Pub Date : 2026-05-30Epub Date: 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166196
Qian Wang , Qiuchen Wang , Weijian Yuan , Haiyuan Zhang , Yuheng Zhang , Xinyue Chi , Dianpeng Qi , Hairui Wang , Jianfeng Wu , Xuelin Zhang
Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are extremely toxic and pose serious threats, requiring highly sensitive and selective detection strategies. Herein, a plasmonic S-scheme heterojunction (Ag@PDI-OH/CN) combining perylene diimide (PDI-OH) and graphitic carbon nitride (CN) through strong π–π interactions is reported, which significantly enhances interfacial charge separation and transport. Incorporation of silver nanoparticles boosts light absorption via surface plasmon resonance, while the S-scheme built-in electric field suppresses charge recombination. The composite was fabricated into an all-in-one photoelectrochemical sensor, incorporating a compact detection module and wireless module for convenient portable detection, achieving ultralow detection of the mustard gas simulant CEES (93 nmol L−1), excellent selectivity, and long-term operational stability over 100 cycles without performance degradation. These results highlight the critical role of π–π interactions in optimizing photoelectrochemical processes and provide a general strategy for high-performance PEC sensors for CWA detection.
{"title":"Portable photoelectrochemical platform with plasmon-enhanced S-scheme heterojunction for sensitive detection of mustard gas simulant","authors":"Qian Wang , Qiuchen Wang , Weijian Yuan , Haiyuan Zhang , Yuheng Zhang , Xinyue Chi , Dianpeng Qi , Hairui Wang , Jianfeng Wu , Xuelin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are extremely toxic and pose serious threats, requiring highly sensitive and selective detection strategies. Herein, a plasmonic S-scheme heterojunction (Ag@PDI-OH/CN) combining perylene diimide (PDI-OH) and graphitic carbon nitride (CN) through strong π–π interactions is reported, which significantly enhances interfacial charge separation and transport. Incorporation of silver nanoparticles boosts light absorption via surface plasmon resonance, while the S-scheme built-in electric field suppresses charge recombination. The composite was fabricated into an all-in-one photoelectrochemical sensor, incorporating a compact detection module and wireless module for convenient portable detection, achieving ultralow detection of the mustard gas simulant CEES (93 nmol L<sup>−1</sup>), excellent selectivity, and long-term operational stability over 100 cycles without performance degradation. These results highlight the critical role of π–π interactions in optimizing photoelectrochemical processes and provide a general strategy for high-performance PEC sensors for CWA detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"729 ","pages":"Article 166196"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146110082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To mitigate the severe anodic degradation caused by chloride-induced corrosion during alkaline seawater electrolysis, this study proposes a synergistic ’Engine-Shield’, implemented through the in situ construction of core–shell CeCO3OH@FeOOH nanoarrays. This catalyst comprises a highly active iron oxyhydroxide (FeOOH) “engine” core encapsulated within a multifunctional cerium hydroxycarbonate (CeCO3OH) protective layer acting as a ’shield’. The catalyst exhibits exceptional electrocatalytic activity, requiring an overpotential of only 247 mV to drive an industrial-grade current density of 500 mA cm−2 in alkaline simulated seawater (1 M KOH + 0.5 M NaCl). Notably, the catalyst demonstrates exceptional durability, operating stably for 1000 h at demanding current densities of 500 mA cm−2 and 1 A cm−2, while maintaining near-unity Faradaic efficiency. Mechanistic investigations reveal that the CeCO3OH shield suppresses Fe ion dissolution by a factor of ∼40 via electrostatic repulsion. Furthermore, interfacial electronic coupling enriches oxygen vacancies and optimizes the electronic structure of the Fe active sites. These effects synergistically enhance the catalyst’s intrinsic activity and corrosion resistance. This study substantiates that the shield effectively repels Cl− ions, ensuring durability in high-pH saline environments and providing a robust solution to the anode corrosion bottleneck in seawater splitting.
