Pub Date : 2025-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121035
Bingliang Zhuang , Yinan Zhou , Yaxin Hu , Shanrong Liang , Peng Gao , Yiman Gao , Huimin Chen , Shu Li , Tijian Wang , Min Xie , Mengmeng Li
Ship emissions may have significant influences on regional climates with growing trade around the world. Therefore, an updated regional climate model with comprehensive cloud microphysics schemes is employed to investigate the effects of shipping sulfate and primary carbonaceous aerosols on the East Asian summer climate. Investigations indicate that ship emissions have substantial influences on air quality, the radiative energy budget and regional climate change in East Asia in summer. They would directly result in an increment in aerosol surface concentration by at least 10% around the coasts and optical depth by 0.03 over East Asia, which considerably increases the cloud droplet numbers along ship lanes. Subsequently, a very negative instantaneous radiative forcing (>1.5 W/m2) at the surface is exerted, and then the dipoles of anti-cyclone and convergence anomalies might occur from the Bay of Bengal to northeast Asia due to shipping aerosols. These thermal-dynamic responses could further affect cloud formation, hence inducing heterogeneous and nonlocal responses of radiation, air temperature and precipitation. Both cloud optical depth and fraction are likely increased in southwestern to northern China but decreased in parts of southern China and northeastern Asia through shipping aerosols interacting with radiation and clouds. As a result, surface cooling and wetting (warming and drying) are found in the region with positive (negative) cloud change. The absorption of shipping BC to solar radiation could yield a substantial warming tendency, which might have significant contributions to the climate responses in central to northern China.
{"title":"Influence of ship emitted sulfur and carbonaceous aerosols on East Asian climate in summer","authors":"Bingliang Zhuang , Yinan Zhou , Yaxin Hu , Shanrong Liang , Peng Gao , Yiman Gao , Huimin Chen , Shu Li , Tijian Wang , Min Xie , Mengmeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ship emissions may have significant influences on regional climates with growing trade around the world. Therefore, an updated regional climate model with comprehensive cloud microphysics schemes is employed to investigate the effects of shipping sulfate and primary carbonaceous aerosols on the East Asian summer climate. Investigations indicate that ship emissions have substantial influences on air quality, the radiative energy budget and regional climate change in East Asia in summer. They would directly result in an increment in aerosol surface concentration by at least 10% around the coasts and optical depth by 0.03 over East Asia, which considerably increases the cloud droplet numbers along ship lanes. Subsequently, a very negative instantaneous radiative forcing (>1.5 W/m<sup>2</sup>) at the surface is exerted, and then the dipoles of anti-cyclone and convergence anomalies might occur from the Bay of Bengal to northeast Asia due to shipping aerosols. These thermal-dynamic responses could further affect cloud formation, hence inducing heterogeneous and nonlocal responses of radiation, air temperature and precipitation. Both cloud optical depth and fraction are likely increased in southwestern to northern China but decreased in parts of southern China and northeastern Asia through shipping aerosols interacting with radiation and clouds. As a result, surface cooling and wetting (warming and drying) are found in the region with positive (negative) cloud change. The absorption of shipping BC to solar radiation could yield a substantial warming tendency, which might have significant contributions to the climate responses in central to northern China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 121035"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143308528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121031
Seoyeong Ahn , Hyewon Yun , Jieun Oh , Sooyoung Kim , Hyemin Jang , Yejin Kim , Cinoo Kang , Sojin Ahn , Ayoung Kim , Dohoon Kwon , Jinah Park , Insung Song , Jeongmin Moon , Ejin Kim , Jieun Min , Ho Kim , Whanhee Lee
A considerable number of previous studies have limitations in evaluating the population-representative relationship between ozone and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk and revealing high-risk populations due to the limited data availability that could not cover unmonitored areas. To estimate the population-representative association between warm-season (Apr–Sep) ozone and CVD mortality and examine high-risk populations, this study conducted a nationwide case-crossover study in South Korea from 2015 to 2019. Stratified analyses and meta-regression were also performed for each cause of death and demographic characteristics to find high-risk populations. As an exposure, daily modeled warm-season ozone estimated by a machine learning-based ensemble model was used (R2 > 0.92). In the total population, warm-season ozone was associated with an increased risk of total CVD death (OR: 1.010, 95% CI: 1.002–1.018), and mortality due to ischemic heart disease showed the highest OR (1.019, 1.003–1.035). The warm-season ozone-related CVD death risk was the highest in younger age groups (0–59 y) across all causes of CVD deaths, except for cerebrovascular disease death. The higher accessibility to hospital beds per 1000 was associated with a lower ozone risk of CVD mortality. The estimated excess CVD mortality fractions and years of life lost from mortality (YLL) attributable to warm-season ozone were 5.10% and 119,353.37 years. Our findings suggest that younger populations should be recognized as novel high-risk populations related to warm-season ozone and CVD mortality, and this study also provides potential benefits for constructing stricter ozone mitigation action plans.
