Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf243
O. Bulgakova
The topicality of the problem of relations between the intelligentsia and the authorities is due to the objective processes in modern education and the reforms that are constantly taking place in higher education. The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship of the scientific and pedagogical intelligentsia with the authorities. The intelligentsia of Soviet Ukraine was dependent on the authorities because the state was the monopoly employer. Control over the scientific and pedagogical intelligentsia and people of creative professions took place through membership in the Communist Party, creative unions, and their further involvement in responsible projects. Due to their publicity the activities of the teaching staff largely depended on loyalty to the Communist Party. The high attention of the authorities to the workers of higher education is also explained by the fact that it was they who actually were the creators of the skilled personnel of almost the entire Soviet intelligentsia. In a state of a totalitarian type the social and professional perspective of each individual was possible only in conditions of political loyalty. The political consciousness of teachers was assessed by the volume of loyal references to the Communist Party and Soviet power in lectures, reports and publications. The teachers’ lectures were stenographed twice a year and tested for loyalty. Also important was the public function of lecturing on current events for the general population in residential areas, houses of culture, etc. In fact, it was a load the rejection of which would be considered as anti-Sovietism. Nevertheless, in these harsh and regulated conditions, in a narrow circle of communication with students, in families, etc. an illegal mass critical view of the intelligentsia on the political system was born, which, after 25 years, grew into an open confrontation and the victory of democracy.
{"title":"Relations between teachers of agricultural and other universities, and authorities of Ukraine during the second half of the 1950s - the middle of the 1960s","authors":"O. Bulgakova","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf243","url":null,"abstract":"The topicality of the problem of relations between the intelligentsia and the authorities is due to the objective processes in modern education and the reforms that are constantly taking place in higher education. The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship of the scientific and pedagogical intelligentsia with the authorities. The intelligentsia of Soviet Ukraine was dependent on the authorities because the state was the monopoly employer. Control over the scientific and pedagogical intelligentsia and people of creative professions took place through membership in the Communist Party, creative unions, and their further involvement in responsible projects. Due to their publicity the activities of the teaching staff largely depended on loyalty to the Communist Party. The high attention of the authorities to the workers of higher education is also explained by the fact that it was they who actually were the creators of the skilled personnel of almost the entire Soviet intelligentsia. In a state of a totalitarian type the social and professional perspective of each individual was possible only in conditions of political loyalty. The political consciousness of teachers was assessed by the volume of loyal references to the Communist Party and Soviet power in lectures, reports and publications. The teachers’ lectures were stenographed twice a year and tested for loyalty. Also important was the public function of lecturing on current events for the general population in residential areas, houses of culture, etc. In fact, it was a load the rejection of which would be considered as anti-Sovietism. Nevertheless, in these harsh and regulated conditions, in a narrow circle of communication with students, in families, etc. an illegal mass critical view of the intelligentsia on the political system was born, which, after 25 years, grew into an open confrontation and the victory of democracy.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"1892 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130032181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf123
Jan Novotný, Š. Michna, Martin Jaskevič, S. Legutko, I. Hren
The change in the dimensions of a component with the change in temperature is described by a quantity called thermal elongation. It is one of the basic properties of every material and it is necessary to take it into account when designing a specific component for a given application. Sometimes higher thermal elongation is considered a positive property, but in most applications, there is an effort to reduce the magnitude of thermal elongation with increasing temperature. Incorrect design can result in component failure or destruction. The following research includes the two most important aluminum sub-eutectic Al-Si alloys, namely AlSi7Mg0.3 and AlSi7Mg0.6 used in the automotive and aerospace industries. They were chosen due to their very good technological and mechanical properties. The silicon content in these alloys is 5-3% by weight. The alloys will be analyzed and their elongation curves will be measured in the temperature range -14 to 400 oC and the morphology of the structure. To further improve the structure, grains and thus the resulting properties, the modification of alloys with strontium or AlSr10, titanium inoculation with AlTi5B1 and, last but not least, heat treatment hardening and subsequently a combination of these individual treatments will be used. Again, a morphological analysis will be performed to determine the changes in the structure after individual treatments and to measure the dilatation of the treated alloys in a given temperature range and to measure the coefficient of thermal elongation. The achieved measured results will be compared to determine the appropriate treatment of alloys to reduce the overall coefficient of thermal elongation, or to reduce the coefficient of thermal elongation for a certain temperature range.
