The persistence of viruses on surfaces and their role in indirect transmission pose significant public health risks, emphasizing the need for antiviral coatings. This study evaluated the antiviral efficacy of cationic peptide Mel4 and anthranilamide peptidomimetic 758, immobilized on glass coverslips using polydopamine (PDA) coatings. Surface analyses by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) confirmed peptide and mimic attachment, with characteristic increases in atomic concentrations of C, N, and Br (specific to 758). Tryptophan and arginine fragments were predominant on 758 and Mel4 coatings, respectively. Wettability studies revealed hydrophilic properties for Mel4 and hydrophobic characteristics for 758 coatings. Antiviral assays demonstrated selective efficacy: 758 reduced the infectivity of enveloped viruses, MHV-1 and H1N1, by 68 % and 89 %, respectively, while Mel4 achieved reductions of 85 % and 90 % against non-enveloped viruses HAdV-5 and MNV-1. Durability tests over 74 h showed ∼ 50 % retained efficacy for 758 and > 80 % for Mel4. Minor XPS shifts suggested gradual compound loss or viral residue overlay. Cytotoxicity assays confirmed biocompatibility, with > 90 % host cell viability. These findings highlight the potential of Mel4 and 758 coatings as durable and selective antiviral treatments to mitigate viral transmission on high-contact surfaces.
{"title":"Antiviral activity of peptide and peptide mimic coated surfaces","authors":"Umme Laila Urmi, Mark D.P. Willcox, Rajesh Kuppusamy, Samuel Attard, Naresh Kumar, Salequl Islam, Hongzhe Chen, Xiaojun Ren, Ajay Kumar Vijay","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163242","url":null,"abstract":"The persistence of viruses on surfaces and their role in indirect transmission pose significant public health risks, emphasizing the need for antiviral coatings. This study evaluated the antiviral efficacy of cationic peptide Mel4 and anthranilamide peptidomimetic 758, immobilized on glass coverslips using polydopamine (PDA) coatings. Surface analyses by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) confirmed peptide and mimic attachment, with characteristic increases in atomic concentrations of C, N, and Br (specific to 758). Tryptophan and arginine fragments were predominant on 758 and Mel4 coatings, respectively. Wettability studies revealed hydrophilic properties for Mel4 and hydrophobic characteristics for 758 coatings. Antiviral assays demonstrated selective efficacy: 758 reduced the infectivity of enveloped viruses, MHV-1 and H1N1, by 68 % and 89 %, respectively, while Mel4 achieved reductions of 85 % and 90 % against non-enveloped viruses HAdV-5 and MNV-1. Durability tests over 74 h showed ∼ 50 % retained efficacy for 758 and > 80 % for Mel4. Minor XPS shifts suggested gradual compound loss or viral residue overlay. Cytotoxicity assays confirmed biocompatibility, with > 90 % host cell viability. These findings highlight the potential of Mel4 and 758 coatings as durable and selective antiviral treatments to mitigate viral transmission on high-contact surfaces.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We synthesized TiO2/Au/TiO2/Au (IMIM) stacked nanostructure composed of TiO2 thin films (TFs) and Au nanoparticles (NPs). The TFs of TiO2 were deposited by sputtering Ti targets in Ar/O2 gas, followed by annealing to induce the anatase phase. The Au NPs were deposited by sputtering an Au target in Ar gas and then annealed to form the NPs. The nanostructures made of TiO2/Au/TiO2 (MIM) and TiO2/Au (IM) were synthesized for the purpose of comparison. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by measuring organic decomposition and bacterial inactivation under ultraviolet and visible light irradiation, with the visible light wavelength matching the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of Au NPs. The photocatalytic performance of IMIM was more enhanced than TiO2 TF as the visible light intensity increased. The IMIM also outperformed the MIM and IM nanostructures. The improved photocatalytic activity would be attributed to the hot electron transfer from Au NPs to TiO2, originating from the visible-light-driven LSPR at the TiO2/Au interface at the top of IMIM. Additionally, the increased visible light absorption attributed to more oxygen vacancies in the top TiO2 layer due to Au NPs and a rougher surface due to the top TiO2 layer would enhance the photocatalytic activity.
