Pub Date : 2021-10-29DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v1i3.11417
Mahdalena Sy. Pakaya, M. A. Mustapa, Muthiah Rahmah Ali
Penyakit infeksi merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang paling utama di Indonesia maupun di negara-negara berkembang lainnya. Kontaminasi mikroba berkaitan dengan penyebab infeksi tersebut. Infeksi dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai mikroba seperti bakteri, virus, jamur, dan protozoa. Salah satu tumbuhan berkhasiat obat yang berada di Indonesia adalah gaharu (Gyrinops versteegii). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur potensi ekstrak batang gaharu (Gyrinops versteegii) terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Dimana simplisia batang gaharu diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi bertingkat dengan pelarut n-Heksan, etil asetat dan metanol. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap 3 ekstrak tersebut yaitu ekstrak etil asetat mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Hasil skrining ekstrak etil asetat mengandung alkaloid, terpenoid dan tanin. Kontrol positif yang digunakan yaitu kloramfenikol dan kontrol negatif yaitu Dimetil Sulfoksida (DMSO). Hasil Uji KHM ekstrak batang gaharu terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus yaitu pada konsentrasi 50% ditandai dengan tidak terjadi kekeruhan dan 50% untuk nilai KBM dimana tidak terjadi pertumbuhan bakteri pada media Nutrien Agar (NA). Hasil Uji Potensi ekstrak etil asetat batang gaharu terhadap Escherichia coli pada konsentrasi 25%, 50%, dan 100 % dengan zona hambat yang dihasilkan yaitu 7,85 mm dimana masuk dalam kategori sedang, 10,6 mm dan 13,45 mm dimana masuk dalam kategori kuat. Sedangkan uji potensi ekstrak etil asetat batang gaharu terhadap Staphylococcus aureus pada konsentrasi 25%, 50%, dan 100 % dengan zona hambat yang dihasilkan yaitu 8,1 mm dimana masuk dalam kategori sedang, 13,2 mm dan 16 mm dimana masuk dalam kategori kuat dalam menghambat bakteri. Infection disease is one of the most common health problem in many developing countries, including Indonesia where the contamination of microbe is associated with the cause of the infection. The infection can be caused by various microorganisms such as bacteria, virus, fungus, and protozoa. Fortunately, Indonesia’s medicinal plant varies and one of which is agarwood (Gyrinops versteegii). This study aims at measuring the potential of agarwood (Gyrinops versteegii) stem extract towards Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In this study, the simplicial of agarwood stem is extracted by applying multilevel maceration method with n-Hexane solvent, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The result of antibacterial activity testing over three extracts reveals that the ethyl acetate extract can inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, the result of screening in the ethyl acetate extract discovers that in contains alkaloid, terpenoid, and tannin, where the positive control used is chloramphenicol and the negative control is Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO). The result of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration test in the agarwood stem extract towards Escherichia coli d
感染是印度尼西亚和其他发展中国家最重要的健康问题之一。微生物污染与感染的原因有关。感染可能是由细菌、病毒、真菌和原生动物等微生物引起的。在印度尼西亚发现的草药之一是沉香(Gyrinops versteegii)。本研究旨在测量大肠杆菌和菌根菌的沉香茎提取物(Gyrinops versteegii)的潜力。沉香树旁的沉香树是用多层溶剂n-Heksan、乙基乙醇和甲醇来提取的。对这三种乙基提取物的抗菌活性进行测试，这种提取物可以抑制大肠杆菌和葡萄球菌菌的生长。醋酸乙酯提取结果含有生物碱、松节油和单宁酸。正控制以氯仿和负二甲二甲酸二甲酸(DMSO)为例。对大肠杆菌Escherichia和staphycoccus aureus进行的KHM提取物检测的结果为50%的浓度标记为KBM，而营养介质中没有细菌生长。以25%、50%和100%的浓度对埃奇基亚大肠杆菌进行乙基乙醇萃取的潜在结果，其抑制区为7.85毫米，为中级类别，为10.6毫米，为强类别，为13.45毫米。然而，沉香条乙酰氨基酚浓度为25%、50%和100%，产生的抑制区为8.1毫米，其中13.2毫米和16毫米，其中属于抑制细菌的强类别。感染疾病是众多发展中国家最常见的健康问题之一，包括印度尼西亚在内。感染可能是由细菌、病毒、真菌和原生动物等多种微生物引起的。幸运的是，印尼的药用植物种类和其中一种是agarwood (Gyrinops versteegii)。这项研究是对agarwood潜在的研究(Gyrinops versteegii)进行的。在这项研究中，agarstem的正畸医生采用了n-Hexane solvent、ethyl acetate和methanol的多级macerd方法。最近在三种不同的情况下，对乙基亚大肠杆菌和葡萄球菌生长的抑制被抑制。另外，在补充中，在乙基、孤立体和坦宁的废料中，积极控制是氯安非尼酮，消极控制是二甲硫化物(DMSO)。最低之论点Inhibitory双臀测试《agarwood stem extract向Escherichia杆菌和大肠杆菌奥里斯一起双臀》节目的50%是标记——《Lowest turbidity, whereas 50%的致命剂量的价值增长在境细菌的signifies存在Nutrient让媒体(NA)。此外，还有一项潜在的木质干细胞试验，其结果是在25%、50%和100%的大肠杆菌集中试验中导致7.85毫米致病区，以及10.6毫米和13.45毫米致病区。在不朽之同时,潜在的测试之论点agarwood醋酸stem乙基extract杆菌向奥里斯在concentrations of 25%、50%和100% with an抑制区创造了b, 1毫米的it includes哪里在中等类别,13,2毫米和include In strong类别的16毫米inhibiting细菌。
