Atmospheric Environment最新文献_第10页

Spatiotemporal variation of black carbon in snow surface and atmosphere in an upper basin of central Chilean Andes: A retrospective analysis and future projections 智利安第斯山脉中部上部盆地雪面和大气中黑碳的时空变化：回顾分析和未来预测

IF 3.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121717

Felipe Aranda , Lina Castro , Tomás R. Bolaño-Ortiz , Felipe McCracken

Black Carbon (BC), generated mainly by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, reduces snow albedo by increasing solar radiation absorption, which enhances surface warming and accelerates snow ablation. This effect is particularly relevant in snow-dominated basins near emission sources. However, limited atmospheric and depositional BC measurements restrict the assessment of its spatial and temporal variability in mountain catchments. This study estimates past (2006–2022) and future (2023–2035) atmospheric BC levels in the Juncalillo River basin, Central Andes of Chile. BC concentrations in snow (BCCS) were inferred using an asymptotic radiative transfer model (ART) and subsequently used to estimate atmospheric BC through a statistical model. Future BC was projected under two contrasting scenarios: (1) climate change conditions using the IPSL-CM5A-MR GCM with Quantile Delta Mapping, and (2) increased vehicular traffic on the CH-60 road (primary emission source in the basin). BCCS ranged from 160 to 520 ng g⁻¹, with 11–20 % higher values within 1 km of the road. Atmospheric BC in 2006–2022 averaged 0.12 μg m⁻³ at the basin scale, with a non-significant increasing trend. Climate change projections suggest reduced BC (mean 0.10 μg m⁻³) with a significant negative trend, whereas the traffic-based scenario predicts an increase to 0.21 μg m⁻³ and a significant positive trend. These contrasting outcomes highlight the need to explicitly consider BC emission sources when evaluating future cryosphere changes in mountain basins.

黑碳（Black Carbon， BC）主要由化石燃料的不完全燃烧产生，通过增加对太阳辐射的吸收而降低雪的反照率，从而加剧地表变暖，加速雪的消融。这种影响在靠近排放源的以雪为主的流域尤为重要。然而，有限的大气和沉积BC测量限制了其在山区集水区时空变化的评估。本研究估计了智利安第斯山脉中部Juncalillo河流域过去（2006-2022年）和未来（2023-2035年）大气BC水平。使用渐近辐射传输模型（ART）推断雪中BC浓度（BCCS），随后通过统计模型用于估算大气BC。利用IPSL-CM5A-MR GCM和分位数三角洲制图对未来BC进行了两种不同情景的预估：(1)气候变化条件下，(2)CH-60公路（流域主要排放源）车辆流量增加。BCCS范围在160 ~ 520 ng g−1之间，在距离道路1公里范围内的值高11 - 20%。2006-2022年流域尺度大气BC平均为0.12 μg m−3，呈不显著上升趋势。气候变化情景预测BC值降低（平均0.10 μg m−3），呈显著的负趋势；交通情景预测BC值增加至0.21 μg m−3，呈显著的正趋势。这些对比结果突出表明，在评估山地盆地未来冰冻圈变化时，需要明确考虑二氧化碳排放源。

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引用次数: 0

Exposure assessment and particle number size distribution in train carriages in the London subway 伦敦地铁车厢内颗粒物暴露评价及粒径分布

IF 3.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121745

Michael Hedges , Max Priestman , Marc Chadeau-Hyam , Rudy Sinharay , Alison E. Kent , Frank J. Kelly , David C. Green

