Atmospheric Environment最新文献_第5页

Regional-scale air pollution source identification using backward particle dynamics

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2025-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121044

Mariia Filippova , Oleg Bakhteev , Fedor Meshchaninov , Evgeny Burnaev , Vladimir Vanovskiy

Air pollution is one of the most harmful consequences of industrialization because of its strong influence on both human health quality and climate in general. Often there appears a need to identify one single strong source of air pollution appearing as a result of an accident. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for a single pollution source localization. The proposed algorithm uses the source–receptor matrix concept and assumption about the linearity of pollution transport that allows us to use the pollution spread simulations backward in time. In particular realization, we make use of the weather regional forecast model WRF for airflow simulation and of Lagrangian particle dispersion simulation software FLEXPART-WRF for pollution advection simulation both forward and backward in time. As a result, our algorithm produces the semi-empirical heatmap of possible pollution source locations with marked point of the biggest probability and estimative emission intensity at this point as a function of time. The algorithm is tested on several semi-synthetic and practical cases and compared with other solutions in this field. The mean distance between the predicted and the real sources is around 7 km for the Moscow dataset with 1096 experiments and 45 km region size and around 3 km for the Regional dataset with 803 experiments and 30 km region size. We also conduct an experiment on European Tracer Experiment-1 and get a strong performance on it: distance between the real and the predicted sources is around 6 km, which is comparable or superior to other approaches.

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引用次数: 0

Redox potential and cytotoxicity of N-heterocyclic aromatic SOA from indole oxidation in the atmosphere

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121049

Chunlin Li , Dongmei Cai , Michal Pardo , Hongwei Pang , Zheng Fang , Jianmin Chen , Ke Hao , Yinon Rudich

Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic aromatic compounds (NHACs) significantly contribute to urban air pollution but remain understudied. This study investigates the formation and transformation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from prototypical NHACs, indole, under various day- and night-time atmospheric processes. We examined the relationship between the evolving redox potential and cytotoxicity of indole-derived SOA (Indole-SOA) and its chemical alternations. Results show that Indole-SOA exhibits high oxidative potential (OP^DTT of 88–268 pmol min⁻¹ μg⁻¹) and antioxidant capacity (AOC of 0.41–0.83 nmol trolox μg⁻¹), exceeding most biogenic and anthropogenic organic aerosols. Indole-SOA induces significant cytotoxicity in lung epithelial cells, characterized by oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and CYP1A1-driven detoxification pathways. The strongly correlated OP^DTT and cytotoxicity of Indole-SOA are influenced by atmospheric agings and are closely related to particulate-phase products of aromatic carbonyl and reduced-nitrogen compounds. Nighttime chemistry involving O₃ and NO₃• produces Indole-SOA with lower yields but higher redox potential and cytotoxicity. Furthermore, Indole-SOA mixing with ambient PM_2.5 shows a positive redox interaction, with the synergistic effect on OP^DTT determined by Indole-SOA type and proportion. Molecular markers of Indole-SOA can be identified in Shanghai urban PM_2.5, indicating potential health risks from indole and its derivatives in Chinese megacities.

{"title":"Redox potential and cytotoxicity of N-heterocyclic aromatic SOA from indole oxidation in the atmosphere","authors":"Chunlin Li , Dongmei Cai , Michal Pardo , Hongwei Pang , Zheng Fang , Jianmin Chen , Ke Hao , Yinon Rudich","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic aromatic compounds (NHACs) significantly contribute to urban air pollution but remain understudied. This study investigates the formation and transformation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from prototypical NHACs, indole, under various day- and night-time atmospheric processes. We examined the relationship between the evolving redox potential and cytotoxicity of indole-derived SOA (Indole-SOA) and its chemical alternations. Results show that Indole-SOA exhibits high oxidative potential (OP<sup>DTT</sup> of 88–268 pmol min<sup>−1</sup> μg<sup>−1</sup>) and antioxidant capacity (AOC of 0.41–0.83 nmol trolox μg<sup>−1</sup>), exceeding most biogenic and anthropogenic organic aerosols. Indole-SOA induces significant cytotoxicity in lung epithelial cells, characterized by oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and CYP1A1-driven detoxification pathways. The strongly correlated OP<sup>DTT</sup> and cytotoxicity of Indole-SOA are influenced by atmospheric agings and are closely related to particulate-phase products of aromatic carbonyl and reduced-nitrogen compounds. Nighttime chemistry involving O<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>3</sub>• produces Indole-SOA with lower yields but higher redox potential and cytotoxicity. Furthermore, Indole-SOA mixing with ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> shows a positive redox interaction, with the synergistic effect on OP<sup>DTT</sup> determined by Indole-SOA type and proportion. Molecular markers of Indole-SOA can be identified in Shanghai urban PM<sub>2.5</sub>, indicating potential health risks from indole and its derivatives in Chinese megacities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 121049"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143308525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of ship emitted sulfur and carbonaceous aerosols on East Asian climate in summer