{"title":"UJI POTENSI ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK BATANG GAHARU (Gyrinops versteegii) TERHADAP BAKTERI Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"Mahdalena Sy. Pakaya, M. A. Mustapa, Muthiah Rahmah Ali","doi":"10.37311/ijpe.v1i3.11417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37311/ijpe.v1i3.11417","url":null,"abstract":"Penyakit infeksi merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang paling utama di Indonesia maupun di negara-negara berkembang lainnya. Kontaminasi mikroba berkaitan dengan penyebab infeksi tersebut. Infeksi dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai mikroba seperti bakteri, virus, jamur, dan protozoa. Salah satu tumbuhan berkhasiat obat yang berada di Indonesia adalah gaharu (Gyrinops versteegii). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur potensi ekstrak batang gaharu (Gyrinops versteegii) terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Dimana simplisia batang gaharu diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi bertingkat dengan pelarut n-Heksan, etil asetat dan metanol. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap 3 ekstrak tersebut yaitu ekstrak etil asetat mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Hasil skrining ekstrak etil asetat mengandung alkaloid, terpenoid dan tanin. Kontrol positif yang digunakan yaitu kloramfenikol dan kontrol negatif yaitu Dimetil Sulfoksida (DMSO). Hasil Uji KHM ekstrak batang gaharu terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus yaitu pada konsentrasi 50% ditandai dengan tidak terjadi kekeruhan dan 50% untuk nilai KBM dimana tidak terjadi pertumbuhan bakteri pada media Nutrien Agar (NA). Hasil Uji Potensi ekstrak etil asetat batang gaharu terhadap Escherichia coli pada konsentrasi 25%, 50%, dan 100 % dengan zona hambat yang dihasilkan yaitu 7,85 mm dimana masuk dalam kategori sedang, 10,6 mm dan 13,45 mm dimana masuk dalam kategori kuat. Sedangkan uji potensi ekstrak etil asetat batang gaharu terhadap Staphylococcus aureus pada konsentrasi 25%, 50%, dan 100 % dengan zona hambat yang dihasilkan yaitu 8,1 mm dimana masuk dalam kategori sedang, 13,2 mm dan 16 mm dimana masuk dalam kategori kuat dalam menghambat bakteri. Infection disease is one of the most common health problem in many developing countries, including Indonesia where the contamination of microbe is associated with the cause of the infection. The infection can be caused by various microorganisms such as bacteria, virus, fungus, and protozoa. Fortunately, Indonesia’s medicinal plant varies and one of which is agarwood (Gyrinops versteegii). This study aims at measuring the potential of agarwood (Gyrinops versteegii) stem extract towards Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In this study, the simplicial of agarwood stem is extracted by applying multilevel maceration method with n-Hexane solvent, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The result of antibacterial activity testing over three extracts reveals that the ethyl acetate extract can inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, the result of screening in the ethyl acetate extract discovers that in contains alkaloid, terpenoid, and tannin, where the positive control used is chloramphenicol and the negative control is Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO). The result of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration test in the agarwood stem extract towards Escherichia coli d","PeriodicalId":249696,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115194558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sanrego (Lunasia amara Blanco) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman yang digunakan sebagai afrodisiaka oleh masyarakat Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek afrodisiaka dari ekstrak n-heksan, kloroform, etil asetat dan metanol kulit batang Sanrego (Lunasia amara Blanco) serta mengetahui dosis yang diperlukan untuk memberikan efek afrodisiaka pada mencit jantan. Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan adalah maserasi bertingkat menggunakan pelarut dengan kepolaran meningkat yaitu n-heksan, kloroform, etil asetat dan metanol. Dilakukan pengamatan pada mencit serta menghitung jumlah Introduksi (Pendekatan), Climbing(Penunggangan) dan Coitus(Senggama) selama 5 hari. Data dianalisis menggunakan SPSS One way Anova. Hasil penelitian skrining fitokimia menunjukkan adanya senyawa steroid yang terkandung dalam ekstrak N-Heksan, kloroform, etil asetat dan metanol, terdapat senyawa flavonoid dalam ekstrak kloroform, etil asetat, metanol. Terdapat senyawa tanin dalam ekstrak etil asetat dan metanol dan terdapat senyawa alkaloid dalam ekstrak metanol. Ekstrak yang memberikan efek afrodisiaka yaitu ekstrak metanol dan dosis yang diperlukan untuk memberikan efek afrodisiaka pada mencit yaitu 35mg/kgBB dan 70 mg/kgBB. Hasil analisis data One way Anova (p kurang dari 0,01) dengan tingkat kepercayaan 99%
