Pub Date : 2026-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166250
Jiacheng Zhang, Huabing Wang, Xianlin Wang, Youbang Ye, Bin Xu, Diantang Zhang, Yang Jin
Fiber-shaped strain sensors with high stretchability and stable electrical performance are highly desirable for wearable and soft electronic applications. In this work, a spiral-coated fiber strain sensor based on a CNT/graphene hybrid conductive network is developed using a core–shell structural design. Benefiting from the synergistic conductive network and interfacial engineering, the ESF sensor exhibits a wide working strain range of 0–200% (up to 300% limit strain), a gauge factor of approximately 9.0, fast response and recovery times of ∼200 ms and ∼190 ms, respectively, and stable sensing performance over 10,000 stretching cycles. Moreover, a programmable two-stage failure behavior is achieved through interfacial design, enabling sequential electrical and mechanical failure rather than abrupt breakdown. These features make the proposed fiber sensor promising for wearable electronics and soft sensing systems.
{"title":"Interfacial engineering of biomimetic Euler spiral fiber toward high-performance flexible strain sensors","authors":"Jiacheng Zhang, Huabing Wang, Xianlin Wang, Youbang Ye, Bin Xu, Diantang Zhang, Yang Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166250","url":null,"abstract":"Fiber-shaped strain sensors with high stretchability and stable electrical performance are highly desirable for wearable and soft electronic applications. In this work, a spiral-coated fiber strain sensor based on a CNT/graphene hybrid conductive network is developed using a core–shell structural design. Benefiting from the synergistic conductive network and interfacial engineering, the ESF sensor exhibits a wide working strain range of 0–200% (up to 300% limit strain), a gauge factor of approximately 9.0, fast response and recovery times of ∼200 ms and ∼190 ms, respectively, and stable sensing performance over 10,000 stretching cycles. Moreover, a programmable two-stage failure behavior is achieved through interfacial design, enabling sequential electrical and mechanical failure rather than abrupt breakdown. These features make the proposed fiber sensor promising for wearable electronics and soft sensing systems.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"307 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166253
Young Geun Song, In-Hwan Baek, Gwang Su Kim, Suk Yeop Chun, Sung Kwang Lee, Taek-Mo Chung, Young-Seok Shim, Chong-Yun Kang
Two-dimensional (2D) materials are promising candidates for room-temperature gas sensing because their ultrathin channels enable surface band bending to modulate a large fraction of the conduction current. Despite extensive material and device engineering, most 2D-based sensors still suffer from incomplete signal recovery and baseline drift. Here, we present a humidity-mediated gas-sensing strategy based on randomly oriented two-dimensional SnS2 nanoplates grown by atomic layer deposition. The sensing mechanism is proposed as a cascade process involving proton conduction through hydrogen-bonded networks on the SnS2 surface, analyte-induced disruption of these pathways, and water-assisted signal recovery. Experimental results demonstrate ideal NO2 sensing performance at relative humidity levels above 40%, with an excellent detection limit of 114.8 ppt and rapid recovery within 1 min at room temperature. Joint modulation of electrical bias and humidity enables tunable NO2 responses and maintains signal variation within ±5% of the mean over a relative humidity range of 40–80% as the bias is adjusted from 0.5 to 3 V. The sensor also exhibits excellent selectivity toward NO2, with minimal responses to interfering gases. These results suggest that humidity-mediated sensing offers a practical and effective pathway for developing high-performance room-temperature gas sensors
{"title":"Humidity-mediated room-temperature NO2 sensing using 2D SnS2 nanoplates","authors":"Young Geun Song, In-Hwan Baek, Gwang Su Kim, Suk Yeop Chun, Sung Kwang Lee, Taek-Mo Chung, Young-Seok Shim, Chong-Yun Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166253","url":null,"abstract":"Two-dimensional (2D) materials are promising candidates for room-temperature gas sensing because their ultrathin channels enable surface band bending to modulate a large fraction of the conduction current. Despite extensive material and device engineering, most 2D-based sensors still suffer from incomplete signal recovery and baseline drift. Here, we present a humidity-mediated gas-sensing strategy based on randomly oriented two-dimensional SnS<sub>2</sub> nanoplates grown by atomic layer deposition. The sensing mechanism is proposed as a cascade process involving proton conduction through hydrogen-bonded networks on the SnS<sub>2</sub> surface, analyte-induced disruption of these pathways, and water-assisted signal recovery. Experimental results demonstrate ideal NO<sub>2</sub> sensing performance at relative humidity levels above 40%, with an excellent detection limit of 114.8 ppt and rapid recovery within 1 min at room temperature. Joint modulation of electrical bias and humidity enables tunable NO<sub>2</sub> responses and maintains signal variation within ±5% of the mean over a relative humidity range of 40–80% as the bias is adjusted from 0.5 to 3 V. The sensor also exhibits excellent selectivity toward NO<sub>2</sub>, with minimal responses to interfering gases. These results suggest that humidity-mediated sensing offers a practical and effective pathway for developing high-performance room-temperature gas sensors","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"135 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166248