Subway systems provide an important mode of sustainable urban public transportation reducing traffic congestion and vehicle emissions. However, there are increasing concerns over the elevated levels of particulate matter (PM) concentrations found in the subway and the potential health effects from train-related emissions. These emission sources are common worldwide with the highest concentrations driven by lack of ventilation, tunnel depth and distance from tunnel openings. The aim of this study was to assess PM_2.5 mass concentrations, particle number concentrations and particle number size distributions by taking measurements inside a train carriage in a London Underground deep-tunnelled line. A fully portable, battery powered Mobile Reference Station (MoRS) was developed to obtain simultaneous measurements of oxides of nitrogen, ozone and all size fractions of PM in train carriages across 16 distinct Bakerloo Line subway journeys. In the tunnelled sections of the Bakerloo line mean PM_2.5 concentrations were 343 (115) μg m⁻³, with mean concentrations peaking at 550 (45) μg m⁻³ at Marylebone Station. A moderate negative correlation between PM_2.5 and NO₂ was demonstrated likely influenced by a complex relationship linking tunnel depth, ventilation, ambient air, PM_2.5 and NO₂ concentrations. PM_2.5 concentrations and particle size distributions were seen to be driven by the piston effect of moving trains and settling processes. Using particle number size distributions, ultrafine particles were found to constitute 84 % of subway particle number concentrations with 99 % of subway particles having a diameter less than 530 nm. Lung Deposited Surface Area (LDSA) was used to estimate PM exposure during the subway journeys. Importantly, total LDSA for PM_2.5 was higher in the subway than at a London roadside site. Overall, this study provides a basis to begin to control specific train related emission sources and to improve air quality management through focused mitigation strategies in the London Underground and worldwide subway systems.

地铁系统提供了可持续城市公共交通的重要模式，减少了交通拥堵和车辆排放。然而，人们越来越担心地铁中颗粒物（PM）浓度的升高以及与火车有关的排放物对健康的潜在影响。这些排放源在世界范围内很常见，其最高浓度是由缺乏通风、隧道深度和距离隧道开口的距离造成的。本研究的目的是通过在伦敦地铁深隧道线路的火车车厢内测量PM2.5的质量浓度、颗粒数浓度和颗粒数大小分布。开发了一个完全便携式，电池供电的移动参考站（MoRS），可以同时测量16个不同的贝克卢线地铁旅程中火车车厢内的氮氧化物，臭氧和各种大小的PM成分。Bakerloo线隧道段PM2.5平均浓度为343 (115)μg m−3，Marylebone站的平均浓度最高为550 (45)μg m−3。PM2.5与NO2呈中等负相关，可能受到隧道深度、通风、环境空气、PM2.5和NO2浓度之间复杂关系的影响。PM2.5浓度和粒径分布受列车移动和沉降过程的活塞效应驱动。根据颗粒数大小分布，超细颗粒占地铁颗粒数浓度的84%，99%的地铁颗粒直径小于530 nm。肺沉积表面积（LDSA）被用来估计地铁旅途中的PM暴露。重要的是，地铁中PM2.5的总LDSA高于伦敦路边站点。总体而言，本研究为开始控制特定列车相关的排放源，并通过伦敦地铁和全球地铁系统的重点缓解策略改善空气质量管理提供了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Reshaping metal composition and sources to reduce PM2.5 oxidative potential by clean energy policies in Xi'an, China 中国西安清洁能源政策重塑金属成分和来源，降低PM2.5氧化电位

IF 3.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121742

Lijing Zhang , Pingping Liu , Hongyu Yan , Yuhao Dong , Shaozhong Guo , Hongmei Xu

"Iron-fisted Smog Control '1 + 9' Action Plan" in Shaanxi Province in 2017 promoted clean heating in rural households including "coal-to-gas" and "coal-to-electricity" conversions. This study collected PM_2.5 samples in Xi'an during three periods (pre-, mid-, and post-policy implementation from 2016 to 2021) and quantified policy-driven changes in particulate toxicity and underlying influence factors through DCFH-based oxidative potential (OP) measurements. The results demonstrated significant decreases in characteristic metals from residential combustion sources (As, Pb, K) alongside increases in vehicular emission tracers (Cu, Mn) during policy implementation. A progressive decline in OP (16.28 ± 2.43, 14.41 ± 2.59, and 13.77 ± 2.62 nM H₂O₂ m⁻³ in pre-, mid-, and post-policy implementation periods) confirmed the efficacy of clean energy projects in reducing oxidative stress potential. OP showed strong positive correlations (R = 0.35–0.47, P < 0.01) with water-soluble toxic metals (Fe, Cu, Mn). The source apportionment of PM_2.5 OP was conducted using a combined approach of positive matrix factorization and multilayer perceptron. The results revealed that the contribution of residential combustion sources to OP decreased from 32.1 % before the policy implementation to 25.9 % afterward, showing a significant response to the clean energy policies enacted in the Guanzhong region. Meanwhile, in the post-policy period, vehicle emissions (37.3 %) surpassed residential combustion as a major contributor to OP. This study verifies that policy interventions focusing on replacing scattered coal and biomass burning effectively reduced PM_2.5 OP through decreasing toxic coal/biomass combustion components (As, Pb, K), achieving dual-control strategies targeting both mass concentration and toxicity reduction in precision air pollution management.