我们合成了由二氧化钛薄膜（TFs）和金纳米粒子（NPs）组成的二氧化钛/金/二氧化钛/金（IMIM）叠层纳米结构。TiO2 薄膜是在 Ar/O2 气体中通过溅射 Ti 靶件沉积而成，然后通过退火诱导出锐钛矿相。Au NPs 是在 Ar 气体中通过溅射 Au 靶件沉积的，然后通过退火形成 NPs。为了进行比较，还合成了由 TiO2/Au/TiO2（MIM）和 TiO2/Au（IM）组成的纳米结构。光催化活性是通过测量紫外线和可见光照射下的有机物分解和细菌灭活情况来评估的，可见光波长与金纳米粒子的局部表面等离子体共振（LSPR）相匹配。随着可见光强度的增加，IMIM 的光催化性能比 TiO2 TF 更强。IMIM 的性能也优于 MIM 和 IM 纳米结构。光催化活性的提高可归因于金纳米粒子向 TiO2 的热电子转移，这种转移源自 IMIM 顶部 TiO2/Au 界面上由可见光驱动的 LSPR。此外，由于金氧化物在顶部 TiO2 层中产生更多的氧空位，以及顶部 TiO2 层表面更粗糙，从而增加了可见光吸收，这也会提高光催化活性。
{"title":"Enhanced photocatalytic activity of TiO2/Au/TiO2/Au stacked nanostructures synthesized via sputtering and subsequent annealing","authors":"Retsuo Kawakami , Yuki Miyaji , Shin-ichiro Yanagiya , Akihiro Shirai , Pankaj Koinkar , Akihiro Furube , Yoshitaka Nakano , Masahito Niibe","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We synthesized TiO<sub>2</sub>/Au/TiO<sub>2</sub>/Au (IMIM) stacked nanostructure composed of TiO<sub>2</sub> thin films (TFs) and Au nanoparticles (NPs). The TFs of TiO<sub>2</sub> were deposited by sputtering Ti targets in Ar/O<sub>2</sub> gas, followed by annealing to induce the anatase phase. The Au NPs were deposited by sputtering an Au target in Ar gas and then annealed to form the NPs. The nanostructures made of TiO<sub>2</sub>/Au/TiO<sub>2</sub> (MIM) and TiO<sub>2</sub>/Au (IM) were synthesized for the purpose of comparison. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by measuring organic decomposition and bacterial inactivation under ultraviolet and visible light irradiation, with the visible light wavelength matching the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of Au NPs. The photocatalytic performance of IMIM was more enhanced than TiO<sub>2</sub> TF as the visible light intensity increased. The IMIM also outperformed the MIM and IM nanostructures. The improved photocatalytic activity would be attributed to the hot electron transfer from Au NPs to TiO<sub>2</sub>, originating from the visible-light-driven LSPR at the TiO<sub>2</sub>/Au interface at the top of IMIM. Additionally, the increased visible light absorption attributed to more oxygen vacancies in the top TiO<sub>2</sub> layer due to Au NPs and a rougher surface due to the top TiO<sub>2</sub> layer would enhance the photocatalytic activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"702 ","pages":"Article 163328"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-22DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163332
Feiyan Feng, Zeyu Hu, Jiani Gu, Zhangxiong Wu
Transition metal/nitrogen-doped carbon materials combining the merits of high surface, high graphitization, 2D morphology and rich active sites are appealing for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). This work proposes a molecular assembly strategy to synthesize novel Fe/N-doped carbon materials with these properties acquired simultaneously. Histidine (His), potassium bicarbonate (PBC) and ferrous bisglycinate (Fe(Gly)2) are assembled into an uniformly mixed aggregate. Pyrolysis of the aggregate converts the His component to 2D highly microporous carbon plates carrying atomic FeN4 sites via foaming, carbonization and in-situ activation and drives the Fe(Gly)2 component to form highly graphitized carbon nanobelts encapsulating Fe3C nanoparticles via carbonization and local catalytic graphitization. The typical material possesses a high surface area of 1728 m2 g−1, uniform micropores of 0.6 and 1.8 nm and rich FeN4 sites and Fe3C nanoparticles. It shows high ORR performance with a half-wave potential of 0.90 V, fast kinetics, low H2O2 yields, high stability and superior methanol tolerance. The influences of the Fe(Gly)2 dosage and pyrolysis temperature and the roles of Fe(Gly)2 and PBC are discussed. The high ORR performance of the typical material originates from the active FeN4 and Fe3C sites and the high porosity and graphitization for facile mass and electron transfer.
