, Igors Ščukins","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf238","url":null,"abstract":"Development of measures to reduce the value of vibration velocity and vibration acceleration, arising on various elements of the car, allows to develop vehicles with high ergonomic indicators. Excitation of vibrations, first of all, is connected with different values of irregularities of a road surface, with mechanical parameters of the moving car (weight, rigidity of a suspension etc.), and also with speed of the car. Measurement equipment and vibration sensors during full-scale studies were placed in the car, and in order to reduce the error of the measurement results, the car speed was stabilized before passing the road section, on which the vibration was recorded. As the measuring and recording equipment were used: MMF sensor type KD45, signal amplifier Conditioning Amplifier B&K type 2626 and recording equipment USB Oscilloscope TiePie type HandyScobe HS3. The vibration sensor was attached with a magnet in the luggage compartment of the car near the rear shock strut. The paper contains photos of the road surface, on which the measurements of vibration acceleration and vibration were done, as well as the results of processing the parameters of full-scale measurements of vibration.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124568757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf079
A. Juostas, E. Jotautienė, Gražvydas Juodišius
At present, such smart systems like automatic steering, telemetry and automation of technological processes based on artificial intelligence are widely used in precision agriculture. The biggest challenge for agriculture is how to make optimal use of agricultural machinery and manage the work of the staff. The entire management of a farm can be simplified and facilitated by a telemetry system, otherwise known as a remote monitoring system, for a machine or implement. The analysis of the data obtained by this system provides an opportunity to optimize the business processes. Studies have shown that the use of automatic navigation systems allows the choice of appropriate driving strategies and the avoidance of tillage overlaps or uncultivated areas. Based on the experience of agricultural professionals, the processing of data recorded and stored in the telemetry system is encountered. The main question is how to correctly interpret, analyse and in the future use the information obtained from the yield, fertilization, spraying, soil agrochemical properties maps for making final decisions. For the study, the harvest data collected and stored in the telemetry system of the Claas Lexion combine were selected. The aim of the work is to analyse the winter wheat, spring barley, canola, oats, corn, and beans crop harvest data and show the combine harvester efficiency increasement possibilities. The structural analysis of the collected working time data of the combine harvester was performed by the methods of mathematical statistics. As the telemetry system shows, the grain unloading takes in average 2 minutes. According to these data it could be said that a grain tank unloading during combine run for a 2 min, with average yield of 7 t ha-1 could increase the combine performance by 15%. At the same time, the 2 min drive during grain tank unloading would increase the harvested area by 3.4%.
{"title":"Evaluation of combine harvester performance telemetry data","authors":"A. Juostas, E. Jotautienė, Gražvydas Juodišius","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf079","url":null,"abstract":"At present, such smart systems like automatic steering, telemetry and automation of technological processes based on artificial intelligence are widely used in precision agriculture. The biggest challenge for agriculture is how to make optimal use of agricultural machinery and manage the work of the staff. The entire management of a farm can be simplified and facilitated by a telemetry system, otherwise known as a remote monitoring system, for a machine or implement. The analysis of the data obtained by this system provides an opportunity to optimize the business processes. Studies have shown that the use of automatic navigation systems allows the choice of appropriate driving strategies and the avoidance of tillage overlaps or uncultivated areas. Based on the experience of agricultural professionals, the processing of data recorded and stored in the telemetry system is encountered. The main question is how to correctly interpret, analyse and in the future use the information obtained from the yield, fertilization, spraying, soil agrochemical properties maps for making final decisions. For the study, the harvest data collected and stored in the telemetry system of the Claas Lexion combine were selected. The aim of the work is to analyse the winter wheat, spring barley, canola, oats, corn, and beans crop harvest data and show the combine harvester efficiency increasement possibilities. The structural analysis of the collected working time data of the combine harvester was performed by the methods of mathematical statistics. As the telemetry system shows, the grain unloading takes in average 2 minutes. According to these data it could be said that a grain tank unloading during combine run for a 2 min, with average yield of 7 t ha-1 could increase the combine performance by 15%. At the same time, the 2 min drive during grain tank unloading would increase the harvested area by 3.4%.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122415579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf031
D. Berjoza, I. Jurgena
As fossil energy deposits are exhausted, internal combustion engine vehicles tend to be replaced by electric ones. Electric vehicles have several advantages over internal combustion ones: no exhaust emissions at the site of exploitation, emissions from energy production could be located in less populated areas, emissions are much lower, quieter operation and a two-fold higher efficiency factor of the motor. One of the most significant advantages of operating an electric vehicle in a city is the possibility of energy recovery, which allows the energy regenerated during braking to be charged into the batteries, thus increasing the range. An original research methodology for road testing has been developed and tested. Since regenerative braking usually occurs in parallel with braking by applying the service or friction brakes, it is difficult to determine the maximum amount of energy regenerated, as part of the kinetic energy is also transformed into thermal energy when braking. Therefore, a braking experiment with a converted electric vehicle Renault Clio Electro was performed by braking at different speeds only by means of regenerative braking, using no friction brakes. The experiment was performed in two of the most commonly used gears – second and third. The experiment recorded both the energy consumed to reach a certain speed and the energy returned to the battery during the braking cycle. The highest regenerative braking efficiency was achieved in second gear at a 100% regenerative braking setting, on average 35.1%, yet this regenerative braking setting was difficult to use in real driving conditions due to excessive braking and difficulty in controlling the braking torque and the deceleration of the electric vehicle. Therefore, a regenerative braking setting of no more than 80% is recommended for the experimental prototype in road traffic, reaching a regenerative braking efficiency of 32.5%.
{"title":"Investigation into regeneration regimes for converted electric vehicle in road tests","authors":"D. Berjoza, I. Jurgena","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf031","url":null,"abstract":"As fossil energy deposits are exhausted, internal combustion engine vehicles tend to be replaced by electric ones. Electric vehicles have several advantages over internal combustion ones: no exhaust emissions at the site of exploitation, emissions from energy production could be located in less populated areas, emissions are much lower, quieter operation and a two-fold higher efficiency factor of the motor. One of the most significant advantages of operating an electric vehicle in a city is the possibility of energy recovery, which allows the energy regenerated during braking to be charged into the batteries, thus increasing the range. An original research methodology for road testing has been developed and tested. Since regenerative braking usually occurs in parallel with braking by applying the service or friction brakes, it is difficult to determine the maximum amount of energy regenerated, as part of the kinetic energy is also transformed into thermal energy when braking. Therefore, a braking experiment with a converted electric vehicle Renault Clio Electro was performed by braking at different speeds only by means of regenerative braking, using no friction brakes. The experiment was performed in two of the most commonly used gears – second and third. The experiment recorded both the energy consumed to reach a certain speed and the energy returned to the battery during the braking cycle. The highest regenerative braking efficiency was achieved in second gear at a 100% regenerative braking setting, on average 35.1%, yet this regenerative braking setting was difficult to use in real driving conditions due to excessive braking and difficulty in controlling the braking torque and the deceleration of the electric vehicle. Therefore, a regenerative braking setting of no more than 80% is recommended for the experimental prototype in road traffic, reaching a regenerative braking efficiency of 32.5%.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121039954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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