{"title":"Short-term exposure to warm-season ozone, cardiovascular mortality, and novel high-risk populations: A nationwide time-stratified case-crossover study","authors":"Seoyeong Ahn , Hyewon Yun , Jieun Oh , Sooyoung Kim , Hyemin Jang , Yejin Kim , Cinoo Kang , Sojin Ahn , Ayoung Kim , Dohoon Kwon , Jinah Park , Insung Song , Jeongmin Moon , Ejin Kim , Jieun Min , Ho Kim , Whanhee Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A considerable number of previous studies have limitations in evaluating the population-representative relationship between ozone and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk and revealing high-risk populations due to the limited data availability that could not cover unmonitored areas. To estimate the population-representative association between warm-season (Apr–Sep) ozone and CVD mortality and examine high-risk populations, this study conducted a nationwide case-crossover study in South Korea from 2015 to 2019. Stratified analyses and meta-regression were also performed for each cause of death and demographic characteristics to find high-risk populations. As an exposure, daily modeled warm-season ozone estimated by a machine learning-based ensemble model was used (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.92). In the total population, warm-season ozone was associated with an increased risk of total CVD death (OR: 1.010, 95% CI: 1.002–1.018), and mortality due to ischemic heart disease showed the highest OR (1.019, 1.003–1.035). The warm-season ozone-related CVD death risk was the highest in younger age groups (0–59 y) across all causes of CVD deaths, except for cerebrovascular disease death. The higher accessibility to hospital beds per 1000 was associated with a lower ozone risk of CVD mortality. The estimated excess CVD mortality fractions and years of life lost from mortality (YLL) attributable to warm-season ozone were 5.10% and 119,353.37 years. Our findings suggest that younger populations should be recognized as novel high-risk populations related to warm-season ozone and CVD mortality, and this study also provides potential benefits for constructing stricter ozone mitigation action plans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 121031"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143277272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121032
Jie Liang , Jian Hang , Shiguo Jia , Jiajia Hua , Bo Zhao , Xuelin Zhang , Hong Ling , Ziwei Mo
Solar radiation is a significant factor affecting the concentration and dispersion patterns of photochemical pollutants in urban environments. This impact is mediated through alterations in temperature and thermally-driven airflow patterns, but the full extent of these effects has not yet been quantified. To address this gap, ANSYS Fluent and APFoam were used to simulate the dispersion of photochemical pollutants in a 2D street canyon (aspect ratio = 1), incorporating the complex O3-NOx-VOCs chemical mechanism via the CS07 mechanism to accurately represent the chemical processes. The novelty lies in its comprehensive assessment of how solar radiation, emissions, and dynamic and chemical processes interact to affect photochemical pollution. It was found that under different radiation conditions, NOx and O3 concentrations exhibit distinct distribution patterns. Compared to the neutral condition, the decreased NOx concentrations (23%) and increased O3 concentrations (8.7%) are observed in the morning and at noon, whereas in the afternoon, NOx concentrations rises (111%) and O3 concentrations decreases (20%) in the canyon. At night, NOx accumulates at the bottom of the windward side. Through sensitivity tests, we found that the primary pathway through which solar radiation affects the dispersion of photochemical pollutants is dynamic process. The pedestrian health risks of photochemical pollutants were evaluated that NO2 health risks are more pronounced in the afternoon and at night, while O3 risks are more severe in the morning and at noon. Overall, this study quantitatively demonstrates the significant impact of solar radiation on the photochemical pollutants and identifies the pathways of influence.