2017年陕西省实施“雾霾治理‘1 + 9’铁腕行动计划”，推进“煤制气”、“煤改电”等农村家庭清洁取暖。本研究收集了西安市2016年至2021年政策实施前、中期和后三个时期的PM2.5样本，并通过基于dcfh的氧化电位（OP）测量，量化了政策驱动下颗粒物毒性的变化及其潜在影响因素。结果表明，在政策实施期间，来自住宅燃烧源的特征金属（As, Pb， K）显著减少，同时车辆排放示踪剂（Cu, Mn）增加。OP（16.28±2.43,14.41±2.59和13.77±2.62 nM H2O2 m−3）在政策实施前，中期和后阶段的逐步下降证实了清洁能源项目在降低氧化应激电位方面的有效性。OP与水溶性有毒金属（Fe, Cu, Mn）呈强正相关（R = 0.35-0.47, P < 0.01）。采用正矩阵分解和多层感知器相结合的方法进行PM2.5 OP源分解。结果表明，关中地区居民燃烧源对OP的贡献率从政策实施前的32.1%下降到政策实施后的25.9%，对清洁能源政策的实施有显著的响应。同时，在政策实施后，机动车排放（37.3%）超过住宅燃烧，成为主要的OP来源。本研究验证了以替代散煤和生物质燃烧为重点的政策干预，通过减少有毒煤/生物质燃烧成分（as、Pb、K），有效降低了PM2.5 OP，实现了大气污染精准治理质量浓度和毒性降低的双重控制策略。

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引用次数: 0

Secondary organic aerosol formation in the arctic (Ny-Ålesund) atmosphere during summer: inferences from water-soluble dicarboxylic acids and related compounds 夏季北极（Ny-Ålesund）大气中二次有机气溶胶的形成：来自水溶性二羧酸和相关化合物的推论

IF 3.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121737

Suresh K. R. Boreddy, Prashant Hegde, Mukunda M. Gogoi, S. Suresh Babu

High-latitude regions are particularly susceptible to the impacts of climate change and global warming. Organic aerosols are widespread and play a vital role in the Earth's climate; therefore, monitoring their molecular distributions, sources, and formation processes is essential. The present study investigates water-soluble dicarboxylic acids and related secondary organic compounds in aerosols from the Gruvebadet observatory in Ny-Ålesund during summer 2023 to gain insights into the formation processes of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in the Arctic atmosphere. The results indicate that oxalic acid (C₂) was the most abundant, followed by succinic (C₄) and phthalic (Ph) acids, as well as malonic (C₃) and azelaic (C₉) acids. The higher abundance of C₄ over C₃ (on average) suggests relatively fresh emission sources. The high fumaric-to-maleic (F/M) ratios (mean: 1.14 ± 0.46) and diacids-C/TC ratios (16.4 ± 6.67 %) indicate that photochemical processes were a significant source of diacids throughout the sampling period. The mass diagnostic ratios indicate that the photochemical oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) enriched in the sea-surface micro-layer is the primary source of SOA, followed by the oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons (AHCs). Furthermore, quantification of C₂ associated with the photooxidation of UFAs was conducted using a linear relationship-based approach. The results show that on average, 61 ± 20 % (range: 9–83 %) of C₂ was derived from the oxidation of UFAs, with the rest was attributed to the photooxidation of AHCs. The present study also highlighted potential uncertainties in using regression-based source apportionment of C₂ with bootstrap analysis. These findings will improve our understanding of the transformation processes of organic aerosols, which are vital for climate modellers to accurately estimate SOA mass and its climatic effects, especially in the Arctic environment.