Sanrego (Lunasia amara Blanco)是南苏拉威西社会用作春药的一种植物。这项研究的目的是确定提取n-heksan、氯仿、乙酰乙醇和Sanrego (Lunasia amara Blanco)茎皮的壮阳作用的春药的作用，并确定服用壮阳药物所必需的剂量。提取方法是多层溶剂使用增加的聚酯、氯仿、乙基乙醇和甲醇。观察并计算了5天的内向(方法)、攀登和性交的数量。数据是用SPSS One way Anova分析的。植物化学筛查的研究表明，在氯仿、氯仿、乙醇和甲醇提取物中含有类固醇化合物，这种化合物存在于氯仿提取物、乙醇、甲醇中。在醋酸乙和甲醇提取物中存在单宁化合物，甲醇提取物中存在生物碱。春药提取物是甲醇提取物，而春药作用的剂量是35mg/kgBB和70毫克/kgBB。数据分析的结果为p小于0.01，信任率为99%
{"title":"EFEK AFRODISIAKA EKSTRAK KULIT BATANG SANREGO (Lunasia amara Blanco) TERHADAP MENCIT JANTAN (Mus musculus)","authors":"Hamsidar Hasan, Juliyanty Akuba, Beatrice Nathania Wilkinson","doi":"10.37311/ijpe.v1i3.11375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37311/ijpe.v1i3.11375","url":null,"abstract":"Sanrego (Lunasia amara Blanco) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman yang digunakan sebagai afrodisiaka oleh masyarakat Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek afrodisiaka dari ekstrak n-heksan, kloroform, etil asetat dan metanol kulit batang Sanrego (Lunasia amara Blanco) serta mengetahui dosis yang diperlukan untuk memberikan efek afrodisiaka pada mencit jantan. Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan adalah maserasi bertingkat menggunakan pelarut dengan kepolaran meningkat yaitu n-heksan, kloroform, etil asetat dan metanol. Dilakukan pengamatan pada mencit serta menghitung jumlah Introduksi (Pendekatan), Climbing(Penunggangan) dan Coitus(Senggama) selama 5 hari. Data dianalisis menggunakan SPSS One way Anova. Hasil penelitian skrining fitokimia menunjukkan adanya senyawa steroid yang terkandung dalam ekstrak N-Heksan, kloroform, etil asetat dan metanol, terdapat senyawa flavonoid dalam ekstrak kloroform, etil asetat, metanol. Terdapat senyawa tanin dalam ekstrak etil asetat dan metanol dan terdapat senyawa alkaloid dalam ekstrak metanol. Ekstrak yang memberikan efek afrodisiaka yaitu ekstrak metanol dan dosis yang diperlukan untuk memberikan efek afrodisiaka pada mencit yaitu 35mg/kgBB dan 70 mg/kgBB. Hasil analisis data One way Anova (p kurang dari 0,01) dengan tingkat kepercayaan 99%","PeriodicalId":249696,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132953152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-29DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v2i1.11687
A. M. Andy Suryadi, Mohammad Adam Mustapa, Nur Khofifah Zahrah
Christ's torn jujube (Ziziphus spina-christi L.) is a medicinal plant that has many benefits for curing or treating diarrhea, fever, and cancer. One of the compounds that play role is an alkaloid. This study was generated to identify the alkaloid compounds in the leaves of the Christ’s jujube torn using the UV-Vis spectrophotometry method. Christ's torn jujube leaves were macerated using 3 types of solvents with different polarity levels i.e., n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Furthermore, phytochemical screening of alkaloid compounds was carried out. A Christ jujube leaf sample that was positive for alkaloids was found in the ethyl acetate extract; then identified using thin layer chromatography with eluent n-hexane: ethyl acetate (8:2), yielding 4 points with an Rf value of 0.25; 0.4 ; 0.52 ; and 0.62. Furthermore, phytochemical screening of alkaloid compounds was carried out. Christ' torn jujube which were positive for alkaloids present in the ethyl acetate extract were identified using thin layer chromatography with n-hexane eluent: ethyl acetate (8:2), yielding four spots with an Rf value of 0.25; 0.4 ; 0.52 ; and 0.62. The four spots were identified using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, obtained a wavelength of 248 ; 268 ; 268 ; and 255. Based on the identification results on the leaf extract, each stain was suspected to contain cantin-6-one alkaloid compounds.
