Atmospheric Environment最新文献

{"title":"Sensitivity analysis of aerosol optical and radiative properties over the climate sensitive Hindu Kush Himalayan region using sky radiometer observation","authors":"Shantikumar S. Ningombam ,&nbsp;Swagata Mukhopadhyay ,&nbsp;B.L. Madhavan ,&nbsp;A.K. Srivastava","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.121008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.121008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study examined sensitivity analysis of aerosol optical and radiative properties due to different versions of SKYRAD.pack module (i.e. versions 4.2 and 5.0) along with stability and performance of sky radiometer instruments (POM-01), operating at Hanle, Leh and Merak, located at high-altitude background sites in the most climate sensitive Hindu Kush Himalayan region. The study utilized long-term aerosol measurements during 2008–2024 for examining the stability and performance of the instruments. As a part of sensitivity analysis, coarse-mode aerosol optical depth (AOD) was found to be higher at version 4.2, while fine-mode AOD showed higher at version 5.0, but interestingly the variation of total AOD was found to be insignificant. Further, single scattering albedo (SSA) at version 5.0 was overestimated from 4.2 version. Among the parameters, aerosol asymmetry parameter (AS) showed significantly larger difference between the two versions with overestimation at 4.2 version. Such large differences of AS may be attributed to variations in aerosol radiative forcing parameters. Further, variation of <span><math><mo>±</mo></math></span>2% calibration constants (F0I) in the sensitivity analysis showed significant variation in the retrieval parameters. Aerosol volume size distribution at three sites showed dominantly tri-modal pattern at version 4.2, while version 5.0 showed dominance of bi-modal distribution, which may be attributed from significant variation of AS between the two versions. These findings highlighted the importance of performing calibration procedures frequently to ensure the quality controlled data at background sites in particular, and sensitivity analysis for aerosol retrieval parameters in different versions of the SKYRAD.pack software tool.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 121008"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143307761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of meteorological uncertainties on PM2.5 forecast: An ensemble air quality forecast study during 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics","authors":"Wei Wen ,&nbsp;Liyao Shen ,&nbsp;Li Sheng ,&nbsp;Xin Ma ,&nbsp;Jikang Wang ,&nbsp;Chenggong Guan ,&nbsp;Guo Deng ,&nbsp;Hongqi Li ,&nbsp;Bin Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research constructed an air quality ensemble forecasting model consisting of fifteen members using the China Meteorological Administration regional ensemble forecasting system (CMA_REPS) and Comprehensive Air Quality Model Extensions (CAMx) models to investigate the influence of atmospheric field uncertainty on air quality simulations. Focusing on the Beijing Winter Olympics in February 2022, this study examines the effects of both ground-level and vertical meteorological conditions on PM_2.5 concentration distributions. The simulation accuracy of the model was validated, and its performance was analyzed. Results revealed that the ensemble mean simulations exhibit high correlation coefficients with observations for temperature (0.95), wind speed (0.80), relative humidity (0.83), and pressure (0.99). Both the control forecast and the ensemble mean for PM_2.5 concentration aligned well with observations, with the ensemble mean demonstrating a strong correlation between the root mean square error and ensemble spread. In terms of reducing the false alarm rate (FAR) and improving the Bias Score (BS), the ensemble mean outperformed the control forecast. The control forecast for PM_2.5 concentration was found to be more accurate at and around pollutant concentration inflection points, which may be attributed to simulation deviations in temperature and pressure that introduce uncertainty in atmospheric stability simulations. The correlation between PM_2.5 and various meteorological elements varied during different periods. The vertical distribution of meteorological factors also significantly affected simulation outcomes, particularly uncertainties in simulating wind speed and inversion temperature processes, which further contributed to the uncertainty in pollutant simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 121027"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143308483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurements and model results of a two-year dataset of ammonia exchange over a coniferous forest in the Netherlands","authors":"E.A. Melman ,&nbsp;S. Rutledge-Jonker ,&nbsp;K.F.A. Frumau ,&nbsp;A. Hensen ,&nbsp;W.A.J. van Pul ,&nbsp;A.P. Stolk ,&nbsp;R.J. Wichink Kruit ,&nbsp;M.C. van Zanten","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study we present and analyse a two-year dataset of NH<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> exchange over a temperate Douglas fir forest in the Netherlands. The atmospheric NH<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> concentration ([NH<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>]) was measured at multiple heights above the canopy in 2009 and 2010. We applied the aerodynamic gradient method combined with four different methods for roughness sublayer correction to calculate fluxes. The results with and without this correction were on average similar, but instantaneous differences can be up to 30%. We evaluated a 1-D inferential model (DEPAC). The reference run tended to overestimate deposition and did not predict emission. The observed stomatal emission potential (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>Γ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) agrees well with values from literature and the modelled relation in DEPAC. The