高纬度地区特别容易受到气候变化和全球变暖的影响。有机气溶胶分布广泛，在地球气候中起着至关重要的作用；因此，监测它们的分子分布、来源和形成过程是必不可少的。本研究调查了2023年夏季美国Ny Gruvebadet观测站-Ålesund气溶胶中的水溶性二羧酸和相关的二次有机化合物，以深入了解北极大气中二次有机气溶胶（SOA）的形成过程。结果表明，草酸（C2）含量最多，其次为琥珀酸（C4）和邻苯二甲酸（Ph），丙二酸（C3）和壬二酸（C9）。C4的丰度高于C3（平均），表明排放源相对较新鲜。富马/马来酸（F/M）比值（平均值：1.14±0.46）和二酸- c /TC比值（16.4±6.67%）表明，在整个采样期间，光化学过程是二酸的重要来源。质量诊断比值表明，海洋表层微层富集的不饱和脂肪酸（UFAs）的光化学氧化是SOA的主要来源，其次是芳香烃（AHCs）的氧化。此外，使用基于线性关系的方法对与ufa光氧化相关的C2进行了量化。结果表明，平均61±20%（范围：9 - 83%）的C2来源于ufa的氧化，其余来源于AHCs的光氧化。本研究还强调了使用基于回归的C2源分配与bootstrap分析的潜在不确定性。这些发现将提高我们对有机气溶胶转化过程的理解，这对于气候建模者准确估计SOA质量及其气候影响至关重要，特别是在北极环境中。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of Pandora and S5P/TROPOMI observations for investigating tropospheric NO2 vertical column densities in Thailand Pandora和S5P/TROPOMI观测对泰国对流层NO2垂直柱密度的评估

IF 3.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121738

Worapan Kanchanachat

This study examines tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) vertical column densities (VCDs) over Thailand using ground-based Pandora observations in Bangkok and S5P/TROPOMI satellite data at the national scale. Pandora measurements reveal distinct diurnal and weekly cycles, with sharp rush-hour peaks and lower weekend values, reflecting strong anthropogenic influence. Monthly and seasonal analyses show that NO₂ is highest in winter and lowest during the monsoon, influenced by the height of the boundary layer, precipitation, and photolysis rates. A comparison of Pandora and S5P/TROPOMI monthly averages shows strong temporal agreement while revealing a consistent low bias in S5P/TROPOMI. A seasonal breakdown shows the highest agreement in summer, moderate agreement in winter, and the poorest performance during the rainy season. At the national scale, the highest NO₂ levels are concentrated in central Thailand, especially Bangkok (5.59 × 10¹⁵ molec/cm²). Elevated column amounts also appear across the Bangkok Metropolitan Region and the Eastern Economic Corridor, consistent with urban–industrial sources, while Lampang exhibits a distinct hotspot associated with emissions from the Mae Moh power plant. The seasonal variation of aerosol optical depth (AOD) also follows the NO₂ pattern, with high AOD corresponding to elevated NO₂ levels during winter in central Thailand and during summer in northern Thailand. In contrast, both AOD and NO₂ decrease substantially during the rainy season due to enhanced wet deposition and more efficient atmospheric cleansing. These results highlight the dominant influence of traffic, industry, and power generation on Thailand's NO₂ burden.

本研究利用曼谷的Pandora地面观测资料和全国范围内的S5P/TROPOMI卫星资料，研究了泰国上空对流层二氧化氮（NO2）垂直柱密度（vcd）。Pandora的测量结果显示出明显的日和周循环，高峰时段峰值明显，周末值较低，反映出强烈的人为影响。月和季节分析表明，受边界层高度、降水和光解速率的影响，NO2在冬季最高，在季风期间最低。Pandora和S5P/TROPOMI月平均值的比较显示出强烈的时间一致性，同时显示出S5P/TROPOMI的一致性低偏差。按季节划分，夏季一致性最高，冬季一致性中等，雨季最差。在全国范围内，NO2水平最高的地区集中在泰国中部，特别是曼谷（5.59 × 1015分子/cm2）。在曼谷大都会区和东部经济走廊也出现了高柱量，与城市工业来源一致，而南邦则表现出与Mae Moh发电厂排放相关的独特热点。气溶胶光学深度（AOD）的季节变化也遵循NO2模式，在泰国中部冬季和泰国北部夏季，AOD高对应NO2水平升高。相比之下，在雨季，由于湿沉降增强和更有效的大气净化，AOD和NO2都大幅减少。这些结果突出了交通、工业和发电对泰国二氧化氮负担的主要影响。

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引用次数: 0

Accurate gas chromatographic determination of methane concentration in portable bag by direct comparison with highly pressurized calibration cylinder 气相色谱法与高压定标瓶直接比对便携袋中甲烷浓度的精确测定