{"title":"O3–NOx–VOCs photochemical pollutant dispersion in 2D street canyon under effects of solar radiation","authors":"Jie Liang , Jian Hang , Shiguo Jia , Jiajia Hua , Bo Zhao , Xuelin Zhang , Hong Ling , Ziwei Mo","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar radiation is a significant factor affecting the concentration and dispersion patterns of photochemical pollutants in urban environments. This impact is mediated through alterations in temperature and thermally-driven airflow patterns, but the full extent of these effects has not yet been quantified. To address this gap, ANSYS Fluent and APFoam were used to simulate the dispersion of photochemical pollutants in a 2D street canyon (aspect ratio = 1), incorporating the complex O<sub>3</sub>-NO<sub>x</sub>-VOCs chemical mechanism via the CS07 mechanism to accurately represent the chemical processes. The novelty lies in its comprehensive assessment of how solar radiation, emissions, and dynamic and chemical processes interact to affect photochemical pollution. It was found that under different radiation conditions, NO<sub>x</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> concentrations exhibit distinct distribution patterns. Compared to the neutral condition, the decreased NO<sub>x</sub> concentrations (23%) and increased O<sub>3</sub> concentrations (8.7%) are observed in the morning and at noon, whereas in the afternoon, NO<sub>x</sub> concentrations rises (111%) and O<sub>3</sub> concentrations decreases (20%) in the canyon. At night, NO<sub>x</sub> accumulates at the bottom of the windward side. Through sensitivity tests, we found that the primary pathway through which solar radiation affects the dispersion of photochemical pollutants is dynamic process. The pedestrian health risks of photochemical pollutants were evaluated that NO<sub>2</sub> health risks are more pronounced in the afternoon and at night, while O<sub>3</sub> risks are more severe in the morning and at noon. Overall, this study quantitatively demonstrates the significant impact of solar radiation on the photochemical pollutants and identifies the pathways of influence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 121032"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143308527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121036
Reza Rezaei , Gülen Güllü , Alper Ünal
This study evaluates the impact of climate change on tropospheric ozone (O3) concentrations in the Eastern Mediterranean using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) models. Simulations were conducted for a historical period (2012) and a future projection (2053) under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. Anthropogenic emissions were sourced from the EMEP/EEA inventory, while biogenic emissions were calculated using the MEGAN model. Model performance evaluations yielded R2 (RMSE) values of 0.71–0.85 (3.33–4.9) for WRF and 0.58 (8.35) for CMAQ, indicating reasonable predictive accuracy. Under SSP5-8.5 (SSP2-4.5), the WRF model projects an average summertime temperature increase of 1.6 °C (1.2 °C) and a significant decline in precipitation across the Eastern Mediterranean. Air quality simulations show a regional increase in summertime O3 concentrations by 3.5 ppb (3.0 ppb) under SSP5-8.5 (SSP2-4.5), with the most pronounced increases occurring in the southeast. Conversely, a significant reduction in O3 concentrations is observed over the Marmara Sea and parts of Istanbul in both scenarios. This reduction is attributed to climate-induced processes, including accelerated O3 photolysis in moist conditions and enhanced O3 consumption by NOx in the NOx-saturated regime of the Marmara Sea region. Additionally, analyses reveal a significant increase in O3 levels in Istanbul under SSP5-8.5, while Bursa shows notable increases under both scenarios. These findings underscore the need for targeted emission control measures to mitigate future O3 pollution in the region.
{"title":"Assessing the impact of climate change on summertime tropospheric ozone in the Eastern Mediterranean: Insights from meteorological and air quality modeling","authors":"Reza Rezaei , Gülen Güllü , Alper Ünal","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the impact of climate change on tropospheric ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) concentrations in the Eastern Mediterranean using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) models. Simulations were conducted for a historical period (2012) and a future projection (2053) under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. Anthropogenic emissions were sourced from the EMEP/EEA inventory, while biogenic emissions were calculated using the MEGAN model. Model performance evaluations yielded R<sup>2</sup> (RMSE) values of 0.71–0.85 (3.33–4.9) for WRF and 0.58 (8.35) for CMAQ, indicating reasonable predictive accuracy. Under SSP5-8.5 (SSP2-4.5), the WRF model projects an average summertime temperature increase of 1.6 °C (1.2 °C) and a significant decline in precipitation across the Eastern Mediterranean. Air quality simulations show a regional increase in summertime O<sub>3</sub> concentrations by 3.5 ppb (3.0 ppb) under SSP5-8.5 (SSP2-4.5), with the most pronounced increases occurring in the southeast. Conversely, a significant reduction in O<sub>3</sub> concentrations is observed over the Marmara Sea and parts of Istanbul in both scenarios. This reduction is attributed to climate-induced processes, including accelerated O<sub>3</sub> photolysis in moist conditions and enhanced O<sub>3</sub> consumption by NO<sub>x</sub> in the NO<sub>x</sub>-saturated regime of the Marmara Sea region. Additionally, analyses reveal a significant increase in O<sub>3</sub> levels in Istanbul under SSP5-8.5, while Bursa shows notable increases under both scenarios. These findings underscore the need for targeted emission control measures to mitigate future O<sub>3</sub> pollution in the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 121036"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143308485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121033
