Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161815
Tran Trung Nguyen, Toshio Hayashi, Hiroshi Iwayama, Makoto Sekine, Masaru Hori, Kenji Ishikawa
Plasmas containing hydrofluorocarbon gases (CHF2CF3, CF3CH3, and CHF2CH3) are used for the selective removal of SiN, SiO2, and poly-Si films when manufacturing large-scale integrated circuits. Understanding the plasma chemistry of hydrofluorocarbons is important for gaining insight into the mechanisms of these selective-etching processes. The fragmental reactants produced by the reactive plasma are essential for evaluating and controlling highly accurate selective etching. This study examined such fragments using a primary dissociation ionization threshold quadrupole mass spectrometer at an electron energy of 20 eV. Their primary dissociative ionization thresholds were identified using photoelectron-photoion coincidence spectroscopy, with photon energies ranging from 10 to 28 eV. The results showed the following: (i) the CHF2CF3 molecule dissociated into ions such as CHF2+ and C2HF4+, which formed secondary ions, such as CF3+ and CF2+. The F-rich reactants effectively enhanced the etching of both SiO2 and SiN; (ii) the CF3CH3 molecule dissociated into ions such as C2H2F+ and C2H2F2+, while the dominant CF3+ remained as a crucial fragment for the primary etching of SiO2; (iii) the CHF2CH3 molecule predominantly yielded ions such as CHF2+, CF2CH3+ and CxHy+, promoting polymer film deposition on the surfaces of SiO2 and poly-Si.
{"title":"Hydrofluoroethane plasma etching of SiN, SiO2, and poly-Si films with CHF2CF3, CF3CH3, and CHF2CH3","authors":"Tran Trung Nguyen, Toshio Hayashi, Hiroshi Iwayama, Makoto Sekine, Masaru Hori, Kenji Ishikawa","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161815","url":null,"abstract":"Plasmas containing hydrofluorocarbon gases (CHF<sub>2</sub>CF<sub>3</sub>, CF<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>, and CHF<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>) are used for the selective removal of SiN, SiO<sub>2</sub>, and poly-Si films when manufacturing large-scale integrated circuits. Understanding the plasma chemistry of hydrofluorocarbons is important for gaining insight into the mechanisms of these selective-etching processes. The fragmental reactants produced by the reactive plasma are essential for evaluating and controlling highly accurate selective etching. This study examined such fragments using a primary dissociation ionization threshold quadrupole mass spectrometer at an electron energy of 20 eV. Their primary dissociative ionization thresholds were identified using photoelectron-photoion coincidence spectroscopy, with photon energies ranging from 10 to 28 eV. The results showed the following: (i) the CHF<sub>2</sub>CF<sub>3</sub> molecule dissociated into ions such as CHF<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> and C<sub>2</sub>HF<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, which formed secondary ions, such as CF<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> and CF<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>. The F-rich reactants effectively enhanced the etching of both SiO<sub>2</sub> and SiN; (ii) the CF<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> molecule dissociated into ions such as C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>F<sup>+</sup> and C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>, while the dominant CF<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> remained as a crucial fragment for the primary etching of SiO<sub>2</sub>; (iii) the CHF<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> molecule predominantly yielded ions such as CHF<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>, CF<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> and C<sub>x</sub>H<sub>y</sub><sup>+</sup>, promoting polymer film deposition on the surfaces of SiO<sub>2</sub> and poly-Si.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161740
Zheng Gao, Yang Xu, Yu Qi, Zhaochi Feng, Beibei Dong
Bismuth-based oxyhalides have attracted considerable research interest for visible-light-responsive oxygen evolution reaction, however, their ineffective light absorption and charge separation efficiencies remain a challenge. Herein, a novel visible-light-responsive 2D Bi2SmO4Cl nanosheet photocatalyst was designed by introducing rare-earth element Sm into BiOCl and thus its electronic structure microenvironment is commendably tailored to promote the light absorption and charge separation. Moreover, iodine doping and IrO2 cocatalyst are employed to give rise to IrO2-Bi2SmO4Cl1-xIx with a remarkable O2-evolving rate of 151.2 μmol·h−1 under visible light irradiation, which is more than 500-fold of pristine BiOCl. Both the Sm introduction and I doping significantly shorten the band gap and increase the charge separation efficiency. The density functional theory (DFT) calculation demonstrated that Sm can give electrons to other atoms, benefits the charge separation process and decreases the work function of oxygen evolution reaction. This work can offer new insights into the design and structure modulation of bismuth-based oxyhalides.
