Atmospheric Environment最新文献_第10页

The impacts of the Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ) and COVID-19 restrictions on air quality in central London – evidence for an increase in small particles 超低排放区（ULEZ）和COVID-19限制对伦敦市中心空气质量的影响——小颗粒增加的证据

IF 3.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121668

Douglas J. Gregg , Jordan Tompkins , Rebecca L. Cordell , Andrew S. Brown , Kirsty L. Smallbone , Joshua D. Vande Hey , Kevin P. Wyche , Paul S. Monks

Introduced in April 2019, the London Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ) targets reductions in NO_x and PM emissions to improve ambient air quality, with COVID-19 related restrictions superimposed throughout much of 2020 and 2021. However, little existing research assesses the impact of these interventions on O₃ and UFP (Ultrafine particles) concentrations, or accounts for variations in meteorological or anthropogenic influences. To assess these effects, NO₂, O₃, PM₁₀, PM_2.5 and 51 size-channel UFP data collected between January 2015 and December 2022 were normalised using Boosted Regression Tree (BRT) models comprised of twelve predictor variables, including overall trend, time of day/year, wind speed/direction, temperature and traffic volume. The introduction of the ULEZ expedited reductions in NO₂, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 abundance, aligning with existing research, alongside reductions in nucleation mode UFP abundance and concomitant increases in O₃, Aitken and accumulation mode UFP abundance. The implementation of COVID-19 restrictions expedited an increase/decrease in O₃/NO₂ respectively through the typical O_X couple chemistry. The use of BRT models accounts for changes in the predictor variables, thereby showing that changes in atmospheric composition are not wholly a reflection of seasonality, meteorology or anthropogenic activity. The findings indicate the introduction of both ULEZ and COVID-19 restrictions precipitated a reduction in ambient concentrations of larger particulate matter (i.e. PM₁₀, and PM_2.5) and larger modes of UFPs (i.e Accumulation and Aitken), alongside increasing concentrations of nucleation mode particles. The findings reinforce the necessity of examining the impact of interventions on atmospheric composition, including changes in the abundance of secondary pollutants.

伦敦超低排放区（ULEZ）于2019年4月推出，目标是减少氮氧化物和PM排放，以改善环境空气质量，2020年和2021年的大部分时间都将实施与COVID-19相关的限制措施。然而，现有的研究很少评估这些干预措施对O3和UFP（超细颗粒）浓度的影响，或解释气象或人为影响的变化。为了评估这些影响，2015年1月至2022年12月期间收集的NO2， O3, PM10, PM2.5和51个大小通道UFP数据使用增强回归树（BRT）模型进行归一化，该模型由12个预测变量组成，包括总体趋势，一天/一年的时间，风速/风向，温度和交通量。ULEZ的引入加速了NO2、PM10和PM2.5丰度的降低，与现有研究一致，同时降低了成核模式UFP丰度，并伴随增加了O3、Aitken和累积模式UFP丰度。新冠肺炎防控措施的实施通过典型的氧对化学反应加速了O3/NO2的增加/减少。BRT模式的使用解释了预测变量的变化，从而表明大气成分的变化并不完全反映季节性、气象学或人为活动。研究结果表明，ULEZ和COVID-19限制的引入促成了较大颗粒物（即PM10和PM2.5）和较大ufp模式（即积累和艾特肯）的环境浓度的降低，同时增加了成核模式颗粒的浓度。这些发现加强了检查干预措施对大气成分的影响的必要性，包括二次污染物丰度的变化。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of mobile emission reduction on ozone under future carbon neutrality scenarios in Korea 韩国未来碳中和情景下移动减排对臭氧的影响

