Applied Energy最新文献_第7页

A novel short-term multi-energy load forecasting method for integrated energy system based on two-layer joint modal decomposition and dynamic optimal ensemble learning 基于双层联合模态分解和动态最优集合学习的新型综合能源系统短期多能源负荷预测方法

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124798

Zhengyang Lin , Tao Lin , Jun Li , Chen Li

Accurate short-term multi-energy load forecasting is the cornerstone for optimal dispatch and stable operation of integrated energy system (IES). However, due to the complexity and coupling inside IES, multi-energy load forecasting faces serious challenges with data nonlinearity and instability, leading to reduced prediction accuracy. To this end, a novel short-term multi-energy load forecasting method for IES based on two-layer joint modal decomposition (TLJMD) and dynamic optimal ensemble (DOE) learning is developed in this paper. Firstly, the TLJMD method is proposed to decompose the nonlinear and nonstationary multi-energy load into several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) to capture the periodicity and regularity within the multi-energy load. Secondly, the uniform information coefficient method is employed to select calendar, meteorological, and coupling feature that exhibit strong correlation with the multi-energy load. Eventually, the DOE model consisting of four base learners and the ensemble weight forecasting model is constructed, the IMFs and selected features are input into the DOE model to achieve the final forecasting results. The proposed method is tested on the publicly available data set from real-world scenario and compared with various forecasting methods to assess its effectiveness and accuracy. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method outperforms other forecasting methods in short-term multi-energy load forecasting for IES, with mean absolute percentage error values of 1.7025 %, 2.2244 %, and 2.3808 % for electric, heating, and cooling load forecasting, respectively.

准确的短期多能源负荷预测是综合能源系统（IES）优化调度和稳定运行的基石。然而，由于综合能源系统内部的复杂性和耦合性，多能源负荷预测面临着数据非线性和不稳定性的严峻挑战，导致预测精度降低。为此，本文开发了一种基于双层联合模态分解（TLJMD）和动态最优集合（DOE）学习的新型 IES 短期多能源负荷预测方法。首先，本文提出了 TLJMD 方法，将非线性、非平稳的多能源负荷分解为多个固有模态函数（IMF），以捕捉多能源负荷内部的周期性和规律性。其次，采用均匀信息系数法选择与多能负荷相关性强的日历、气象和耦合特征。最后，构建由四个基本学习器和集合权重预测模型组成的 DOE 模型，并将 IMF 和所选特征输入 DOE 模型，以获得最终预测结果。所提出的方法在实际场景的公开数据集上进行了测试，并与各种预测方法进行了比较，以评估其有效性和准确性。仿真结果表明，在 IES 的短期多能源负荷预测中，所提出的方法优于其他预测方法，在电力、供热和制冷负荷预测中的平均绝对百分比误差值分别为 1.7025 %、2.2244 % 和 2.3808 %。

{"title":"A novel short-term multi-energy load forecasting method for integrated energy system based on two-layer joint modal decomposition and dynamic optimal ensemble learning","authors":"Zhengyang Lin , Tao Lin , Jun Li , Chen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124798","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate short-term multi-energy load forecasting is the cornerstone for optimal dispatch and stable operation of integrated energy system (IES). However, due to the complexity and coupling inside IES, multi-energy load forecasting faces serious challenges with data nonlinearity and instability, leading to reduced prediction accuracy. To this end, a novel short-term multi-energy load forecasting method for IES based on two-layer joint modal decomposition (TLJMD) and dynamic optimal ensemble (DOE) learning is developed in this paper. Firstly, the TLJMD method is proposed to decompose the nonlinear and nonstationary multi-energy load into several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) to capture the periodicity and regularity within the multi-energy load. Secondly, the uniform information coefficient method is employed to select calendar, meteorological, and coupling feature that exhibit strong correlation with the multi-energy load. Eventually, the DOE model consisting of four base learners and the ensemble weight forecasting model is constructed, the IMFs and selected features are input into the DOE model to achieve the final forecasting results. The proposed method is tested on the publicly available data set from real-world scenario and compared with various forecasting methods to assess its effectiveness and accuracy. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method outperforms other forecasting methods in short-term multi-energy load forecasting for IES, with mean absolute percentage error values of 1.7025 %, 2.2244 %, and 2.3808 % for electric, heating, and cooling load forecasting, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 124798"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resilient energy management of a multi-energy building under low-temperature district heating: A deep reinforcement learning approach 低温区域供热下多能源建筑的弹性能源管理：深度强化学习方法

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124780

Jiawei Wang , Yi Wang , Dawei Qiu , Hanguang Su , Goran Strbac , Zhiwei Gao

The corrective control of a building-level multi-energy system (MES) for emergency load shedding is essential to optimize the operating cost after contingency. For a Danish case, the heating devices in the building are connected to a developing low-temperature district heating (LTDH) system and operated under a heat market. Due to the coupling between the electrical power and heating system, an electricity outage can be propagated to the heating network, and heat prices as well as tariffs can impact the MES operating cost. In the previous studies, only electrical load shedding is modeled, while the impact of electricity outages on heating system operation and heat load control is ignored. On the other hand, the problem is traditionally solved by model-based optimization methods which are highly nonconvex leading to high computing complexity. Moreover, operating uncertainties can lead to infeasible solutions. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a deep reinforcement learning-based corrective control method for the resilient energy management of a building-level MES. In the method, the proximal policy optimization algorithm is applied, where multiple uncertainties, system dynamics, and operating constraints are considered. A case study of a real-life residential building connected to the LTDH system in Denmark is carried out, where electricity outages are simulated. The results verify the performance of the proposed method in achieving resilient energy management of the MES.