{"title":"Molecular assembly synthesis of microporous FeN4-doped carbon plates implanted with Fe3C-doped graphitized carbon nanobelts for efficient oxygen reduction","authors":"Feiyan Feng, Zeyu Hu, Jiani Gu, Zhangxiong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163332","url":null,"abstract":"Transition metal/nitrogen-doped carbon materials combining the merits of high surface, high graphitization, 2D morphology and rich active sites are appealing for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). This work proposes a molecular assembly strategy to synthesize novel Fe/N-doped carbon materials with these properties acquired simultaneously. Histidine (His), potassium bicarbonate (PBC) and ferrous bisglycinate (Fe(Gly)<sub>2</sub>) are assembled into an uniformly mixed aggregate. Pyrolysis of the aggregate converts the His component to 2D highly microporous carbon plates carrying atomic FeN<sub>4</sub> sites via foaming, carbonization and in-situ activation and drives the Fe(Gly)<sub>2</sub> component to form highly graphitized carbon nanobelts encapsulating Fe<sub>3</sub>C nanoparticles via carbonization and local catalytic graphitization. The typical material possesses a high surface area of 1728 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>, uniform micropores of 0.6 and 1.8 nm and rich FeN<sub>4</sub> sites and Fe<sub>3</sub>C nanoparticles. It shows high ORR performance with a half-wave potential of 0.90 V, fast kinetics, low H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> yields, high stability and superior methanol tolerance. The influences of the Fe(Gly)<sub>2</sub> dosage and pyrolysis temperature and the roles of Fe(Gly)<sub>2</sub> and PBC are discussed. The high ORR performance of the typical material originates from the active FeN<sub>4</sub> and Fe<sub>3</sub>C sites and the high porosity and graphitization for facile mass and electron transfer.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Photocatalytic Acceptorless Dehydrogenation (PAD) of amines to hydrogen (H2) and imines is a promising approach to produce clean energy and high-value added chemicals. However, the poor charge carrier separation performance of photocatalyst and uncontrolled side reaction, including the imines hydrogenated and CC coupling, significantly hindered its development. Herein, we developed a heterojunction photocatalyst NiS-Zn3In2S6/Bi2S3 (Ni-ZIS/Bi) for boosting the PAD reaction of benzylamine. Due to the enhanced density and spatial decoupling effectiveness of photogenerated charge carriers, Ni0.5%-ZIS/Bi1.2% exhibits 12.4-fold and 5.9-fold increase in production rate of H2 and N-benzylidenebenzylamine (NBBA), respectively, compared with Zn3In2S6. Notably, the selectivity of NBBA increased from 28.5 % of Zn3In2S6 to 98 % of NiS0.5%-ZIS/Bi1.2%. This study offers novel insight into the cooperative coupling of H2 production with organic transformation processes.
{"title":"Enhancing charge carrier density and spatial decoupling effectiveness of NiS-Zn3In2S6/Bi2S3 for boosting photocatalytic acceptorless dehydrogenation of amines","authors":"Yuanqiao Wei, Ruifang Zhang, Wei Gao, Ningzhao Shang, Xiang Cheng, Yongjun Gao, Xin Zhou, Chun Wang, Shutao Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163325","url":null,"abstract":"Photocatalytic Acceptorless Dehydrogenation (PAD) of amines to hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) and imines is a promising approach to produce clean energy and high-value added chemicals. However, the poor charge carrier separation performance of photocatalyst and uncontrolled side reaction, including the imines hydrogenated and C<img alt=\"single bond\" src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" style=\"vertical-align:middle\"/>C coupling, significantly hindered its development. Herein, we developed a heterojunction photocatalyst NiS-Zn<sub>3</sub>In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> (Ni-ZIS/Bi) for boosting the PAD reaction of benzylamine. Due to the enhanced density and spatial decoupling effectiveness of photogenerated charge carriers, Ni<sub>0.5%</sub>-ZIS/Bi<sub>1.2%</sub> exhibits 12.4-fold and 5.9-fold increase in production rate of H<sub>2</sub> and N-benzylidenebenzylamine (NBBA), respectively, compared with Zn<sub>3</sub>In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>. Notably, the selectivity of NBBA increased from 28.5 % of Zn<sub>3</sub>In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub> to 98 % of NiS<sub>0.5%</sub>-ZIS/Bi<sub>1.2%</sub>. This study offers novel insight into the cooperative coupling of H<sub>2</sub> production with organic transformation processes.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143857710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-21DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163321
Robert Heinke, Martin Ehrhardt, Pierre Lorenz, Klaus Zimmer, Thomas Arnold
Atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) machining of optical materials, e.g. fused silica and silicon carbide is capable of generating free-form optical surfaces with excellent precision and low surface roughness. However, APPJ etching of the commonly used optical glass N-BK7®, which contains various metal oxides, with fluorine-containing gases results in the formation of surface residues consisting of metal fluorides. The accumulated residues form a layer on the glass substrate that deteriorates the etching process in terms of etching rate and surface roughness but can be ablated by pulsed laser irradiation. The aim of this study is to reduce the residual layer thickness required for its laser removal as a prerequisite to increased shape accuracy and reduced process-induced roughness.N-BK7® samples were etched with APPJ while varying the surface temperature. Subsequently the APPJ-etched area was irradiated by excimer laser at different wavelengths (λ = 193; 248; 308 nm; tPulse = 20 ns). The etched and laser-exposed sample surfaces were thereafter analyzed by WLI and SEM.It can be shown that residual layers resulting from etching at different temperatures can be removed at wavelengths of 193 nm and 248 nm. The thinnest layer for complete removal demonstrated is 95 nm at a wavelength of 193 nm. The minimum layer thicknesses for λ = 248 nm are in the range of 190–320 nm. At a wavelength of 308 nm, neither removal of the residual layer nor damage to the glass could be detected for the selected fluence range.
{"title":"Impact of the temperature on laser ablation of residues from APPJ-etched N-BK7 optical glass","authors":"Robert Heinke, Martin Ehrhardt, Pierre Lorenz, Klaus Zimmer, Thomas Arnold","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163321","url":null,"abstract":"Atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) machining of optical materials, e.g. fused silica and silicon carbide is capable of generating free-form optical surfaces with excellent precision and low surface roughness. However, APPJ etching of the commonly used optical glass N-BK7®, which contains various metal oxides, with fluorine-containing gases results in the formation of surface residues consisting of metal fluorides. The accumulated residues form a layer on the glass substrate that deteriorates the etching process in terms of etching rate and surface roughness but can be ablated by pulsed laser irradiation. The aim of this study is to reduce the residual layer thickness required for its laser removal as a prerequisite to increased shape accuracy and reduced process-induced roughness.N-BK7® samples were etched with APPJ while varying the surface temperature. Subsequently the APPJ-etched area was irradiated by excimer laser at different wavelengths (λ = 193; 248; 308 nm; t<sub>Pulse</sub> = 20 ns). The etched and laser-exposed sample surfaces were thereafter analyzed by WLI and SEM.It can be shown that residual layers resulting from etching at different temperatures can be removed at wavelengths of 193 nm and 248 nm. The thinnest layer for complete removal demonstrated is 95 nm at a wavelength of 193 nm. The minimum layer thicknesses for λ = 248 nm are in the range of 190–320 nm. At a wavelength of 308 nm, neither removal of the residual layer nor damage to the glass could be detected for the selected fluence range.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143857713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to improve the flotation process, chemical engineering plays a significant role, particularly in the development of novel collectors. This paper utilized the novel collector 5-heptyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thione (HPSDT) to separate galena from sphalerite. The micro flotation demonstrated that HPSDT exhibited an excellent selectivity towards galena, and achieved the efficient flotation separation of galena from its mixture with sphalerite at pH 10. And HPSDT exhibited the greater hydrophobization to galena than sphalerite under pH 4–12. Overall, with lifting temperature, the contact angle of galena and sphalerite decreased, so did their flotation recovery. In situ AFM analyses indicated that HPSDT self-assembled on the galena surface to form aggregates, while no any aggregation was observed on the sphalerite surface. UV spectra reconfirmed the selective adsorption of HPSDT on galena rather than sphalerite. The adsorption of HPSDT on to galena was in good agreement with the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir isotherm, which was a spontaneous exothermic chemisorption process. FTIR and XPS analyses indicated that the HPSDT-Pb complexes were formed on galena surface through the interaction of surface Pb atoms with the N and S atoms of HPSDT, which oriented HPSDT’s heptyl group outward to adhere bubbles, and then to be hydrophobized and floated out.