IF 3.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121736

Namgoo Kang , Hyun-Cheol Jeong

Accurate methane concentration measurements are essential for trace gas flux studies in agricultural and environmental research, such as estimating emissions from rice paddies. We developed a novel direct calibration method with high pressure cylinders for determination of methane in atmospheric pressure portable bags using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. This advanced approach eliminates the time-consuming and error-prone indirect calibration process frequently used in real practice. We modeled gas behavior in the sample loop, ensuring consistent pressure across container types. Four sampling configurations were tested, with Configuration 1 achieving negligible biases (−0.083 to −0.310 μmol mol⁻¹) across methane concentrations of 27.9–48.6 μmol mol⁻¹ in N₂ or synthetic air, compared to significant biases (−4.1 % to −11.4 %) in Configurations 2–4 due to improper gas flow. A strong linear cause-and-effect relationship (R² = 0.9953) was established between gas pressure bias in the SL and methane concentration bias. The single-point-through-origin calibration model, supported by a detailed uncertainty estimation, showed a maximum relative bias of −0.83 % for Configuration 1, statistically insignificant at the 95 % confidence level (expanded uncertainty 1.1 %, 0.31 μmol mol⁻¹). The equivalence decision criterion (D ≤ 1.0) confirmed that methane concentrations in Tedlar bags were statistically indistinguishable from calibration cylinders. This analytical approach enhances the practical benefits of portable bags, including their lightweight design and ease of handling, for reliable sample storage and transport. The findings provide theoretical insights and practical guidance for reliable methane quantification, applicable to greenhouse gas analysis across various sectors, improving the accuracy of trace gas flux measurements.

精确的甲烷浓度测量对于农业和环境研究中的微量气体通量研究至关重要，例如估算稻田的排放量。采用气相色谱-火焰电离检测法，建立了一种高压气瓶直接定标常压手提式袋装甲烷的方法。这种先进的方法消除了实际中经常使用的耗时且容易出错的间接校准过程。我们模拟了样品循环中的气体行为，确保各种容器类型的压力一致。测试了四种采样配置，配置1在氮气或合成空气中甲烷浓度为27.9-48.6 μmol mol - 1时，偏差可以忽略（- 0.083至- 0.310 μmol mol - 1），而配置2-4由于气体流动不当，偏差显著（- 4.1%至- 11.4%）。SL气体压力偏差与甲烷浓度偏差之间存在较强的线性因果关系（R2 = 0.9953）。在详细的不确定度估计支持下，单点穿过原点的校准模型显示配置1的最大相对偏差为- 0.83%，在95%的置信水平（扩展不确定度1.1%,0.31 μmol mol−1）下统计不显著。等效判定准则（D≤1.0）证实了telar袋中的甲烷浓度与校准瓶中的甲烷浓度在统计学上无法区分。这种分析方法增强了便携袋的实际好处，包括其轻巧的设计和易于处理，用于可靠的样品存储和运输。这些发现为可靠的甲烷定量提供了理论见解和实践指导，适用于各个部门的温室气体分析，提高了微量气体通量测量的准确性。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Particle size distributions of current-use pesticides in three European atmospheric environments” [Atmos. Environ. 334 (2024) 120680] “当前使用的农药在三个欧洲大气环境中的粒径分布”的勘误表[Atmos。环境。334 (2024)120680]

IF 3.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121624

Ludovic Mayer , Lisa Melymuk , Darius Ceburnis , Céline Degrendele , Adela Holubová Šmejkalová , Petra Přibylová , Petr Šenk , Jakub Vinkler , Gerhard Lammel

引用次数: 0

High-efficiency in situ detection of atmospheric isoprene peroxyl radicals by furan-based fluorescent probe 呋喃基荧光探针高效原位检测大气中异戊二烯过氧基自由基