对楼宇级多能源系统（MES）进行紧急甩负荷的纠正控制，对于优化突发事件后的运营成本至关重要。在丹麦的一个案例中，建筑物内的供暖设备与正在开发的低温区域供暖系统（LTDH）相连，并在供热市场下运行。由于电力和供热系统之间的耦合关系，停电会传播到供热网络，热价和电价会影响 MES 的运营成本。在以往的研究中，只模拟了电力甩负荷，而忽略了停电对供热系统运行和热负荷控制的影响。另一方面，该问题传统上是通过基于模型的优化方法来解决的，这种方法高度非凸，导致计算复杂度较高。此外，运行的不确定性也会导致解决方案不可行。为了应对这些挑战，本文提出了一种基于深度强化学习的纠正控制方法，用于楼宇级 MES 的弹性能源管理。在该方法中，应用了近端策略优化算法，考虑了多种不确定性、系统动态和运行约束。对丹麦一栋与 LTDH 系统相连的真实住宅楼进行了案例研究，模拟了停电情况。结果验证了所提方法在实现 MES 弹性能源管理方面的性能。

{"title":"Resilient energy management of a multi-energy building under low-temperature district heating: A deep reinforcement learning approach","authors":"Jiawei Wang , Yi Wang , Dawei Qiu , Hanguang Su , Goran Strbac , Zhiwei Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The corrective control of a building-level multi-energy system (MES) for emergency load shedding is essential to optimize the operating cost after contingency. For a Danish case, the heating devices in the building are connected to a developing low-temperature district heating (LTDH) system and operated under a heat market. Due to the coupling between the electrical power and heating system, an electricity outage can be propagated to the heating network, and heat prices as well as tariffs can impact the MES operating cost. In the previous studies, only electrical load shedding is modeled, while the impact of electricity outages on heating system operation and heat load control is ignored. On the other hand, the problem is traditionally solved by model-based optimization methods which are highly nonconvex leading to high computing complexity. Moreover, operating uncertainties can lead to infeasible solutions. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a deep reinforcement learning-based corrective control method for the resilient energy management of a building-level MES. In the method, the proximal policy optimization algorithm is applied, where multiple uncertainties, system dynamics, and operating constraints are considered. A case study of a real-life residential building connected to the LTDH system in Denmark is carried out, where electricity outages are simulated. The results verify the performance of the proposed method in achieving resilient energy management of the MES.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 124780"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of energy–water nexus on single resource system in urban agglomerations: Analysis based on a multiregional network approach 能源-水关系对城市群单一资源系统的影响：基于多区域网络方法的分析

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124781

Qionghong Chen , Yufei Liu , Meirong Su , Yuanchao Hu , Xiujuan Cao , Zhi Dang , Guining Lu

Interaction between energy and water exists widely within a city and among different cities in an urban agglomeration (UA). However, certain issues regarding such interactions (i.e., the energy–water nexus; EWN) remain unclear, e.g., whether and how the EWN affects traditional understanding and management of a regional single-source system. Here, we present a multiregional network approach to analyze a UA from the EWN perspective to assess the impact of the complex interactions within the UA on regional energy and water systems. A nexus network was constructed by modeling EWN flows between the cities and sectors of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) UA. The key sectors and flows within the region were identified based on multidimension ecological network analysis, which synthesized the nature of the system circulation rate, system sustainability, ecological structure, and network dynamics. Results revealed notable changes in the Finn's cycling index and the control/dependency relationships among cities and sectors following inclusion of the nexus, together with marked changes in the system robustness and network structure of the UA. The cycling rates of 21.04 % and 21.42 % for the hybrid energy and water networks, respectively, were higher than those of the single energy (20.71 %) and water (18.29 %) networks. The average system robustness of PRD in the hybrid networks were higher than that of both the energy network (0.346) and water network (0.351). This implies that the EWN contributed to improvement in both the cycling rate and the system robustness of the UA, but the sectoral level also reflected the insufficient interaction of energy and water, especially in relation to the Manufacturing, Electricity and gas supply, and Other services. The nexus effect on the control relationship was mainly concentrated in the internal sectors of the city, but that on the dependence relationship was mainly concentrated between cities. Our findings provide a reference for UAs to improve the efficiency of using water for energy and using energy for water and suggest energy–water collaborative management by considering EWN.

能源与水之间的相互作用广泛存在于城市内部以及城市群（UA）中不同城市之间。然而，有关这种相互作用（即能源与水的关系；EWN）的某些问题仍不清楚，例如，EWN 是否以及如何影响对区域单一水源系统的传统理解和管理。在此，我们提出了一种多区域网络方法，从 EWN 的角度分析一个统一用途区，以评估统一用途区内复杂的相互作用对区域能源和水系统的影响。我们通过模拟珠江三角洲（PRD）区域城市和部门之间的 EWN 流量，构建了一个关系网络。根据多维生态网络分析，综合系统循环速率、系统可持续性、生态结构和网络动态等因素，确定了区域内的关键部门和流量。研究结果表明，在纳入 "纽带 "之后，芬恩循环指数以及城市和部门之间的控制/依赖关系都发生了显著变化，同时统一行政区的系统稳健性和网络结构也发生了明显变化。混合能源网和水网的循环率分别为 21.04 % 和 21.42 %，高于单一能源网（20.71 %）和水网（18.29 %）。混合网络中珠江三角洲的平均系统稳健性高于能源网络（0.346）和水网络（0.351）。这意味着，电网和水网有助于提高普遍获得服务的循环率和系统稳健性，但部门层面也反映出能源和水的互动不足，特别是在制造业、电力和天然气供应以及其他服务方面。对控制关系的关联效应主要集中在城市内部部门，但对依赖关系的关联效应主要集中在城市之间。我们的研究结果为公用事业单位提高以水定能、以能定水的效率提供了参考，并提出了通过考虑能源水网进行能源水协同管理的建议。