IF 3.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121688

Yohan Yang , Hyeong-Ahn Kwon , Xiaomeng Jin

Tropospheric ozone (O₃), formed through photochemical reactions between volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NO_x ≡ NO + NO₂), poses detrimental risks to health and ecosystems. In South Korea, the fourth-highest maximum daily 8-h average (MDA8) O₃ concentrations have increased from 53 to 89 ppbv over the past three decades, and the implementation of the carbon neutrality strategy in South Korea is expected to alter emissions of O₃ precursors (NO_x, VOCs). In particular, emission changes in the transportation sector can affect ozone concentrations in densely populated urban areas, thereby impacting public health outcomes. Therefore, we investigate O₃ responses to transportation decarbonization using a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) under mobile NO_x and VOCs emission reduction scenarios. Across all scenarios involving 40 % reductions in mobile NO_x emissions in South Korea, with additional VOC reductions and expanded coverage to China in some cases, MDA8 O₃ concentrations increased. Furthermore, O₃ production regimes in South Korea remain NO_x-saturated or transitional in major cities despite NO_x reductions, while suburban and remote forested regions are becoming more limited by NO_x availability. NO_x-only mobile emission reductions led to substantial MDA8 O₃ increases (up to 4.7 ppbv) and additional six exceedance days compared to results from the control run, whereas concurrent VOCs reductions mitigated both the magnitude (2.7 ppbv) and the number of ozone exceedance days. Also, emission reductions for both NO_x and VOC in South Korea and China resulted in reducing O₃ exceedance days in May–July compared to results implemented only in South Korea, highlighting the importance of transboundary VOC mitigation.

对流层臭氧（O3）是由挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）和氮氧化物（NOx≡NO + NO2）之间的光化学反应形成的，对健康和生态系统构成有害风险。在韩国，在过去的三十年中，第四高的每日8小时平均（MDA8） O3浓度从53 ppbv增加到89 ppbv，韩国碳中和战略的实施预计将改变O3前体（NOx, VOCs）的排放。特别是，运输部门的排放变化可能影响人口稠密城市地区的臭氧浓度，从而影响公共健康结果。因此，我们利用全球三维化学运输模型（GEOS-Chem）研究了移动NOx和VOCs减排情景下O3对运输脱碳的响应。在韩国移动氮氧化物排放量减少40%的所有情景中，随着VOC的进一步减少和在某些情况下将覆盖范围扩大到中国，mda8o3浓度增加。此外，尽管氮氧化物减少，但韩国主要城市的臭氧生产体制仍处于氮氧化物饱和状态或过渡性状态，而郊区和偏远森林地区则越来越受到氮氧化物可用性的限制。与控制运行相比，仅减少nox的移动排放导致MDA8 O3大幅增加（高达4.7 ppbv），臭氧超标天数增加了6天，而同时减少VOCs则减轻了臭氧超标天数（2.7 ppbv）和臭氧超标天数。此外，与仅在韩国实施的结果相比，韩国和中国减少氮氧化物和挥发性有机化合物的排放导致5月至7月O3超标天数减少，突出了跨境减少挥发性有机化合物的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

High-resolution source apportionment and health risks of PM2.5-bound trace elements across a major Indian city: Seasonal and diurnal insights from a multi-site campaign using a mobile laboratory platform 印度一个主要城市的pm2.5微量元素的高分辨率来源解析和健康风险：使用移动实验室平台的多站点活动的季节性和昼夜见解

IF 3.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121675

Akanksha Lakra , Ambasht Kumar , Davender Sethi , Himadri Sekhar Bhowmik , Vaishali Jain , Sachchida Nand Tripathi

Despite increasing concern over PM_2.5 exposure, high-resolution, real-time assessments of elemental health risks, integrated with source attribution and diurnal variability, remain scarce in rapidly urbanizing cities. This study presents near-real-time, multi-site monitoring of PM_2.5-bound trace elements through a mobile laboratory platform-assisted campaign using an Xact-625i in a major city of the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) in India. We conducted measurements across four land-use categories, residential, industrial, commercial, and traffic-dominated, over two seasonal cycles: Cycle-I (post-monsoon to early winter) and Cycle-II (late winter to early summer). Elemental concentrations showed a twofold increase during Cycle-I, driven by poor atmospheric dispersion and enhanced combustion activities. Across both cycles, the industrial site consistently recorded the highest concentrations due to proximity to continuous emissions. An episodic event, the Diwali fireworks period, resulted in extreme concentration spikes, peaking at 367.5 μg/m³. Health risk assessment, conducted with and without the episodic event, employed deterministic and probabilistic (Monte Carlo) approaches across both cycles. Mn and Cr⁶⁺, emitted primarily from traffic-related sources, dominated non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, respectively. The event increased the non-carcinogenic risk from 1.44 to 1.98 and doubled the probability of risk exceedance from 49.8 % to 99.67 %. Source apportionment using positive matrix factorization resolved traffic, industrial, combustion, and fireworks-related emissions, with the non-exhaust factor contributing >35 % to both risk categories. Diurnal risk analysis identified high exposure windows during morning and evening hours across both cycles, aligned with urban activity patterns. This mobile laboratory platform framework enables real-time urban pollution hotspots mapping, identification of high-exposure windows, and source characterization to support targeted air quality and public health interventions.