Bo Ouyang, Feiya Yu, Yuechuan Du, Siyu Liu, Erjun Kan, Rajdeep Singh Rawat
Plasma-substrate interactions have attracted considerable attention for their potential in optimizing surface structure modulation. However, most studies focus on initial discharge parameters, while the fundamental influence of plasma environment on the intrinsic properties of the substrate during processing has been largely overlooked, limiting the precision of surface structural control. Here, we report a novel phenomenon: the ferromagnetism collapse of metallic Ni during low-pressure glow discharge plasma processing. The intrinsic ferromagnetic behavior of Ni is transformed into the diamagnetic state during plasma processing and it is reversed back to ferromagnetic state once the plasma is switched off. Such transition in magnetic behavior of Ni is observed under N2, O2 and H2 plasma environments. Through the combination of operando plasma diagnostics and numerical simulations, it is demonstrated that reactive species in different plasmas are adsorbed on substrate surface under the confinement of plasma sheath. Such adsorption significantly reduces the ferromagnetic stability of Ni, leading to the ferromagnetism collapse. Such discovery provides new insights into plasma-substrate interactions and offers a comprehensive scientific basis for understanding and controlling the surface magnetic properties of Ni during plasma processing.
{"title":"Ferromagnetism collapse of Ni during radio-frequency glow discharge plasma","authors":"Bo Ouyang, Feiya Yu, Yuechuan Du, Siyu Liu, Erjun Kan, Rajdeep Singh Rawat","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166248","url":null,"abstract":"Plasma-substrate interactions have attracted considerable attention for their potential in optimizing surface structure modulation. However, most studies focus on initial discharge parameters, while the fundamental influence of plasma environment on the intrinsic properties of the substrate during processing has been largely overlooked, limiting the precision of surface structural control. Here, we report a novel phenomenon: the ferromagnetism collapse of metallic Ni during low-pressure glow discharge plasma processing. The intrinsic ferromagnetic behavior of Ni is transformed into the diamagnetic state during plasma processing and it is reversed back to ferromagnetic state once the plasma is switched off. Such transition in magnetic behavior of Ni is observed under N<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub> plasma environments. Through the combination of operando plasma diagnostics and numerical simulations, it is demonstrated that reactive species in different plasmas are adsorbed on substrate surface under the confinement of plasma sheath. Such adsorption significantly reduces the ferromagnetic stability of Ni, leading to the ferromagnetism collapse. Such discovery provides new insights into plasma-substrate interactions and offers a comprehensive scientific basis for understanding and controlling the surface magnetic properties of Ni during plasma processing.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166260
Yuan Li, Shiming Li, Jie Wu, Tianjian Liu, Shujuan Liu, Mei Wu, Chao Yuan
The prevailing integration techniques for GaN/diamond heterostructures, surface-activated bonding (SAB), generally necessitate the incorporation of amorphous Si (a‑Si) interlayers, which inevitably elevate the thermal boundary resistance (TBR) that substantially constrain heat dissipation performance. However, a systematic understanding of how interlayer crystallinity, thickness, and bonding strength collectively govern interfacial thermal transport remains lacking. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that increasing a‑Si interlayer thickness monotonically raises TBR, a trend rooted in phonon spectral mismatch and strong localization across multiple frequencies. Moreover, across the 1–6 nm thickness range, the TBR at the Si/diamond interface remains consistently lower than that at the Si/GaN interface, with their ratio remaining nearly constant. In contrast, a crystalline silicon (c‑Si) interlayer serves as an active phonon bridge, leading to a non‑monotonic TBR–thickness relationship with an optimal window of 2–4 nm. At 3 nm, TBR reaches a minimum, where the trade‑off between improved spectral matching and intrinsic scattering is optimally balanced. Furthermore, we demonstrate that interfacial bonding strength strongly modulates this optimal thickness: stronger bonding shifts the TBR minimum toward larger thicknesses by improving wetting effectiveness. This work establishes a unified framework for interfacial thermal design and provides actionable strategies for fabricating thermally optimized GaN–diamond heterostructures via controlled interlayer crystallization and bond‑enhanced integration at the nanoscale.