{"title":"The effect of energy–water nexus on single resource system in urban agglomerations: Analysis based on a multiregional network approach","authors":"Qionghong Chen , Yufei Liu , Meirong Su , Yuanchao Hu , Xiujuan Cao , Zhi Dang , Guining Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interaction between energy and water exists widely within a city and among different cities in an urban agglomeration (UA). However, certain issues regarding such interactions (i.e., the energy–water nexus; EWN) remain unclear, e.g., whether and how the EWN affects traditional understanding and management of a regional single-source system. Here, we present a multiregional network approach to analyze a UA from the EWN perspective to assess the impact of the complex interactions within the UA on regional energy and water systems. A nexus network was constructed by modeling EWN flows between the cities and sectors of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) UA. The key sectors and flows within the region were identified based on multidimension ecological network analysis, which synthesized the nature of the system circulation rate, system sustainability, ecological structure, and network dynamics. Results revealed notable changes in the Finn's cycling index and the control/dependency relationships among cities and sectors following inclusion of the nexus, together with marked changes in the system robustness and network structure of the UA. The cycling rates of 21.04 % and 21.42 % for the hybrid energy and water networks, respectively, were higher than those of the single energy (20.71 %) and water (18.29 %) networks. The average system robustness of PRD in the hybrid networks were higher than that of both the energy network (0.346) and water network (0.351). This implies that the EWN contributed to improvement in both the cycling rate and the system robustness of the UA, but the sectoral level also reflected the insufficient interaction of energy and water, especially in relation to the Manufacturing, Electricity and gas supply, and Other services. The nexus effect on the control relationship was mainly concentrated in the internal sectors of the city, but that on the dependence relationship was mainly concentrated between cities. Our findings provide a reference for UAs to improve the efficiency of using water for energy and using energy for water and suggest energy–water collaborative management by considering EWN.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 124781"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Model-based thermodynamic analysis of direct air capture units in repurposed power plant cooling towers 基于模型的电厂冷却塔再利用直接空气捕集装置热力学分析

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124668

Robert Sager , Lukas Pehle , Nils Hendrik Petersen , Manfred Wirsum , Jens Hannes

To achieve the climate goals, the energy supply system must be sourced by renewable energy instead of fossil fuels. Nevertheless, hard-to-abate sectors require negative emission technologies (NETs) to counteract their emissions. Thus, NETs play a significant role across all future scenarios considered. Since natural NETs, such as afforestation, exhibit lower scaling potential, technological approaches like Direct Air Capture (DAC) represent promising alternatives. However, DAC faces major drawbacks in terms of high energy demands and high required air mass flows due to the low CO₂ concentration in ambient air (

\sim

400 ppm). This results in elevated costs per captured tonne of CO₂. Interestingly, the infrastructure of thermal power plants shares similarities with components of DAC units, in particular the cooling tower due to its handling of high air mass flows. As countries progressively shut down their coal-fired power plants, there is an opportunity to repurpose existing power plant infrastructure into DAC units.

Thus, this work investigates the opportunities and challenges of repurposing thermal power plant cooling towers as air contactors of DAC units with a potential of several million tonnes of CO₂ captured per year. The investigation focuses on the integration of an absorption-based liquid DAC process into a wet cooling tower. Therefore, the influence of the repurposed geometry of the cooling tower and its internal packing on the operational behavior of the air contactor is analyzed for the cooling towers of the coal power Niederaußem in Germany using a two-film theory-based model. It can be observed that the repurposed geometry of the absorber enables higher air velocities due to lower pressure losses. At the same time, the reduced travel depth in cooling towers causes a lower capture rate than in geometries optimized for DAC, ultimately resulting in 50–150 t

_{{CO}_{2}}

/a per cooling tower. Finally, a sensitivity analysis shows that the effect of the correlations of mass transfer and volume specific surface areas is not negligible.

为了实现气候目标，能源供应系统必须使用可再生能源，而不是化石燃料。然而，难以消减的部门需要负排放技术（NET）来抵消其排放。因此，负排放技术在所有未来情景中都发挥着重要作用。由于植树造林等自然负排放技术的扩展潜力较低，直接空气捕获（DAC）等技术方法是很有前途的替代方法。然而，由于环境空气中的二氧化碳浓度较低（∼400 ppm），DAC 面临着能源需求高和所需空气流量大的主要缺点。这导致每捕获一吨二氧化碳的成本增加。有趣的是，火力发电厂的基础设施与 DAC 机组的组件有相似之处，特别是冷却塔，因为它需要处理高空气质量流量。随着各国逐步关闭燃煤电厂，有机会将现有的电厂基础设施重新利用到 DAC 装置中。因此，这项工作研究了将火力发电厂冷却塔重新利用为 DAC 装置空气接触器的机遇和挑战，该装置每年可捕获数百万吨二氧化碳。调查的重点是将基于吸收的液体 DAC 工艺集成到湿式冷却塔中。因此，我们使用基于双膜理论的模型，分析了德国 Niederaußem 煤电冷却塔的冷却塔重新使用后的几何形状及其内部填料对空气接触器运行行为的影响。结果表明，由于压力损失较低，吸收器的几何形状经过重新设计后可以获得更高的气流速度。与此同时，冷却塔中的行程深度减少，导致捕集率低于为 DAC 优化的几何形状，最终导致每个冷却塔减少 50-150 tCO2/a。最后，敏感性分析表明，传质和体积比表面积的相关性影响不容忽视。