尽管人们越来越关注PM2.5暴露，但在快速城市化的城市中，结合污染源归属和日变化的高分辨率、实时的基本健康风险评估仍然很少。本研究在印度印度恒河平原（IGP）的一个主要城市，通过移动实验室平台辅助运动，使用Xact-625i对pm2.5结合的微量元素进行了近实时、多站点的监测。我们在两个季节周期内对住宅、工业、商业和交通为主的四种土地利用类别进行了测量：周期i（季风后至初冬）和周期ii（冬末至初夏）。在循环1中，由于大气分散差和燃烧活性增强，元素浓度增加了两倍。在两个周期中，由于靠近连续排放，工业场地的浓度一直最高。排灯节（Diwali）燃放烟花期间的偶发性事件导致了极端的浓度峰值，达到367.5 μg/m3。在有或没有偶发事件的情况下进行的健康风险评估，在两个周期中都采用了确定性和概率（蒙特卡罗）方法。Mn和Cr6+主要来自交通相关排放源，分别占非致癌和致癌风险的主导地位。该事件使非致癌风险从1.44增加到1.98，并使超出风险的概率从49.8%增加到99.67%。使用正矩阵分解的源分配解决了交通，工业，燃烧和烟花相关的排放，非排气因素对这两个风险类别贡献了35%。日风险分析确定了两个周期中早晚时段的高暴露窗口，与城市活动模式一致。这个移动实验室平台框架能够实时绘制城市污染热点地图，识别高暴露窗口，并对污染源进行表征，以支持有针对性的空气质量和公共卫生干预措施。

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引用次数: 0

Differences between daytime and nighttime in the impacts of anthropogenic aerosol-radiative-cloud interaction on the summer precipitation over the mid-lower Yangtze River Basin 人为气溶胶-辐射-云相互作用对长江中下游夏季降水影响的昼夜差异

IF 3.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121687

Zhuohui Wang , Shu Li , Anning Huang , Xinsheng Zhu , Tijian Wang , Bingliang Zhuang , Mengmeng Li , Rongchang Wu

Aerosol-Radiation Interaction (ARI) and Aerosol-Cloud Interaction (ACI) significantly affect radiation budgets and hydrological cycles. However, quantifying the contribution of anthropogenic aerosols to regional precipitation remains a major challenge. In this study, utilizing the Regional Climate Model version 5 (RegCM5), we unraveled the mechanisms related to the disparities between daytime and nighttime in the impact of the anthropogenic aerosols on the summer precipitation over the middle and lower Yangtze River Basin (MLYRB). The results indicate that the ARI decreases the daily total precipitation amount (PA) by 0.05 mm (12 h)⁻¹ and precipitation frequency (PF) by 0.74 %. This suppression occurs primarily through a reduction in daytime convective precipitation, driven by radiative cooling (up to 14.02 W m⁻² reduction in surface net shortwave radiation) that enhances lower-atmospheric stability, manifested as a significant suppression of the planetary boundary layer height (PBLH), leading to moisture divergence and widespread subsidence. Compared to ARI, ACI exerts a stronger suppression, reducing daily total PA (PF) by 0.16 mm (12 h)⁻¹ (1.91 %) mainly by reducing daytime light to moderate convective precipitation. This is attributed to increased high cloud cover (3.89 %), which reduces surface net radiation and profoundly enhances atmospheric stability, quantified by a significant reduction in Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE), thereby weakening ascending motion. This study quantifies that ACI has a stronger impact than ARI, and both effects are significantly more pronounced during the daytime, revealing the critical role of diurnal processes in modulating aerosol-precipitation interactions.