为了减轻碱性海水电解过程中氯化物引起的严重阳极腐蚀，本研究提出了一种协同的“发动机-屏蔽”，通过原位构建核-壳CeCO3OH@FeOOH纳米阵列来实现。该催化剂由一个高活性的氢氧化铁（FeOOH）“发动机”核心组成，核心包裹在一个多功能的羟基碳酸铈（CeCO3OH）保护层中，起到“屏蔽”的作用。该催化剂表现出优异的电催化活性，在碱性模拟海水（1 M KOH + 0.5 M NaCl）中，只需要247 mV的过电位就能驱动500 mA cm−2的工业级电流密度。值得注意的是，该催化剂表现出优异的耐久性，在500 mA cm - 2和1 A cm - 2的电流密度下稳定运行1000小时，同时保持接近统一的法拉第效率。机理研究表明，CeCO3OH屏蔽层通过静电斥力抑制铁离子溶解约40倍。此外，界面电子耦合丰富了氧空位，优化了Fe活性位点的电子结构。这些作用协同提高催化剂的内在活性和耐腐蚀性。该研究证实，屏蔽层有效地排斥Cl -离子，确保在高ph盐环境中的耐久性，并为海水分裂中的阳极腐蚀瓶颈提供了强有力的解决方案。
{"title":"The “Engine-Shield” strategy: multifunctional cerium hydroxycarbonate encapsulation of iron oxyhydroxide for durable alkaline seawater electrolysis","authors":"Mingliang Li, Xuewen Tang, Kaijin Guo, Guangming Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.165966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.165966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To mitigate the severe anodic degradation caused by chloride-induced corrosion during alkaline seawater electrolysis, this study proposes a synergistic ’Engine-Shield’, implemented through the <em>in situ</em> construction of core–shell CeCO<sub>3</sub>OH@FeOOH nanoarrays. This catalyst comprises a highly active iron oxyhydroxide (FeOOH) “engine” core encapsulated within a multifunctional cerium hydroxycarbonate (CeCO<sub>3</sub>OH) protective layer acting as a ’shield’. The catalyst exhibits exceptional electrocatalytic activity, requiring an overpotential of only 247 mV to drive an industrial-grade current density of 500 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> in alkaline simulated seawater (1 M KOH + 0.5 M NaCl). Notably, the catalyst demonstrates exceptional durability, operating stably for 1000 h at demanding current densities of 500 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> and 1 A cm<sup>−2</sup>, while maintaining near-unity Faradaic efficiency. Mechanistic investigations reveal that the CeCO<sub>3</sub>OH shield suppresses Fe ion dissolution by a factor of ∼40 via electrostatic repulsion. Furthermore, interfacial electronic coupling enriches oxygen vacancies and optimizes the electronic structure of the Fe active sites. These effects synergistically enhance the catalyst’s intrinsic activity and corrosion resistance. This study substantiates that the shield effectively repels Cl<sup>−</sup> ions, ensuring durability in high-pH saline environments and providing a robust solution to the anode corrosion bottleneck in seawater splitting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"729 ","pages":"Article 165966"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146072355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-30Epub Date: 2026-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166177
Zhaokai Yao , Huitao Guo , Hong Zeng , Fangping Wang , Qi Sun , Lin Bai , Rongshan Zhou , Qingquan Xiao , Xu Li , Li Zhang , Guifen Fan , Fangfang Zeng , Qibin Liu
BiFeO3-BaTiO3-based lead-free piezoceramics have recently gained significant attention owing to their high Curie temperature. To enhance electrostrain, various strategies have been explored—such as introducing a third element and constructing defect dipoles. However, while defect engineering efforts have predominantly focused on A-site defect dipoles for electrostrain improvement, research targeting B-site defects remains notably scarce. Therefore, in the work, a novel 0.7BiFexO3-0.3BaTiO3 systems with a low sintering temperature (at 840 ℃) and a high Curie temperature (>500 ℃) has been successfully prepared. In this system, defect dipoles are built by reducing Fe3+ content. The electorstrain in the aged sample has been increased by 132% (at 45 kV/cm) than that of the virgin sample, attributed to the formation of a built-in electric field, which facilitates non-180° domain switching along some electric field direction. Defect dipoles are explored in depth, and the domain configuration is carefully studied by TEM and PFM. This study provides crucial insights for designing eco-friendly, high-performance lead-free piezoelectric ceramics.