{"title":"Model-based thermodynamic analysis of direct air capture units in repurposed power plant cooling towers","authors":"Robert Sager , Lukas Pehle , Nils Hendrik Petersen , Manfred Wirsum , Jens Hannes","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To achieve the climate goals, the energy supply system must be sourced by renewable energy instead of fossil fuels. Nevertheless, hard-to-abate sectors require negative emission technologies (NETs) to counteract their emissions. Thus, NETs play a significant role across all future scenarios considered. Since natural NETs, such as afforestation, exhibit lower scaling potential, technological approaches like Direct Air Capture (DAC) represent promising alternatives. However, DAC faces major drawbacks in terms of high energy demands and high required air mass flows due to the low CO<sub>2</sub> concentration in ambient air (<span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>400 ppm). This results in elevated costs per captured tonne of CO<sub>2</sub>. Interestingly, the infrastructure of thermal power plants shares similarities with components of DAC units, in particular the cooling tower due to its handling of high air mass flows. As countries progressively shut down their coal-fired power plants, there is an opportunity to repurpose existing power plant infrastructure into DAC units.</div><div>Thus, this work investigates the opportunities and challenges of repurposing thermal power plant cooling towers as air contactors of DAC units with a potential of several million tonnes of CO<sub>2</sub> captured per year. The investigation focuses on the integration of an absorption-based liquid DAC process into a wet cooling tower. Therefore, the influence of the repurposed geometry of the cooling tower and its internal packing on the operational behavior of the air contactor is analyzed for the cooling towers of the coal power Niederaußem in Germany using a two-film theory-based model. It can be observed that the repurposed geometry of the absorber enables higher air velocities due to lower pressure losses. At the same time, the reduced travel depth in cooling towers causes a lower capture rate than in geometries optimized for DAC, ultimately resulting in 50–150 t<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>CO</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></msub></math></span>/a per cooling tower. Finally, a sensitivity analysis shows that the effect of the correlations of mass transfer and volume specific surface areas is not negligible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 124668"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numerical simulation investigation of heat exchangers for active chilled beams based on neural networks and a genetic algorithm 基于神经网络和遗传算法的主动冷梁热交换器数值模拟研究

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124818

Shihao Wen, Jiaxin Zhang, Sumei Liu, Junjie Liu

The indoor thermal environment and air quality are critical components of urban living, making the energy efficiency and performance optimization of air conditioning and mechanical ventilation (ACMV) systems especially important. Active chilled beam systems, recognized for their energy-saving potential, have garnered significant attention. However, while existing investigations have focused primarily on design and control strategies, there has been a lack of in-depth exploration into the structural optimization of heat exchangers within active chilled beams. This investigation utilized computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to examine the effects of fin spacing, tube spacing, and tube shapes on both pressure drop and heat transfer efficiency in heat exchangers. Subsequently, a further analysis was conducted to evaluate how these structural parameters impact the overall cooling capacity of chilled beams. By integrating neural networks and genetic algorithms, the investigation achieved a balance between pressure drop and heat transfer efficiency, resulting in optimal structural parameters to improve the cooling performance of active chilled beams. The results demonstrated that the cooling performance of the chilled beam system with the optimized heat exchanger was significantly improved, reaching a heat transfer rate per unit projected area of 4533.9 W/m², with a cooling performance enhancement of 30.6 %. Under temperature differentials between the heat exchanger and air ranging from 6 K to 22 K, the cooling capacity increased by 26.4–30.6 %.

室内热环境和空气质量是城市生活的重要组成部分，因此空调和机械通风（ACMV）系统的能效和性能优化尤为重要。主动冷梁系统因其节能潜力而备受关注。然而，虽然现有的研究主要集中在设计和控制策略上，但对主动冷梁内热交换器的结构优化却缺乏深入探讨。这项研究利用计算流体动力学（CFD）模拟来研究翅片间距、管间距和管形状对热交换器压降和传热效率的影响。随后，还进行了进一步分析，以评估这些结构参数如何影响冷梁的整体冷却能力。通过整合神经网络和遗传算法，研究实现了压降和传热效率之间的平衡，从而得出了提高主动冷梁冷却性能的最佳结构参数。结果表明，采用优化换热器的冷梁系统冷却性能显著提高，单位投影面积传热率达到 4533.9 W/m2，冷却性能提高了 30.6%。在热交换器和空气之间的温差从 6 K 到 22 K 的范围内，冷却能力提高了 26.4%-30.6%。

{"title":"Numerical simulation investigation of heat exchangers for active chilled beams based on neural networks and a genetic algorithm","authors":"Shihao Wen, Jiaxin Zhang, Sumei Liu, Junjie Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124818","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124818","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The indoor thermal environment and air quality are critical components of urban living, making the energy efficiency and performance optimization of air conditioning and mechanical ventilation (ACMV) systems especially important. Active chilled beam systems, recognized for their energy-saving potential, have garnered significant attention. However, while existing investigations have focused primarily on design and control strategies, there has been a lack of in-depth exploration into the structural optimization of heat exchangers within active chilled beams. This investigation utilized computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to examine the effects of fin spacing, tube spacing, and tube shapes on both pressure drop and heat transfer efficiency in heat exchangers. Subsequently, a further analysis was conducted to evaluate how these structural parameters impact the overall cooling capacity of chilled beams. By integrating neural networks and genetic algorithms, the investigation achieved a balance between pressure drop and heat transfer efficiency, resulting in optimal structural parameters to improve the cooling performance of active chilled beams. The results demonstrated that the cooling performance of the chilled beam system with the optimized heat exchanger was significantly improved, reaching a heat transfer rate per unit projected area of 4533.9 W/m<sup>2</sup>, with a cooling performance enhancement of 30.6 %. Under temperature differentials between the heat exchanger and air ranging from 6 K to 22 K, the cooling capacity increased by 26.4–30.6 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 124818"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Retrofitted CCS technologies enhance economy, security, and equity in achieving carbon zero in power sector 改造后的 CCS 技术可提高经济性、安全性和公平性，实现电力行业的零碳排放

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124803

Wenlong Zhou , Wenrong Fan , Rujia Lan , Wenlong Su , Jing-Li Fan

Retrofitting existing fossil fuel power plants with carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology could reduce carbon emissions while avoiding stranded asset, which will be important in facilitating a just transition of the global power sector. Although some studies have explored the cost-effectiveness and abatement potential of retrofitted CCS technologies, elaborate system modeling of full-chain retrofitted CCS technologies considering multiple technology types requires further research. Here, we developed an hourly-resolution intertemporal dynamic power system optimization model that elaborately considers three retrofitted CCS technologies for coal-fired and gas-fired power plant in addition to eleven power generation technologies and two energy storage technologies and applied it to evaluate the role of retrofitted CCS technologies in achieving carbon neutrality in China's power sector. The results show that, compared with no retrofitted CCS power system, the high development of retrofitted CCS can reduce the future installed capacity and power generation demand of China's power sector by up to 605GW or 10.5 % (in 2040) and 0.17 PWh or 0.9 % (in 2060), respectively. The cumulative system decarbonization costs and electricity supply costs will decrease 6.2–8.2 % and 2.1–2.6 % by 2060, respectively, due to the savings in related costs of newly built plants and reduction in potential power shortages, in addition to avoidance of large coal-fired power stranded assets. The developed model could be a reference for other countries, and in China and perhaps in other economies with coal-dominant power systems, policies advocating the development of retrofitted CCS should be strengthened.