{"title":"Microenvironment Regulation of the electronic structure of bismuth oxychloride via rare-earth element Samarium doping for remarkable Visible-Light-Responsive oxygen evolution","authors":"Zheng Gao, Yang Xu, Yu Qi, Zhaochi Feng, Beibei Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161740","url":null,"abstract":"Bismuth-based oxyhalides have attracted considerable research interest for visible-light-responsive oxygen evolution reaction, however, their ineffective light absorption and charge separation efficiencies remain a challenge. Herein, a novel visible-light-responsive 2D Bi<sub>2</sub>SmO<sub>4</sub>Cl nanosheet photocatalyst was designed by introducing rare-earth element Sm into BiOCl and thus its electronic structure microenvironment is commendably tailored to promote the light absorption and charge separation. Moreover, iodine doping and IrO<sub>2</sub> cocatalyst are employed to give rise to IrO<sub>2</sub>-Bi<sub>2</sub>SmO<sub>4</sub>Cl<sub>1-x</sub>I<sub>x</sub> with a remarkable O<sub>2</sub>-evolving rate of 151.2 μmol·h<sup>−1</sup> under visible light irradiation, which is more than 500-fold of pristine BiOCl. Both the Sm introduction and I doping significantly shorten the band gap and increase the charge separation efficiency. The density functional theory (DFT) calculation demonstrated that Sm can give electrons to other atoms, benefits the charge separation process and decreases the work function of oxygen evolution reaction. This work can offer new insights into the design and structure modulation of bismuth-based oxyhalides.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tin oxide (SnO2)-based thin films were deposited on alumina printed circuit boards via electron beam evaporation to fabricate CO2 gas sensors operating at room temperature. Femtosecond laser surface nanotexturing was applied as a novel approach to optimize key gas sensitivity parameters, including surface roughness and grain size. Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the sensitive layer consists of a 1 µm SnO film with a non-stoichiometric SnO2 upper layer for the as-deposited film. The electronic disparity between these layers forms a native SnO-SnO2 interface, creating a p-n junction that enhances sensor sensitivity. This sensor shows a sensing response ranging from 7 % to 20 % for CO2 concentrations of 1000 to 2000 ppm, and up to 40 % at 5000 ppm. Laser irradiation introduced periodic surface structures (∼ 800 nm), increasing the roughness and the number of active sites for the gas sensing. Although no significant improvements were observed in terms of sensitivity, the fs-laser treated sensor exhibited enhanced stability and reproducibility, indicating its potential for low-energy consumption gas sensing platforms for indoor air quality applications.
{"title":"Engineered SnO2-based thin films for efficient CO2 gas sensing at room temperature","authors":"Eleonora Bolli , Alessandro Bellucci , Matteo Mastellone , Alessio Mezzi , Stefano Orlando , Riccardo Polini , Raffaella Salerno , Antonio Santagata , Veronica Valentini , Daniele Maria Trucchi","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tin oxide (SnO<sub>2</sub>)-based thin films were deposited on alumina printed circuit boards via electron beam evaporation to fabricate CO<sub>2</sub> gas sensors operating at room temperature. Femtosecond laser surface nanotexturing was applied as a novel approach to optimize key gas sensitivity parameters, including surface roughness and grain size. Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the sensitive layer consists of a 1 µm SnO film with a non-stoichiometric SnO<sub>2</sub> upper layer for the as-deposited film. The electronic disparity between these layers forms a native SnO-SnO<sub>2</sub> interface, creating a p-n junction that enhances sensor sensitivity. This sensor shows a sensing response ranging from 7 % to 20 % for CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations of 1000 to 2000 ppm, and up to 40 % at 5000 ppm. Laser irradiation introduced periodic surface structures (∼ 800 nm), increasing the roughness and the number of active sites for the gas sensing. Although no significant improvements were observed in terms of sensitivity, the fs-laser treated sensor exhibited enhanced stability and reproducibility, indicating its potential for low-energy consumption gas sensing platforms for indoor air quality applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"683 ","pages":"Article 161795"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161801