{"title":"IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA ALKALOID PADA DAUN BIDARA ARAB (Ziziphus spina-christi L.) MENGGUNAKAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS","authors":"A. M. Andy Suryadi, Mohammad Adam Mustapa, Nur Khofifah Zahrah","doi":"10.37311/ijpe.v2i1.11687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37311/ijpe.v2i1.11687","url":null,"abstract":"Christ's torn jujube (Ziziphus spina-christi L.) is a medicinal plant that has many benefits for curing or treating diarrhea, fever, and cancer. One of the compounds that play role is an alkaloid. This study was generated to identify the alkaloid compounds in the leaves of the Christ’s jujube torn using the UV-Vis spectrophotometry method. Christ's torn jujube leaves were macerated using 3 types of solvents with different polarity levels i.e., n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Furthermore, phytochemical screening of alkaloid compounds was carried out. A Christ jujube leaf sample that was positive for alkaloids was found in the ethyl acetate extract; then identified using thin layer chromatography with eluent n-hexane: ethyl acetate (8:2), yielding 4 points with an Rf value of 0.25; 0.4 ; 0.52 ; and 0.62. Furthermore, phytochemical screening of alkaloid compounds was carried out. Christ' torn jujube which were positive for alkaloids present in the ethyl acetate extract were identified using thin layer chromatography with n-hexane eluent: ethyl acetate (8:2), yielding four spots with an Rf value of 0.25; 0.4 ; 0.52 ; and 0.62. The four spots were identified using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, obtained a wavelength of 248 ; 268 ; 268 ; and 255. Based on the identification results on the leaf extract, each stain was suspected to contain cantin-6-one alkaloid compounds.","PeriodicalId":249696,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129578316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-29DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v1i3.11667
Nur Ain Thomas, Muhammad Taupik, Nur Oktaviana
Lozenges are solid preparations made from aromatic and sweet taste that can dissolve slowly in the mouth, which are intended to treat infections in the mouth and throat. Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) is a binder that can be used in lozenges.This study attempted to examine the effect of the concentration of HPMC as a binder in the tablet preparation of red ginger rhizome extract (Zingiber officinale Var Rubrum) by wet granulation method. This study was a laboratory experimental study by comparing the three concentrations of HPMC binder used in each formula i.e., FI (4%), FII (5%), FIII (6%).The resulting tablets were tested for physical properties including organoleptic tests, weight uniformity, tablet hardness, tablet friability and hedonic tests. Based on the results of the study, it was shown that with an increase in the concentration of the HPMC binder, the physical quality of the resulting tablet also increased. The higher the concentration of HPMC used, the better the uniformity of weight and the high level of tablet hardness. However, tablet friability will decrease. The results showed that the concentrations of 4%, 5%, and 6% had an effect on the tablet physical properties whichwas fragility. Further, formula II with a concentration of 5% had better tablet physical quality and was preferred by respondentsbased on hedonic tests.
{"title":"PENGARUH KONSENTRASI HYDROXYPROPYL METHYLCELLULOSE SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGIKAT PADA SEDIAAN TABLET EKSTRAK RIMPANG JAHE MERAH (zingiber officinale Var. Rubrum.)","authors":"Nur Ain Thomas, Muhammad Taupik, Nur Oktaviana","doi":"10.37311/ijpe.v1i3.11667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37311/ijpe.v1i3.11667","url":null,"abstract":"Lozenges are solid preparations made from aromatic and sweet taste that can dissolve slowly in the mouth, which are intended to treat infections in the mouth and throat. Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) is a binder that can be used in lozenges.This study attempted to examine the effect of the concentration of HPMC as a binder in the tablet preparation of red ginger rhizome extract (Zingiber officinale Var Rubrum) by wet granulation method. This study was a laboratory experimental study by comparing the three concentrations of HPMC binder used in each formula i.e., FI (4%), FII (5%), FIII (6%).The resulting tablets were tested for physical properties including organoleptic tests, weight uniformity, tablet hardness, tablet friability and hedonic tests. Based on the results of the study, it was shown that with an increase in the concentration of the HPMC binder, the physical quality of the resulting tablet also increased. The higher the concentration of HPMC used, the better the uniformity of weight and the high level of tablet hardness. However, tablet friability will decrease. The results showed that the concentrations of 4%, 5%, and 6% had an effect on the tablet physical properties whichwas fragility. Further, formula II with a concentration of 5% had better tablet physical quality and was preferred by respondentsbased on hedonic tests.","PeriodicalId":249696,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121418154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-19DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v1i2.10666
M. Taupik, Mohammad Adam Mustapa, Sintia Sitti Gonibala
Cosmetic are mixture of materials that are ready to be used on the outside of the body. One type cosmetics makeup that is often used is Blush-On. This Blush-On cosmetics has a distinictive red color, so it issu red color, so it is suspected that there is still a misuse in the addition of Rhodamine B to Blush—n cosmetics, especially cosmetics that are not registered to BPOM (The Nationalof Drug and Food Control). Based on the PERMENKES RI No. 445/Menkes/Per/V1998 concerning certain dyes declared dangerous it is a synthetic dye Rhodamine B which is one of the dyes that is prohibited for use in-cosmetics products because the fidings of BPOM from 2014 to 2015, Rhodamine B is still used as one of the dyes. This study aims to knowthe misuse of the addition of synthetic dye Rhodamine B to Blush-On cosmetics and to know how much Rhodamine B is contained in the Blush-On cosmetic samples. The results of the qualitative test with the staining method on the Blush-On cosmetics samples A,B,C,D, and E, it is sample E that produces a clear reddish color that has he potential to contain Rhodamine B . Furthemore, it is continued with a quantitative test by using Uv-Vis Spectrofotometry, and it obtains levels of Rhodamine B in sample E is 9,98mquantitative test by using Uv-Vis Spectrofotometry, and it obtains levels of Rhodamine B in sample E is 9,98mg/g.