{"title":"Influence of modification of aluminum alloys on their thermal expansion","authors":"Jan Novotný, Š. Michna, Martin Jaskevič, S. Legutko, I. Hren","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf123","url":null,"abstract":"The change in the dimensions of a component with the change in temperature is described by a quantity called thermal elongation. It is one of the basic properties of every material and it is necessary to take it into account when designing a specific component for a given application. Sometimes higher thermal elongation is considered a positive property, but in most applications, there is an effort to reduce the magnitude of thermal elongation with increasing temperature. Incorrect design can result in component failure or destruction. The following research includes the two most important aluminum sub-eutectic Al-Si alloys, namely AlSi7Mg0.3 and AlSi7Mg0.6 used in the automotive and aerospace industries. They were chosen due to their very good technological and mechanical properties. The silicon content in these alloys is 5-3% by weight. The alloys will be analyzed and their elongation curves will be measured in the temperature range -14 to 400 oC and the morphology of the structure. To further improve the structure, grains and thus the resulting properties, the modification of alloys with strontium or AlSr10, titanium inoculation with AlTi5B1 and, last but not least, heat treatment hardening and subsequently a combination of these individual treatments will be used. Again, a morphological analysis will be performed to determine the changes in the structure after individual treatments and to measure the dilatation of the treated alloys in a given temperature range and to measure the coefficient of thermal elongation. The achieved measured results will be compared to determine the appropriate treatment of alloys to reduce the overall coefficient of thermal elongation, or to reduce the coefficient of thermal elongation for a certain temperature range.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130173747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf203
S. Nikolaenko, V. Ivanyshyn, V. Shynkaruk, O. Bulgakova, Lesya Zbaravska, V. Vasileva, Ilmars Dukulis
. The technology of the competency-based approach requires fundamental changes in the organization, content and methodology of the educational process and a shift of emphasis in theoretical training to theoretical and applied, professionally oriented training. This particularly applies to the fundamental disciplines, in particular physics, as the most universal basic discipline. The purpose of this study is to introduce into the educational process of integration-lifelong educational space in engineering education, aimed at the formation and development of different levels and types of professional competencies. The purpose of the research is to study the organization of an integration-lifelong educational space in the engineering education, aimed at the formation and development of various levels and types of professional competencies. A universal methodology for the integration-lifelong organization of the students’ educational activities has been developed. The results of the pedagogical experiment showed an increase in the absolute indicator of the student progress by 9%, which indicates the efficiency of the proposed methodology. There is revealed the influence of the students’ specially organized professionally-oriented activity in physics upon the motivation of learning and professional orientation. In addition, motivation to study physics increased by 7%, professional orientation by 11%. Increase in the students’ levels of educational achievements, the growth of levels of motivation and professional orientation testify to the efficiency and pedagogical expediency of the proposed methodological principles of the integration-lifelong organization of the students’ educational activities.