{"title":"Defect engineering enables low-temperature synthesis of BF-BT piezoceramics with enhanced electric field-induced strain","authors":"Zhaokai Yao , Huitao Guo , Hong Zeng , Fangping Wang , Qi Sun , Lin Bai , Rongshan Zhou , Qingquan Xiao , Xu Li , Li Zhang , Guifen Fan , Fangfang Zeng , Qibin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>BiFeO<sub>3</sub>-BaTiO<sub>3</sub>-based lead-free piezoceramics have recently gained significant attention owing to their high Curie temperature. To enhance electrostrain, various strategies have been explored—such as introducing a third element and constructing defect dipoles. However, while defect engineering efforts have predominantly focused on<!--> <!-->A-site<!--> <!-->defect dipoles for electrostrain improvement, research targeting<!--> <!-->B-site<!--> <!-->defects remains notably scarce. Therefore, in the work, a novel 0.7BiFe<em><sub>x</sub></em>O<sub>3</sub>-0.3BaTiO<sub>3</sub> systems with a low sintering temperature (at 840 ℃) and a high Curie temperature (>500 ℃) has been successfully prepared. In this system, defect dipoles are built by reducing Fe<sup>3+</sup> content. The electorstrain in the aged sample has been increased by 132% (at 45 kV/cm) than that of the virgin sample, attributed to the formation of a built-in electric field, which facilitates non-180° domain switching along some electric field direction. Defect dipoles are explored in depth, and the domain configuration is carefully studied by TEM and PFM. This study provides crucial insights for designing eco-friendly, high-performance lead-free piezoelectric ceramics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"729 ","pages":"Article 166177"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146129499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-30Epub Date: 2026-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166223
Hyun Jin Kim , Jeong Ho Na , Haeseong Jang , Jin-Sung Park , Seung-Keun Park
Potassium–selenium (K–Se) batteries are regarded as promising next-generation energy-storage systems due to their high theoretical energy density and the natural abundance of potassium resources. Nevertheless, at high selenium loadings, the intrinsically low conductivity of selenium and its significant volume expansion during repeated cycling severely limit practical utilization and long-term stability. To address these issues, we propose a hierarchically porous carbon host specifically designed to accommodate high selenium contents while simultaneously mitigating structural degradation and enhancing electronic pathways. Hierarchically porous flower-shaped carbon spheres (HP-FCSs) were fabricated via KOH activation, followed by the incorporation of 70 wt% selenium. The HP-FCS framework integrates interconnected micropores and mesopores with a defect-enriched graphitic network, which collectively ensure uniform selenium dispersion, strong confinement, accelerated ion/electron transport, and efficient buffering of volume changes. Consequently, the Se70@HP-FCS electrode achieves a reversible capacity of 156.5 mA h g−1 after 500 cycles at 0.5C with 68.1% retention, and delivers 184.8 mA h g−1 at 3.0C. These results highlight the crucial role of hierarchical porosity and surface defect engineering in enabling both high selenium loading and prolonged cycling stability, providing valuable insights into the rational design of advanced electrode architectures for potassium–selenium batteries.
钾硒电池由于具有较高的理论能量密度和天然丰富的钾资源，被认为是有前途的下一代储能系统。然而，在高硒负荷下，硒本质上的低电导率及其在重复循环过程中的显著体积膨胀严重限制了硒的实际利用和长期稳定性。为了解决这些问题，我们提出了一种分层多孔碳宿主，专门设计用于容纳高硒含量，同时减轻结构降解和增强电子途径。层次化多孔花状碳球（HP-FCSs）通过KOH活化，然后掺入70%的硒制备。HP-FCS框架将相互连接的微孔和介孔与富含缺陷的石墨网络集成在一起，共同确保均匀的硒分散，强约束，加速离子/电子传输以及有效缓冲体积变化。因此，Se70@HP-FCS电极在0.5C下循环500次后的可逆容量为156.5 mA h g−1，保留率为68.1%，在3.0C下可提供184.8 mA h g−1。这些结果强调了分层孔隙度和表面缺陷工程在实现高硒负载和长周期稳定性方面的关键作用，为钾硒电池先进电极结构的合理设计提供了有价值的见解。
{"title":"Hierarchically porous flower-like N-doped carbon spheres engineered via KOH activation for high Se loading in K–Se batteries","authors":"Hyun Jin Kim , Jeong Ho Na , Haeseong Jang , Jin-Sung Park , Seung-Keun Park","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Potassium–selenium (K–Se) batteries are regarded as promising next-generation energy-storage systems due to their high theoretical energy density and the natural abundance of potassium resources. Nevertheless, at high selenium loadings, the intrinsically low conductivity of selenium and its significant volume expansion during repeated cycling severely limit practical utilization and long-term stability. To address these issues, we propose a hierarchically porous carbon host specifically designed to accommodate high selenium contents while simultaneously mitigating structural degradation and enhancing electronic pathways. Hierarchically porous flower-shaped carbon spheres (HP-FCSs) were fabricated via KOH activation, followed by the incorporation