化妆品是准备在身体外部使用的材料的混合物。一种经常使用的化妆品是腮红。这款Blush-On化妆品具有鲜明的红色，因此发出红色，因此怀疑在Blush-n化妆品中添加罗丹明B仍然存在滥用的情况，特别是没有在BPOM (the Nationalof Drug and Food Control)注册的化妆品。根据PERMENKES RI No. 445/Menkes/Per/V1998关于某些被宣布为危险染料的合成染料罗丹明B，罗丹明B是2014年至2015年禁止在化妆品中使用的染料之一，因为BPOM的发现，罗丹明B仍然被用作染料之一。本研究旨在了解在Blush-On化妆品中添加合成染料罗丹明B的滥用情况，并了解在Blush-On化妆品样品中罗丹明B的含量。用染色法对Blush-On化妆品样品A、B、C、D、E进行定性测试的结果显示，样品E呈现明显的红色，有可能含有罗丹明B。接着用紫外-可见分光光度法进行定量检测，得到E样品中罗丹明B的含量为9.98 mg/g，用紫外-可见分光光度法进行定量检测，得到E样品中罗丹明B的含量为9.98 mg/g。
{"title":"Analisis Kadar Rhodamin B Pada Blush-On Menggunakan Metode Spektrofotometri Uv-Vis","authors":"M. Taupik, Mohammad Adam Mustapa, Sintia Sitti Gonibala","doi":"10.37311/ijpe.v1i2.10666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37311/ijpe.v1i2.10666","url":null,"abstract":"Cosmetic are mixture of materials that are ready to be used on the outside of the body. One type cosmetics makeup that is often used is Blush-On. This Blush-On cosmetics has a distinictive red color, so it issu red color, so it is suspected that there is still a misuse in the addition of Rhodamine B to Blush—n cosmetics, especially cosmetics that are not registered to BPOM (The Nationalof Drug and Food Control). Based on the PERMENKES RI No. 445/Menkes/Per/V1998 concerning certain dyes declared dangerous it is a synthetic dye Rhodamine B which is one of the dyes that is prohibited for use in-cosmetics products because the fidings of BPOM from 2014 to 2015, Rhodamine B is still used as one of the dyes. This study aims to knowthe misuse of the addition of synthetic dye Rhodamine B to Blush-On cosmetics and to know how much Rhodamine B is contained in the Blush-On cosmetic samples. The results of the qualitative test with the staining method on the Blush-On cosmetics samples A,B,C,D, and E, it is sample E that produces a clear reddish color that has he potential to contain Rhodamine B . Furthemore, it is continued with a quantitative test by using Uv-Vis Spectrofotometry, and it obtains levels of Rhodamine B in sample E is 9,98mquantitative test by using Uv-Vis Spectrofotometry, and it obtains levels of Rhodamine B in sample E is 9,98mg/g.","PeriodicalId":249696,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121293265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v1i3.11371
Dr. Widysusanti Abdulkadir S.Si.,M.Si.,Apt, Dr. Apt. Hamsidar Hasan S.Si.,M.Si, A. Alamsyah
Goroho banana (Musa acuminafe L.) has its own characteristics and is one of the local varieties of banana that is not widely known to people outside North Sulawesi. In addition, it is commonly used as an antioxidant. Antioxidants are substances that can improve the function of layers of blood vessels, inhibit blood platelet aggregation where it can stimulate the production of Nitric Oxide, which causes the relaxation of blood vessels and can reduce the sensitivity of Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) to the effects of free radicals. Therefore, this research aims to determine the chemical content and antioxidant activity of Goroho Banana (Musa acuminafe L.) by using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. Besides, the extraction of samples is carried out by employing extraction graded with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol solvents. Findings reveal that Goroho banana (Musa acuminafe L.) peel extract contains Alkaloid and Flavonoid compounds. Meanwhile, the value of antioxidant activity indicates that the IC50 value for n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts are 6.38, 5.48, 5.11, 4.19 ug/ml, respectively. In conclusion, the IC50 value discloses that the antioxidant activity is in a strong category.