Daniel Piecha, Mateusz Szczerba, Renata Palowska, Mateusz M. Marzec, Krystian Sokołowski, Tomasz Uchacz, Lifeng Liu, Grzegorz D. Sulka, Agnieszka Brzózka
Here, we present how thermal selenization can be used in tandem with electrodeposition to prepare MoSe2-based materials. Mo precursors (thin films or nanowire arrays) were prepared via electrodeposition and thermally selenized at 500/600 °C for 2/3h. Scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy were used to determine the morphology, chemical and phase compositions of materials. The experimental results demonstrated changes in the morphology after selenization, like creation of circular grain domains in Mo films, and partial hollowing and coarsening of Mo nanowires. Selenization of both types of precursors resulted in phase-diverse MoSe2 products: hexagonal (2H) phase for Mo films, and mixture of trigonal and hexagonal (1T/2H) phases in the case of Mo nanowires. EDS measurements revealed that the Se content in Mo-Se films varied from 4.6 to 26.5 at.%, while in Mo-Se nanowires, it ranged from 54.7 to 61.4 at.%, which indicates that thermal selenization was more effective when the precursor was in the form of nanowires. This study suggests the potential to control parameters in the thermal selenization process such as substrate selection, temperature, and duration to develop innovative MoSe2-based electrodes for more efficient energy-related applications.
在此，我们介绍了如何将热硒化与电沉积同时用于制备基于 MoSe2 的材料。钼前驱体（薄膜或纳米线阵列）通过电沉积制备，并在 500/600 °C 下热硒化 2/3 小时。使用扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）、X 射线粉末衍射（XRD）、能量色散 X 射线光谱（EDS）、X 射线光电子能谱（XPS）和拉曼光谱测定材料的形态、化学成分和相组成。实验结果表明，硒化后的材料形态发生了变化，如 Mo 薄膜中产生了圆形晶域，Mo 纳米线部分空心化和粗化。对这两种前驱体进行硒化后，会产生相态多样的 MoSe2 产物：钼薄膜为六方（2H）相，而钼纳米线则为三方和六方（1T/2H）混合相。EDS 测量显示，钼-硒薄膜中的硒含量从 4.6% 到 26.5% 不等，而钼-硒纳米线中的硒含量则从 54.7% 到 61.4% 不等，这表明当前驱体为纳米线形式时，热硒化更为有效。这项研究表明，通过控制热硒化过程中的参数（如基底选择、温度和持续时间），有可能开发出基于 MoSe2 的创新电极，用于更高效的能源相关应用。
{"title":"Formation of 2H and 1T/2H MoSe2 via thermal selenization of electrodeposited Mo thin films and nanowires","authors":"Daniel Piecha, Mateusz Szczerba, Renata Palowska, Mateusz M. Marzec, Krystian Sokołowski, Tomasz Uchacz, Lifeng Liu, Grzegorz D. Sulka, Agnieszka Brzózka","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161801","url":null,"abstract":"Here, we present how thermal selenization can be used in tandem with electrodeposition to prepare MoSe<sub>2</sub>-based materials. Mo precursors (thin films or nanowire arrays) were prepared via electrodeposition and thermally selenized at 500/600 °C for 2/3h. Scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy were used to determine the morphology, chemical and phase compositions of materials. The experimental results demonstrated changes in the morphology after selenization, like creation of circular grain domains in Mo films, and partial hollowing and coarsening of Mo nanowires. Selenization of both types of precursors resulted in phase-diverse MoSe<sub>2</sub> products: hexagonal (2H) phase for Mo films, and mixture of trigonal and hexagonal (1T/2H) phases in the case of Mo nanowires. EDS measurements revealed that the Se content in Mo-Se films varied from 4.6 to 26.5 at.%, while in Mo-Se nanowires, it ranged from 54.7 to 61.4 at.%, which indicates that thermal selenization was more effective when the precursor was in the form of nanowires. This study suggests the potential to control parameters in the thermal selenization process such as substrate selection, temperature, and duration to develop innovative MoSe<sub>2</sub>-based electrodes for more efficient energy-related applications.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161804
Jingyao Cai, Yan Wei, Yanbing Zhu, Liyuan Tian, Jiandong Zhang, Yan Shen, Mingkui Wang
We report nitrogen-doped carbon-coating to increase rate capability and cycle stability of NaCrO2 cathode for sodium ion battery application. The nitrogen-doped carbon coating layer can effectively reduce electrode surface impedance and accelerate Na+ ion diffusion to allow high-rate performance. The coating layer can suppress the electrode/electrolyte side reactions and inhibit the degradation of NaCrO2, thereby markedly enhancing cathode cycling stability. Consequently, the NaCrO2 cathode exhibits a specific capacity of 95.6mAh/g at 50C and a capacity retention of 91.4 % after 1000 cycles at 10C.