of 70 wt% selenium. The HP-FCS framework integrates interconnected micropores and mesopores with a defect-enriched graphitic network, which collectively ensure uniform selenium dispersion, strong confinement, accelerated ion/electron transport, and efficient buffering of volume changes. Consequently, the Se70@HP-FCS electrode achieves a reversible capacity of 156.5 mA h g<sup>−1</sup> after 500 cycles at 0.5C with 68.1% retention, and delivers 184.8 mA h g<sup>−1</sup> at 3.0C. These results highlight the crucial role of hierarchical porosity and surface defect engineering in enabling both high selenium loading and prolonged cycling stability, providing valuable insights into the rational design of advanced electrode architectures for potassium–selenium batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"729 ","pages":"Article 166223"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-30Epub Date: 2026-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166211
Min Ling , Yuan-Sheng Cheng , Yi-Fei Huang , Ziqing Xu , Konglin Wu , Dongdong Liu , Pan Pan , Ju Wu
The photocatalytic hydrogenolysis of lignin-derived β-O-4 linkages offers a sustainable pathway to aromatic chemicals; however, its efficiency is often hindered by sluggish proton transfer and competing hydrogen evolution. Herein, we present a synergistic strategy to enhance the hydrogenolysis of 2-phenoxy-1-phenylethanone (PP-one) by coupling the oxidative dehydrogenation of 1-phenylethanol (1-Pol) with water splitting over metal sulfide-decorated, sulfur vacancy-rich ZnIn2S4 (M-ZIS-V). Among the catalysts prepared, the optimal 1% Ag-ZIS-V catalyst exhibits the highest PP-one hydrogenolysis activity, achieving a phenol generation rate of 1002.7 μmol g−1 h−1. Experimental and theoretical analyses demonstrate that the introduced metal sulfides, particularly Ag2S, not only facilitates electron extraction from ZIS but also promotes PP-one activation by lowering the C–O bond cleavage barrier, directing the reaction pathway toward hydrogenolysis rather than H2 evolution. This work provides fundamental insights for designing photocatalytic lignin valorization systems and paves the way for developing advanced cocatalysts through rational site engineering.
{"title":"Boosting lignin β-O-4 ketone models hydrogenolysis via a dual-reaction photocatalytic system over co-catalyst decorated sulfur vacancy-rich ZnIn2S4","authors":"Min Ling , Yuan-Sheng Cheng , Yi-Fei Huang , Ziqing Xu , Konglin Wu , Dongdong Liu , Pan Pan , Ju Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The photocatalytic hydrogenolysis of lignin-derived β-O-4 linkages offers a sustainable pathway to aromatic chemicals; however, its efficiency is often hindered by sluggish proton transfer and competing hydrogen evolution. Herein, we present a synergistic strategy to enhance the hydrogenolysis of 2-phenoxy-1-phenylethanone (PP-one) by coupling the oxidative dehydrogenation of 1-phenylethanol (1-Pol) with water splitting over metal sulfide-decorated, sulfur vacancy-rich ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> (M-ZIS-V). Among the catalysts prepared, the optimal 1% Ag-ZIS-V catalyst exhibits the highest PP-one hydrogenolysis activity, achieving a phenol generation rate of 1002.7 μmol g<sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>. Experimental and theoretical analyses demonstrate that the introduced metal sulfides, particularly Ag<sub>2</sub>S, not only facilitates electron extraction from ZIS but also promotes PP-one activation by lowering the C–O bond cleavage barrier, directing the reaction pathway toward hydrogenolysis rather than H<sub>2</sub> evolution. This work provides fundamental insights for designing photocatalytic lignin valorization systems and paves the way for developing advanced cocatalysts through rational site engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"729 ","pages":"Article 166211"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-30Epub Date: 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166245
Jiangli Wu , Changgeng Li , Shunxing Wan , Wei Shang , Xiu-Zhi Tang , Yunjun Ruan , Tong Guo
With the rapid evolution of wearable electronic technologies, single-functional films have become insufficient to satisfy the increasingly complex and diversified performance requirements of next-generation devices. Nevertheless, achieving the cross-scale integration of materials and the balance of multiple functionalities remains a significant challenge in the design of multifunctional flexible films. To address this issue, a flexible multifunctional composite film (LMS) with a brick–sand architecture was fabricated via a facile vacuum filtration approach, integrating liquid metal (LM), MXene, and sodium alginate (SA) to achieve synergistically enhanced properties. The unique brick–sand structure composed of three functional components effectively reinforces interfacial