{"title":"SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN JANTUNG PISANG GOROHO (Musa acuminafe L.) DENGAN METODE 1,1-DIPHENYL-2-PICRYLHIDRAZYL (DPPH)","authors":"Dr. Widysusanti Abdulkadir S.Si.,M.Si.,Apt, Dr. Apt. Hamsidar Hasan S.Si.,M.Si, A. Alamsyah","doi":"10.37311/ijpe.v1i3.11371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37311/ijpe.v1i3.11371","url":null,"abstract":"Goroho banana (Musa acuminafe L.) has its own characteristics and is one of the local varieties of banana that is not widely known to people outside North Sulawesi. In addition, it is commonly used as an antioxidant. Antioxidants are substances that can improve the function of layers of blood vessels, inhibit blood platelet aggregation where it can stimulate the production of Nitric Oxide, which causes the relaxation of blood vessels and can reduce the sensitivity of Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) to the effects of free radicals. Therefore, this research aims to determine the chemical content and antioxidant activity of Goroho Banana (Musa acuminafe L.) by using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. Besides, the extraction of samples is carried out by employing extraction graded with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol solvents. Findings reveal that Goroho banana (Musa acuminafe L.) peel extract contains Alkaloid and Flavonoid compounds. Meanwhile, the value of antioxidant activity indicates that the IC50 value for n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts are 6.38, 5.48, 5.11, 4.19 ug/ml, respectively. In conclusion, the IC50 value discloses that the antioxidant activity is in a strong category.","PeriodicalId":249696,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115927170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v1i3.11083
Teti Sutriyati Tutoli, Nur Rasdiana, Faradilasandi Tahala
Hypertension is an increase in systolic blood pressure of at least 140 mmHg or a diastolic pressure of at least 90 mmHg. This study aimed to determine the use of drugs in outpatient hypertension patients at the PuskesmasTilamuta. The design employed in this study wa a non-analytic descriptive analysis method by calculating the percentage of the amount of 3T, namely the right indication, the right drug, and the right dose in a non-experimental manner with a cross sectional design (cross-sectional) and retrospective data collection. Data were collected through mecical records of outpatient hypertension patiens in the area from January 2020 to Desember 2020. Then, the research subjects who met the inclusion criteria were 92 patients. The results showed that the calcium channel bloker (Amlodipine) class antihypertensives were mostly used at 53%. Based on the results of the study, it was found that some patients were not given anthypertensive drugs with inappropriate drug percentage (23%), incorrect indications (23%), inapporiate dosage (23%). Therefore, it is concluded that some patients do not comply with the accuracy of the indication, drugs, and the accuracy of dosage, so it is necessary to monitor the administration of antihypertensive drugs.
{"title":"POLA PENGGUNAAN OBAT ANTIHIPERTENSI PADA PASIEN HIPERTENSI","authors":"Teti Sutriyati Tutoli, Nur Rasdiana, Faradilasandi Tahala","doi":"10.37311/ijpe.v1i3.11083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37311/ijpe.v1i3.11083","url":null,"abstract":"Hypertension is an increase in systolic blood pressure of at least 140 mmHg or a diastolic pressure of at least 90 mmHg. This study aimed to determine the use of drugs in outpatient hypertension patients at the PuskesmasTilamuta. The design employed in this study wa a non-analytic descriptive analysis method by calculating the percentage of the amount of 3T, namely the right indication, the right drug, and the right dose in a non-experimental manner with a cross sectional design (cross-sectional) and retrospective data collection. Data were collected through mecical records of outpatient hypertension patiens in the area from January 2020 to Desember 2020. Then, the research subjects who met the inclusion criteria were 92 patients. The results showed that the calcium channel bloker (Amlodipine) class antihypertensives were mostly used at 53%. Based on the results of the study, it was found that some patients were not given anthypertensive drugs with inappropriate drug percentage (23%), incorrect indications (23%), inapporiate dosage (23%). Therefore, it is concluded that some patients do not comply with the accuracy of the indication, drugs, and the accuracy of dosage, so it is necessary to monitor the administration of antihypertensive drugs.","PeriodicalId":249696,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129331073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-10DOI: 10.37311/IJPE.V1I2.11143
Dizky Ramadani Putri Papeo, Maria Immaculata, Iis Rukmawati
Backgroumd: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease which is until now has not been able to be threated, i.e., because of patient non-adherence in taking anti-tuberculosis drug (ATD) Objective: The objective of this research is to study the relationship between patients adherence in taking ATD determined by MMAS-8 questionnaire with QoL of patient determined by WHOQOL questionnaire. Method: Tuberculosis patients who undergo treatment for at least 4 weeks are the subjects in this study. This study was conducted by a cross-sectional method using the MMAS-8 and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire of tuberculosis patients at Ibrahim Adjiand Gumuruh primary health care during March - August 2018. Result: Based on MMAS-8 questionnaire filled out by 75 patients, there was 69% of high adherence, 15% moderate, and 16% has low adherence in taking ATD. Of the 6 characteristic factors (i.e., age, sex, occupation, income, education and length of treatment), only gender (p0.01) and occupation (p0.03) factors that influence the patient adherence significantly. Based on MMAS-8 and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire analyses, there is only psychological health aspect (domain two) that have a significant (p = 0.01) correlated with patient adherence. Conclusion: Based on the results,the psychological health of tuberculosis patients play an important role in patient adherence.