气溶胶-辐射相互作用（ARI）和气溶胶-云相互作用（ACI）显著影响辐射收支和水文循环。然而，量化人为气溶胶对区域降水的贡献仍然是一个主要挑战。本文利用区域气候模式5 (RegCM5)，揭示了人为气溶胶对长江中下游地区夏季降水影响的昼夜差异机制。结果表明，ARI使日总降水量（PA）减少0.05 mm (12 h)−1，降水频率（PF）减少0.74%。这种抑制主要是通过辐射冷却（地表净短波辐射减少14.02 W m−2）驱动的日间对流降水减少而发生的，这增强了低层大气的稳定性，表现为对行星边界层高度（PBLH）的显著抑制，导致水汽辐散和广泛的沉降。与ARI相比，ACI的抑制作用更强，使日总PA （PF）减少0.16 mm (12 h)−1(1.91%)，主要是通过将日间光照减少到中等对流降水。这是由于高云量的增加（3.89%），减少了地面净辐射，极大地增强了大气稳定性，量化为对流有效势能（CAPE）的显著减少，从而减弱了上升运动。该研究量化了ACI比ARI具有更强的影响，并且这两种影响在白天都更为明显，揭示了日过程在调节气溶胶-降水相互作用中的关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of open biomass burning on air quality and radiation before spring plowing in Northeast China 东北地区春耕前露天生物质燃烧对空气质量和辐射的影响

IF 3.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121685

Yiqiang Tu , Yichun Liu , Ming Zhang , Qian Cao , Lunche Wang

Open Crop Straw Burning (OCSB) exerts significant impacts on air quality and the radiation balance through the concentrated short-term release of particulate matter and trace gases. However, previous studies have primarily focused on air quality impacts, with limited attention to the radiative effects (RE) induced by OCSB. This study integrates satellite observations with multi-year (2016–2020) simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) to investigate the effects of burning events before spring plowing in Northeast China (NEC), a region representative of OCSB activity. We quantify the spatiotemporal patterns of OCSB emissions and evaluate their contributions to surface PM₂.₅ concentrations and radiative effects. Satellite data reveal a 54 % reduction in fire counts across NEC from 2016 to 2020, reflecting the effectiveness of straw-burning ban policies. This decline led to notable reductions in PM₂.₅ pollution. WRF-Chem simulations show that OCSB emissions contributed 28.74 μg/m³ to surface PM₂.₅ in 2016, decreasing to 6.78 μg/m³ in 2020. Correspondingly, the surface shortwave RE declined from −21.36 W/m² in 2016 to −13.97 W/m² in 2020, while atmospheric RE decreased from 16.47 W/m² to 8.85 W/m². For the first time, we present a multi-year, observation-constrained evaluation of atmospheric quality and radiative effects before the spring plowing season in NEC, filling the gap in the regional OCSB radiation assessment and informing the development of emission control policies.

露天秸秆焚烧通过短期集中释放颗粒物和微量气体，对大气质量和辐射平衡产生重大影响。然而，以往的研究主要集中在对空气质量的影响上，对OCSB引起的辐射效应（RE）的关注有限。本研究将卫星观测与多年（2016-2020）模拟相结合，利用气象研究与预报模型耦合化学（WRF-Chem），研究了东北地区春耕前燃烧事件的影响，东北地区是OCSB活动的一个地区代表。我们量化了OCSB排放的时空格局，并评估了它们对地表PM2.5浓度和辐射效应的贡献。卫星数据显示，从2016年到2020年，东北地区的火灾数量减少了54%，这反映了秸秆焚烧禁令政策的有效性。这种下降导致PM2.5污染显著减少。WRF-Chem模拟结果显示，2016年大气污染物排放对地表PM2.5的贡献为28.74 μg/m3，到2020年减少到6.78 μg/m3。地表短波RE从2016年的- 21.36 W/m2下降到2020年的- 13.97 W/m2，大气RE从16.47 W/m2下降到8.85 W/m2。本文首次对东北地区春耕季节前的大气质量和辐射效应进行了多年观测约束评价，填补了区域OCSB辐射评价的空白，并为制定排放控制政策提供了信息。