friction and a variety of noncovalent interactions, including hydrogen bonding, dipole–dipole interactions, and van der Waals forces, thereby imparting the film with superior mechanical robustness. Owing to the intrinsic high electrical conductivity of MXene and the hierarchical layered configuration of the composite, the LMS film exhibits remarkable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and stress-sensing capabilities. Furthermore, liquid metal microdroplets are uniformly distributed between the layers, forming an in-plane dual percolation network with MXene that simultaneously promotes electrical and thermal conduction, thus enhancing electro-/photothermal conversion efficiency. As a result, the LMS film demonstrates outstanding comprehensive performance, including high tensile strength (98.49 MPa), excellent EMI shielding effectiveness (45 dB, 28,347.17 dB cm2 g⁻1), efficient electrothermal heating (6 V, 73.3 °C), and superior photothermal conversion (71.8 °C within 280 s). These findings highlight the promising potential of the LMS film as a multifunctional, flexible shielding material for next-generation wearable electronic devices.
随着可穿戴电子技术的快速发展，单一功能的薄膜已经无法满足下一代设备日益复杂和多样化的性能要求。然而，实现材料的跨尺度集成和多种功能的平衡仍然是多功能柔性薄膜设计的重大挑战。为了解决这一问题，通过简单的真空过滤方法制备了具有砖砂结构的柔性多功能复合膜（LMS），将液态金属（LM）、MXene和海藻酸钠（SA）整合在一起，以实现协同增强的性能。由三种功能组分组成的独特砖砂结构有效地加强了界面摩擦和各种非共价相互作用，包括氢键、偶极子-偶极子相互作用和范德华力，从而赋予薄膜优越的机械坚固性。由于MXene固有的高导电性和复合材料的分层结构，LMS薄膜具有显著的电磁干扰屏蔽（EMI）和应力传感能力。此外，液态金属微滴均匀分布在层间，与MXene形成平面内双渗透网络，同时促进了电导和热传导，从而提高了电/光热转换效率。因此,LMS电影展示了出色的综合性能,包括抗拉强度高(98.49 MPa),优秀的EMI屏蔽效能(45 dB, 28347 .17 dB cm2 g⁻1),高效电热加热(6 V, 73.3 °C),和优越的光热光谱分析转换(71.8 °C 280 s)内。这些发现突出了LMS薄膜作为下一代可穿戴电子设备的多功能柔性屏蔽材料的巨大潜力。
{"title":"Synergistic brick–sand structured liquid metal/MXene/sodium alginate films for high-performance flexible multifunctional devices","authors":"Jiangli Wu , Changgeng Li , Shunxing Wan , Wei Shang , Xiu-Zhi Tang , Yunjun Ruan , Tong Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid evolution of wearable electronic technologies, single-functional films have become insufficient to satisfy the increasingly complex and diversified performance requirements of next-generation devices. Nevertheless, achieving the cross-scale integration of materials and the balance of multiple functionalities remains a significant challenge in the design of multifunctional flexible films. To address this issue, a flexible multifunctional composite film (LMS) with a brick–sand architecture was fabricated via a facile vacuum filtration approach, integrating liquid metal (LM), MXene, and sodium alginate (SA) to achieve synergistically enhanced properties. The unique brick–sand structure composed of three functional components effectively reinforces interfacial friction and a variety of noncovalent interactions, including hydrogen bonding, dipole–dipole interactions, and van der Waals forces, thereby imparting the film with superior mechanical robustness. Owing to the intrinsic high electrical conductivity of MXene and the hierarchical layered configuration of the composite, the LMS film exhibits remarkable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and stress-sensing capabilities. Furthermore, liquid metal microdroplets are uniformly distributed between the layers, forming an in-plane dual percolation network with MXene that simultaneously promotes electrical and thermal conduction, thus enhancing electro-/photothermal conversion efficiency. As a result, the LMS film demonstrates outstanding comprehensive performance, including high tensile strength (98.49 MPa), excellent EMI shielding effectiveness (45 dB, 28,347.17 dB cm<sup>2</sup> g⁻<sup>1</sup>), efficient electrothermal heating (6 V, 73.3 °C), and superior photothermal conversion (71.8 °C within 280 s). These findings highlight the promising potential of the LMS film as a multifunctional, flexible shielding material for next-generation wearable electronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"729 ","pages":"Article 166245"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-30Epub Date: 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166242
Saikat Das , Abhishek Hazarika , Rachita Newar , Nitul Kalita , Binoy K. Saikia , Mohammad Qureshi , Arabinda Baruah