{"title":"Engineering thermal transport across GaN/diamond interfaces: multifactor regulation and phonon bridge mechanisms elucidated by molecular dynamics","authors":"Yuan Li, Shiming Li, Jie Wu, Tianjian Liu, Shujuan Liu, Mei Wu, Chao Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166260","url":null,"abstract":"The prevailing integration techniques for GaN/diamond heterostructures, surface-activated bonding (SAB), generally necessitate the incorporation of amorphous Si (a‑Si) interlayers, which inevitably elevate the thermal boundary resistance (TBR) that substantially constrain heat dissipation performance. However, a systematic understanding of how interlayer crystallinity, thickness, and bonding strength collectively govern interfacial thermal transport remains lacking. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that increasing a‑Si interlayer thickness monotonically raises TBR, a trend rooted in phonon spectral mismatch and strong localization across multiple frequencies. Moreover, across the 1–6 nm thickness range, the TBR at the Si/diamond interface remains consistently lower than that at the Si/GaN interface, with their ratio remaining nearly constant. In contrast, a crystalline silicon (c‑Si) interlayer serves as an active phonon bridge, leading to a non‑monotonic TBR–thickness relationship with an optimal window of 2–4 nm. At 3 nm, TBR reaches a minimum, where the trade‑off between improved spectral matching and intrinsic scattering is optimally balanced. Furthermore, we demonstrate that interfacial bonding strength strongly modulates this optimal thickness: stronger bonding shifts the TBR minimum toward larger thicknesses by improving wetting effectiveness. This work establishes a unified framework for interfacial thermal design and provides actionable strategies for fabricating thermally optimized GaN–diamond heterostructures via controlled interlayer crystallization and bond‑enhanced integration at the nanoscale.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"182 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166268
Yongsong Liu, Zejian Zheng, Cuiping Jia, Zhanfei Wu, Wenqi Yang, Xinai Ren, Yaohui Liang, Jingrui Kang, Lei Liu
A homojunction-structured Li2FeB0.05Si0.95O4/Li2FeP0.05Si0.95O4 (PN@LFS) double-layer thin-film cathode material with differentiated ionic deintercalation kinetics is designed and fabricated through a sequential process integrating RF magnetron sputtering with rapid thermal annealing technology. The in situ characterization reveals that PN@LFS undergoes a reversible phase transition process in the form of Li2FeSiO4 ⇌ LiFeSiO4 ⇌ FeSiO4 during charge–discharge, realizing the deintercalation of the second Li+ from the lattice structure of Li2FeSiO4. Under half-cell conditions, the PN@LFS thin film exhibits an initial discharge-specific capacity of 82.5 μAh cm−2 (305.4 mAh g−1) at 0.1C, achieving a capacity preservation rate of 82.2% following 100 charge–discharge cycles. Electrochemical evaluations show that the built-in electric field in PN@LFS reduces the Li+ deintercalation barrier, boosting ionic deintercalation kinetics during extraction. Furthermore, the PN@LFS/LATP/Li solid-state battery is fabricated with Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) as the solid-state electrolyte. The PN@LFS/LATP/Li delivers an initial discharge-specific capacity of 73.5 μAh cm−2 (266.6 mAh g−1) under 0.1C-rate conditions, with 74% capacity retention sustained through 100 electrochemical cycles. This research provides novel insights and critical references for the modification of thin-film cathode materials, fostering the advancement and practical implementation of advanced thin-film solid-state lithium-ion batteries.