model performance strongly improved after implementation of a temperature dependent scaling factor in the external leaf pathway. We estimated the annual deposition load by combining observed and modelled fluxes and subsequent extrapolation of the mean (median) flux to be <span><math><mrow><mn>11</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>8</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></math></span> (<span><math><mrow><mn>8</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>5</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>6</mn></mrow></math></span>) kg N ha⁻¹ in 2009 and <span><math><mrow><mn>11</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></math></span> (<span><math><mrow><mn>8</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>7</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>6</mn></mrow></math></span>) kg N ha⁻¹ in 2010. Compared to historical measurements in the nineties at the same site, the [NH<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>] has stayed approximately constant and the deposition has decreased. Further research has to be done to better quantify these trends and to assess how the newly proposed external leaf pathway in DEPAC behaves in large scale transport models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 120976"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143308488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel method for detecting natural dust source regions using satellite and ground-based measurements","authors":"Jae-Hyeong Lee ,&nbsp;Sang-Hyun Lee ,&nbsp;Jeong Hoon Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.121024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.121024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel approach for identifying natural dust source regions, utilizing a combination of satellite and ground-based measurements. Unlike previous methods that relied solely on either satellite-derived land-cover characteristics or surface dust observations, this new method harmoniously integrates both. Its strength lies in accurately identifying natural dust source regions and their spatio-temporal variations by reflecting the satellite-based land-cover characteristics, ground vegetation, and snow-cover conditions obtained from natural dust source regions. Vegetation bareness index (B) and snow coverage index (S) were defined to represent the ground conditions, and their threshold values were determined by statistically combining satellite-derived data and ground dust detection records. A comparison of the new method against previous methods in identifying natural dust source regions in East Asia showed that the new method could accurately identify major dust source regions spanning the Tibetan Plateau, inner Mongolia, and the Horqin Desert in northeastern China, along with parts of Russia and Kazakhstan. In contrast, previous satellite-based methods either significantly underestimated the dust source regions, including only the Gobi and Taklimakan deserts, or overestimated by broadly covering the East Asian regions. The new method also proved superior in detecting monthly variation of the East Asian dust source regions due to short vegetation. The findings indicate that this new method effectively overcomes the limitations of previous methods, suggesting being beneficial in natural dust modeling through an accurate representation of natural dust source regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 121024"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143307759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating the origins of ultrafine particles in a major city using long-term datasets: Evidence of a new midday process","authors":"Hosna Movahhedinia ,&nbsp;Nathan Hilker ,&nbsp;Cheol-Heon Jeong ,&nbsp;Jonathan M. Wang ,&nbsp;Greg J. Evans","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.121006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.121006","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ultrafine particles (UFPs) are both directly emitted from human activities and produced through atmospheric processes. The origins of ultrafine particles were explored in an urban area by analyzing 6 to 520 nm particle size data collected from 2006 to 2021 near a busy roadway in downtown Toronto, Canada. Days were classified into five categories: Strong Nucleation, Midday Pollution, Traffic Pollution, Baseline, and Mixed. Strong Nucleation days, which comprised about 6% of the days, showed long nucleation events (¿ 3 hr) with an average particle number concentration of 3.1±0.1&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; #/&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;cm&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; around noon (10 am to 2 pm). Midday Pollution days also exhibited higher particle concentrations around noon with an average of 3.3±0.06&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; #/&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;cm&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. The higher number concentrations on these days appeared to arise from locally emitted UFP and be associated with enhanced production of UFP within vehicle exhaust plumes. The Traffic Pollution days showed morning traffic emissions, with no midday rise. The average total UFP concentration around the morning rush hour (6 am to 9 am) on these days was 2.1±0.2&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; #/&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;cm&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. About 27% of the days had lower particle number concentrations (daily average: 1.2±0.2&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; #/&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;cm&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) throughout the day. The number concentrations were lower on these “Baseline days” and the influence of traffic emissions was also lower but still observable in the diurnal pattern. Lastly, Mixed days were the days