Herein, a novel g-C3N5/Fe3O4 composite was successfully fabricated and characterized, employing discarded metal oil containers as an economical and eco-friendly iron source for synthesizing Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The integration of g-C3N5, which features a narrower band gap and superior surface adsorption capability compared to the conventional g-C3N4, notably improved the composites’ visible light absorption and dye adsorption properties. Among all the synthesized samples, the FeGCN 1:2 composite, with the highest Fe3O4 loading, demonstrated exceptional photocatalytic efficiency, achieving 98% methylene blue degradation in the presence of visible light within a short duration, having a rate constant of pseudo-first-order kinetics of 0.02303 min−1. Methylene blue, which is a cationic dye, has been used here as a model water pollutant for photocatalytic performance evaluation of the engineered material. The remarkable photocatalytic enhancement was mainly attributed to the synergistic interplay between g-C3N5 and Fe3O4, which promoted effective charge carrier separation and facilitated the formation of reactive oxidative species. Furthermore, utilizing waste-derived Fe3O4 not only minimized production costs but also promoted environmental sustainability by valorizing waste materials. Consequently, this study offers a green, cost-effective, and efficient strategy for the development of advanced photocatalysts for dye degradation and other environmental purification applications.
{"title":"Synthesis and mechanistic investigation of scrap metal-derived Fe3O4/g-C3N5 heterojunction photocatalyst for efficient H2O2-assisted degradation of cationic dye under visible light","authors":"Saikat Das , Abhishek Hazarika , Rachita Newar , Nitul Kalita , Binoy K. Saikia , Mohammad Qureshi , Arabinda Baruah","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, a novel g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>5</sub>/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> <!-->composite was successfully fabricated and characterized,<!--> <!-->employing discarded metal oil containers as an economical and eco-friendly iron source for synthesizing Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> <!-->nanoparticles. The integration of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>5</sub>, which features a narrower band gap and superior surface adsorption capability compared to the conventional g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, notably improved the composites’ visible light absorption and dye adsorption properties. Among all the synthesized samples, the FeGCN 1:2 composite, with the highest Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> <!-->loading, demonstrated exceptional photocatalytic efficiency, achieving 98% methylene blue degradation in the presence of visible light within a short duration, having a rate constant of pseudo-first-order kinetics of 0.02303 min<sup>−1</sup>. Methylene blue, which is a cationic dye, has been used here as a model water pollutant for photocatalytic performance evaluation of the engineered material. The remarkable photocatalytic enhancement was mainly attributed to the synergistic interplay between g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>5</sub> <!-->and Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, which promoted effective charge carrier separation and facilitated the formation of reactive oxidative species. Furthermore, utilizing waste-derived Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> <!-->not only minimized production costs but also promoted environmental sustainability by valorizing waste materials. Consequently, this study offers a green, cost-effective, and efficient strategy for the development of advanced photocatalysts for dye degradation and other environmental purification applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"729 ","pages":"Article 166242"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-30Epub Date: 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166181
S.M. Tikhanova, M.I. Tenevich, A.N. Matveyeva, M.O. Enikeeva, A.D. Trofimuk, V.N. Nevedomskiy, Stovpiaga E. Yu, D.S. Dmitriev, V.I. Popkov
Hexagonal lutetium orthoferrite is a promising photocatalyst due to its narrow band gap and structural advantages, but its stabilization typically requires high temperatures or dopants. In this work, foam-like nanocrystalline h-LuFeO3 with pure hexagonal P63cm phase was synthesized via solution combustion and stabilized under soft thermal treatment at 675 °C. Structural analysis confirmed the phase purity and average crystallite size of 5 nm. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed a highly porous morphology with macropores approximately 1 μm. UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy showed strong absorption in the visible-light range and a direct optical band gap of 2.11 eV. Photocatalytic performance was evaluated via degradation of various dyes and tetracycline under visible-light irradiation. Complete decolorization of methylene blue was achieved within 30 min, with a maximum reaction rate constant of 0.1649 min−1 and turnover frequency of 0.001442 min−1. The degradation efficiencies for methyl violet, rhodamine B, and Tetracycline were 92.7%, 82.2% and 63.6%, respectively. This study demonstrates a low-temperature, scalable synthesis route yielding structurally and functionally optimized hexagonal lutetium orthoferrite nanocatalysts, suitable for visible-light-driven wastewater remediation.