Sen Yao , Fengjuan Fan , Hongyuan Jia , Shushen Yang , Junmei Zhang , Hanyu Zhang , Wenjiao Duan
Ozone (O3) pollution has emerged as a significant environmental concern in recent years, particularly exacerbated by enhanced atmospheric oxidation during summer. While significant progress has been made in understanding the role of precursors in O3 formation, studies focusing on the contributions of volatile organic compound (VOC) sources to O3 formation mechanisms remain limited. This study integrated a photochemical box model incorporating the Master Chemical Mechanism (AtChem2-MCM) with Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) to investigate VOC sources influences on O3 photochemistry in Zhengzhou, a megacity in China. The sensitivities of the O3-NOx-VOC sources were evaluated using the relative incremental reactivity (RIR), and priority sources for control were determined based on RIR, ozone formation potential (OFP), relative contribution (CTRB), and OH loss rate (LOH). Results showed that the reaction HO2 + NO (68.77%) dominated O3 production, whereas OH + NO2 (83.42%) was the primary pathway for O3 loss. The atmospheric oxidation capacity (AOC) increased from 3.72 × 107 molecules cm−3 s−1 on non-O3 pollution days to 5.69 × 107 molecules cm−3 s−1 on O3 pollution days, with corresponding O3 production and loss rates rising by 9.02 ppbv h−1 and 0.54 ppbv h−1, respectively. The RIR of mixed combustion sources (MC) was the highest among anthropogenic sources, and emergency prevention and control of O3 should first reduce MC. Meanwhile, vehicular emissions (VE) accounted for the largest proportion of OFP, LOH and CTRB, suggesting VE should be a long-term focus for O3 mitigation efforts. Biogenic emissions (BE) also contributed significantly to O3 formation and warranted attention. This integrated approach provides a robust theoretical framework for analyzing localized O3 pollution and developing targeted mitigation strategies.
{"title":"Quantitative impacts of VOC sources on atmospheric oxidation capacity and O3 formation from a megacity in China","authors":"Sen Yao , Fengjuan Fan , Hongyuan Jia , Shushen Yang , Junmei Zhang , Hanyu Zhang , Wenjiao Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) pollution has emerged as a significant environmental concern in recent years, particularly exacerbated by enhanced atmospheric oxidation during summer. While significant progress has been made in understanding the role of precursors in O<sub>3</sub> formation, studies focusing on the contributions of volatile organic compound (VOC) sources to O<sub>3</sub> formation mechanisms remain limited. This study integrated a photochemical box model incorporating the Master Chemical Mechanism (AtChem2-MCM) with Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) to investigate VOC sources influences on O<sub>3</sub> photochemistry in Zhengzhou, a megacity in China. The sensitivities of the O<sub>3</sub>-NOx-VOC sources were evaluated using the relative incremental reactivity (RIR), and priority sources for control were determined based on RIR, ozone formation potential (OFP), relative contribution (CTRB), and OH loss rate (L<sup>OH</sup>). Results showed that the reaction HO<sub>2</sub> + NO (68.77%) dominated O<sub>3</sub> production, whereas OH + NO<sub>2</sub> (83.42%) was the primary pathway for O<sub>3</sub> loss. The atmospheric oxidation capacity (AOC) increased from 3.72 × 10<sup>7</sup> molecules cm<sup>−3</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> on non-O<sub>3</sub> pollution days to 5.69 × 10<sup>7</sup> molecules cm<sup>−3</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> on O<sub>3</sub> pollution days, with corresponding O<sub>3</sub> production and loss rates rising by 9.02 ppbv h<sup>−1</sup> and 0.54 ppbv h<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The RIR of mixed combustion sources (MC) was the highest among anthropogenic sources, and emergency prevention and control of O<sub>3</sub> should first reduce MC. Meanwhile, vehicular emissions (VE) accounted for the largest proportion of OFP, L<sup>OH</sup> and CTRB, suggesting VE should be a long-term focus for O<sub>3</sub> mitigation efforts. Biogenic emissions (BE) also contributed significantly to O<sub>3</sub> formation and warranted attention. This integrated approach provides a robust theoretical framework for analyzing localized O<sub>3</sub> pollution and developing targeted mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 121033"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143308486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121034
Yurong Zhang, Yong Han