that showed higher than Baseline concentrations of UFP around the morning rush hour (2.0±0.06&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; #/&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;cm&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) or midday (2.3±0.1&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; #/&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;cm&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;); UFP on these days came from a mix of traffic pollution, nucleation event, or a midday process, with no one of these sources clearly dominant. These days could not be categorized into any of these categories with confidence. Analysis of the organic ","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 121006"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the potential gain in life expectancy by improving air quality for ambient ozone in eastern China","authors":"Jingjing Zhang ,&nbsp;Cheng Wang ,&nbsp;Yixiang Wang ,&nbsp;Minjin Peng ,&nbsp;Jiajun Shen ,&nbsp;Yalin Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuxi Tan ,&nbsp;Hao Zheng ,&nbsp;Yunquan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.121020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.121020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Short-term ambient ozone (O₃) exposure is widely linked to heightened mortality risk, while its effects on life expectancy remain largely unstudied. This multi-city time-series study aims to assess the potential gain in life expectancy (PGLE) from reduced O₃ concentrations in eastern China. Generalized additive model was applied to quantify city-specific effects of short-term O₃ exposure on years of life lost (YLL), and associations at the provincial level were pooled through random-effects meta-analysis. By assuming that daily O₃ level met the World Health Organization air quality guideline 2021 (WHO AQG 2021) and interim target 2 (IT-2), we estimated PGLE and attributable fraction (AF) of YLL on the basis of counterfactual analysis. Approximately 1.9 million nonaccidental deaths were included in the analysis. We observed a pooled estimate of 0.44% (95% confidence interval: 0.36%, 0.52%) in excess risk and 0.56 (0.39, 0.72) years increase in YLL (per million population) for each 10-μg/m³ rise in 2-day moving average O₃. By reducing daily O₃ concentrations to WHO IT-2 and WHO AQG 2021, we estimated that 0.13 million (AF = 0.56%) and 0.22 million (AF = 0.97%) years of YLL could be avoided per million population, equivalent to the PGLE of 0.054 (0.038, 0.070) years and 0.094 (0.066, 0.121) years for each death, respectively. This study provided province-wide evidence for prolonged population life expectancy by achieving cleaner air quality for ambient O₃ in eastern China, underscoring the great public health significance through implementing more stringent standards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 121020"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143308480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial and temporal distribution, species, and potential source analysis of atmospheric particulate mercury in the Yellow and Bohai seas","authors":"Bing Mo ,&nbsp;Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Xixi Chong ,&nbsp;Ruhai Liu ,&nbsp;Wen Zheng ,&nbsp;Xuyuan Zhou ,&nbsp;Dongting Li ,&nbsp;Xue Ding ,&nbsp;Xianxiang Luo ,&nbsp;Fengmin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.121019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.121019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The distribution characteristics of total particulate mercury (TPM), as well as the species of mercury in particulate matter in the winter and summer in the Yellow and Bohai Seas (YBS), were not well understood. Total suspended particulate matter (TSP) samples were collected to determine the concentration level, species characteristics, and potential sources of TPM in the YBS. The annual average TPM concentration in the YBS was 40.4 ± 30.1 pg/m³, and the seasonal variation of TPM followed the order of spring (63.3 ± 26.8 pg/m³), winter (49.6 ± 21.8 pg/m³) and summer (12.7 ± 11.3 pg/m³). The average TPM concentration of the Bohai Sea and the North Yellow Sea (NYS) was higher than that in the South Yellow Sea (SYS). The average concentrations of volatile particulate mercury (VPM) and reactive particulate mercury (RPM) were 0.07 pg/m³ and 0.40 pg/m³, respectively. RPM/TPM exhibited the highest levels in the SYS during the winter and summer seasons. Polluted air masses from northern China in winter, southern China (such as Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions) in spring, eastern coastal provinces of China, and parts of Japan and South Korea in summer were identified as significant sources of TPM in the YBS. Coal combustion accounted for 77.4% of the total TPM emissions, which was the main source of TPM in the YBS. Secondary aerosol played an important role in the transformation of particulate mercury species. The total annual dry deposition of TPM in the YBS was estimated to be 11.6 t/yr, highlighting the significant role of dry deposition as a source of mercury in the YBS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 121019"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling PM2.5 sources: Double and tracer conjugate PMF approaches for high-resolution organic, BC, and inorganic PM2.5 data","authors":"Mohd Faisal ,&nbsp;Umer Ali ,&nbsp;Ajit Kumar ,&nbsp;Mayank Kumar ,&nbsp;Vikram Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.121011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.121011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A number of recent source apportionment studies have explored high-time resolution organic particulate matter, elemental particulate matter (PM), and Black Carbon (BC) datasets and attributed them independently to specific sources. However, proper unmixing of the actual sources operational on the ground most of the time cannot be achieved based on such an independent source apportionment approach, especially