{"title":"Integration-lifelong educational space in formation of competent agricultural engineer","authors":"S. Nikolaenko, V. Ivanyshyn, V. Shynkaruk, O. Bulgakova, Lesya Zbaravska, V. Vasileva, Ilmars Dukulis","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf203","url":null,"abstract":". The technology of the competency-based approach requires fundamental changes in the organization, content and methodology of the educational process and a shift of emphasis in theoretical training to theoretical and applied, professionally oriented training. This particularly applies to the fundamental disciplines, in particular physics, as the most universal basic discipline. The purpose of this study is to introduce into the educational process of integration-lifelong educational space in engineering education, aimed at the formation and development of different levels and types of professional competencies. The purpose of the research is to study the organization of an integration-lifelong educational space in the engineering education, aimed at the formation and development of various levels and types of professional competencies. A universal methodology for the integration-lifelong organization of the students’ educational activities has been developed. The results of the pedagogical experiment showed an increase in the absolute indicator of the student progress by 9%, which indicates the efficiency of the proposed methodology. There is revealed the influence of the students’ specially organized professionally-oriented activity in physics upon the motivation of learning and professional orientation. In addition, motivation to study physics increased by 7%, professional orientation by 11%. Increase in the students’ levels of educational achievements, the growth of levels of motivation and professional orientation testify to the efficiency and pedagogical expediency of the proposed methodological principles of the integration-lifelong organization of the students’ educational activities.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131869440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf098
Balázs Lőrinc, J. Káposzta
Research on social and economic development and regional competitiveness has long been a high priority area in the social sciences, both domestically and globally. Many dominant international models relate changes in regional competitiveness to the volume of investment, physical capital and improvements in the income situation of citizens. This suggests that the promotion and implementation of investment has the greatest impact on regional development, as it generates technological innovation and innovation in order to raise the skills of the available labour force, employ human resources at higher wages and thus raise living standards. In conclusion, the Hungarian regional competitiveness strategy should help improve the living standards of people living in local areas, so that life can become more attractive in regions that are currently less competitive from an economic point of view and can be considered peripheral. To achieve this goal, it is necessary not only to level out the living standards of those living in these areas and to improve certain competitiveness indicators, but also to change attitudes, so that income levels can be improved and territorial disparities reduced in the future. In this study, in order to show regional development disparities, we examine the population income inequality of the domestic districts (LAU1) for the period 2010-2019. Our aim is to show the income spatial structure and to explore the change in inequalities over time. In addition, in the context of the change in income relations, we delineate the competitive and less competitive income areas of Hungary and their interrelationships.
{"title":"Analysis of regional income inequalities in Hungary between 2010 and 2019","authors":"Balázs Lőrinc, J. Káposzta","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf098","url":null,"abstract":"Research on social and economic development and regional competitiveness has long been a high priority area in the social sciences, both domestically and globally. Many dominant international models relate changes in regional competitiveness to the volume of investment, physical capital and improvements in the income situation of citizens. This suggests that the promotion and implementation of investment has the greatest impact on regional development, as it generates technological innovation and innovation in order to raise the skills of the available labour force, employ human resources at higher wages and thus raise living standards. In conclusion, the Hungarian regional competitiveness strategy should help improve the living standards of people living in local areas, so that life can become more attractive in regions that are currently less competitive from an economic point of view and can be considered peripheral. To achieve this goal, it is necessary not only to level out the living standards of those living in these areas and to improve certain competitiveness indicators, but also to change attitudes, so that income levels can be improved and territorial disparities reduced in the future. In this study, in order to show regional development disparities, we examine the population income inequality of the domestic districts (LAU1) for the period 2010-2019. Our aim is to show the income spatial structure and to explore the change in inequalities over time. In addition, in the context of the change in income relations, we delineate the competitive and less competitive income areas of Hungary and their interrelationships.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128507703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf127
A. Rucins, D. Viesturs, J. Ņečajeva, G. Bundzena, V. Zagorska
A number of methods have been developed and are widely applied to evaluate the production of agricultural crops. These methods generally allow the assessment of technology only from an economic point of view, calculating costs of EUR·ha-1 or EUR·t. To implement the EU green course, there is a need to minimize pesticide use, therefore it is important to evaluate the environmental impact of different methods of pest control. One of the best-known alternatives to herbicides is mechanical weed control. Harrowing and inter-row cultivation were tested during two years in the project. The efficacy of mechanical weed control was good and there was no yield loss when mechanical weed control was combined with a catch crop in field beans, compared to the usual weed control practice where herbicides are used to control weeds in spring. However, there is a concern about additional CO2 emissions created by the mechanical weed control process. It is necessary to evaluate these additional emissions in the context of total CO2 emissions created during the crop production cycle. In this study we take into account (1) the CO2 emissions during the weed control process (2) and the CO2 emissions created during the production, transport, storage and use of machinery, application of fertilisers and plant protection chemicals, burned fuel, and the sowing process. The study evaluated three technologies of weed control in field bean, T1, T2 and T3, with different soil tillage and weed control methods. The most significant difference was between the T2 and T3 technologies. In T2, mechanical weed control, harrowing and interrow cultivation, were used, while in T3 herbicides were used. The amount of fertiliser and most technological operations were the same for all technologies. The results show that for the technology T3 the equated costs are approximately by 9%-11% EUR·ha-1 lower than for technologies T1, T2 with mechanical weed control. The energy investment gap between technologies is small, 5%, while the CO2 equivalent for emission in technology T3 is by 14% lower than in T2 and by 11% lower than in T2. Consequently, the most economically favourable technology is T3 that uses herbicides for weed control. This technology is also the most widely used on the farms. From the point of view of CO2 emissions, fuel, sowing and engineering factors play a major role in the calculation of energy investment and CO2 equivalent emissions, while the herbicide use and fertiliser factors are less important, however, the environmental impact of pesticides is often not taken into account.