Atmospheric aerosols consist of a mixture of solid and liquid particles of complex size, phase, and chemical composition. The investigation of its physical properties holds significant scientific significance for in-depth understanding the intricate dynamics of aerosols, assessing radiation balance and climate change. So, what are the measurement techniques of the physical properties of aerosols? It is undoubtedly meaningful for us to further study the relevant scientific problems of aerosols. This review focuses on the direct measurement techniques of aerosols physical properties in recent 20 years. Here, aerosol physical properties include the particle size, shape, concentration, density, hygroscopicity and liquid water content, etc. The merits, demerits and limitations of each technique in both laboratory and field applications are summarized. Additionally, we also discuss the future research challenges regarding technological improvement and instrument development. Enhancing the accuracy of existing techniques and developing innovative ones is proposed, with the aim of realizing simultaneous multi-parameter measurements wherever possible and expanding the range of measurable aerosols dimensions. These direct measurement techniques facilitate exploration of the microphysical properties of aerosols, aiding in guiding the development direction and application of detection instruments.
{"title":"Direct measurement techniques for atmospheric aerosol: Physical properties review","authors":"Yurong Zhang, Yong Han","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atmospheric aerosols consist of a mixture of solid and liquid particles of complex size, phase, and chemical composition. The investigation of its physical properties holds significant scientific significance for in-depth understanding the intricate dynamics of aerosols, assessing radiation balance and climate change. So, what are the measurement techniques of the physical properties of aerosols? It is undoubtedly meaningful for us to further study the relevant scientific problems of aerosols. This review focuses on the direct measurement techniques of aerosols physical properties in recent 20 years. Here, aerosol physical properties include the particle size, shape, concentration, density, hygroscopicity and liquid water content, etc. The merits, demerits and limitations of each technique in both laboratory and field applications are summarized. Additionally, we also discuss the future research challenges regarding technological improvement and instrument development. Enhancing the accuracy of existing techniques and developing innovative ones is proposed, with the aim of realizing simultaneous multi-parameter measurements wherever possible and expanding the range of measurable aerosols dimensions. These direct measurement techniques facilitate exploration of the microphysical properties of aerosols, aiding in guiding the development direction and application of detection instruments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 121034"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143307702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121029
Thomas E. Gill , Jose A. Rivas Jr. , Elizabeth J. Walsh
Deposition of aeolian (windblown) dust and sand in drylands, such as the El Paso, Texas, USA/Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico metropolitan area within the Chihuahuan Desert, impacts soils, ecosystems, human infrastructure, and air quality. We monitored dry bulk deposition using marble dust collectors (MDCOs), a passive sampler, deployed atop a university building 21m above ground level during synoptic-scale wind events in urban El Paso, for five years (2011–2016). A nearby Texas Commission on Environmental Quality air monitor continuously measured particulate matter concentrations. MDCO sediment deposition rates over five synoptic dust event seasons (October–May) averaged 111 gm−2yr−1 (range 85–164 gm−2yr−1), higher than almost all other North American sites but generally lower than Global Dust Belt locations. These deposition rate values, representing only synoptic-scale wind events, underestimate total annual aeolian deposition (augmented by convective dust events and inputs during non-windstorm conditions). Deposition rates were ∼2x those reported for rural El Paso County, suggesting urban fugitive dust enhances total dry deposition. Mean grain size of deposited sediment in all events was >50 μm (sand), even though collected ∼20 m above the height of saltation, indicating that events in El Paso can be considered “blowing sand” rather than “blowing dust.” PM10 concentrations averaged 28 μg/m3 over all collection years but 200 μg/m3 during hours dust was observed, were extremely variable, and were significantly higher during years of strong drought. PM2.5/PM10 ratios averaged 0.13–0.14 during collection periods and dust hours. PM2.5 concentrations were less strongly variable, showing the roles of dust and drought in PMcoarse in El Paso. Back trajectories during synoptic events were predominantly from the southwest and west, crossing sandy, erodible desert soils and remote-sensing-identified dust hotspots. MDCO sediments were comprised primarily of predominant Chihuahuan Desert soil minerals (quartz, feldspars, and calcite). Compared to global average aeolian deposition of major and minor elements, El Paso samples were enriched in silicon but depleted in aluminum, titanium, and manganese, as well as iron, an element with important ecological, radiative, and human health impacts. El Paso, Texas appears to be one of the dustiest/sandiest cities in North America.