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引用次数: 0

Change of chemical compositions of the regional free troposphere in North China during COVID-19: Observational evidence from the Mt. Tai observatory 新冠肺炎期间中国北方区域自由对流层化学成分的变化：来自泰山天文台的观测证据

IF 3.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121671

Yue Sun , Yujiao Zhu , Can Dong , Yingnan Zhang , Yujian Bi , Di Wu , Xiangkun Yin , Hengqing Shen , Tianshu Chen , Hongyong Li , Yuqiang Zhang , Qinyi Li , Wenxing Wang , Likun Xue

To prevent the spread of the novel coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19), China adopted a series of rigorous containment measures, resulting in dramatic anthropogenic emission reductions, and thus exerted great influences on air quality. Ground-based measurements reported notable decrease in major air pollutants such as CO, NO_x, SO₂, PM_2.5 during the lockdown period, however, O₃ concentration increased markedly due to the alleviated NO-titration. However, the impact of these emission reductions on the regional air quality in the free troposphere remains largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the influence of the emission reductions on air pollutant concentrations at the summit of Mt. Tai, which lies above the identifiable residual layer (RL) and planetary boundary layer (PBL) during wintertime and is therefore representative of the lower free troposphere over the central North China Plain (NCP). Our results showed that during the lockdown period, NO₂, SO₂, and CO concentrations decreased significantly by 37.1 %, 27.6 % and 23.4 %, respectively, compared to the pre-COVID period. O₃ and Ox concentrations remained largely unchanged, but PM_2.5 concentrations increased significantly by 21.9 %, diverging from most ground-level stations. Combined with the RACM-CAPRAM model simulations, the result suggests that the increased in PM_2.5 was mainly attributed to enhanced secondary aerosol formation, as indicated by enhanced formation of sulfate, nitrate, ammonium and organic aerosol component associated with aqueous-phase reactions. This enhancement was more pronounced during nighttime. These findings suggest that enhanced secondary aerosol formation during the lockdown period can offset primary emission reductions, contributing to the elevation of PM_2.5 in the free troposphere of the NCP.

为防止新型冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的传播，中国采取了一系列严格的防控措施，人为排放大幅减少，对空气质量产生了很大影响。地面测量结果显示，在封锁期间，CO、NOx、SO2、PM2.5等主要空气污染物浓度显著下降，但由于no滴定缓解，O3浓度明显上升。然而，这些减排对自由对流层区域空气质量的影响在很大程度上仍未得到探索。本文研究了在冬季，位于华北平原中部可识别残余层（RL）和行星边界层（PBL）之上的泰山峰顶的大气污染物排放减少对其浓度的影响，因此，它是华北平原中部（NCP）低层自由对流层的代表。结果表明，在封锁期间，与疫情前相比，NO2、SO2和CO浓度分别显著下降37.1%、27.6%和23.4%。O3和Ox浓度基本保持不变，但PM2.5浓度显著上升21.9%，与大多数地面站点存在差异。结合RACM-CAPRAM模型的模拟结果，PM2.5的增加主要是由于二次气溶胶的形成增强，主要表现为与水相反应相关的硫酸盐、硝酸盐、铵和有机气溶胶成分的形成增强。这种增强在夜间更为明显。这些发现表明，封城期间二次气溶胶形成的增强可以抵消一次减排，从而导致NCP自由对流层中PM2.5的升高。

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引用次数: 0

Chemical and morphological characterisation of soot particles emitted by medium-duty gasoline compression ignition transport engine 中型汽油压缩点火运输发动机烟尘颗粒的化学和形态特征