{"title":"Solution combustion synthesis of phase-pure, foam-like hexagonal LuFeO3: visible-light photocatalyst with high activity","authors":"S.M. Tikhanova, M.I. Tenevich, A.N. Matveyeva, M.O. Enikeeva, A.D. Trofimuk, V.N. Nevedomskiy, Stovpiaga E. Yu, D.S. Dmitriev, V.I. Popkov","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hexagonal lutetium orthoferrite is a promising photocatalyst due to its narrow band gap and structural advantages, but its stabilization typically requires high temperatures or dopants. In this work, foam-like nanocrystalline <em>h</em>-LuFeO<sub>3</sub> with pure hexagonal <em>P6<sub>3</sub>cm</em> phase was synthesized via solution combustion and stabilized under soft thermal treatment at 675 °C. Structural analysis confirmed the phase purity and average crystallite size of 5 nm. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed a highly porous morphology with macropores approximately 1 μm. UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy showed strong absorption in the visible-light range and a direct optical band gap of 2.11 eV. Photocatalytic performance was evaluated via degradation of various dyes and tetracycline under visible-light irradiation. Complete decolorization of methylene blue was achieved within 30 min, with a maximum reaction rate constant of 0.1649 min<sup>−1</sup> and turnover frequency of 0.001442 min<sup>−1</sup>. The degradation efficiencies for methyl violet, rhodamine B, and Tetracycline were 92.7%, 82.2% and 63.6%, respectively. This study demonstrates a low-temperature, scalable synthesis route yielding structurally and functionally optimized hexagonal lutetium orthoferrite nanocatalysts, suitable for visible-light-driven wastewater remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"729 ","pages":"Article 166181"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146110103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-30Epub Date: 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166185
Bing Chen , Haonan Xie , Chunnian He , Chunsheng Shi , Naiqin Zhao , Enzuo Liu
To explore the catalytic mechanism in Li-CO2 batteries, this study employs first-principles calculations to systematically investigate the adsorption of intermediates and the free energy changes during charge–discharge processes on Me-N4-C (Me = Cr, Fe, Co) single-atom catalysts and graphene (G) as cathode catalysts. During the discharging process, the calculated discharging overpotentials can accurately predict the experimental activity trends of the catalysts. The catalytic activity exhibits no strong correlation with the adsorption strength of single intermediate species, such as CO2, CO, and Li2CO3. During the charging process, the co-adsorption of Li2CO3 and C is identified, which facilitates the decomposition of Li2CO3. Furthermore, the adsorption of C atoms on the metal sites favors a stable co-adsorption configuration, and C adsorption energy shows a positive correlation with the experimentally reported cycling stability of the catalyst. Thereby, the adsorption energy of C is established as an effective descriptor. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the rational design of high-performance Li-CO2 battery catalysts.