IF 3.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121739

Xin Li , Jiaxian Li , Shiming jia , Guoying Wang

Organic peroxyl radicals (RO₂·) serve as crucial intermediates in atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) degradation process, playing a pivotal role in the formation of secondary air pollution in the atmosphere. Among naturally generated RO₂ radical species, the Isoprene peroxyl radical derived from the oxidation of isoprene produced by plants, exhibits a relatively high concentration. It can drive the formation of photochemical ozone (O₃), facilitate the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) and organic nitrates, and is of critical importance in modulating the atmospheric oxidation capacity. Consequently, the accurate detection of the chemical behavior of isoprene peroxyl radical is of great significance for simulating and predicting regional air quality and evaluating the impact of nitrogen deposition on ecosystems. In this study, we for the first time report a furan - based fluorescent probe (IND-F). Through a specific capture reaction, this probe enables the in-situ quantitative detection of isoprene peroxyl radicals (ISOP34O2) in the atmosphere for the first time. This method features high sensitivity and offers a novel tool for the direct and convenient monitoring of specific radical species in the atmospheric environment.

有机过氧自由基（RO2·）是大气挥发性有机物（VOCs）降解过程中至关重要的中间体，在大气二次污染的形成中起着举足轻重的作用。在自然生成的RO2自由基种类中，由植物产生的异戊二烯氧化产生的异戊二烯过氧自由基浓度较高。它可以驱动光化学臭氧（O3）的形成，促进二次有机气溶胶（SOA）和有机硝酸盐的形成，对调节大气氧化能力至关重要。因此，准确检测异戊二烯过氧基的化学行为对于模拟和预测区域空气质量以及评价氮沉降对生态系统的影响具有重要意义。在这项研究中，我们首次报道了一种呋喃基荧光探针（IND-F）。通过特定的捕获反应，该探针首次实现了大气中异戊二烯过氧自由基（ISOP34O2）的原位定量检测。该方法灵敏度高，为直接、方便地监测大气环境中特定自由基提供了一种新的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Chemical characteristics and source apportionment of free amino acids in the Qinling forest atmosphere of central China 秦岭森林大气中游离氨基酸的化学特征及来源解析

IF 3.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121734

Xin Zhang , Rui Wang , Jianjun Li , Shuyan Xing , Lijuan Li , Yue Lin , Junji Cao , Yuemei Han

Free amino acids (FAAs) in ambient PM_2.5 samples were investigated at a forest site in the Qinling Mountains region of central China to explore their chemical characteristics, potential atmospheric processes, and sources across four seasons of 2021–2022. A total of 14 FAAs were quantitatively characterized using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatograph coupled with a high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometer. The mass concentrations of total FAAs varied from 6.4 to 48.5 ng m⁻³ (mean 23 ± 11 ng m⁻³) over the study periods, with higher levels in spring and summer. The compositional characteristics of total FAAs varied in different seasons. Among them, valine was mostly abundant, accounting for 39 ± 5 % of total FAAs, followed by alanine (14 ± 5 %) and glycine (14 ± 6 %). The correlations of FAAs with oxidants O₃ and NO₂ suggest that atmospheric oxidation capacity promoted their production, but the effects on individual ones varied. The total FAAs correlated negatively with ambient relative humidity but positively with temperature, indicating that meteorology was important factors governing the FAAs formation. Seven sources for PM_2.5 and FAAs, including biomass burning, gasoline vehicles exhaust, biological emissions, coal combustion, secondary formation, dust, and agricultural activities, were resolved from positive matrix factorization analysis. Biological emissions and agricultural activities were found to be the dominant sources of FAAs in this forest atmosphere. The contributions of these sources to individual FAAs varied substantially across different seasons. This study highlights the seasonal variability in the compositional characteristics of FAAs affected by the environmental factors and sources.

在中国中部秦岭地区的一个森林站点，研究了2021-2022年四个季节环境PM2.5样本中的游离氨基酸（FAAs）的化学特征、潜在的大气过程和来源。采用超高高效液相色谱仪和高分辨率Orbitrap质谱联用仪对14个FAAs进行了定量表征。在研究期间，总FAAs的质量浓度在6.4 ~ 48.5 ng m−3（平均23±11 ng m−3）之间变化，春季和夏季水平较高。不同季节总FAAs的组成特征不同。其中缬氨酸含量最多，占总FAAs的39±5%，其次是丙氨酸（14±5%）和甘氨酸（14±6%）。FAAs与氧化剂O3和NO2的相关性表明，大气氧化能力促进了FAAs的产生，但对单个FAAs的影响存在差异。FAAs总量与环境相对湿度负相关，与温度正相关，说明气象是影响FAAs形成的重要因素。通过正矩阵分解分析，确定了PM2.5和FAAs的7个来源，包括生物质燃烧、汽油车尾气、生物排放、煤炭燃烧、二次地层、粉尘和农业活动。生物排放和农业活动是森林大气中FAAs的主要来源。这些来源对单个FAAs的贡献在不同季节差异很大。本研究强调了受环境因子和来源影响的FAAs组成特征的季节变化。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of particulate matter and gaseous pollutants on NAFLD risk: A prospective cohort study among employed adults in Southwest China 颗粒物和气体污染物对NAFLD风险的影响：中国西南地区就业成年人的前瞻性队列研究