{"title":"Nitrogen-doped carbon-coating enables high-rate capability and long-cycle stability of NaCrO2 cathode for sodium-ion battery","authors":"Jingyao Cai, Yan Wei, Yanbing Zhu, Liyuan Tian, Jiandong Zhang, Yan Shen, Mingkui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161804","url":null,"abstract":"We report nitrogen-doped carbon-coating to increase rate capability and cycle stability of NaCrO<sub>2</sub> cathode for sodium ion battery application. The nitrogen-doped carbon coating layer can effectively reduce electrode surface impedance and accelerate Na<sup>+</sup> ion diffusion to allow high-rate performance. The coating layer can suppress the electrode/electrolyte side reactions and inhibit the degradation of NaCrO<sub>2</sub>, thereby markedly enhancing cathode cycling stability. Consequently, the NaCrO<sub>2</sub> cathode exhibits a specific capacity of 95.6mAh/g at 50C and a capacity retention of 91.4 % after 1000 cycles at 10C.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161814
Xiaosong Li , Dan Wang , Hao Xu , Sujuan Zha , Wenchang Wang , Naotoshi Mitsuzaki , Zhidong Chen
The introduction of heteroatoms to carbon-based metal-free electrocatalysts has been verified to be a promising strategy for enhancing catalytic activity in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Nevertheless, it remains a challenge to precisely identify the real active configuration of heteroatoms doped carbon, particularly for dual-heteroatom doping. Herein, a facile strategy is described to synthesize a phosphorus-nitrogen co-doped carbon (PNC) metal-free electrocatalyst. Benefiting from the abundant micropores/mesopores and large surface area of PNC cubes, it delivers a superb ORR activity with a half-wave potential (E1/2 ∼ 0.870 V). More importantly, the experiment results demonstrate the strong correlation between the content of Graphitic N-C-P structure and kinetic current density. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations further unveil that the Graphitic N-C-P structure is the real active configuration of PNC. Notably, the doping of P atom can make the carbon atom adjacent to the Graphitic N be more positive, thereby optimizing the adsorption/desorption of ORR intermediates. Moreover, the assembled Zn-air battery (ZAB) based on PNC delivers outstanding long-term cycling stability for 420 h without significant decay. This work provides a path for the development of green and low-cost energy storage devices.
{"title":"Graphitic N-C-P configuration of phosphorus and nitrogen co-doped carbon for boosting the oxygen electroreduction","authors":"Xiaosong Li , Dan Wang , Hao Xu , Sujuan Zha , Wenchang Wang , Naotoshi Mitsuzaki , Zhidong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161814","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161814","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The introduction of heteroatoms to carbon-based metal-free electrocatalysts has been verified to be a promising strategy for enhancing catalytic activity in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Nevertheless, it remains a challenge to precisely identify the real active configuration of heteroatoms doped carbon, particularly for dual-heteroatom doping. Herein, a facile strategy is described to synthesize a phosphorus-nitrogen co-doped carbon (PNC) metal-free electrocatalyst. Benefiting from the abundant micropores/mesopores and large surface area of PNC cubes, it delivers a superb ORR activity with a half-wave potential (E<sub>1/2</sub> ∼ 0.870 V). More importantly, the experiment results demonstrate the strong correlation between the content of Graphitic N-C-P structure and kinetic current density. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations further unveil that the Graphitic N-C-P structure is the real active configuration of PNC. Notably, the doping of P atom can make the carbon atom adjacent to the Graphitic N be more positive, thereby optimizing the adsorption/desorption of ORR intermediates. Moreover, the assembled Zn-air battery (ZAB) based on PNC delivers outstanding long-term cycling stability for 420 h without significant decay. This work provides a path for the development of green and low-cost energy storage devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"683 ","pages":"Article 161814"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142610310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161783
Thuy Thanh Doan Nguyen , De Nguyen , Nguyet Nhu Thi Pham , Phuong Tuyet Nguyen