{"title":"Assessment of economic indicators, energy inputs and greenhouse gas emissions applying different weed control technologies for field bean (Vicia faba L.) growing: a case study","authors":"A. Rucins, D. Viesturs, J. Ņečajeva, G. Bundzena, V. Zagorska","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf127","url":null,"abstract":"A number of methods have been developed and are widely applied to evaluate the production of agricultural crops. These methods generally allow the assessment of technology only from an economic point of view, calculating costs of EUR·ha-1 or EUR·t. To implement the EU green course, there is a need to minimize pesticide use, therefore it is important to evaluate the environmental impact of different methods of pest control. One of the best-known alternatives to herbicides is mechanical weed control. Harrowing and inter-row cultivation were tested during two years in the project. The efficacy of mechanical weed control was good and there was no yield loss when mechanical weed control was combined with a catch crop in field beans, compared to the usual weed control practice where herbicides are used to control weeds in spring. However, there is a concern about additional CO2 emissions created by the mechanical weed control process. It is necessary to evaluate these additional emissions in the context of total CO2 emissions created during the crop production cycle. In this study we take into account (1) the CO2 emissions during the weed control process (2) and the CO2 emissions created during the production, transport, storage and use of machinery, application of fertilisers and plant protection chemicals, burned fuel, and the sowing process. The study evaluated three technologies of weed control in field bean, T1, T2 and T3, with different soil tillage and weed control methods. The most significant difference was between the T2 and T3 technologies. In T2, mechanical weed control, harrowing and interrow cultivation, were used, while in T3 herbicides were used. The amount of fertiliser and most technological operations were the same for all technologies. The results show that for the technology T3 the equated costs are approximately by 9%-11% EUR·ha-1 lower than for technologies T1, T2 with mechanical weed control. The energy investment gap between technologies is small, 5%, while the CO2 equivalent for emission in technology T3 is by 14% lower than in T2 and by 11% lower than in T2. Consequently, the most economically favourable technology is T3 that uses herbicides for weed control. This technology is also the most widely used on the farms. From the point of view of CO2 emissions, fuel, sowing and engineering factors play a major role in the calculation of energy investment and CO2 equivalent emissions, while the herbicide use and fertiliser factors are less important, however, the environmental impact of pesticides is often not taken into account.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128737794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf088
E. Jotautienė, V. Bivainis, Ramūnas Mieldažys, Aloyzas Gaudutis, A. Jasinskas
. Conventional, intensive farming depletes the soils. In order to preserve yields, mineral fertilizing rates are being raised, which even more is damaging the soil and the environment. One of the ways to contribute to the implementation of the principles of sustainable agriculture is organic fertilizers. Granular manure, meat-and-bone meal, RPK, and other fertilizers are currently widely used. Different fertilizer spreaders can be used to spread the fertilizer: direct spreading, centrifugal, precision. In this work, experimental field fertilizer spreading studies were performed using organic granular cylindrical manure fertilizers with an average diameter of 4.79 mm, length 7.86 mm, and density 1390 kg m -3 . The study was performed using a mounted two-disc centrifugal fertilizer spreader. Two spreading disc blades of different lengths were used to spread the organic fertilizer. Two different fertilizer spreading methods were used in the study: one directional and gradual. When using the fertilizer, the uniformity of spreading was assessed over the entire working width of the spreader according to standardized methodologies. A significant difference was not found between the two driving modes. A typical gradually decreasing trend of the fertilizer weight distribution from the centre of the spreader was obtained. The results showed that as the spread rate of the fertilizer was higher, the distribution was more uniform. Complementing and expanding the possibilities of the experimental research, studies of the dispersion of analogous granules under analogous conditions by the modelling DEM software were performed. The mean of the numerical values was obtained 10% lower than the experimental one. This discrepancy may have been due to the granule properties, environmental parameters, and other factors that were not enough evaluated in the software.