采用射频磁控溅射与快速热退火技术相结合的顺序工艺，设计并制备了具有差别化离子脱嵌动力学的同结结构Li2FeB0.05Si0.95O4/Li2FeP0.05Si0.95O4 （PN@LFS）双层薄膜正极材料。原位表征表明，PN@LFS在充放电过程中经历了以Li2FeSiO4 + LiFeSiO4 + FeSiO4形式存在的可逆相变过程，实现了Li2FeSiO4晶格结构中第二Li+的脱嵌。在半电池条件下，PN@LFS薄膜在0.1C条件下的初始放电比容量为82.5 μAh cm−2(305.4 mAh g−1)，在100次充放电循环后的容量保留率为82.2%。电化学评价表明，PN@LFS中内置的电场降低了Li+脱嵌势垒，提高了萃取过程中的离子脱嵌动力学。以Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 （LATP）为固态电解质制备了PN@LFS/LATP/Li固态电池。在0.1C-rate条件下，PN@LFS/LATP/Li的初始放电比容量为73.5 μAh cm - 2(266.6 mAh g - 1)，在100次电化学循环中保持74%的容量。该研究为薄膜正极材料的改性提供了新的见解和重要的参考，促进了先进薄膜固态锂离子电池的发展和实际应用。
{"title":"Homojunction-structured Li2FeSiO4 bilayer thin-film cathode with differentiated ion kinetics for high-performance solid-state batteries","authors":"Yongsong Liu, Zejian Zheng, Cuiping Jia, Zhanfei Wu, Wenqi Yang, Xinai Ren, Yaohui Liang, Jingrui Kang, Lei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166268","url":null,"abstract":"A homojunction-structured Li<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>FeB<ce:inf loc=\"post\">0.05</ce:inf>Si<ce:inf loc=\"post\">0.95</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>/Li<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>FeP<ce:inf loc=\"post\">0.05</ce:inf>Si<ce:inf loc=\"post\">0.95</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> (PN@LFS) double-layer thin-film cathode material with differentiated ionic deintercalation kinetics is designed and fabricated through a sequential process integrating RF magnetron sputtering with rapid thermal annealing technology. The in situ characterization reveals that PN@LFS undergoes a reversible phase transition process in the form of Li<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>FeSiO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> ⇌ LiFeSiO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> ⇌ FeSiO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> during charge–discharge, realizing the deintercalation of the second Li<ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup> from the lattice structure of Li<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>FeSiO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>. Under half-cell conditions, the PN@LFS thin film exhibits an initial discharge-specific capacity of 82.5 μAh cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−2</ce:sup> (305.4 mAh g<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>) at 0.1C, achieving a capacity preservation rate of 82.2% following 100 charge–discharge cycles. Electrochemical evaluations show that the built-in electric field in PN@LFS reduces the Li<ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup> deintercalation barrier, boosting ionic deintercalation kinetics during extraction. Furthermore, the PN@LFS/LATP/Li solid-state battery is fabricated with Li<ce:inf loc=\"post\">1.3</ce:inf>Al<ce:inf loc=\"post\">0.3</ce:inf>Ti<ce:inf loc=\"post\">1.7</ce:inf>(PO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>)<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> (LATP) as the solid-state electrolyte. The PN@LFS/LATP/Li delivers an initial discharge-specific capacity of 73.5 μAh cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−2</ce:sup> (266.6 mAh g<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>) under 0.1C-rate conditions, with 74% capacity retention sustained through 100 electrochemical cycles. This research provides novel insights and critical references for the modification of thin-film cathode materials, fostering the advancement and practical implementation of advanced thin-film solid-state lithium-ion batteries.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen pollution in aquaculture effluent have been demonstrated to pose significant threats to aquatic environmental health. This work constructed a biomimetic artificial enzyme (hemin chloride)-BiVO4 homojunction photocatalytic synergistic system via solvothermal synthesis. This system activates a Fenton-like reaction, achieving highly efficient simultaneous removal of ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen under slightly alkaline conditions. This overcomes the drawback of conventional photocatalytic ammonia nitrogen removal requiring alkaline reaction conditions. Experimental results demonstrate superior removal performance for the composite material HBB. At pH 8.0, HBB-2 achieved simultaneous removal rates of 75.7% for ammonia nitrogen and 70.3% for nitrate nitrogen after 100 min. Furthermore, the redox role of reactive oxygen species and electrons in the removal of nitrogen pollutants as well as the removal mechanism were proposed by free radical scavenging experiments. Notably, loading the artificial enzyme onto the homojunction BiVO4 photocatalyst broadened its visible light response range while imparting excellent mechanical stability, maintaining outstanding removal capacity after 10 cycles. In summary, the artificial enzyme-homojunction composite system offers a viable approach for developing photocatalysts capable of simultaneously removing ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen under slightly alkaline conditions, providing valuable insights for effluent purification in aquaculture.