This study investigated the modification of TiO2 photoanodes using reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to enhance electron transport channels and prevent recombination processes, thereby improving the photovoltaic performance. Through the ultraviolet (UV)-assisted photoreduction of GO on TiO2 coated on a fluoride tin oxide substrate (FTO|TiO2), we demonstrated the successful integration of rGO. This was evidenced by the increased Csp2 content observed during X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and reduced photogenerated electron–hole recombination observed during photoluminescence spectroscopy. The incorporation of rGO significantly improved the photocurrent density and power conversion efficiency (PCE). A 12 % increase was observed in the PCE, which reached 8.5 % when the UV irradiation time was optimized from 10 to 15 min compared with the 7.57 % in the standard cell (rGO-0 min). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed that the optimized rGO content enhanced the electron lifetime and recombination resistance, attributable to the high conductivity and large specific surface area of rGO. DFT simulation further elucidated how improved charge separation and transport mechanisms of TiO2–rGO heterojunction. This study highlights the potential of TiO2–rGO materials as promising electrodes for improving the efficiency, capacity, and stability of dye-sensitized solar cells.
{"title":"Surface modification of TiO2 photoanode in dye-sensitized solar cells using reduced graphene oxide: A computational and experimental study","authors":"Thuy Thanh Doan Nguyen , De Nguyen , Nguyet Nhu Thi Pham , Phuong Tuyet Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161783","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161783","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the modification of TiO<sub>2</sub> photoanodes using reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to enhance electron transport channels and prevent recombination processes, thereby improving the photovoltaic performance. Through the ultraviolet (UV)-assisted photoreduction of GO on TiO<sub>2</sub> coated on a fluoride tin oxide substrate (FTO|TiO<sub>2</sub>), we demonstrated the successful integration of rGO. This was evidenced by the increased Csp<sup>2</sup> content observed during X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and reduced photogenerated electron–hole recombination observed during photoluminescence spectroscopy. The incorporation of rGO significantly improved the photocurrent density and power conversion efficiency (PCE). A 12 % increase was observed in the PCE, which reached 8.5 % when the UV irradiation time was optimized from 10 to 15 min compared with the 7.57 % in the standard cell (rGO-0 min). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed that the optimized rGO content enhanced the electron lifetime and recombination resistance, attributable to the high conductivity and large specific surface area of rGO. DFT simulation further elucidated how improved charge separation and transport mechanisms of TiO<sub>2</sub>–rGO heterojunction. This study highlights the potential of TiO<sub>2</sub>–rGO materials as promising electrodes for improving the efficiency, capacity, and stability of dye-sensitized solar cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"683 ","pages":"Article 161783"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142610302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161794
Min Yu, Yunzhe Zhang, Peiyuan Lv, Hui Chen
Cold spraying is considered as a promising technique for fabricating CuCrZr deposits attributed to its distinct plastic deformation feature. In the present study, the feasibility of this technique is validated through exploring correlations between the interface microstructure with mechanical and thermal properties. Assessment of structure–property correlations was attempted based on particle interface characteristics, together with Cr and Zr precipitates, and mechanical and thermal properties using electron backscatter diffraction, nanoindentation, adhesive shear strength and thermal conduction tests. Results show that annealing heat treatment reconstructs the particle interface through recovery and growth of ultrafine grains, leading to the reduction of porosity and enhancement of shear strength and toughness. Coupled with the re-crystallized fine grains and precipitation strengthening of the Cr oxide and CuxZry phase, the decrease in hardness due to the release of work hardening in the annealed deposits could be compensated, thereby demonstrating good thermal stability. Finally, the combination of decreased porosity and strengthened interface bonding causes the increased heat conductivity of the annealed deposits. Therefore, the combined technique of cold spraying and annealing heat treatment may be a potential solution for balancing the strength and thermal conductivity of CuCrZr.