{"title":"The selective flotation separation of galena from sphalerite with 5-heptyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thione: Emphasizing on adsorption mechanism","authors":"Mahmoud Mohamed Mohamed Ahmed, Zhiyong Zhang, Manman Liu, Guangsheng Zeng, Guangyi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163204","url":null,"abstract":"In order to improve the flotation process, chemical engineering plays a significant role, particularly in the development of novel collectors. This paper utilized the novel collector 5-heptyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thione (HPSDT) to separate galena from sphalerite. The micro flotation demonstrated that HPSDT exhibited an excellent selectivity towards galena, and achieved the efficient flotation separation of galena from its mixture with sphalerite at pH 10. And HPSDT exhibited the greater hydrophobization to galena than sphalerite under pH 4–12. Overall, with lifting temperature, the contact angle of galena and sphalerite decreased, so did their flotation recovery. In situ AFM analyses indicated that HPSDT self-assembled on the galena surface to form aggregates, while no any aggregation was observed on the sphalerite surface. UV spectra reconfirmed the selective adsorption of HPSDT on galena rather than sphalerite. The adsorption of HPSDT on to galena was in good agreement with the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir isotherm, which was a spontaneous exothermic chemisorption process. FTIR and XPS analyses indicated that the HPSDT-Pb complexes were formed on galena surface through the interaction of surface Pb atoms with the N and S atoms of HPSDT, which oriented HPSDT’s heptyl group outward to adhere bubbles, and then to be hydrophobized and floated out.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143853157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-21DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163324
Yi Li , Xiuyue Liu , Ye Sun , Miao Yu
Vacancy engineering of electrocatalysts is recognized as an effective approach to improve CO2 activation. Element doping, which enhances the electrical conductivity of electrocatalysts, can elevate the current density in the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Herein, we present a facile strategy to integrate elemental doping and vacancy engineering in one step. We select tin disulfide (SnS2) nanosheets as the parent electrocatalyst and phosphorus (P) as the doping element. Substituting the lower-valence S2− with the higher-valence P3−, S vacancies are generated, leading to the formation of P-doped SnS2-x. The combination of P doping with S vacancies (PDSVs) induces significant charge redistribution and electron accumulation, leading to catalytically active sites that lower the activation barrier and accelerate reduction kinetics, outperforming SnS2-x with S vacancies alone. Moreover, PDSVs narrow the band gap and introduce a new band at the Fermi level, showing a carrier density 5.9 times that of SnS2. As a result, P-SnS2-x delivers a current density of −31.4 mA cm−2 for HCOOH production at −1.2 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode. A Faraday efficiency >80 % for HCOOH is demonstrated over a large potential range. This work provides a one-step strategy for simultaneously achieving element doping and vacancy engineering in electrocatalysts.
{"title":"One-Step phosphorus doping integrated vacancy engineering for efficient carbon dioxide electrochemical reduction","authors":"Yi Li , Xiuyue Liu , Ye Sun , Miao Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vacancy engineering of electrocatalysts is recognized as an effective approach to improve CO<sub>2</sub> activation. Element doping, which enhances the electrical conductivity of electrocatalysts, can elevate the current density in the CO<sub>2</sub> reduction reaction (CO<sub>2</sub>RR). Herein, we present a facile strategy to integrate elemental doping and vacancy engineering in one step. We select tin disulfide (SnS<sub>2</sub>) nanosheets as the parent electrocatalyst and phosphorus (P) as the doping element. Substituting the lower-valence S<sup>2−</sup> with the higher-valence P<sup>3−</sup>, S vacancies are generated, leading to the formation of P-doped SnS<sub>2-x</sub>. The combination of P doping with S vacancies (PDSVs) induces significant charge redistribution and electron accumulation, leading to catalytically active sites that lower the activation barrier and accelerate reduction kinetics, outperforming SnS<sub>2-x</sub> with S vacancies alone. Moreover, PDSVs narrow the band gap and introduce a new band at the Fermi level, showing a carrier density 5.9 times that of SnS<sub>2</sub>. As a result, P-SnS<sub>2-x</sub> delivers a current density of −31.4 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> for HCOOH production at −1.2 V <em>vs.</em> the reversible hydrogen electrode. A Faraday efficiency >80 % for HCOOH is demonstrated over a large potential range. This work provides a one-step strategy for simultaneously achieving element doping and vacancy engineering in electrocatalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"701 ","pages":"Article 163324"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143853158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Metal-free heterostructure graphite carbon nitride (CN) with a covalent triazine framework (CTF) was synthesized by a heat-treatment process. characterized by XRD, TEM, and XPS, which revealed that CN exhibited excellent contact with the CTF, forming a CN/CTF heterostructure that significantly influenced the interface properties. The UV–vis DRS demonstrated enhanced absorption of visible light within the 450–700 nm rang, EIS revealed a significant decrease in interfacial charge transfer resistance, while the TPR results demonstrated the formation of a photo-induced p-n junction at the interface, facilitating efficient charge separation. photocatalytic experiments demonstrated that CN/CTF6 exhibited an ibuprofen photodegradation was 3.75 and 1.9 times higher than the activity of CN and CTF, respectively, under full spectrum and 4.8 and 8.4 times higher than that of CN and CTF, respectively, under visible-light. Furthermore, the CN/CTF3 exhibited HER rate of 10,756.46 μmol h−1, which is 4.4 and 64.5 times higher than that of CN and CTF, respectively, under full spectrum irradiation. In contrast, under visible light, CN and CTF achieved 9.2-fold and 8.7-fold over CN and CTF, respectively. This study presents a promising strategy for developing g-C3N4-based composites with significantly enhanced photocatalytic performances.