{"title":"Hubungan Antara Kepatuhan Minum Obat (MMAS-8) Dan Kualitas Hidup (WHOQOL-BREF) Penderita Tuberkulosis Di Puskesmas Di Kota Bandung","authors":"Dizky Ramadani Putri Papeo, Maria Immaculata, Iis Rukmawati","doi":"10.37311/IJPE.V1I2.11143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37311/IJPE.V1I2.11143","url":null,"abstract":"Backgroumd: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease which is until now has not been able to be threated, i.e., because of patient non-adherence in taking anti-tuberculosis drug (ATD) Objective: The objective of this research is to study the relationship between patients adherence in taking ATD determined by MMAS-8 questionnaire with QoL of patient determined by WHOQOL questionnaire. Method: Tuberculosis patients who undergo treatment for at least 4 weeks are the subjects in this study. This study was conducted by a cross-sectional method using the MMAS-8 and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire of tuberculosis patients at Ibrahim Adjiand Gumuruh primary health care during March - August 2018. Result: Based on MMAS-8 questionnaire filled out by 75 patients, there was 69% of high adherence, 15% moderate, and 16% has low adherence in taking ATD. Of the 6 characteristic factors (i.e., age, sex, occupation, income, education and length of treatment), only gender (p0.01) and occupation (p0.03) factors that influence the patient adherence significantly. Based on MMAS-8 and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire analyses, there is only psychological health aspect (domain two) that have a significant (p = 0.01) correlated with patient adherence. Conclusion: Based on the results,the psychological health of tuberculosis patients play an important role in patient adherence. ","PeriodicalId":249696,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education","volume":"317 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123305124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-30DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v1i2.11462
N. Nuralifah, P. Parawansah, Hasniana Nur
A toxicity test is a test to detect the toxic effect of a substance on a biological system and to obtain typical dose-response data from the test preparation. This study aims to determine the content of secondary metabolites from the aqueous extract and ethanolic extract of gardenia leaves, characterization of gardenia leaf extract, and acute toxicity using the BSLT method against Artemia salina Leach shrimp larvae.Phytochemical screening tests were carried out by the color change method which included the alkaloid test, flavonoid test, tannin test, saponin test, and terpenoid test. Extract characterization tests include determination of water-soluble extract, determination of ethanol-soluble extract, determination of water content, and determination of ash content. Acute toxicity test using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method using Artemia salina Leach shrimp larvae.The results of the phytochemical screening test for the aqueous extract of gardenia leaves showed positive results on saponins, while the phytochemical screening tests on ethanol extracts showed positive results on alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids. The results of the characterization test on the aqueous extract of gardenia leaves were that the ethanol-soluble extract content was 20.19%, the water-soluble extract content was 23.17%, the water content was 99.13% and the ash content was 0.29%. Meanwhile, in the ethanolic extract of gardenia leaves, the ethanol-soluble extract content was 60.80%, the water-soluble extract content was 57.14%, the water content was 7.87% and the ash content was 3.22%. The results show that gardenia leaves are not toxic with the LC50 value of the water extract of the gardenia leaves is 1399.64 g/mL and the LC50 value of the ethanolic extract of the gardenia leaves is 1080.96 so that it can be used as traditional medicine.
{"title":"Uji Toksisitas Akut Ekstrak Air Dan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kacapiring (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) Terhadap Larva Artemia Salina Leach Dengan Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT)","authors":"N. Nuralifah, P. Parawansah, Hasniana Nur","doi":"10.37311/ijpe.v1i2.11462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37311/ijpe.v1i2.11462","url":null,"abstract":"A toxicity test is a test to detect the toxic effect of a substance on a biological system and to obtain typical dose-response data from the test preparation. This study aims to determine the content of secondary metabolites from the aqueous extract and ethanolic extract of gardenia leaves, characterization of gardenia leaf extract, and acute toxicity using the BSLT method against Artemia salina Leach shrimp larvae.Phytochemical screening tests were carried out by the color change method which included the alkaloid test, flavonoid test, tannin test, saponin test, and terpenoid test. Extract characterization tests include determination of water-soluble extract, determination of ethanol-soluble extract, determination of water content, and determination of ash content. Acute toxicity test using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method using Artemia salina Leach shrimp larvae.The results of the phytochemical screening test for the aqueous extract of gardenia leaves showed positive results on saponins, while the phytochemical screening tests on ethanol extracts showed positive results on alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids. The results of the characterization test on the aqueous extract of gardenia leaves were that the ethanol-soluble extract content was 20.19%, the water-soluble extract content was 23.17%, the water content was 99.13% and the ash content was 0.29%. Meanwhile, in the ethanolic extract of gardenia leaves, the ethanol-soluble extract content was 60.80%, the water-soluble extract content was 57.14%, the water content was 7.87% and the ash content was 3.22%. The results show that gardenia leaves are not toxic with the LC50 value of the water extract of the gardenia leaves is 1399.64 g/mL and the LC50 value of the ethanolic extract of the gardenia leaves is 1080.96 so that it can be used as traditional medicine. ","PeriodicalId":249696,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123974865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-30DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v1i2.10547