利用碳捕集与封存（CCS）技术改造现有化石燃料发电厂可以减少碳排放，同时避免搁浅资产，这对于促进全球电力行业的公正转型非常重要。尽管一些研究探讨了改造后的 CCS 技术的成本效益和减排潜力，但考虑到多种技术类型，对全链改造后的 CCS 技术进行详细的系统建模还需要进一步研究。在此，我们建立了一个小时分辨率的跨时空动态电力系统优化模型，详细考虑了燃煤电厂和燃气电厂的三种改造CCS技术，以及11种发电技术和两种储能技术，并应用该模型评估了改造CCS技术在实现中国电力行业碳中和中的作用。结果表明，与没有改造CCS的电力系统相比，改造CCS的高度发展可使中国电力行业未来的装机容量和发电需求分别减少605GW或10.5%（2040年）和0.17PWh或0.9%（2060年）。到 2060 年，由于新建电厂相关成本的节省和潜在电力短缺的减少，系统脱碳成本和电力供应成本将分别累计下降 6.2-8.2% 和 2.1-2.6%，此外还可避免大型燃煤发电搁浅资产。所开发的模型可为其他国家提供参考，在中国，或许在其他以煤电为主的经济体，应加强提倡发展改造型 CCS 的政策。

{"title":"Retrofitted CCS technologies enhance economy, security, and equity in achieving carbon zero in power sector","authors":"Wenlong Zhou , Wenrong Fan , Rujia Lan , Wenlong Su , Jing-Li Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Retrofitting existing fossil fuel power plants with carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology could reduce carbon emissions while avoiding stranded asset, which will be important in facilitating a just transition of the global power sector. Although some studies have explored the cost-effectiveness and abatement potential of retrofitted CCS technologies, elaborate system modeling of full-chain retrofitted CCS technologies considering multiple technology types requires further research. Here, we developed an hourly-resolution intertemporal dynamic power system optimization model that elaborately considers three retrofitted CCS technologies for coal-fired and gas-fired power plant in addition to eleven power generation technologies and two energy storage technologies and applied it to evaluate the role of retrofitted CCS technologies in achieving carbon neutrality in China's power sector. The results show that, compared with no retrofitted CCS power system, the high development of retrofitted CCS can reduce the future installed capacity and power generation demand of China's power sector by up to 605GW or 10.5 % (in 2040) and 0.17 PWh or 0.9 % (in 2060), respectively. The cumulative system decarbonization costs and electricity supply costs will decrease 6.2–8.2 % and 2.1–2.6 % by 2060, respectively, due to the savings in related costs of newly built plants and reduction in potential power shortages, in addition to avoidance of large coal-fired power stranded assets. The developed model could be a reference for other countries, and in China and perhaps in other economies with coal-dominant power systems, policies advocating the development of retrofitted CCS should be strengthened.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 124803"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

City-scale information modelling for urban energy resilience with optimal battery energy storages in Hong Kong 在香港建立城市规模的信息模型，利用最佳电池储能实现城市能源复原力

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124813

Dazhou Ping , Chaosu Li , Xiaojun Yu , Zhengxuan Liu , Ran Tu , Yuekuan Zhou

Climate change and extreme weather events are imposing threats to city power systems with regional power shortages. To enhance urban power system's resilience amid climate change, photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage systems (BESS) are crucial for maintaining self-sufficient power during outages. However, the optimal installation location and capacity sizing of BESS remain uncertain when considering multi-criteria, including safety, energy flexibility, accessibility and energy resilience. This study proposes a new approach, i.e., Geographic Information System (GIS) integrated with Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) and capacitated p-median problem, to identify optimal installation locations and capacity allocation of BESS. This approach comprehensively considers geographical conditions (such as slope, land use, open space), safety, energy flexibility, accessibility and energy resilience, while accounting for the entire distribution network's granularity, intermittent solar supply, and unstable electricity demand. The methodology can guide the optimal BESS siting and sizing for energy resilience under future climate change and associated extreme weather events. Results indicate that suitable installation locations based on the proposed GIS-MCDM method are concentrated in central and southern regions in Yau Tsim Mong. Subsequently, BESS with the optimal and specific installation location and capacity allocation is in districts with high electricity demand and favourable safety geographical conditions. Compared to BESS without GIS-MCDM, the optimal BESS deployment with GIS-MCDM decreases the power shortage from 13,184 MWh to 12,931 MWh. Additionally, it increases the maximum power shortage reduction density from 176.04 kWh/m² to 364.2 kWh/m², and the area with a power shortage reduction above 100 kWh/m² expands from 1.24 × 10⁵ m² to 2.17 × 10⁵ m². This study contributes a new approach to determine optimal BESS installation locations and capacity allocation in urban-scale information modelling, planning and deployment, with frontier guidelines for system designers and urban planners to collaboratively develop resilience and survivability of urban power systems under extreme events.