IF 3.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121735

Jinxiang Zhu , Peng Yu , Xu Qiao , Bin Yu , Peng Jia , Jan D. Reinhardt , Shujuan Yang

Background

While long-term exposure to air pollutants may increase the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the relative contributions of different air pollutants and the role of particulate matter (PM_x) size remain elusive. We investigated independent and joint effects of long-term exposure to PM of different sizes (PM₁, PM_2.5, PM₁₀, PM_1-2.5, and PM_2.5-10) and gaseous pollutants (NO₂, SO₂, and CO) on NAFLD incidence, as well as the impact of different PM_2.5 components.

Methods

This prospective study included 31,105 participants from the Chinese Cohort of Working Adults (CCWA). Newly diagnosed cases of NAFLD were identified through ultrasound-based diagnosis of hepatic steatosis during physical examination. Logistic regression was employed to estimate associations of individual air pollutants and PM_2.5 components with NAFLD. Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression assessed the joint effect of air pollutants and their relative contribution to the joint effect. Stratified analyses by demographic, behavioral, and health factors were also conducted.

Results

Each interquartile increase in the exposure to individual air pollutants and PM_2.5 components was associated with a higher incidence of NAFLD. PM_1-2.5 showed the strongest positive association (OR: 1.21, 95 % CI: 1.15–1.28). Among PM_2.5 components, organic matter (OM) had the highest independent effect (OR: 1.19, 95 % CI: 1.12–1.26). Among all included pollutants, PM_1-2.5 contributed most (71 %) to the joint effect on the NAFLD incidence at follow-up, followed by PM₁ (16 %) and NO₂ (13 %); of the PM_2.5 components, OM contributed the most (56 %). Effects of air pollutants on the NAFLD incidence were more pronounced in men and smokers.

Conclusion

Long-term exposure to PM_1-2.5 within the PM_2.5 size range most importantly affects new-onset NAFLD, and within PM_2.5 components OM appears to be the most relevant contributor. This study may provide valuable insights into implementing preventive strategies for NAFLD.

虽然长期暴露于空气污染物可能增加非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）的风险，但不同空气污染物的相对贡献和颗粒物（PMx）大小的作用仍然难以捉摸。我们研究了长期暴露于不同大小的PM （PM1, PM2.5, PM10, PM1-2.5和PM2.5-10）和气态污染物（NO2， SO2和CO）对NAFLD发病率的独立和联合影响，以及不同PM2.5成分的影响。方法本前瞻性研究纳入了来自中国工作成年人队列（CCWA）的31,105名参与者。新诊断的NAFLD病例在体格检查时通过超声诊断肝脂肪变性来确定。采用Logistic回归估计单个空气污染物和PM2.5成分与NAFLD的关联。加权分位数和（WQS）回归评估了空气污染物的联合效应及其对联合效应的相对贡献。还进行了人口统计学、行为学和健康因素的分层分析。结果暴露于单个空气污染物和PM2.5成分的每增加四分位数，NAFLD的发病率就会增加。PM1-2.5呈最强正相关（OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.15 ~ 1.28）。在PM2.5组分中，有机物（OM）的独立影响最大（OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.12 ~ 1.26）。在所有纳入的污染物中，PM1-2.5对随访时NAFLD发病率的共同影响最大（71%），其次是PM1（16%）和NO2 (13%)；PM2.5成分中，OM的贡献最大（56%）。空气污染物对NAFLD发病率的影响在男性和吸烟者中更为明显。结论长期暴露于PM2.5浓度范围内的PM1-2.5对新发NAFLD的影响最大，而PM2.5成分中OM的影响最大。本研究可能为实施NAFLD的预防策略提供有价值的见解。

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