． 传统的集约化耕作耗尽了土壤。为了保持产量，提高了矿物肥料的施肥率，这对土壤和环境造成了更大的破坏。促进可持续农业原则实施的方法之一是使用有机肥料。颗粒肥料、肉骨粉、RPK等肥料目前广泛使用。不同的施肥机可用于施肥:直接施肥、离心式施肥、精密施肥。本研究采用平均直径4.79 mm、长7.86 mm、密度1390 kg m -3的有机粒状柱状有机肥进行田间施肥试验研究。研究采用安装式双盘式离心式撒肥机进行。采用两个不同长度的摊布圆盘叶片进行有机肥的摊布。试验采用了定向施肥法和渐进式施肥法。当使用肥料时，根据标准化的方法在整个撒布机的工作宽度上评估均匀性。两种驱动模式之间没有发现显著差异。得到了典型的从播种机中心开始的肥料重量分布逐渐减少的趋势。结果表明，施肥率越高，土壤分布越均匀。补充和扩展了实验研究的可能性，利用建模DEM软件对类似条件下类似颗粒的分散进行了研究。计算得到的数值平均值比实验值低10%。这种差异可能是由于颗粒特性、环境参数和其他因素在软件中没有得到充分的评估。
{"title":"Experimental and numerical research of granular manure fertilizer application by centrifugal fertilizer spreading","authors":"E. Jotautienė, V. Bivainis, Ramūnas Mieldažys, Aloyzas Gaudutis, A. Jasinskas","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf088","url":null,"abstract":". Conventional, intensive farming depletes the soils. In order to preserve yields, mineral fertilizing rates are being raised, which even more is damaging the soil and the environment. One of the ways to contribute to the implementation of the principles of sustainable agriculture is organic fertilizers. Granular manure, meat-and-bone meal, RPK, and other fertilizers are currently widely used. Different fertilizer spreaders can be used to spread the fertilizer: direct spreading, centrifugal, precision. In this work, experimental field fertilizer spreading studies were performed using organic granular cylindrical manure fertilizers with an average diameter of 4.79 mm, length 7.86 mm, and density 1390 kg m -3 . The study was performed using a mounted two-disc centrifugal fertilizer spreader. Two spreading disc blades of different lengths were used to spread the organic fertilizer. Two different fertilizer spreading methods were used in the study: one directional and gradual. When using the fertilizer, the uniformity of spreading was assessed over the entire working width of the spreader according to standardized methodologies. A significant difference was not found between the two driving modes. A typical gradually decreasing trend of the fertilizer weight distribution from the centre of the spreader was obtained. The results showed that as the spread rate of the fertilizer was higher, the distribution was more uniform. Complementing and expanding the possibilities of the experimental research, studies of the dispersion of analogous granules under analogous conditions by the modelling DEM software were performed. The mean of the numerical values was obtained 10% lower than the experimental one. This discrepancy may have been due to the granule properties, environmental parameters, and other factors that were not enough evaluated in the software.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"218 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134355966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf317
Dmitry Kostrichkin, S. Rudenko, M. Lapkis, A. Atvars
Analog Devices chip AD824 is a low-power single polarity Rail to Rail in exit 4-channel operational amplifier with n-channel FET transistors at the input. Its characteristics allow to use them in various high ohmic detectors for photonics and medicine. The task was to construct an operational amplifier aRD824 that has similar performance characteristics of AD824. For this, AD824 chip and its electric scheme were analyzed, and some of its modules were produced and tested. It appeared that the production line of the producer “Integral” could not produce well FET transistors and thin layer resistors that are used in AD824, which resulted in a high percentage of damaged chips. For this, the modification of electric schemes for various modules of AD824 was proposed. Thin film resistors were proposed to be substituted by ion implantation or diffusion resistors. The input stage module got additional source repeaters. The second stage module was modified to be more symmetric. The output stage module obtained additional resistors and capacitors to achieve a frequency compensation. One FET transistor in the current reference module was substituted by other elements. The performance of modified electric schemes of modules was tested in PSpice software. Simulations of the full electric scheme for aRD824 were made and showed that it demonstrates similar characteristics as AD824 in frequency-gain and signal response tests. The targeted characteristics for aRD824 chip include low voltage noise < 4 μV for 0.1Hz to 10 Hz input, low input bias current < 15 pA, and offset voltage < 0.5 mV.