气候变化和极端天气事件对城市电力系统造成威胁，导致区域性电力短缺。为了提高城市电力系统在气候变化中的适应能力，光伏发电（PV）和电池储能系统（BESS）对于在停电期间保持电力自给自足至关重要。然而，在考虑安全性、能源灵活性、可及性和能源复原力等多重标准时，BESS 的最佳安装位置和容量大小仍不确定。本研究提出了一种新方法，即地理信息系统（GIS）与多标准决策（MCDM）和有容量的 p-median 问题相结合，以确定 BESS 的最佳安装位置和容量分配。该方法综合考虑了地理条件（如坡度、土地利用、空地）、安全性、能源灵活性、可达性和能源弹性，同时考虑了整个配电网络的粒度、间歇性太阳能供应和不稳定的电力需求。该方法可指导在未来气候变化和相关极端天气事件下，优化 BESS 的选址和规模，以提高能源复原力。结果表明，根据所提出的 GIS-MCDM 方法，合适的安装地点集中在油尖旺的中部和南部地区。因此，具有最佳和特定安装位置和容量分配的 BESS 位于电力需求量大且安全地理条件有利的地区。与不使用 GIS-MCDM 的 BESS 相比，使用 GIS-MCDM 的最佳 BESS 部署可将电力缺口从 13 184 MWh 减少到 12 931 MWh。此外，最大电力短缺减少密度从 176.04 kWh/m2 增加到 364.2 kWh/m2，电力短缺减少超过 100 kWh/m2 的面积从 1.24 × 105 m2 扩大到 2.17 × 105 m2。这项研究为在城市尺度信息建模、规划和部署中确定最佳 BESS 安装位置和容量分配提供了一种新方法，为系统设计者和城市规划者合作开发极端事件下城市电力系统的弹性和生存能力提供了前沿指南。

{"title":"City-scale information modelling for urban energy resilience with optimal battery energy storages in Hong Kong","authors":"Dazhou Ping , Chaosu Li , Xiaojun Yu , Zhengxuan Liu , Ran Tu , Yuekuan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change and extreme weather events are imposing threats to city power systems with regional power shortages. To enhance urban power system's resilience amid climate change, photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage systems (BESS) are crucial for maintaining self-sufficient power during outages. However, the optimal installation location and capacity sizing of BESS remain uncertain when considering multi-criteria, including safety, energy flexibility, accessibility and energy resilience. This study proposes a new approach, i.e., Geographic Information System (GIS) integrated with Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) and capacitated p-median problem, to identify optimal installation locations and capacity allocation of BESS. This approach comprehensively considers geographical conditions (such as slope, land use, open space), safety, energy flexibility, accessibility and energy resilience, while accounting for the entire distribution network's granularity, intermittent solar supply, and unstable electricity demand. The methodology can guide the optimal BESS siting and sizing for energy resilience under future climate change and associated extreme weather events. Results indicate that suitable installation locations based on the proposed GIS-MCDM method are concentrated in central and southern regions in Yau Tsim Mong. Subsequently, BESS with the optimal and specific installation location and capacity allocation is in districts with high electricity demand and favourable safety geographical conditions. Compared to BESS without GIS-MCDM, the optimal BESS deployment with GIS-MCDM decreases the power shortage from 13,184 MWh to 12,931 MWh. Additionally, it increases the maximum power shortage reduction density from 176.04 kWh/m<sup>2</sup> to 364.2 kWh/m<sup>2</sup>, and the area with a power shortage reduction above 100 kWh/m<sup>2</sup> expands from 1.24 × 10<sup>5</sup> m<sup>2</sup> to 2.17 × 10<sup>5</sup> m<sup>2</sup>. This study contributes a new approach to determine optimal BESS installation locations and capacity allocation in urban-scale information modelling, planning and deployment, with frontier guidelines for system designers and urban planners to collaboratively develop resilience and survivability of urban power systems under extreme events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 124813"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigations of diesel and natural gas injection interaction on combustion characteristics of a high-pressure direct-injection dual-fuel engine based on large eddy simulation 基于大涡模拟的柴油和天然气喷射对高压直喷双燃料发动机燃烧特性的相互作用研究

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124807

Zifan Lian , Wei Li , Yanbin Cai , Houchang Chen , Junxin Jiang , Guoxiang Li , Feiyang Zhao , Wenbin Yu

HPDI (high-pressure direct-injection) with pilot ignition is modern technology developed for heavy-duty natural gas engines. The dynamics of coherent flow structures due to diesel and natural gas jet play a significant role on ignition characteristics. In this study, a large eddy simulation (LES) framework coupled with chemistry solver is conducted for three-dimensional modelling of the thermal process of a HPDI engine. By integrating the Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) algorithm, the break-up and attenuation process of unstable flow structures accompanied by different scale vortex formation and dissipation is able to be effectively demonstrated from fuel jet. The prime in-cylinder flow field structures from natural gas injection to its ignition is characterized by the vortex entrainment phenomenon resulting from the impingement between the natural gas jet and active products from diesel combustion. This phenomenon leads to enhanced heat transfer and exchange of active radicals by which the ignition of the natural gas is therefore facilitated, especially when angle β (the intersection angle between diesel and nature gas jet) is decreased. Moreover, the present study extends the ability of reaction-rate based global pathway analysis to evaluate the reactivity of OH additions to CH₄/air mixture. In summary, the interactive dual fuel turbulent combustion process of the HPDI engine is theoretically elucidated, wherein the synergetic kinetics of vortex entrainment-mixing and chemical reaction facilitate the ignition of low reactivity natural gas.

带先导点火的 HPDI（高压直喷）是为重型天然气发动机开发的现代技术。柴油和天然气喷射造成的相干流结构动力学对点火特性起着重要作用。在本研究中，大涡模拟（LES）框架与化学求解器相结合，对 HPDI 发动机的热过程进行了三维建模。通过集成动态模式分解（DMD）算法，从燃料喷射中有效地展示了不稳定流动结构的破裂和衰减过程，以及不同尺度涡流的形成和消散。从天然气喷射到点火的主要气缸内流场结构的特点是天然气射流与柴油燃烧产生的活性产物之间的撞击导致的涡流夹带现象。这种现象加强了热传导和活性基的交换，从而促进了天然气的点燃，尤其是当角度 β（柴油与天然气射流的交角）减小时。此外，本研究还扩展了基于反应速率的全局路径分析能力，以评估 OH 添加到 CH4/空气混合物中的反应性。总之，本研究从理论上阐明了 HPDI 发动机的交互式双燃料湍流燃烧过程，其中涡流夹带混合和化学反应的协同动力学促进了低反应活性天然气的点燃。