{"title":"Aeolian sediment in El Paso, Texas: Elevated desert sand deposition rates and dust concentrations, enhanced by drought and urban sources","authors":"Thomas E. Gill , Jose A. Rivas Jr. , Elizabeth J. Walsh","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deposition of aeolian (windblown) dust and sand in drylands, such as the El Paso, Texas, USA/Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico metropolitan area within the Chihuahuan Desert, impacts soils, ecosystems, human infrastructure, and air quality. We monitored dry bulk deposition using marble dust collectors (MDCOs), a passive sampler, deployed atop a university building 21m above ground level during synoptic-scale wind events in urban El Paso, for five years (2011–2016). A nearby Texas Commission on Environmental Quality air monitor continuously measured particulate matter concentrations. MDCO sediment deposition rates over five synoptic dust event seasons (October–May) averaged 111 gm<sup>−2</sup>yr<sup>−1</sup> (range 85–164 gm<sup>−2</sup>yr<sup>−1</sup>), higher than almost all other North American sites but generally lower than Global Dust Belt locations. These deposition rate values, representing only synoptic-scale wind events, underestimate total annual aeolian deposition (augmented by convective dust events and inputs during non-windstorm conditions). Deposition rates were ∼2x those reported for rural El Paso County, suggesting urban fugitive dust enhances total dry deposition. Mean grain size of deposited sediment in all events was >50 μm (sand), even though collected ∼20 m above the height of saltation, indicating that events in El Paso can be considered “blowing sand” rather than “blowing dust.” PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations averaged 28 μg/m<sup>3</sup> over all collection years but 200 μg/m<sup>3</sup> during hours dust was observed, were extremely variable, and were significantly higher during years of strong drought. PM<sub>2.5</sub>/PM<sub>10</sub> ratios averaged 0.13–0.14 during collection periods and dust hours. PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations were less strongly variable, showing the roles of dust and drought in PM<sub>coarse</sub> in El Paso. Back trajectories during synoptic events were predominantly from the southwest and west, crossing sandy, erodible desert soils and remote-sensing-identified dust hotspots. MDCO sediments were comprised primarily of predominant Chihuahuan Desert soil minerals (quartz, feldspars, and calcite). Compared to global average aeolian deposition of major and minor elements, El Paso samples were enriched in silicon but depleted in aluminum, titanium, and manganese, as well as iron, an element with important ecological, radiative, and human health impacts. El Paso, Texas appears to be one of the dustiest/sandiest cities in North America.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 121029"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143308481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.121023
Dongyue Liu , Yunbo Lu , Lunche Wang , Ming Zhang , Wenmin Qin , Lan Feng , Zhitong Wang
The presence and variability of clouds have a significant effect on surface solar radiation (SSR). The range of cloud products currently available for SSR estimation vary in spatial and temporal resolution and accuracy. Since the effect of different cloud products on the accuracy of SSR estimation has not been adequately quantified in existing studies, this study evaluates the performance of four cloud products (Himawari-8, ISCCP, CERES, and MERRA-2) in estimating SSR and analyzes them in comparison with the MODIS cloud product. The accuracy of SSR estimation of the four cloud products is verified using measured data from BSRN and CERN ground-based observatories. The results show that Himawari-8 has the best performance with R-squared (R2) values of 0.94 and 0.74 and root mean square errors (RMSE) of 71.03 W/m2 and 141.36 W/m2 on the sub-daily scales at the BSRN and CERN sites, respectively. CERES and ISCCP have similar performances, but they vary by site and month. While MERRA-2 grossly underestimates SSR, probably related to misclassification of clear skies as cloudy and overestimation of cloud optical thickness under cloudy conditions. Compared to MODIS, Himawari-8 provides better agreement with MODIS results in cloud classification and cloud phase identification, while CERES provides better agreement with MODIS results in cloud optical thickness. Overall, Himawari-8 performs best in SSR estimation. This comprehensive assessment not only highlights the crucial role of cloud observations on SSR estimations but also details the strengths and weaknesses of each cloud product in enhancing the understanding of solar radiation dynamics.