{"title":"Development of electric scheme for 4-channel low noise rail-to-rail operational amplifier aRD824 based on AD824 prototype","authors":"Dmitry Kostrichkin, S. Rudenko, M. Lapkis, A. Atvars","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf317","url":null,"abstract":"Analog Devices chip AD824 is a low-power single polarity Rail to Rail in exit 4-channel operational amplifier with n-channel FET transistors at the input. Its characteristics allow to use them in various high ohmic detectors for photonics and medicine. The task was to construct an operational amplifier aRD824 that has similar performance characteristics of AD824. For this, AD824 chip and its electric scheme were analyzed, and some of its modules were produced and tested. It appeared that the production line of the producer “Integral” could not produce well FET transistors and thin layer resistors that are used in AD824, which resulted in a high percentage of damaged chips. For this, the modification of electric schemes for various modules of AD824 was proposed. Thin film resistors were proposed to be substituted by ion implantation or diffusion resistors. The input stage module got additional source repeaters. The second stage module was modified to be more symmetric. The output stage module obtained additional resistors and capacitors to achieve a frequency compensation. One FET transistor in the current reference module was substituted by other elements. The performance of modified electric schemes of modules was tested in PSpice software. Simulations of the full electric scheme for aRD824 were made and showed that it demonstrates similar characteristics as AD824 in frequency-gain and signal response tests. The targeted characteristics for aRD824 chip include low voltage noise < 4 μV for 0.1Hz to 10 Hz input, low input bias current < 15 pA, and offset voltage < 0.5 mV.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"335 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134326275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf173
O. Chaikovska, I. Zavadska, M. Ikonnikova, Tetiana Kozina
The ever-growing shortage of engineers in the world job market makes education institutions more responsive to engineering labour needs. Engineering students graduate from the university with the expectation of being able to compete in a global business environment. Foreign language fluency is important for future engineers to excel in their careers and pursue their qualifications in English-speaking countries. The present study sought to examine the efficacy of the Mechanical engineering multiple-choice questions android application and FE engineering exam flashcards as tools for improving the vocabulary size on technical terms and developing the FE test-taking skills. To address these challenges, we used a one-group pretest-posttest design. Fifty college graduates studying ESP in their first year at Higher Education Institution Podillia State University, Ukraine, participated in the study. Pretest and posttest were comprised of two components: Quizlet engineering flashcards (25 terms) and 50 engineering multiple-choice questions. The participants were tested first under the control condition and then under the treatment condition. The technical vocabulary acquisition was measured on a scale from 0 to 12.5. The initial baseline shows an average technical vocabulary acquisition score increased from 4.9 to 8.6. To compare students’ results in engineering multiple-choice questions before and after using the Mechanical engineering application we used Wilcoxon signed rank-sum test. The findings of the study indicate that the empirical value obtained is in the zone of significance. Consequently, the first hypothesis (the group’s academic performance has increased significantly) is accepted. The study offers pedagogical implications for EFL instructors concerning the integration of the Mechanical engineering application and FE engineering exam flashcards to improve the engineering vocabulary size and develop test-taking skills in the FE engineering qualification exam.