{"title":"Investigations of diesel and natural gas injection interaction on combustion characteristics of a high-pressure direct-injection dual-fuel engine based on large eddy simulation","authors":"Zifan Lian , Wei Li , Yanbin Cai , Houchang Chen , Junxin Jiang , Guoxiang Li , Feiyang Zhao , Wenbin Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>HPDI (high-pressure direct-injection) with pilot ignition is modern technology developed for heavy-duty natural gas engines. The dynamics of coherent flow structures due to diesel and natural gas jet play a significant role on ignition characteristics. In this study, a large eddy simulation (LES) framework coupled with chemistry solver is conducted for three-dimensional modelling of the thermal process of a HPDI engine. By integrating the Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) algorithm, the break-up and attenuation process of unstable flow structures accompanied by different scale vortex formation and dissipation is able to be effectively demonstrated from fuel jet. The prime in-cylinder flow field structures from natural gas injection to its ignition is characterized by the vortex entrainment phenomenon resulting from the impingement between the natural gas jet and active products from diesel combustion. This phenomenon leads to enhanced heat transfer and exchange of active radicals by which the ignition of the natural gas is therefore facilitated, especially when angle β (the intersection angle between diesel and nature gas jet) is decreased. Moreover, the present study extends the ability of reaction-rate based global pathway analysis to evaluate the reactivity of OH additions to CH<sub>4</sub>/air mixture. In summary, the interactive dual fuel turbulent combustion process of the HPDI engine is theoretically elucidated, wherein the synergetic kinetics of vortex entrainment-mixing and chemical reaction facilitate the ignition of low reactivity natural gas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 124807"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimizing energy storage capacity for enhanced resilience: The case of offshore wind farms 优化储能能力，提高复原力：海上风电场案例

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124718

Weijie Pan, Ekundayo Shittu

This paper investigates the influence of different configurations of the offshore wind farms (OWF) network on the optimal capacities of battery energy storage systems (BESS) in the face of high-impact low-probability (HILP) events that cause short- to medium-term outages. Large-scale OWFs have garnered increasing attention from investors due to their smaller land footprint and higher energy production potential. However, the external environment, the internal installation, and the long distance from the onshore facilities pose significant challenges to the operations of the OWFs and the stability of the energy supply. These factors render systems highly susceptible to HILP contingencies, while timely post-disaster management, such as addressing subsea transmission cable failures, is challenging. Although BESS has long been considered a viable strategy to improve the resilience of the system, the decision-making process to determine the optimal BESS capacity is underexplored. This is more pronounced when considering the diverse OWF topologies that can significantly impact energy supply efficiency and, consequently, impact the stable operation of BESS. This study employs a methodology based on sequential “planning + operational” modeling approach that integrates Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC), an optimal OWF network configuration algorithm, a stochastic system failure scenario generation approach, and an optimal BESS capacity model. Comprehensive profiles of optimal BESS capacity are derived corresponding to different clustering levels. Applying the proposed model to three different OWF cases derived the optimal BESS capacity, balancing resilience enhancement and economic considerations. In the context of the modeling settings in this study, this optimal capacity is approximately 16% of the daily electricity generation at full capacity, excluding the capacity factor. Optimal BESS capacity not only standardizes and facilitates the design process of more resilient OWFs to short- and medium-term system failures, but also provides policymakers with a basis to consider and implement strategies to coordinate the use of OWF energy and other available power generation technologies in the market. This study bridges the research gap between OWF topology studies and discussions on system resilience while shedding light on the relationship between optimal BESS capacities and the ideal number of clusters.

本文研究了在高影响低概率（HILP）事件导致中短期停电的情况下，海上风电场（OWF）网络的不同配置对电池储能系统（BESS）最佳容量的影响。大规模 OWF 因其较小的占地面积和较高的能源生产潜力而日益受到投资者的关注。然而，外部环境、内部安装以及与陆上设施的距离较远，都对海上风电场的运行和能源供应的稳定性构成了巨大挑战。这些因素导致系统极易受到 HILP 突发事件的影响，而及时的灾后管理（如处理海底输电电缆故障）也极具挑战性。虽然 BESS 长期以来一直被认为是提高系统恢复能力的可行策略，但对确定最佳 BESS 容量的决策过程却缺乏深入探讨。当考虑到多种多样的 OWF 拓扑结构时，这种情况就更加明显，因为这些拓扑结构会严重影响能源供应效率，进而影响 BESS 的稳定运行。本研究采用了一种基于 "规划 + 运行 "顺序建模方法，该方法集成了聚合分层聚类（AHC）、最佳 OWF 网络配置算法、随机系统故障情景生成方法和最佳 BESS 容量模型。得出了与不同聚类水平相对应的最佳 BESS 容量综合概况。将所提出的模型应用于三种不同的 OWF 案例，得出了最佳 BESS 容量，同时兼顾了弹性增强和经济因素。在本研究的建模设置中，最佳容量约为满负荷日发电量的 16%（不包括容量因子）。最佳 BESS 容量不仅规范和促进了设计更能抵御中短期系统故障的开放式风能发电设备的过程，还为政策制定者提供了考虑和实施协调使用开放式风能发电设备能源和市场上其他可用发电技术的战略的基础。本研究弥补了 OWF 拓扑研究与系统恢复能力讨论之间的研究空白，同时阐明了最佳 BESS 容量与理想集群数量之间的关系。