{"title":"Performance evaluation of different cloud products for estimating surface solar radiation","authors":"Dongyue Liu , Yunbo Lu , Lunche Wang , Ming Zhang , Wenmin Qin , Lan Feng , Zhitong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.121023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.121023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presence and variability of clouds have a significant effect on surface solar radiation (SSR). The range of cloud products currently available for SSR estimation vary in spatial and temporal resolution and accuracy. Since the effect of different cloud products on the accuracy of SSR estimation has not been adequately quantified in existing studies, this study evaluates the performance of four cloud products (Himawari-8, ISCCP, CERES, and MERRA-2) in estimating SSR and analyzes them in comparison with the MODIS cloud product. The accuracy of SSR estimation of the four cloud products is verified using measured data from BSRN and CERN ground-based observatories. The results show that Himawari-8 has the best performance with R-squared (R<sup>2</sup>) values of 0.94 and 0.74 and root mean square errors (RMSE) of 71.03 W/m<sup>2</sup> and 141.36 W/m<sup>2</sup> on the sub-daily scales at the BSRN and CERN sites, respectively. CERES and ISCCP have similar performances, but they vary by site and month. While MERRA-2 grossly underestimates SSR, probably related to misclassification of clear skies as cloudy and overestimation of cloud optical thickness under cloudy conditions. Compared to MODIS, Himawari-8 provides better agreement with MODIS results in cloud classification and cloud phase identification, while CERES provides better agreement with MODIS results in cloud optical thickness. Overall, Himawari-8 performs best in SSR estimation. This comprehensive assessment not only highlights the crucial role of cloud observations on SSR estimations but also details the strengths and weaknesses of each cloud product in enhancing the understanding of solar radiation dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 121023"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143308501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121030
Hui Zhao , Jinghan Wang , Yu Pan , Qi Guan , Mingjie kang , Ting Li
In 2020, the outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) spread across China and the globe. In response to this severe challenge, China swiftly enforced a series of rigorous lockdown measures, significantly improving air quality. However, O3 levels increased, and their potential impact on ecosystems remains unclear. Therefore, this research systematically assessed the ecological risks from O3 during the warm season of 2020 across China and further quantified its effect on the yields of major crops. The findings revealed that during the warm season of 2020, the values of the five ecological risk indicators across China were 42.1 ± 0.5 ppb for M12, 43.0 ± 0.5 ppb for M7, 32.5 ± 1.3 ppm h for SUM06, 22.1 ± 0.7 ppm h for AOT40, and 27.2 ± 1.0 ppm h for W126. The highest risks were observed in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, followed by the Yangtze River Delta and Central China. During the main crop growing seasons, the national average AOT40 values were 9.3 ± 0.3 ppm h for winter wheat, 11.6 ± 0.6 ppm h for spring wheat, 10.2 ± 0.4 ppm h for single rice, 5.8 ± 0.4 ppm h for double-early rice, and 7.9 ± 0.4 ppm h for double-late rice. The projected ranges of O3-induced national relative yield losses for wheat and rice were 20.4–32.9% and 3.1–9.7%, respectively. Correspondingly, the total national yield losses were 6.61 × 107 metric tons and 1.37 × 107 metric tons, respectively. Our findings reveal that O3 posed significant harmful risks to ecosystems during the COVID-19 pandemic. These results not only highlight the threat of O3 to agricultural production but also offer a scientific foundation to develop enhanced policies for controlling air pollution effectively.