为了探索Li-CO2电池的催化机理，本研究采用第一性原理计算方法系统研究了Me- n4 - c （Me = Cr, Fe, Co）单原子催化剂和石墨烯(G)作为阴极催化剂对中间产物的吸附和充放电过程中的自由能变化。在放电过程中，计算得到的放电过电位可以准确预测催化剂的实验活度趋势。催化活性与CO2、CO、Li2CO3等单一中间物质的吸附强度没有很强的相关性。在充电过程中，发现了Li2CO3与C的共吸附，有利于Li2CO3的分解。此外，C原子在金属位点上的吸附有利于形成稳定的共吸附构型，C吸附能与实验报道的催化剂循环稳定性呈正相关。因此，建立了C的吸附能作为有效描述符。该研究为合理设计高性能Li-CO2电池催化剂提供了理论依据。
{"title":"The co-adsorption of C and Li2CO3 promotes the decomposition of Li2CO3","authors":"Bing Chen , Haonan Xie , Chunnian He , Chunsheng Shi , Naiqin Zhao , Enzuo Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To explore the catalytic mechanism in Li-CO<sub>2</sub> batteries, this study employs first-principles calculations to systematically investigate the adsorption of intermediates and the free energy changes during charge–discharge processes on Me-N<sub>4</sub>-C (Me = Cr, Fe, Co) single-atom catalysts and graphene (G) as cathode catalysts. During the discharging process, the calculated discharging overpotentials can accurately predict the experimental activity trends of the catalysts. The catalytic activity exhibits no strong correlation with the adsorption strength of single intermediate species, such as CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, and Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>. During the charging process, the co-adsorption of Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> and C is identified, which facilitates the decomposition of Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>. Furthermore, the adsorption of C atoms on the metal sites favors a stable co-adsorption configuration, and C adsorption energy shows a positive correlation with the experimentally reported cycling stability of the catalyst. Thereby, the adsorption energy of C is established as an effective descriptor. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the rational design of high-performance Li-CO<sub>2</sub> battery catalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"729 ","pages":"Article 166185"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146110107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-30Epub Date: 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166225
Mingli Yue , Zhikuan Feng , Long Gao , Ying Fu , Fei Ye
Drug delivery systems utilize micro-nanomaterials as drug carriers, encapsulating drugs within micro-nanoparticles and releasing them to target tissues or cells via specific pathways. This technology enhances drug stability, prolongs drug retention time in the body, and reduces damage to healthy tissues. This study successfully synthesized novel carbon-doped zinc oxide (C/ZnO) micro-nanomaterials and employed polydopamine (PDA) for surface modification, resulting in the construction of C/ZnO/PDA carriers. Experimental results demonstrate that PDA modification significantly enhances the drug delivery performance of the material. This composite material exhibits a 5-Fu loading efficiency of 37.8%, representing a 1.15-fold increase compared to unmodified C/ZnO. In vitro release tests demonstrate sustained drug release characteristics, showing a 1.62-fold increase over the unmodified system. In addition, these medicine particles significantly enhanced the indicators of antibacterial and bactericidal efficacy. In vitro cell experiments also confirmed that the drug carrier can enhance the lethality of the drug against HepG2 cells. Research on the binding energy between the carrier and the drug revealed that PDA modification promotes drug-carrier binding, resulting in more stable overall adsorption. These findings demonstrate the potential application value of micro-nanoparticle-based targeted drug delivery systems in disease prevention and treatment.
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of spherical C/ZnO/polydopamine composites as carriers for 5-fluorouracil: a focus on sustained release performance","authors":"Mingli Yue , Zhikuan Feng , Long Gao , Ying Fu , Fei Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drug delivery systems utilize micro-nanomaterials as drug carriers, encapsulating drugs within micro-nanoparticles and releasing them to target tissues or cells via specific pathways. This technology enhances drug stability, prolongs drug retention time in the body, and reduces damage to healthy tissues. This study successfully synthesized novel carbon-doped zinc oxide (C/ZnO) micro-nanomaterials and employed polydopamine (PDA) for surface modification, resulting in the construction of C/ZnO/PDA carriers. Experimental results demonstrate that PDA modification significantly enhances the drug delivery performance of the material. This composite material exhibits a 5-Fu loading efficiency of 37.8%, representing a 1.15-fold increase compared to unmodified C/ZnO. In vitro release tests demonstrate sustained drug release characteristics, showing a 1.62-fold increase over the unmodified system. In addition, these medicine particles significantly enhanced the indicators of antibacterial and bactericidal efficacy. In vitro cell experiments also confirmed that the drug carrier can enhance the lethality of the drug against HepG2 cells. Research on the binding energy between the carrier and the drug revealed that PDA modification promotes drug-carrier binding, resulting in more stable overall adsorption. These findings demonstrate the potential application value of micro-nanoparticle-based targeted drug delivery systems in disease prevention and treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"729 ","pages":"Article 166225"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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