IF 3.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121657

Avinash Kumar Agarwal, M. Krishnamoorthi

Diesel engines are highly efficient and proven workshorse for heavy-duty automotive applications globally. However, they face challenges in controlling particulate matter emissions. Gasoline compression ignition technology simultaneously controls engine-out particulate matter and nitrogen oxide emissions. This study employed gasoline compression ignition technology using a 70:30 % (v/v) gasoline-diesel blend (G70) as a low-reactivity test fuel and an optimised fuel injection strategy. An open electronic control unit operated the engine in gasoline compression ignition mode. Tests were performed at different engine speeds (1500–2500 rev/min) and loads (5 and 10-bar brake mean effective pressure). The engine was also operated using a stock electronic control unit in baseline conventional diesel combustion mode. Particle numbers and soot mass were measured for all test cases. Soot morphology and nano-structures were analysed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Raman spectroscopy was used to investigate the soot particle's graphene layer. Trace metal elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the soot were assessed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results concluded that gasoline compression ignition emitted a lower PM mass than the baseline diesel. Diesel soot showed larger primary particles and compact aggregates, whereas chain-like soot aggregates were seen in the G70 soot. The primary particle diameter increased with engine speed but decreased with engine load. Twenty-seven trace elements and 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were detected in the soot sample, accounting for ∼6.64–8.85 % (w/w) of the particulate matter mass.

柴油发动机是全球重型汽车应用的高效和成熟的工作场所。然而，它们在控制颗粒物排放方面面临挑战。汽油压缩点火技术同时控制发动机排出的颗粒物和氮氧化物的排放。这项研究采用了汽油压缩点火技术，使用70:30% （v/v）的汽油-柴油混合物（G70）作为低反应性测试燃料和优化的燃油喷射策略。一个开放的电子控制单元在汽油压缩点火模式下操作发动机。试验在不同的发动机转速（1500-2500转/分钟）和负载（5和10巴制动平均有效压力）下进行。该发动机还使用一个备用电子控制单元在基线常规柴油燃烧模式下运行。测量了所有测试用例的颗粒数和烟灰质量。利用扫描电镜和透射电镜对烟灰的形貌和纳米结构进行了分析。利用拉曼光谱研究了烟尘颗粒的石墨烯层。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法和气相色谱-质谱法测定烟灰中的微量金属元素和多环芳烃。结果表明，汽油压缩点火排放的PM质量低于基准柴油。柴油烟尘显示出较大的初级颗粒和致密的聚集体，而G70烟尘则显示出链状的聚集体。初级颗粒直径随发动机转速的增加而增加，随发动机负荷的增加而减小。烟尘样品中检测到27种微量元素和13种多环芳烃，占颗粒物质量的~ 6.64 ~ 8.85% （w/w）。

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引用次数: 0

Critical factors influencing PM10 and PM2.5 pollution episodes and their associated particle chemical composition and mixing state in a coastal multisources area 沿海多源区PM10和PM2.5污染事件及其相关粒子化学组成和混合状态的关键影响因素

IF 3.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121676

Andebo Waza , Alexandre Deguine , Soulemane Ngagine , Pascal Flament , Patrick Augustin , Fabrice Cazier , Hervé Delbarre , Dorothée Dewaele , Elsa Dieudonne , Marc Fourmentin , Karine Deboudt

In Europe, a large proportion of the population lives in industrial and urban coastal areas, due to their role as hubs of population migration and economic activity. Despite regulatory efforts, these areas frequently experience PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 pollution episodes due to the high density of emission sources combined with complex atmospheric dynamics. In this context, we investigate pollution days (PDs) over a 4-year period (2018–2021) on the Great Dunkirk Area, a coastal region significantly affected by diverse pollution sources. We show that PM_2.5 pollution plumes predominantly exhibit regional extension, while PM₁₀ plumes are more often local, with clear seasonal patterns. Using SEM-EDX analysis of over 23,000 individual particles collected during the 2021 MIXTAPE campaign, we reveal a highly heterogeneous aerosol composition, dominated by sea salt and carbonaceous particles, with fine particles enriched in sulfur secondary species and coarse particles in calcium. The mixing state index (χ) ranges from 0.5 to 0.9, indicating a continuum from external to internal mixtures, strongly influenced by atmospheric ageing, recirculation, and turbulent mixing. Our results highlight that neither local wind direction nor plume extension alone can explain the observed chemical variability. Instead, the evolution of particle composition and mixing state depends on fine-scale meteorological dynamics including sea breezes and recirculation periods affecting pollutant dispersion and ageing. This work underlines the need to incorporate high-resolution particle chemistry and urban-scale atmospheric dynamics in air quality assessments and demonstrates the added value of single-particle analysis in complex, multisource coastal environments.