{"title":"Assessing the ecological risk of surface ozone and its impact on crop yields in China throughout the entire year of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020","authors":"Hui Zhao , Jinghan Wang , Yu Pan , Qi Guan , Mingjie kang , Ting Li","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In 2020, the outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) spread across China and the globe. In response to this severe challenge, China swiftly enforced a series of rigorous lockdown measures, significantly improving air quality. However, O<sub>3</sub> levels increased, and their potential impact on ecosystems remains unclear. Therefore, this research systematically assessed the ecological risks from O<sub>3</sub> during the warm season of 2020 across China and further quantified its effect on the yields of major crops. The findings revealed that during the warm season of 2020, the values of the five ecological risk indicators across China were 42.1 ± 0.5 ppb for M12, 43.0 ± 0.5 ppb for M7, 32.5 ± 1.3 ppm h for SUM06, 22.1 ± 0.7 ppm h for AOT40, and 27.2 ± 1.0 ppm h for W126. The highest risks were observed in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, followed by the Yangtze River Delta and Central China. During the main crop growing seasons, the national average AOT40 values were 9.3 ± 0.3 ppm h for winter wheat, 11.6 ± 0.6 ppm h for spring wheat, 10.2 ± 0.4 ppm h for single rice, 5.8 ± 0.4 ppm h for double-early rice, and 7.9 ± 0.4 ppm h for double-late rice. The projected ranges of O<sub>3</sub>-induced national relative yield losses for wheat and rice were 20.4–32.9% and 3.1–9.7%, respectively. Correspondingly, the total national yield losses were 6.61 × 10<sup>7</sup> metric tons and 1.37 × 10<sup>7</sup> metric tons, respectively. Our findings reveal that O<sub>3</sub> posed significant harmful risks to ecosystems during the COVID-19 pandemic. These results not only highlight the threat of O<sub>3</sub> to agricultural production but also offer a scientific foundation to develop enhanced policies for controlling air pollution effectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 121030"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143308664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121026
Cheng Wan , Haifeng Xu , Wenhui Luo , Jinji Ma , Zhengqiang Li
In recent years, rapid industrialization and urbanization in China have resulted in severe air pollution, with fine particulate matter (PM2.5) being a major issue. PM2.5 estimation typically relies on aerosol optical depth (AOD) data, while PM2.5 is primarily composed of fine-mode aerosols, better represented by fine-mode aerosol optical depth (AODf). This study constructed PM2.5 estimation models using both AODf and AOD data to obtain long-term PM2.5 concentration datasets for China. SHAP and biased dependence algorithms were applied to analyze influencing factors and interactions, along with regional differences in PM2.5 estimation based on multimodal AOD. The results indicate that AODf-based PM2.5 estimation slightly improves accuracy compared to AOD. PM2.5 concentrations showed an increasing trend from 2001 to 2013, peaking during this period, followed by a decline after 2013. Seasonally, the highest concentration was observed in winter (64.49 ± 19.8 μg/m³), followed by spring and autumn, with the lowest in summer (33.07 ± 8.8 μg/m³). The main influencing factors include AODf (26.97%), relative humidity (14.33%), 2m temperature (10.75%), and total evaporation (9.93%). Regional differences are evident: in the west, coarse-mode aerosols dominate, limiting the accuracy of AODf-based estimation, while in the east, fine-mode aerosols play a larger role. Furthermore, the continued decline in PM2.5 is attributed to the decreasing proportion of fine-mode aerosols. This study is of great significance for a comprehensive understanding of the changing pattern of PM2.5 and the formulation of air pollution control policies according to local conditions.
{"title":"Estimation of regional PM2.5 concentration in China based on fine-mode aerosol optical thickness (AODf) and study of influencing factors","authors":"Cheng Wan , Haifeng Xu , Wenhui Luo , Jinji Ma , Zhengqiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, rapid industrialization and urbanization in China have resulted in severe air pollution, with fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) being a major issue. PM<sub>2.5</sub> estimation typically relies on aerosol optical depth (AOD) data, while PM<sub>2.5</sub> is primarily composed of fine-mode aerosols, better represented by fine-mode aerosol optical depth (AODf). This study constructed PM<sub>2.5</sub> estimation models using both AODf and AOD data to obtain long-term PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration datasets for China. SHAP and biased dependence algorithms were applied to analyze influencing factors and interactions, along with regional differences in PM<sub>2.5</sub> estimation based on multimodal AOD. The results indicate that AODf-based PM<sub>2.5</sub> estimation slightly improves accuracy compared to AOD. PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations showed an increasing trend from 2001 to 2013, peaking during this period, followed by a decline after 2013. Seasonally, the highest concentration was observed in winter (64.49 ± 19.8 μg/m³), followed by spring and autumn, with the lowest in summer (33.07 ± 8.8 μg/m³). The main influencing factors include AODf (26.97%), relative humidity (14.33%), 2m temperature (10.75%), and total evaporation (9.93%). Regional differences are evident: in the west, coarse-mode aerosols dominate, limiting the accuracy of AODf-based estimation, while in the east, fine-mode aerosols play a larger role. Furthermore, the continued decline in PM<sub>2.5</sub> is attributed to the decreasing proportion of fine-mode aerosols. This study is of great significance for a comprehensive understanding of the changing pattern of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and the formulation of air pollution control policies according to local conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 121026"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143307701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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