{"title":"Engineered covalent triazine framework/graphitic carbon nitride heterojunction with synergistically enhanced photocatalytic activity","authors":"Hiba Elmansour, Donghui Wang, Shuanglong Li, Haiyang Zhang, Yihang Fu, Feng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163326","url":null,"abstract":"Metal-free heterostructure graphite carbon nitride (CN) with a covalent triazine framework (CTF) was synthesized by a heat-treatment process. characterized by XRD, TEM, and XPS, which revealed that CN exhibited excellent contact with the CTF, forming a CN/CTF heterostructure that significantly influenced the interface properties. The UV–vis DRS demonstrated enhanced absorption of visible light within the 450–700 nm rang, EIS revealed a significant decrease in interfacial charge transfer resistance, while the TPR results demonstrated the formation of a photo-induced <em>p</em>-<em>n</em> junction at the interface, facilitating efficient charge separation. photocatalytic experiments demonstrated that CN/CTF6 exhibited an ibuprofen photodegradation was 3.75 and 1.9 times higher than the activity of CN and CTF, respectively, under full spectrum and 4.8 and 8.4 times higher than that of CN and CTF, respectively, under visible-light. Furthermore, the CN/CTF3 exhibited HER rate of 10,756.46 μmol h<sup>−1</sup>, which is 4.4 and 64.5 times higher than that of CN and CTF, respectively, under full spectrum irradiation. In contrast, under visible light, CN and CTF achieved 9.2-fold and 8.7-fold over CN and CTF, respectively. This study presents a promising strategy for developing <em>g</em>-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-based composites with significantly enhanced photocatalytic performances.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143857712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-20DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163317
Meiqi An , Conghui Tan , Hengshan Wang, Jing Li, Jijun Qiu, Jiao Xu, Yiming Yang
Layered organic–inorganic hybrid halide perovskites hold promises for memristive and synaptic devices with ultralow power consumption. However, the lead-based layered perovskites often contain organic cations which are subject to thermal and optical instability. Here we report lead-free resistive switching devices incorporating nanostructured all-inorganic perovskite Cs3Bi2Br9. Monocrystalline hexagonal microplates of Cs3Bi2Br9 were synthesized via a solution method featuring layered structure and smooth morphology. Upon sandwiched by sliver and conductive glass, the microplate devices exhibit resistive switching behavior under forming-free bias below 0.2 V. Ultrahigh on/off ratio up to 109 was recorded in these devices, favoring multi-level data storage capabilities within single memory units. The high switching ratio is attributed to the suppressed inter-layer electrical conductance of the microplates. In addition, the memristive devices demonstrate excellent stability over 20 months in ambient condition. This work offers insights into utilizing layered inorganic perovskite architectures for resistive switching devices with decoupled ionic and electronic transport.