在欧洲，很大一部分人口居住在工业和城市沿海地区，因为这些地区是人口迁移和经济活动的中心。尽管监管努力，但由于排放源密度高，大气动力学复杂，这些地区经常出现PM10和PM2.5污染事件。在此背景下，我们调查了大敦刻尔克地区4年（2018-2021年）的污染日（pd），这是一个受各种污染源严重影响的沿海地区。我们发现PM2.5污染羽流主要表现为区域延伸，而PM10污染羽流更多地是局地的，具有明显的季节性模式。利用SEM-EDX对2021年MIXTAPE活动期间收集的23000多个单个颗粒进行分析，我们发现了一种高度不均匀的气溶胶成分，主要由海盐和碳质颗粒组成，其中细颗粒富含硫次生物质，粗颗粒富含钙。混合状态指数（χ）的范围为0.5 ~ 0.9，表明从外部到内部混合是连续的，受到大气老化、再循环和湍流混合的强烈影响。我们的研究结果强调，局部风向和羽流扩展都不能单独解释观测到的化学变异。相反，颗粒组成和混合状态的演变取决于精细尺度的气象动力学，包括海风和影响污染物扩散和老化的再循环周期。这项工作强调了在空气质量评估中纳入高分辨率颗粒化学和城市尺度大气动力学的必要性，并展示了在复杂的多源沿海环境中单颗粒分析的附加价值。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic effects and their driving factors of air pollution and carbon emissions in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region during 2018–2022 2018-2022年京津冀地区大气污染与碳排放的协同效应及其驱动因素

IF 3.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121674

Min Dong, Wenjiao Duan, Shuiyuan Cheng, Chuanda Wang, Xiaosong Hou

Investigating the synergistic effects of air pollution and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions and their influencing factors is crucial for developing more scientific environmental governance and climate change mitigation strategies. This study investigated spatiotemporal patterns of air pollutants and CO₂ emissions in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region during two distinct phases (2018–2020 and 2020–2022). Through integration of high-resolution emission inventories with WRF-CAMx modeling, sectoral contributions to CO₂ emissions and to PM_2.5 and O₃ concentrations were quantified. A systematic assessment of synergistic effects employed three metrics: pollution control efficiency, elasticity coefficients, and coupling coordination degree. Finally, geographic detector analysis combined with econometric modeling revealed driving mechanisms underlying these synergistic effects, incorporating spatial correlations and causal inference. The results indicated a continuous decline in air pollutants and CO₂ emissions across most cities in the BTH region from 2018 to 2022, with notable heterogeneity in the synergistic effects contributed by different sectors. Fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and CO₂ exhibited stronger synergistic effects compared to ozone (O₃) and CO₂. These effects were positively influenced by population size and negatively impacted by energy consumption intensity. Total standard energy consumption and energy consumption intensity had relatively greater influences. Furthermore, there were interaction effects between different influencing factors, including two-factor enhancement and nonlinear enhancement. This study provided valuable scientific insights for enhancing the synergistic management of environmental pollution alleviation and carbon emission control in future phases, and offered strategic guidance for more effective integration of air quality improvement and climate change mitigation efforts.