世界就业市场上不断增长的工程师短缺使得教育机构对工程劳动力的需求更加敏感。工科学生毕业于这所大学，期望能够在全球商业环境中竞争。流利的外语对未来的工程师在他们的职业生涯中脱颖而出，并在英语国家追求他们的资格很重要。本研究旨在检验机械工程选择题android应用程序和有限元工程考试抽认卡作为提高专业术语词汇量和发展有限元应试技能的工具的有效性。为了应对这些挑战，我们使用了一组前测后测设计。50名在乌克兰波迪利亚州立大学(Podillia State University)学习ESP的大学毕业生参加了这项研究。前测和后测由两个部分组成:小测验工程抽认卡(25个术语)和50个工程选择题。参与者首先在控制条件下进行测试，然后在治疗条件下进行测试。技术词汇习得在0到12.5的范围内进行测量。初始基线显示平均技术词汇习得分数从4.9增加到8.6。为了比较学生在使用机械工程应用程序之前和之后在工程选择题中的成绩，我们使用了Wilcoxon签名秩和检验。研究结果表明，所得经验值在显著范围内。因此，第一个假设(小组的学习成绩显著提高)被接受。本研究为英语教师提供了将机械工程应用与有限元工程考试抽认卡相结合的教学启示，以提高工程词汇量，并在有限元工程资格考试中培养应试技能。
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Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf184
I. Voicea, F. Nenciu, Gabriel Nae, R. Oprescu, C. Moga, V. Arsenoaia
. The global need for food is increasing every year, yet aquaculture production in most countries has stagnated or increased relatively slowly in the last decade. The primary goal is to increase annual production using sustainable aquaculture, delivering many social, economic, and environmental long - term benefits. Closed fish-farming systems are attractive solutions for intensive production, because they can provide favorable development conditions and allow a strong input and output control, avoiding damaging the ecosystems and wild populations. The current study includes a series of experimental investigations related to intensive growth of cyprinids in polyculture system, employing various renewable energy sources in order to provide the daily energy requirement. The research was carried in a high-capacity impermeable concrete pond, covered with a presocratic PVC membrane, equipped with an automatic system for regulating oxygen and food. The energy independence of the fish pool is ensured by a hybrid photovoltaic-wind turbine-diesel system, which helps the optimal growth of fish by maintaining a high-quality of water. Water quality characteristics must be accurate and reliable evaluated in order to ensure a successful and sustainable aquaculture business, using environmentally friendly methods. Without a comprehensive understanding of growth circumstances, fish health may suffer, and incorrect feeding practices may be employed, resulting in unsatisfactory output levels, high input costs, water contamination, and even diseases. The composition of the water from the fishing pond (dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, EC, salts, dissolved solids, nitrates, and so on) had been determined weekly during the tests carried out over a one-year growth cycle. At the same time, the health and development of the fish material were being monitored. Our aim was to analyze different nutrition recipes in order to increase productivity in intensive aquaculture systems. The proposed diet showed very good results, especially for the growth of Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus. Due to the pond covering system, which better preserves the interior heat and provides a more pronounced thermal inertia, all fish species have seen constant growth, even throughout the colder months.