{"title":"Layered lead-free perovskite memristors with ultrahigh on/off ratio","authors":"Meiqi An , Conghui Tan , Hengshan Wang, Jing Li, Jijun Qiu, Jiao Xu, Yiming Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Layered organic–inorganic hybrid halide perovskites hold promises for memristive and synaptic devices with ultralow power consumption. However, the lead-based layered perovskites often contain organic cations which are subject to thermal and optical instability. Here we report lead-free resistive switching devices incorporating nanostructured all-inorganic perovskite Cs<sub>3</sub>Bi<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>9</sub>. Monocrystalline hexagonal microplates of Cs<sub>3</sub>Bi<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>9</sub> were synthesized via a solution method featuring layered structure and smooth morphology. Upon sandwiched by sliver and conductive glass, the microplate devices exhibit resistive switching behavior under forming-free bias below 0.2 V. Ultrahigh on/off ratio up to 10<sup>9</sup> was recorded in these devices, favoring multi-level data storage capabilities within single memory units. The high switching ratio is attributed to the suppressed inter-layer electrical conductance of the microplates. In addition, the memristive devices demonstrate excellent stability over 20 months in ambient condition. This work offers insights into utilizing layered inorganic perovskite architectures for resistive switching devices with decoupled ionic and electronic transport.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"701 ","pages":"Article 163317"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143853701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diamond thin films have important applications in a wide range of fields. Nevertheless, their ultra-hard and ultra-thin nature imposes limitations on their machinability. The utilization of ultrafast lasers in the surface modification of diamond thin films has led to numerous significant applications. The present study investigates the properties of single-pulse femtosecond laser radiation on microcrystalline diamond (MCD) films and finds that the diamond films show three types of modifications, namely, nonablative graphitization, ablation, and ionization with the increase of laser energy, with the thresholds of 0.52 J/cm2 1.03 J/cm2 and 4.19 J/cm2, respectively. Furthermore, the irradiated area is characterized by an ’Arch-Crater-W like’ feature. The high-pressure expanding plasma, which is generated during the ionization process, exerts a polishing effect on the diamond surface, resulting in a reduction of the surface roughness (Ra) to 5.6 nm and a decrease in the maximum profile peak height (Rp) by 61 %. Moreover, it has been established that femtosecond laser radiation of MCD films will shield the Raman signal of the silicon substrate, achieving an exponential reduction. The combination of these characteristics with the unique properties of femtosecond laser radiation diamond coatings suggests their potential for use in microelectronic packaging, surface modification of optical devices, biosensor manufacturing, and other fields, thereby demonstrating their unique value as a technological application.
{"title":"Structural evolution of polycrystalline diamond films under single-pulse femtosecond laser irradiation","authors":"Daqi Zhang, Tao Chen, Yun Zhong, Yingjie Li, Jinhai Si, Xun Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163318","url":null,"abstract":"Diamond thin films have important applications in a wide range of fields. Nevertheless, their ultra-hard and ultra-thin nature imposes limitations on their machinability. The utilization of ultrafast lasers in the surface modification of diamond thin films has led to numerous significant applications. The present study investigates the properties of single-pulse femtosecond laser radiation on microcrystalline diamond (MCD) films and finds that the diamond films show three types of modifications, namely, nonablative graphitization, ablation, and ionization with the increase of laser energy, with the thresholds of 0.52 J/cm<sup>2</sup> 1.03 J/cm<sup>2</sup> and 4.19 J/cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. Furthermore, the irradiated area is characterized by an ’Arch-Crater-W like’ feature. The high-pressure expanding plasma, which is generated during the ionization process, exerts a polishing effect on the diamond surface, resulting in a reduction of the surface roughness (Ra) to 5.6 nm and a decrease in the maximum profile peak height (Rp) by 61 %. Moreover, it has been established that femtosecond laser radiation of MCD films will shield the Raman signal of the silicon substrate, achieving an exponential reduction. The combination of these characteristics with the unique properties of femtosecond laser radiation diamond coatings suggests their potential for use in microelectronic packaging, surface modification of optical devices, biosensor manufacturing, and other fields, thereby demonstrating their unique value as a technological application.<ul><li><span></span><span>Diamond; Thin films; Femtosecond laser; materials processing.</span></li></ul>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143853785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C coupling, significantly hindered its development. Herein, we developed a heterojunction photocatalyst NiS-Zn3In2S6/Bi2S3 (Ni-ZIS/Bi) for boosting the PAD reaction of benzylamine. Due to the enhanced density and spatial decoupling effectiveness of photogenerated charge carriers, Ni0.5%-ZIS/Bi1.2% exhibits 12.4-fold and 5.9-fold increase in production rate of H2 and N-benzylidenebenzylamine (NBBA), respectively, compared with Zn3In2S6. Notably, the selectivity of NBBA increased from 28.5 % of Zn3In2S6 to 98 % of NiS0.5%-ZIS/Bi1.2%. This study offers novel insight into the cooperative coupling of H2 production with organic transformation processes.
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