研究空气污染和二氧化碳排放的协同效应及其影响因素对于制定更科学的环境治理和减缓气候变化战略至关重要。研究了2018-2020年和2020-2022年两个阶段京津冀地区大气污染物和CO2排放的时空格局。通过将高分辨率排放清单与WRF-CAMx模型相结合，量化了部门对二氧化碳排放、PM2.5和O3浓度的贡献。采用污染控制效率、弹性系数和耦合协调度三个指标对协同效应进行了系统评价。最后，地理探测器分析结合计量经济模型揭示了这些协同效应的驱动机制，包括空间相关性和因果推理。结果表明，2018 - 2022年，北京市区大部分城市的空气污染物和二氧化碳排放量持续下降，但不同行业的协同效应存在显著的异质性。细颗粒物（PM2.5）和CO2的协同效应强于臭氧（O3）和CO2。这些效应与种群规模呈正相关，与能源消耗强度呈负相关。标准能耗总量和能耗强度的影响相对较大。不同影响因素之间存在交互作用，包括双因素增强和非线性增强。本研究为今后加强环境污染缓解和碳排放控制的协同管理提供了宝贵的科学见解，并为更有效地将空气质量改善与减缓气候变化工作结合起来提供了战略指导。

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引用次数: 0

Characteristics of PM2.5 concentrations in a tropical dry deciduous forest of Thailand: Forest fires and urban air pollution seriously affect air quality in forest ecosystems 泰国热带干燥落叶林PM2.5浓度特征：森林火灾和城市空气污染严重影响森林生态系统空气质量

IF 3.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121672

Mao Xu , Phuvasa Chanonmuang , Syuichi Itahashi , Hiroyuki Sase , Kazuhide Matsuda

Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter equal to or less than 2.5 μm (PM_2.5) remains a serious issue in Asia. To address the lack of observational data and investigate the status of PM_2.5 in the forests, we collected PM_2.5 above a tropical dry deciduous forest in a remote area of northeastern Thailand during the dry season. Notably, a large-scale surface fire occurred at the forest site during the mid-dry season. We also analyzed the PM_2.5 data collected by the Pollution Control Department of Thailand and the satellite-based aerosol optical depth (AOD) over Southeast Asia. Three episodes of elevated PM_2.5 concentration were observed at the site. Based on the ground-based measurements and AOD, two episodes were attributable to the long-range transport from urban areas in Vietnam and Thailand. The proportion of SO₄²⁻ increased in the two episodes, indicating SO₄²⁻ was a key indicator for identifying the sources of air pollution. While NH₄⁺, NO₃⁻, and SO₄²⁻ dominated approximately 83 % of the total concentration of water-soluble inorganic ions (WSII) during the non-fire periods, the forest fire substantially altered the chemical composition, with K⁺ and Cl⁻ accounting for approximately 42 %. The maximum concentration of total WSII in PM_2.5 during the forest fire period reached 88.0 μg m⁻³, which was approximately three times higher than that during the non-fire periods (26.4 μg m⁻³). The forest site served not only as a receptor of urban air pollution but also as a large source of PM_2.5. Enhancing regional cooperation and forest management is necessary in this region.

空气动力学直径小于等于2.5 μm （PM2.5）的颗粒物在亚洲仍然是一个严重的问题。为了解决观测数据的缺乏和调查森林中PM2.5的状况，我们在旱季收集了泰国东北部偏远地区热带干燥落叶林中的PM2.5。值得注意的是，在旱季中期，森林遗址发生了大规模的地面火灾。我们还分析了泰国污染控制部收集的PM2.5数据和东南亚地区基于卫星的气溶胶光学深度（AOD）。在现场观察到三次PM2.5浓度升高。基于地面测量和AOD，越南和泰国的两次事件可归因于来自城市地区的远距离输送。SO42 -的比例在两个时间段都有所增加，表明SO42 -是识别空气污染源的关键指标。在非火灾期，NH4+、NO3−和SO42−占水溶性无机离子（WSII）总浓度的83%左右，而森林火灾则显著改变了化学成分，其中K+和Cl−约占42%。林火期PM2.5总WSII浓度最大值为88.0 μ m−3，是非林火期（26.4 μ m−3）的3倍左右。森林场地不仅是城市空气污染的受体，也是PM2.5的主要来源。加强本区域的区域合作和森林管理是必要的。

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引用次数: 0