Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166241
Pradyumna Kumar Parida, Olivier Richard, Dae Seon Kwon, Gourab De, Mihaela Ioana Popovici, Paola Favia, Attilio Belmonte, Eva Grieten
La-doped hafnium zirconium oxide thin film is a promising candidate for future ferroelectric device applications. This study illustrates the high-spatial resolution crystal orientation and phase mapping in HfZrOx(HZO) thin films grown on different seed layers, namely TiO2, ZrO2 and WO3 using precession electron diffraction technique (PED). First, the methodology adopted for reliable HZO phase identification and quantification is discussed. Additionally, the PED analysis indicated that HZO films grown on TiO2 or ZrO2 seed layers preferably induce the formation of ferroelectric orthorhombic phase. However, the ferroelectric grain size was found to be the smallest with ZrO2 seed as compared to TiO2 seed. The WO3 seed layer favored the formation of the antiferroelectric tetragonal phase with larger grain size. Our observation showed, 1 nm thick TiO2 was found to be the most effective seed layer as compared to others in favoring the growth of ferroelectric orthorhombic grains and making it a suitable choice for the designer towards application oriented advanced ferroelectric devices.
{"title":"Identification and quantification of ferroelectric phases in HfZrOx thin films using the precession electron diffraction technique","authors":"Pradyumna Kumar Parida, Olivier Richard, Dae Seon Kwon, Gourab De, Mihaela Ioana Popovici, Paola Favia, Attilio Belmonte, Eva Grieten","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166241","url":null,"abstract":"La-doped hafnium zirconium oxide thin film is a promising candidate for future ferroelectric device applications. This study illustrates the high-spatial resolution crystal orientation and phase mapping in HfZrO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">x</ce:inf><ce:bold>(</ce:bold>HZO) thin films grown on different seed layers, namely TiO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>, ZrO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> and WO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> using precession electron diffraction technique (PED). First, the methodology adopted for reliable HZO phase identification and quantification is discussed. Additionally, the PED analysis indicated that HZO films grown on TiO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> or ZrO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> seed layers preferably induce the formation of ferroelectric orthorhombic phase. However, the ferroelectric grain size was found to be the smallest with ZrO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> seed as compared to TiO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> seed. The WO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> seed layer favored the formation of the antiferroelectric tetragonal phase with larger grain size. Our observation showed, 1 nm thick TiO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> was found to be the most effective seed layer as compared to others in favoring the growth of ferroelectric orthorhombic grains and making it a suitable choice for the designer towards application oriented advanced ferroelectric devices.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Functional KH2PO4 optics are typically processed by single-point diamond turning (SPDT). Surface defects, including geometrical defects and accompanied chemical structure defects (CSDs), introduced by SPDT will significantly diminish laser damage resistance of KH2PO4 optics. Current research primarily focuses on the geometrical features of surface defects and their laser-induced damage mechanisms. However, laser damage mainly occurs in the local tiny areas (e.g., brittle crack tip) of surface defects, indicating that CSDs (e.g., oxygen vacancies, lattice damage) at these areas violently absorb incident laser and cause laser damage. Therefore, accurately characterizing these CSDs is vital for assessing the laser performance of KH2PO4 optics. A multi-modal characterization method combining Raman, infrared, and photoluminescence spectroscopy was developed in this study to reveal the atomic/molecular-scale structural features of the CSDs. Firstly, we conducted a statistical analysis of surface defects on KH2PO4 optics processed by SPDT. These surface defects were classified into three categories (protrusion defects, brittle defects, and plastic scratches) based on their geometric features. Then, elemental analysis indicated that protrusion defects contained significantly higher oxygen content (about 5%) compared to the other defect types. Secondly, the lattice structure at the molecular scale was examined using combined Raman and infrared spectroscopy, revealing that plastic scratches caused negligible lattice damage, whereas the other two defect types led to substantial crystal lattice degradation. Finally, atomic-level point defects were characterized using optical fiber confocal fluorescence. The results showed significant variations in oxygen vacancy content among the three defect types, with this point defect serving as a critical indicator for identifying defect characteristics. This study established a multi-modal characterization methodology for SPDT-induced surface defects, offering technical support for high-performance manufacturing and performance enhancement of KDP optics.