owing to the presence of secondary aerosol factors. Therefore, a combined analysis of all major PM_2.5 species is needed to better recognize the actual physical sources. Accordingly, in this study, using a combined dataset consisting of non-refractory PM_2.5 organic factors/major <em>m/z</em> signals from organics, elements, and BC, we evaluated two disparate factor analytic methodologies – namely, double-PMF (D-PMF) and Tracer-conjugate PMF (TC-PMF), to apportion PM_2.5 sources in Delhi winter (from December 15, 2020 to February 28, 2021) through real-time instrumentation (ACSM, Xact, and Aethalometer(AXA)). During the study period, the average PM_2.5 concentration was 182 μg/m³ (C-PM_2.5 = sum of NR-PM_2.5 (Organics, NO₃⁻, SO₄⁻², NH₄⁺), BC, and elements). For D-PMF, organic aerosols (OA) were initially deconvolved with positive matrix factorization (PMF) into hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), biomass burning OA (BBOA), low volatile oxidized OA (LVOOA 1 and 2) and semi-volatile oxidized organic aerosols (SVOOA) before being coupled with elemental species and BC for a second PMF. The TC-PMF combined the major <em>m/z</em> signals from organics with the elemental species and BC. Both D-PMF and TC-PMF identified biomass burning, industrial, waste incineration, dust-related, traffic, secondary chloride, Pb-rich, power plant, and LVOOA dominated as the sources. Both solutions (D-PMF, TC-PMF) were found to be dominated by biomass burning (33.3% and 26.5%), followed by the power plant (27.4% and 18.4%) and the LVOOA dominant (14.2% and 18.6%) factors. The D-PMF and TC-PMF improved the interpretation of organic factor sources, such as apportioning considerable contributions of LVOOA2 (85%) to the power plant factor, which is often linked with regionally carried aged OA in the Organics PMF (O-PMF). Lastly, the D-PMF results significantly agreed with TC-PMF, indicating that either of the two techniques could be used to unmix the complex variety of PM_2.5 sources in the Delhi-NCR (National Capital Region) region and, arguably, the larger Indo-Gangetic Plains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 121011"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of synoptic circulation patterns influencing winter/spring PM2.5 concentrations in South Korea","authors":"Jung-Eun Esther Kim ,&nbsp;Changhyun Yoo","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.121016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.121016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study comprehensively analyzes the spatiotemporal distribution of the meteorological variables and large-scale atmospheric patterns that produce high concentrations of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters below 2.5 μm (PM_2.5) in South Korea. Through self-organizing map (SOM) analysis of upper-level geopotential height fields and aerosol optical depth (AOD), the recurring coupled patterns of the large-scale circulation and the AOD are classified into three clusters associated with high pollution episodes that frequently occur in spring and winter. In addition, the long-range transport is investigated for each SOM type using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model, which provides a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing PM_2.5 levels. An analysis of frequency shows an increasing trend in one of the three spring patterns. Results from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 indicate a continued increase in frequency for the aforementioned pattern with rising surface temperatures. Our findings underscore the importance of understanding synoptic-scale effects on PM_2.5 variability to inform mitigation strategies in the context of climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 121016"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating air pollution and BTEX exposure effects on DNA damage: A human biomonitoring study in Zagreb, Croatia","authors":"Katarina Matković ,&nbsp;Andreja Jurič ,&nbsp;Ivana Jakovljević ,&nbsp;Luka Kazensky ,&nbsp;Mirta Milić ,&nbsp;Vilena Kašuba ,&nbsp;Silvije Davila ,&nbsp;Gordana Pehnec ,&nbsp;Irena Brčić Karačonji ,&nbsp;Ante Cvitković ,&nbsp;Pascal Wild ,&nbsp;Irina Guseva Canu ,&nbsp;Nancy B. Hopf ,&nbsp;Goran Gajski ,&nbsp;Marko Gerić","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.121004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.121004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Air pollution, a major global issue, comprises various solid and gaseous pollutants in urban environments, including particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and isomeric xylenes (BTEX) constitute about 80% of VOC emissions, primarily from vehicle exhaust, tobacco smoke, petrol, paints, adhesives, and solvents, posing significant health risks including carcinogenic effects. Here we explore the impact of exposure to various measured air pollutants (NO₂, O₃, PM₁₀, PM_2.5, PAHs, and BTEX) on DNA damage among residents (N = 60) of Zagreb, Croatia during the colder part of the year due to anticipated higher pollutant levels. This was done by evaluating primary DNA damage using the comet assay and associating it to measured air pollutants and to blood values of BTEX as a biomarker of exposure. Measured DNA damage was also associated with additional lifestyle factors and sociodemographic data. Statistically significant positive correlations between % tail DNA and air pollutants were observed only for daily average for pyrene, measured one day prior to blood sampling. Passive smokers showed significantly higher DNA damage levels compared to non-smokers. The study emphasizes the importance of evaluating cumulative environmental exposures and their health effects, consistent with the exposome concept. Despite improvements in air quality across Europe, urban pollution levels remain hazardous, necessitating robust public health interventions to mitigate long-term health risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 121004"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}