{"title":"Experimental research on intensive aquaculture systems established in closed ponds","authors":"I. Voicea, F. Nenciu, Gabriel Nae, R. Oprescu, C. Moga, V. Arsenoaia","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf184","url":null,"abstract":". The global need for food is increasing every year, yet aquaculture production in most countries has stagnated or increased relatively slowly in the last decade. The primary goal is to increase annual production using sustainable aquaculture, delivering many social, economic, and environmental long - term benefits. Closed fish-farming systems are attractive solutions for intensive production, because they can provide favorable development conditions and allow a strong input and output control, avoiding damaging the ecosystems and wild populations. The current study includes a series of experimental investigations related to intensive growth of cyprinids in polyculture system, employing various renewable energy sources in order to provide the daily energy requirement. The research was carried in a high-capacity impermeable concrete pond, covered with a presocratic PVC membrane, equipped with an automatic system for regulating oxygen and food. The energy independence of the fish pool is ensured by a hybrid photovoltaic-wind turbine-diesel system, which helps the optimal growth of fish by maintaining a high-quality of water. Water quality characteristics must be accurate and reliable evaluated in order to ensure a successful and sustainable aquaculture business, using environmentally friendly methods. Without a comprehensive understanding of growth circumstances, fish health may suffer, and incorrect feeding practices may be employed, resulting in unsatisfactory output levels, high input costs, water contamination, and even diseases. The composition of the water from the fishing pond (dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, EC, salts, dissolved solids, nitrates, and so on) had been determined weekly during the tests carried out over a one-year growth cycle. At the same time, the health and development of the fish material were being monitored. Our aim was to analyze different nutrition recipes in order to increase productivity in intensive aquaculture systems. The proposed diet showed very good results, especially for the growth of Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus. Due to the pond covering system, which better preserves the interior heat and provides a more pronounced thermal inertia, all fish species have seen constant growth, even throughout the colder months.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133518795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf191
A. Pruteanu, I. Voicea, V. Fătu
. Soil pollution is a component that contributes to the increase of environmental pollution. The level of soil pollution is given by its degree of contamination with various pollutants, heavy metals, etc. Because agricultural products in general, respectively fruits and vegetables in this case, extract water and nutrients from the soil to develop, it is necessary to study how a certain degree of soil contamination leads to obtaining crops which contain a percentage of those toxic elements that can produce long-term sickness in people who currently consume such contaminated products. The paper presents the accumulation and transfer of copper from soil to vegetables (radishes and carrots, parsley and spinach leaves), berries (strawberries, black currants) and plums. In the experiments, fertile soil was used in which different amounts of copper sulphate were added (c1 = 33.2 mg·kg -1 , c2 = 72.4 mg·kg -1 , c3 = 265.1 mg·kg -1 , c4 = 378.2 mg·kg -1 ) in four concentrations, taking as reference a sample of uncontaminated soil (c0 = 17.6 mg·kg -1 ). The resulting and well-homogenized soil was added to pots in which vegetable seeds, shrubs and trees in the second year of fruiting were planted. The paper aims to highlight the presence of copper in soils and its accumulation in the vegetative parts of vegetables and fruit consumed by humans. The correct diagnosis of nutritional deficiencies in plants is important in maintaining their growth and development. Excessive accumulation of heavy metals is a danger to the health of the human body.
{"title":"Accumulation of copper in vegetables and fruits","authors":"A. Pruteanu, I. Voicea, V. Fătu","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf191","url":null,"abstract":". Soil pollution is a component that contributes to the increase of environmental pollution. The level of soil pollution is given by its degree of contamination with various pollutants, heavy metals, etc. Because agricultural products in general, respectively fruits and vegetables in this case, extract water and nutrients from the soil to develop, it is necessary to study how a certain degree of soil contamination leads to obtaining crops which contain a percentage of those toxic elements that can produce long-term sickness in people who currently consume such contaminated products. The paper presents the accumulation and transfer of copper from soil to vegetables (radishes and carrots, parsley and spinach leaves), berries (strawberries, black currants) and plums. In the experiments, fertile soil was used in which different amounts of copper sulphate were added (c1 = 33.2 mg·kg -1 , c2 = 72.4 mg·kg -1 , c3 = 265.1 mg·kg -1 , c4 = 378.2 mg·kg -1 ) in four concentrations, taking as reference a sample of uncontaminated soil (c0 = 17.6 mg·kg -1 ). The resulting and well-homogenized soil was added to pots in which vegetable seeds, shrubs and trees in the second year of fruiting were planted. The paper aims to highlight the presence of copper in soils and its accumulation in the vegetative parts of vegetables and fruit consumed by humans. The correct diagnosis of nutritional deficiencies in plants is important in maintaining their growth and development. Excessive accumulation of heavy metals is a danger to the health of the human body.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130549569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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