{"title":"Optimizing energy storage capacity for enhanced resilience: The case of offshore wind farms","authors":"Weijie Pan, Ekundayo Shittu","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the influence of different configurations of the offshore wind farms (OWF) network on the optimal capacities of battery energy storage systems (BESS) in the face of high-impact low-probability (HILP) events that cause short- to medium-term outages. Large-scale OWFs have garnered increasing attention from investors due to their smaller land footprint and higher energy production potential. However, the external environment, the internal installation, and the long distance from the onshore facilities pose significant challenges to the operations of the OWFs and the stability of the energy supply. These factors render systems highly susceptible to HILP contingencies, while timely post-disaster management, such as addressing subsea transmission cable failures, is challenging. Although BESS has long been considered a viable strategy to improve the resilience of the system, the decision-making process to determine the optimal BESS capacity is underexplored. This is more pronounced when considering the diverse OWF topologies that can significantly impact energy supply efficiency and, consequently, impact the stable operation of BESS. This study employs a methodology based on sequential “planning + operational” modeling approach that integrates Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC), an optimal OWF network configuration algorithm, a stochastic system failure scenario generation approach, and an optimal BESS capacity model. Comprehensive profiles of optimal BESS capacity are derived corresponding to different clustering levels. Applying the proposed model to three different OWF cases derived the optimal BESS capacity, balancing resilience enhancement and economic considerations. In the context of the modeling settings in this study, this optimal capacity is approximately 16% of the daily electricity generation at full capacity, excluding the capacity factor. Optimal BESS capacity not only standardizes and facilitates the design process of more resilient OWFs to short- and medium-term system failures, but also provides policymakers with a basis to consider and implement strategies to coordinate the use of OWF energy and other available power generation technologies in the market. This study bridges the research gap between OWF topology studies and discussions on system resilience while shedding light on the relationship between optimal BESS capacities and the ideal number of clusters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 124718"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of business cycles on energy poverty: Exploring the significance with sustainable development goals in newly industrialized economies 商业周期对能源贫困的影响：探索新兴工业化经济体可持续发展目标的意义

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124777

Rizwana Yasmeen , Wasi Ul Hassan Shah

Energy poverty is a key barrier to achieving SDG 7, which targets full access to affordable and sustainable energy by 2030. Thus, the study utilized the Complementary Percentage Method to track the energy poverty rate in electricity and clean fuel energy for rural and urban areas in NICs from (2000−2021). Subsequently, the study expanded to examine the impact of business cycles on energy poverty in NIC economies. Christiano-Fitzgerald filter and Hodrick-Prescott filter are used to measure the business cycle phases. The findings show that though most NICs have achieved full electricity access, significant disparities remain, particularly in rural areas where millions still lack access to both electricity and clean cooking fuels. Using System-GMM and IV-GMM, the study finds that business cycles, especially recessions, worsen energy poverty in NICs. Economic expansion cycles positively impact energy access and reduce energy poverty. Innovations and investments in the energy sector emerge as positive influencers in alleviating energy poverty. Also, the business cycle reduced renewable energy consumption. Findings indicate that countries with strong governance, effective regulation, rule of law, and control of corruption measures are more successful in reducing energy poverty. The additional transmission estimators reaffirmed findings; income inequality, energy intensity, unemployment and GDP per capita support the outcomes of business cycles' benchmark model. These findings highlight the need for investment in energy infrastructure and targeted policies to close the rural-urban energy gap, particularly for clean cooking fuels, to meet SDGs7.

能源贫困是实现可持续发展目标 7 的主要障碍，该目标的具体目标是到 2030 年全面普及负担得起的可持续能源。因此，本研究采用了互补百分比法来跟踪新工业化国家（2000-2021 年）农村和城市地区的电力和清洁燃料能源贫困率。随后，研究扩展到了商业周期对新工业化国家经济体能源贫困的影响。研究使用 Christiano-Fitzgerald 滤波器和 Hodrick-Prescott 滤波器来衡量商业周期阶段。研究结果表明，虽然大多数新工业化国家已经实现了全面通电，但仍然存在巨大差距，特别是在农村地区，数百万人仍然无法获得电力和清洁烹饪燃料。通过使用系统-伽马计量法（System-GMM）和IV-伽马计量法（IV-GMM），研究发现商业周期，尤其是经济衰退会加剧新工业化国家的能源贫困。经济扩张周期对能源获取和减少能源贫困有积极影响。能源行业的创新和投资对缓解能源贫困有积极影响。此外，商业周期也减少了可再生能源的消耗。研究结果表明，拥有强有力的治理、有效的监管、法治和腐败控制措施的国家在减少能源贫困方面更为成功。额外的传导估计值再次证实了研究结果；收入不平等、能源强度、失业率和人均国内生产总值支持商业周期基准模型的结果。这些发现突出表明，为实现可持续发展目标7，有必要投资能源基础设施和制定有针对性的政策，以缩小城乡能源差距，特别是清洁烹饪燃料方面的差距。

{"title":"Impact of business cycles on energy poverty: Exploring the significance with sustainable development goals in newly industrialized economies","authors":"Rizwana Yasmeen , Wasi Ul Hassan Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy poverty is a key barrier to achieving SDG 7, which targets full access to affordable and sustainable energy by 2030. Thus, the study utilized the Complementary Percentage Method to track the energy poverty rate in electricity and clean fuel energy for rural and urban areas in NICs from (2000−2021). Subsequently, the study expanded to examine the impact of business cycles on energy poverty in NIC economies. Christiano-Fitzgerald filter and Hodrick-Prescott filter are used to measure the business cycle phases. The findings show that though most NICs have achieved full electricity access, significant disparities remain, particularly in rural areas where millions still lack access to both electricity and clean cooking fuels. Using System-GMM and IV-GMM, the study finds that business cycles, especially recessions, worsen energy poverty in NICs. Economic expansion cycles positively impact energy access and reduce energy poverty. Innovations and investments in the energy sector emerge as positive influencers in alleviating energy poverty. Also, the business cycle reduced renewable energy consumption. Findings indicate that countries with strong governance, effective regulation, rule of law, and control of corruption measures are more successful in reducing energy poverty. The additional transmission estimators reaffirmed findings; income inequality, energy intensity, unemployment and GDP per capita support the outcomes of business cycles' benchmark model. These findings highlight the need for investment in energy infrastructure and targeted policies to close the rural-urban energy gap, particularly for clean cooking fuels, to meet SDGs7.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 124777"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0