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121035

Bingliang Zhuang , Yinan Zhou , Yaxin Hu , Shanrong Liang , Peng Gao , Yiman Gao , Huimin Chen , Shu Li , Tijian Wang , Min Xie , Mengmeng Li

Ship emissions may have significant influences on regional climates with growing trade around the world. Therefore, an updated regional climate model with comprehensive cloud microphysics schemes is employed to investigate the effects of shipping sulfate and primary carbonaceous aerosols on the East Asian summer climate. Investigations indicate that ship emissions have substantial influences on air quality, the radiative energy budget and regional climate change in East Asia in summer. They would directly result in an increment in aerosol surface concentration by at least 10% around the coasts and optical depth by 0.03 over East Asia, which considerably increases the cloud droplet numbers along ship lanes. Subsequently, a very negative instantaneous radiative forcing (>1.5 W/m²) at the surface is exerted, and then the dipoles of anti-cyclone and convergence anomalies might occur from the Bay of Bengal to northeast Asia due to shipping aerosols. These thermal-dynamic responses could further affect cloud formation, hence inducing heterogeneous and nonlocal responses of radiation, air temperature and precipitation. Both cloud optical depth and fraction are likely increased in southwestern to northern China but decreased in parts of southern China and northeastern Asia through shipping aerosols interacting with radiation and clouds. As a result, surface cooling and wetting (warming and drying) are found in the region with positive (negative) cloud change. The absorption of shipping BC to solar radiation could yield a substantial warming tendency, which might have significant contributions to the climate responses in central to northern China.

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引用次数: 0

Short-term exposure to warm-season ozone, cardiovascular mortality, and novel high-risk populations: A nationwide time-stratified case-crossover study

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121031

Seoyeong Ahn , Hyewon Yun , Jieun Oh , Sooyoung Kim , Hyemin Jang , Yejin Kim , Cinoo Kang , Sojin Ahn , Ayoung Kim , Dohoon Kwon , Jinah Park , Insung Song , Jeongmin Moon , Ejin Kim , Jieun Min , Ho Kim , Whanhee Lee

A considerable number of previous studies have limitations in evaluating the population-representative relationship between ozone and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk and revealing high-risk populations due to the limited data availability that could not cover unmonitored areas. To estimate the population-representative association between warm-season (Apr–Sep) ozone and CVD mortality and examine high-risk populations, this study conducted a nationwide case-crossover study in South Korea from 2015 to 2019. Stratified analyses and meta-regression were also performed for each cause of death and demographic characteristics to find high-risk populations. As an exposure, daily modeled warm-season ozone estimated by a machine learning-based ensemble model was used (R² > 0.92). In the total population, warm-season ozone was associated with an increased risk of total CVD death (OR: 1.010, 95% CI: 1.002–1.018), and mortality due to ischemic heart disease showed the highest OR (1.019, 1.003–1.035). The warm-season ozone-related CVD death risk was the highest in younger age groups (0–59 y) across all causes of CVD deaths, except for cerebrovascular disease death. The higher accessibility to hospital beds per 1000 was associated with a lower ozone risk of CVD mortality. The estimated excess CVD mortality fractions and years of life lost from mortality (YLL) attributable to warm-season ozone were 5.10% and 119,353.37 years. Our findings suggest that younger populations should be recognized as novel high-risk populations related to warm-season ozone and CVD mortality, and this study also provides potential benefits for constructing stricter ozone mitigation action plans.