{"title":"Biomimetic artificial enzyme-BiVO4 homojunction photocatalyst for simultaneous removal of nitrogen pollution in slightly alkaline conditions: Synergy of fenton-like effect and electron shuttle function","authors":"Huining Zhang, Yue Zhang, Yang Cao, Jianping Han, Zongqian Zhang, Yankui Xiao, Zhiqiang Wei, Zhiguo Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166259","url":null,"abstract":"Ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen pollution in aquaculture effluent have been demonstrated to pose significant threats to aquatic environmental health. This work constructed a biomimetic artificial enzyme (hemin chloride)-BiVO<sub>4</sub> homojunction photocatalytic synergistic system via solvothermal synthesis. This system activates a Fenton-like reaction, achieving highly efficient simultaneous removal of ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen under slightly alkaline conditions. This overcomes the drawback of conventional photocatalytic ammonia nitrogen removal requiring alkaline reaction conditions. Experimental results demonstrate superior removal performance for the composite material HBB. At pH 8.0, HBB-2 achieved simultaneous removal rates of 75.7% for ammonia nitrogen and 70.3% for nitrate nitrogen after 100 min. Furthermore, the redox role of reactive oxygen species and electrons in the removal of nitrogen pollutants as well as the removal mechanism were proposed by free radical scavenging experiments. Notably, loading the artificial enzyme onto the homojunction BiVO<sub>4</sub> photocatalyst broadened its visible light response range while imparting excellent mechanical stability, maintaining outstanding removal capacity after 10 cycles. In summary, the artificial enzyme-homojunction composite system offers a viable approach for developing photocatalysts capable of simultaneously removing ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen under slightly alkaline conditions, providing valuable insights for effluent purification in aquaculture.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166249
Huan Li, Chen Wen, Liwen Yang, Guobao Xu
Although Polymer electrolyte (PEO)-based composite solid electrolyte (CSE) has attracted significant attention, it still suffers from low lithium ion migration and interfacial compatibility. Herein, we prepared functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (FCNTs) via nitric acid oxidation and subsequently incorporated them into PEO matrix to fabricate CSEs (FCNTs-PEO). The introduced hydroxyl and carboxyl groups formed hydrogen bonds with the ether oxygen (EO) units of PEO chains, disrupting the ordered packing of polymer segments, increasing the amorphous fraction, and facilitating Li+ migration. Additionally, acid etching generated jagged edge structures on the nanotube surfaces with localized π-electron states, which effectively weaken the electrostatic interaction between Li+ and TFSI-, thereby promoting the dissociation of the lithium salt. Experimental results demonstrate that 3 wt% FCNTs-PEO electrolyte achieves an ionic conductivity of 5.24 × 10-4 S cm−1 at 60 °C. Moreover, the LiFePO4 (LFP)||FCNTs-PEO||Li cells deliver the superior electrochemical performance of 79% and 72.5% capacity retention over 450 and 800 cycles at 2C and 0.5C, respectively.