{"title":"Toward revealing chemical structure defects accompanied with surface geometrical defects in KH2PO4 optics processed by single point diamond turning","authors":"Guang Chen, Yibo Liu, Jianchong Li, Jian Cheng, Jixiang Chen, Hongqin Lei, Linjie Zhao, Mingjun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166255","url":null,"abstract":"Functional KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> optics are typically processed by single-point diamond turning (SPDT). Surface defects, including geometrical defects and accompanied chemical structure defects (CSDs), introduced by SPDT will significantly diminish laser damage resistance of KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> optics. Current research primarily focuses on the geometrical features of surface defects and their laser-induced damage mechanisms. However, laser damage mainly occurs in the local tiny areas (e.g., brittle crack tip) of surface defects, indicating that CSDs (e.g., oxygen vacancies, lattice damage) at these areas violently absorb incident laser and cause laser damage. Therefore, accurately characterizing these CSDs is vital for assessing the laser performance of KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> optics. A multi-modal characterization method combining Raman, infrared, and photoluminescence spectroscopy was developed in this study to reveal the atomic/molecular-scale structural features of the CSDs. Firstly, we conducted a statistical analysis of surface defects on KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> optics processed by SPDT. These surface defects were classified into three categories (protrusion defects, brittle defects, and plastic scratches) based on their geometric features. Then, elemental analysis indicated that protrusion defects contained significantly higher oxygen content (about 5%) compared to the other defect types. Secondly, the lattice structure at the molecular scale was examined using combined Raman and infrared spectroscopy, revealing that plastic scratches caused negligible lattice damage, whereas the other two defect types led to substantial crystal lattice degradation. Finally, atomic-level point defects were characterized using optical fiber confocal fluorescence. The results showed significant variations in oxygen vacancy content among the three defect types, with this point defect serving as a critical indicator for identifying defect characteristics. This study established a multi-modal characterization methodology for SPDT-induced surface defects, offering technical support for high-performance manufacturing and performance enhancement of KDP optics.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) to ammonia (NH3) represents a promising “waste-to-wealth” strategy, addressing both nitrate wastewater treatment and sustainable NH3 synthesis. The key challenge lies in developing electrocatalysts with high NO3RR performance to enhance the yield and selectivity of NH3. Herein, density functional theory calculations were performed to comprehensively evaluate the synergistic effects between transition metal centers (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ru, Rh) supported on five different coordination environments of defective carbon nitride (CNx) substrate, aiming to rationally design high-performance single-atom catalysts (SACs) for NO3RR. The calculation results revealed that the Co center in a specific coordination environment (Co-CN3) exhibited notable comprehensive performance. The limiting potential of the potential-determining step was as low as −0.13 V. It showed high selectivity for the target product NH3, effectively suppressing the hydrogen evolution reaction and the formation pathways of other nitrogen-containing by-products. Its stability in molecular dynamics simulations suggests potential for experimental realization. This work predicted a highly promising catalyst candidate, Co-CN3 SAC. It revealed the microscopic mechanism of “metal-coordination” combination in regulating catalytic performance, providing a new theoretical perspective and clear design principles for subsequent experimental synthesis and broader electrocatalyst design.