{"title":"Relationship between particle interface structure and performance of cold sprayed CuCrZr deposit","authors":"Min Yu, Yunzhe Zhang, Peiyuan Lv, Hui Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cold spraying is considered as a promising technique for fabricating CuCrZr deposits attributed to its distinct plastic deformation feature. In the present study, the feasibility of this technique is validated through exploring correlations between the interface microstructure with mechanical and thermal properties. Assessment of structure–property correlations was attempted based on particle interface characteristics, together with Cr and Zr precipitates, and mechanical and thermal properties using electron backscatter diffraction, nanoindentation, adhesive shear strength and thermal conduction tests. Results show that annealing heat treatment reconstructs the particle interface through recovery and growth of ultrafine grains, leading to the reduction of porosity and enhancement of shear strength and toughness. Coupled with the re-crystallized fine grains and precipitation strengthening of the Cr oxide and Cu<sub>x</sub>Zr<sub>y</sub> phase, the decrease in hardness due to the release of work hardening in the annealed deposits could be compensated, thereby demonstrating good thermal stability. Finally, the combination of decreased porosity and strengthened interface bonding causes the increased heat conductivity of the annealed deposits. Therefore, the combined technique of cold spraying and annealing heat treatment may be a potential solution for balancing the strength and thermal conductivity of CuCrZr.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"683 ","pages":"Article 161794"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142610253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161727
Yiyang Shan , Xingkun Wang , Xu Zheng , Xiang Zhao , Ze Feng , Weihua Wang , Yahui Cheng , Hui Liu , Kui Tan , Feng Luo , Hong Dong
Molecular layer deposition (MLD) of metal oxide and organic hybrid thin films has great potential to be utilized in extreme ultraviolet photoresist, thanks to its excellent uniformity on the nanometer scale thickness control. Zn has large photoelectron effect cross-section, resulting in lots of secondary electrons, which can break the organic bonds, causing changes in solubility upon the ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. In this work, Zn-based MLD thin films have been demonstrated for their potential to be used as photoresist for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) application. UV light exposure mechanisms have been proposed based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis.
金属氧化物和有机杂化薄膜的分子层沉积（MLD）在纳米级厚度控制上具有极佳的均匀性，因此在极紫外光阻剂中具有巨大的应用潜力。Zn 具有较大的光电子效应截面，会产生大量的次级电子，这些次级电子会破坏有机键，从而在紫外线（UV）照射下导致溶解度发生变化。在这项研究中，Zn 基 MLD 薄膜被证明具有用作极紫外（EUV）光刻胶的潜力。根据 X 射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析提出了紫外线照射机制。
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Pub Date : 2024-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161789
A.M. Tarditi , A. Santa-Arango , G.E. Gonzalez , Y. Escalante , L. Cornaglia , C. Ostos
Electroless-deposited PdAu and PdNi alloy samples were analyzed using near-ambient X-ray photoelectron Spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) under H2, CO, and CO2-containing streams. Gold enrichment in the near-surface region was evidenced in the PdAu sample under all the analyzed conditions, while palladium increment to the surface was observed in the PdNi alloy. The appearance of a new contribution on the Pd 3d core-level region evidenced the formation of PdHx species on the surface. Competitive CO adsorption and the formation of CHx species at the surface led to the partial blocking of hydrogen adsorption sites, thereby decreasing the PdHx formation. Methane production was detected under CO/H2 and CO2/H2 mixtures in both PdAu and PdNi alloy samples. Our findings demonstrate that both competitive adsorption and the formation of CHx or carbide species on the surface of PdAu and PdNi alloys can negatively influence hydrogen permeation through Pd-based membranes.
在含 H2、CO 和 CO2 的气流条件下，使用近环境 X 射线光电子能谱（NAP-XPS）分析了无电解沉积 PdAu 和 PdNi 合金样品。在所有分析条件下，PdAu 样品的近表面区域都出现了金富集现象，而 PdNi 合金的表面则出现了钯增量现象。在 Pd 3d 核级区域出现的新贡献证明了表面 PdHx 物种的形成。竞争性 CO 吸附和表面 CHx 物种的形成导致氢吸附位点的部分阻断，从而减少了 PdHx 的形成。在 PdAu 和 PdNi 合金样品中的 CO/H2 和 CO2/H2 混合物中都检测到了甲烷的产生。我们的研究结果表明，PdAu 和 PdNi 合金表面的竞争吸附和 CHx 或碳化物的形成都会对钯基膜的氢气渗透产生负面影响。
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