聚合物电解质（PEO）基复合固体电解质（CSE）虽然受到广泛关注，但仍存在锂离子迁移和界面相容性差的问题。本研究通过硝酸氧化法制备功能化多壁碳纳米管（FCNTs），并将其掺入PEO基体中制备CSEs （FCNTs-PEO）。引入的羟基和羧基与PEO链的醚氧（EO）单元形成氢键，破坏了聚合物段的有序堆积，增加了非晶态部分，促进了Li+的迁移。此外，酸蚀在纳米管表面产生了具有局域π电子态的锯齿状边缘结构，有效地削弱了Li+与TFSI-之间的静电相互作用，从而促进了锂盐的解离。实验结果表明，3 wt% FCNTs-PEO电解质在60 °C时的离子电导率为5.24 × 10-4 S cm−1。此外，LiFePO4 (LFP)||FCNTs-PEO||锂电池在2C和0.5C下分别在450和800次循环中提供了79%和72.5%的优异电化学性能。
{"title":"Synergistical defect effects and hydrogen bond of carbon nanotubes improving electrochemical performance of PEO‐based lithium metal batteries","authors":"Huan Li, Chen Wen, Liwen Yang, Guobao Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166249","url":null,"abstract":"Although Polymer electrolyte (PEO)-based composite solid electrolyte (CSE) has attracted significant attention, it still suffers from low lithium ion migration and interfacial compatibility. Herein, we prepared functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (FCNTs) via nitric acid oxidation and subsequently incorporated them into PEO matrix to fabricate CSEs (FCNTs-PEO). The introduced hydroxyl and carboxyl groups formed hydrogen bonds with the ether oxygen (EO) units of PEO chains, disrupting the ordered packing of polymer segments, increasing the amorphous fraction, and facilitating Li<sup>+</sup> migration. Additionally, acid etching generated jagged edge structures on the nanotube surfaces with localized π-electron states, which effectively weaken the electrostatic interaction between Li<sup>+</sup> and TFSI<sup>-</sup>, thereby promoting the dissociation of the lithium salt. Experimental results demonstrate that 3 wt% FCNTs-PEO electrolyte achieves an ionic conductivity of 5.24 × 10<sup>-4</sup> S cm<sup>−1</sup> at 60 °C. Moreover, the LiFePO<sub>4</sub> (LFP)||FCNTs-PEO||Li cells deliver the superior electrochemical performance of 79% and 72.5% capacity retention over 450 and 800 cycles at 2C and 0.5C, respectively.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High‑performance β-Ga2O3/Si heterointerfaces are crucial for next‑generation power and optoelectronic devices, yet their thermal stability and interfacial thermal transport remain challenging due to lattice mismatch and thermal expansion mismatch. Herein, we fabricated β-Ga2O3(1 0 0)/Si heterointerface by surface-activated bonding and investigated the annealing-induced evolution of interfacial microstructures and their regulatory effects on interfacial thermal transport properties. A 16.2 nm-thick interlayer consisting of amorphous Si and Fe forms at the as-bonded heterointerface, while annealing at 1000 °C reduces its thickness to 4.3 nm and eliminates the characteristic signal of concentrated Fe. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that these amorphous interlayers degrade interfacial thermal transport properties, with interfacial thermal conductance (ITC) decreasing as amorphous Si layer thickness and Fe atomic fraction increase. Amorphous Si reduces the ITC by 24% relative to the ideal interface, while Fe doping can further decrease the value by 29.5%. This work reveals the critical role of interfacial microstructures and elemental distributions in regulating interfacial thermal properties, and provides a theoretical basis for optimizing bonding processes and thermal management strategies.
{"title":"Surface activated bonding of (100)-β-Ga2O3 and Si: Annealing-induced evolution of interfacial microstructure and its effects on thermal transport","authors":"Yongfeng Qu, Wenbo Hu, Fei Wang, Boquan Ren, Hongxing Wang, Jijun Ding, Haixia Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166258","url":null,"abstract":"High‑performance β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/Si heterointerfaces are crucial for next‑generation power and optoelectronic devices, yet their thermal stability and interfacial thermal transport remain challenging due to lattice mismatch and thermal expansion mismatch. Herein, we fabricated β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(1<!-- --> <!-- -->0<!-- --> <!-- -->0)/Si heterointerface by surface-activated bonding and investigated the annealing-induced evolution of interfacial microstructures and their regulatory effects on interfacial thermal transport properties. A 16.2 nm-thick interlayer consisting of amorphous Si and Fe forms at the as-bonded heterointerface, while annealing at 1000 °C reduces its thickness to 4.3 nm and eliminates the characteristic signal of concentrated Fe. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that these amorphous interlayers degrade interfacial thermal transport properties, with interfacial thermal conductance (ITC) decreasing as amorphous Si layer thickness and Fe atomic fraction increase. Amorphous Si reduces the ITC by 24% relative to the ideal interface, while Fe doping can further decrease the value by 29.5%. This work reveals the critical role of interfacial microstructures and elemental distributions in regulating interfacial thermal properties, and provides a theoretical basis for optimizing bonding processes and thermal management strategies.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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