{"title":"High-throughput DFT screening of single-atom catalysts: unraveling the effects of transition metals and coordination environments for electrocatalytic nitrate-to-ammonia conversion","authors":"Beibei Yan, Dandan Xu, Tiecheng Liu, Kang Tang, Jinglan Wang, Guanyi Chen, Zhanjun Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166226","url":null,"abstract":"Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO<sub>3</sub>RR) to ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) represents a promising “waste-to-wealth” strategy, addressing both nitrate wastewater treatment and sustainable NH<sub>3</sub> synthesis. The key challenge lies in developing electrocatalysts with high NO<sub>3</sub>RR performance to enhance the yield and selectivity of NH<sub>3</sub>. Herein, density functional theory calculations were performed to comprehensively evaluate the synergistic effects between transition metal centers (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ru, Rh) supported on five different coordination environments of defective carbon nitride (CN<sub>x</sub>) substrate, aiming to rationally design high-performance single-atom catalysts (SACs) for NO<sub>3</sub>RR. The calculation results revealed that the Co center in a specific coordination environment (Co-CN<sub>3</sub>) exhibited notable comprehensive performance. The limiting potential of the potential-determining step was as low as −0.13 V. It showed high selectivity for the target product NH<sub>3</sub>, effectively suppressing the hydrogen evolution reaction and the formation pathways of other nitrogen-containing by-products. Its stability in molecular dynamics simulations suggests potential for experimental realization. This work predicted a highly promising catalyst candidate, Co-CN<sub>3</sub> SAC. It revealed the microscopic mechanism of “metal-coordination” combination in regulating catalytic performance, providing a new theoretical perspective and clear design principles for subsequent experimental synthesis and broader electrocatalyst design.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166231
Yanjun Liu, Jie Wan, Feifei Qin, Gongde Wu, Satu Pitkäaho, Mingle Xia, Xiaoli Wang, Ruoxi Dai, Mohosina Parvin Mim
Carrier density modulation of semiconductors can regulate their surface plasmon resonance (SPR), where the spectral overlap between SPR band and intrinsic absorption spectrum enhances the local electromagnetic field. We fabricate an Au-decorated ZnO/Bi2WO6 heterojunction in which plasmonic coupling between Au and plasmonic Bi2WO6 can achieve improved photocatalytic efficiency via plasmonic near-field enhancement and hot carrier injection. In situ XPS measurements and transient photocurrent responses exhibit distinct elemental binding energy shifts, peak intensity variations, and photocurrent hysteresis. These variations stem from oxygen-vacancy-mediated charge redistribution and reversible carrier trapping. Raman signal intensity ratio of rhodamine 6G at 1126 cm⁻1 (I532/I633) is lower for the Au-Bi2WO6/R6G system than for the Au/R6G system, providing direct evidence of local electromagnetic field amplification, consistent with spectral overlap and synergistic plasmonic coupling. Meanwhile, directional flow of photoelectrons from ZnO to Bi2WO6 suppresses the surface depletion layer in the plasmonic semiconductor. The defect-mediated plasmonic coupling and electron reservoir behavior offer a valuable strategy for promoting plasmonic activity and interfacial charge transfer in photocatalytic systems.
半导体的载流子密度调制可以调节其表面等离子体共振（SPR），其中SPR波段与本征吸收光谱之间的频谱重叠增强了局部电磁场。我们制备了一种Au修饰的ZnO/Bi2WO6异质结，其中Au与等离子体Bi2WO6之间的等离子体耦合可以通过等离子体近场增强和热载流子注入来提高光催化效率。原位XPS测量和瞬态光电流响应表现出明显的元素结合能位移、峰值强度变化和光电流滞后。这些变化源于氧空位介导的电荷再分配和可逆载流子捕获。在1126 cm - 1 （I532/I633）处，Au- bi2wo6 /R6G体系的拉曼信号强度比Au/R6G体系的低，这直接证明了局部电磁场放大，与光谱重叠和协同等离子体耦合一致。同时，光电子从ZnO向Bi2WO6的定向流动抑制了等离子体半导体中的表面耗尽层。缺陷介导的等离子体耦合和电子储层行为为促进光催化体系中的等离子体活性和界面电荷转移提供了有价值的策略。