A. Ibrahim, Hamsidar Hasan, Mahdalena Sy. Pakaya
Infectious disease is one of the diseases caused by microbes, including bacteria. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli are gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria that cause infectious diseases. The selection of medicinal plants as an alternative solution is an effective way of reducing the resistance of bacteria. Based on the empirical data, herbal plants with antimicrobial potential are red ginger (Zingiber officinale var rubrum). This research aimed to determine the inhibition test on Staphylococcus Epidermidis and Escherichia coli due to phytochemical compounds contained in the leaves of red ginger which serve as an antibacterial. Through this experimental laboratory research, a crude drug was extracted using n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol solvent. The phytochemical screening results of n-hexane extract showed that red ginger leaves contain alkaloids and terpenoids; chloroform extract contains alkaloids, steroids, and tannins; ethyl acetate extract contains alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, and tannins; and the methanol extract contains alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and tannins. Chloramphenicol and Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were used as the positive control and negative control respectively. Inhibition test results were obtained from the four n-hexane extracts, chloroform extracts, ethyl acetate extracts, and methanol extracts with three different concentrations.The results obtained the greatest inhibition against Staphylococcus Epidermidis bacteria, namely at a concentration of 20% chlorform extract of red ginger leaves as large as 18,90 mm. Meanwhile, the inhibition of Escherichia Coli is at a concentration of 20% n-hexane extract with an inhibitory power of 17,84 mm inhibition zone that is classified as a strong category to inhibit the growth of bacteria .The results of the One Way ANOVA data analysis (p less than 0.01) with a confidence level of 99%.
传染病是由包括细菌在内的微生物引起的疾病之一。表皮葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌是引起传染病的革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌。选择药用植物作为替代溶液是降低细菌耐药性的有效途径。根据实验数据，具有抗菌潜力的中草药植物是红姜(Zingiber officinale var rubrum)。本研究旨在探讨红姜叶中含有的抗菌植物化学物质对表皮葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑制作用。通过本实验室的实验研究，采用正己烷、氯仿、乙酸乙酯和甲醇溶剂对某药材进行提取。正己烷提取物的植物化学筛选结果表明，红姜叶中含有生物碱和萜类化合物;氯仿提取物含有生物碱、类固醇和单宁;乙酸乙酯提取物含有生物碱、类固醇、类黄酮和单宁;甲醇提取物含有生物碱、萜类、黄酮类和单宁。以氯霉素和二甲基亚砜(DMSO)分别作为阳性对照和阴性对照。对四种不同浓度的正己烷提取物、氯仿提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物和甲醇提取物进行抑菌试验。结果表明，对表皮葡萄球菌的抑菌效果最好的是浓度为20%的红姜叶片(18、90 mm)氯仿提取物。同时，正己烷提取物浓度为20%时，对大肠杆菌的抑制作用为17.84 mm，为抑制细菌生长的强类。单因素方差分析结果(p < 0.01)，置信水平为99%。
{"title":"SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAN UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKTRAK DAUN JAHE MERAH (Zingiber officinale var rubrum) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus Epidermidis DAN Escherichia Coli","authors":"A. Ibrahim, Hamsidar Hasan, Mahdalena Sy. Pakaya","doi":"10.37311/ijpe.v1i2.10547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37311/ijpe.v1i2.10547","url":null,"abstract":"Infectious disease is one of the diseases caused by microbes, including bacteria. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli are gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria that cause infectious diseases. The selection of medicinal plants as an alternative solution is an effective way of reducing the resistance of bacteria. Based on the empirical data, herbal plants with antimicrobial potential are red ginger (Zingiber officinale var rubrum). This research aimed to determine the inhibition test on Staphylococcus Epidermidis and Escherichia coli due to phytochemical compounds contained in the leaves of red ginger which serve as an antibacterial. Through this experimental laboratory research, a crude drug was extracted using n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol solvent. The phytochemical screening results of n-hexane extract showed that red ginger leaves contain alkaloids and terpenoids; chloroform extract contains alkaloids, steroids, and tannins; ethyl acetate extract contains alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, and tannins; and the methanol extract contains alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and tannins. Chloramphenicol and Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were used as the positive control and negative control respectively. Inhibition test results were obtained from the four n-hexane extracts, chloroform extracts, ethyl acetate extracts, and methanol extracts with three different concentrations.The results obtained the greatest inhibition against Staphylococcus Epidermidis bacteria, namely at a concentration of 20% chlorform extract of red ginger leaves as large as 18,90 mm. Meanwhile, the inhibition of Escherichia Coli is at a concentration of 20% n-hexane extract with an inhibitory power of 17,84 mm inhibition zone that is classified as a strong category to inhibit the growth of bacteria .The results of the One Way ANOVA data analysis (p less than 0.01) with a confidence level of 99%.","PeriodicalId":249696,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133976103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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