{"title":"Defect-mediated plasmonic coupling and electron reservoir engineering in ZnO/Bi2WO6-Au for high-efficiency visible photocatalysis","authors":"Yanjun Liu, Jie Wan, Feifei Qin, Gongde Wu, Satu Pitkäaho, Mingle Xia, Xiaoli Wang, Ruoxi Dai, Mohosina Parvin Mim","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166231","url":null,"abstract":"Carrier density modulation of semiconductors can regulate their surface plasmon resonance (SPR), where the spectral overlap between SPR band and intrinsic absorption spectrum enhances the local electromagnetic field. We fabricate an Au-decorated ZnO/Bi<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>6</sub> heterojunction in which plasmonic coupling between Au and plasmonic Bi<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>6</sub> can achieve improved photocatalytic efficiency via plasmonic near-field enhancement and hot carrier injection. In situ XPS measurements and transient photocurrent responses exhibit distinct elemental binding energy shifts, peak intensity variations, and photocurrent hysteresis. These variations stem from oxygen-vacancy-mediated charge redistribution and reversible carrier trapping. Raman signal intensity ratio of rhodamine 6G at 1126 cm⁻<sup>1</sup> (<em>I<sub>532</sub></em>/<em>I<sub>633</sub></em>) is lower for the Au-Bi<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>6</sub>/R6G system than for the Au/R6G system, providing direct evidence of local electromagnetic field amplification, consistent with spectral overlap and synergistic plasmonic coupling. Meanwhile, directional flow of photoelectrons from ZnO to Bi<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>6</sub> suppresses the surface depletion layer in the plasmonic semiconductor. The defect-mediated plasmonic coupling and electron reservoir behavior offer a valuable strategy for promoting plasmonic activity and interfacial charge transfer in photocatalytic systems.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166228
Bo Zhao, Wenjun Zhang, Xi Sun, Linbo Qin, Wangsheng Chen, Jun Han
{"title":"A DFT study on the mechanism of NH3-SCR denitrification over Mn-Mo/CNT catalyst","authors":"Bo Zhao, Wenjun Zhang, Xi Sun, Linbo Qin, Wangsheng Chen, Jun Han","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166228","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166263
Hongxin Zhang, Hainan Wang, Chenfeng Pan, Wei jian, Lu Ren
Zn alloys are valued in casting for their low melting point, excellent casting performance, and dimensional stability. Zn-Al-Cu alloys offer outstanding mechanical properties, yet their corrosion behavior remains insufficiently studied. This work investigates the corrosion behavior of Zn4Al and Zn4Al0.5Cu alloys in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, revealing changes in their microstructure and corrosion mechanisms. Results show that trace Cu addition refines the microstructure without forming Cu-related intermetallic compound, but creates significant potential difference between Cu-rich regions and the surrounding matrix. Polarization curves indicate the corrosion current density of Zn4Al0.5Cu (46.533 μA/cm2) is notably higher than Zn4Al (21.638 μA/cm2). In the electrochemical impedance spectrum, Zn4Al0.5Cu exhibits inductive behavior, confirming enhanced micro-galvanic effects. Electrochemical noise demonstrates that the localized corrosion growth probability of Zn4Al0.5Cu is suppressed at the early stage due to eutectic refinement. However, with prolonged exposure, insufficient stability of the corrosion product layer leads to the reinitiation of localized corrosion. Overall, the galvanic corrosion and corrosion product layer instability induced by Cu primarily contribute to reduced anti-corrosive properties. This study elucidates the dual role of trace Cu in the corrosion mechanism of Zn4Al alloy, offering a new theoretical foundation for the engineering application of Zn–based protective materials in corrosive environments.
{"title":"The dual role of trace Cu in the corrosion mechanism of Zn4Al Alloy: Insights from microstructural Characterization and electrochemical performance","authors":"Hongxin Zhang, Hainan Wang, Chenfeng Pan, Wei jian, Lu Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166263","url":null,"abstract":"Zn alloys are valued in casting for their low melting point, excellent casting performance, and dimensional stability. Zn-Al-Cu alloys offer outstanding mechanical properties, yet their corrosion behavior remains insufficiently studied. This work investigates the corrosion behavior of Zn4Al and Zn4Al0.5Cu alloys in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, revealing changes in their microstructure and corrosion mechanisms. Results show that trace Cu addition refines the microstructure without forming Cu-related intermetallic compound, but creates significant potential difference between Cu-rich regions and the surrounding matrix. Polarization curves indicate the corrosion current density of Zn4Al0.5Cu (46.533 μA/cm<sup>2</sup>) is notably higher than Zn4Al (21.638 μA/cm<sup>2</sup>). In the electrochemical impedance spectrum, Zn4Al0.5Cu exhibits inductive behavior, confirming enhanced micro-galvanic effects. Electrochemical noise demonstrates that the localized corrosion growth probability of Zn4Al0.5Cu is suppressed at the early stage due to eutectic refinement. However, with prolonged exposure, insufficient stability of the corrosion product layer leads to the reinitiation of localized corrosion. Overall, the galvanic corrosion and corrosion product layer instability induced by Cu primarily contribute to reduced anti-corrosive properties. This study elucidates the dual role of trace Cu in the corrosion mechanism of Zn4Al alloy, offering a new theoretical foundation for the engineering application of Zn–based protective materials in corrosive environments.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166251
Kyeonghwan Kim, Dongwon Seo, Hee Jae Hwang, Jihoon Chung
Metal–organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles exhibit potential as lubrication additives owing to their physical, mechanical, and chemical effects. However, studies on their solid lubrication properties, particularly those of three-dimensional (3D) MOF materials in liquid-free environments, have rarely been reported. This work introduces the synergistic interaction between the substrate roughness and particle loading quantity in the case of the Zr-based 3D MOF, UiO-66-NH2. UiO-66-NH2 achieves a twofold friction reduction compared with an Al pin-on-Al substrate under ambient temperature and humidity. In addition, it demonstrates a reduced Al substrate roughness, resulting in early-stage termination of solid lubrication effects. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicates that UiO-66-NH2 has an engineered Al surface coating, and its particles transition from interfacial sliding to rolling friction. To verify the practical applicability of UiO-66-NH2 as a solid lubrication material, it is applied to a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) for electrical energy harvesting. The TENG with UiO-66-NH2 exhibits not only a stable output voltage for 50,000 s but also a significant increase in the root-mean-squared voltage and current of 13.66% and 5.66%, respectively. This study provides new insights into the design principles of 3D MOF-based solid lubricants for advanced tribological and energy devices.
{"title":"UiO-66-NH2 enabled dry solid lubrication for enhancing the mechanical stability and electrical output of a triboelectric nanogenerator","authors":"Kyeonghwan Kim, Dongwon Seo, Hee Jae Hwang, Jihoon Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166251","url":null,"abstract":"Metal–organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles exhibit potential as lubrication additives owing to their physical, mechanical, and chemical effects. However, studies on their solid lubrication properties, particularly those of three-dimensional (3D) MOF materials in liquid-free environments, have rarely been reported. This work introduces the synergistic interaction between the substrate roughness and particle loading quantity in the case of the Zr-based 3D MOF, UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub>. UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub> achieves a twofold friction reduction compared with an Al pin-on-Al substrate under ambient temperature and humidity. In addition, it demonstrates a reduced Al substrate roughness, resulting in early-stage termination of solid lubrication effects. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicates that UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub> has an engineered Al surface coating, and its particles transition from interfacial sliding to rolling friction. To verify the practical applicability of UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub> as a solid lubrication material, it is applied to a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) for electrical energy harvesting. The TENG with UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub> exhibits not only a stable output voltage for 50,000 s but also a significant increase in the root-mean-squared voltage and current of 13.66% and 5.66%, respectively. This study provides new insights into the design principles of 3D MOF-based solid lubricants for advanced tribological and energy devices.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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