{"title":"Short-term exposure to warm-season ozone, cardiovascular mortality, and novel high-risk populations: A nationwide time-stratified case-crossover study","authors":"Seoyeong Ahn , Hyewon Yun , Jieun Oh , Sooyoung Kim , Hyemin Jang , Yejin Kim , Cinoo Kang , Sojin Ahn , Ayoung Kim , Dohoon Kwon , Jinah Park , Insung Song , Jeongmin Moon , Ejin Kim , Jieun Min , Ho Kim , Whanhee Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A considerable number of previous studies have limitations in evaluating the population-representative relationship between ozone and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk and revealing high-risk populations due to the limited data availability that could not cover unmonitored areas. To estimate the population-representative association between warm-season (Apr–Sep) ozone and CVD mortality and examine high-risk populations, this study conducted a nationwide case-crossover study in South Korea from 2015 to 2019. Stratified analyses and meta-regression were also performed for each cause of death and demographic characteristics to find high-risk populations. As an exposure, daily modeled warm-season ozone estimated by a machine learning-based ensemble model was used (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.92). In the total population, warm-season ozone was associated with an increased risk of total CVD death (OR: 1.010, 95% CI: 1.002–1.018), and mortality due to ischemic heart disease showed the highest OR (1.019, 1.003–1.035). The warm-season ozone-related CVD death risk was the highest in younger age groups (0–59 y) across all causes of CVD deaths, except for cerebrovascular disease death. The higher accessibility to hospital beds per 1000 was associated with a lower ozone risk of CVD mortality. The estimated excess CVD mortality fractions and years of life lost from mortality (YLL) attributable to warm-season ozone were 5.10% and 119,353.37 years. Our findings suggest that younger populations should be recognized as novel high-risk populations related to warm-season ozone and CVD mortality, and this study also provides potential benefits for constructing stricter ozone mitigation action plans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 121031"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143277272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

O3–NOx–VOCs photochemical pollutant dispersion in 2D street canyon under effects of solar radiation

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121032

Jie Liang , Jian Hang , Shiguo Jia , Jiajia Hua , Bo Zhao , Xuelin Zhang , Hong Ling , Ziwei Mo

Solar radiation is a significant factor affecting the concentration and dispersion patterns of photochemical pollutants in urban environments. This impact is mediated through alterations in temperature and thermally-driven airflow patterns, but the full extent of these effects has not yet been quantified. To address this gap, ANSYS Fluent and APFoam were used to simulate the dispersion of photochemical pollutants in a 2D street canyon (aspect ratio = 1), incorporating the complex O₃-NO_x-VOCs chemical mechanism via the CS07 mechanism to accurately represent the chemical processes. The novelty lies in its comprehensive assessment of how solar radiation, emissions, and dynamic and chemical processes interact to affect photochemical pollution. It was found that under different radiation conditions, NO_x and O₃ concentrations exhibit distinct distribution patterns. Compared to the neutral condition, the decreased NO_x concentrations (23%) and increased O₃ concentrations (8.7%) are observed in the morning and at noon, whereas in the afternoon, NO_x concentrations rises (111%) and O₃ concentrations decreases (20%) in the canyon. At night, NO_x accumulates at the bottom of the windward side. Through sensitivity tests, we found that the primary pathway through which solar radiation affects the dispersion of photochemical pollutants is dynamic process. The pedestrian health risks of photochemical pollutants were evaluated that NO₂ health risks are more pronounced in the afternoon and at night, while O₃ risks are more severe in the morning and at noon. Overall, this study quantitatively demonstrates the significant impact of solar radiation on the photochemical pollutants and identifies the pathways of influence.

{"title":"O3–NOx–VOCs photochemical pollutant dispersion in 2D street canyon under effects of solar radiation","authors":"Jie Liang , Jian Hang , Shiguo Jia , Jiajia Hua , Bo Zhao , Xuelin Zhang , Hong Ling , Ziwei Mo","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar radiation is a significant factor affecting the concentration and dispersion patterns of photochemical pollutants in urban environments. This impact is mediated through alterations in temperature and thermally-driven airflow patterns, but the full extent of these effects has not yet been quantified. To address this gap, ANSYS Fluent and APFoam were used to simulate the dispersion of photochemical pollutants in a 2D street canyon (aspect ratio = 1), incorporating the complex O<sub>3</sub>-NO<sub>x</sub>-VOCs chemical mechanism via the CS07 mechanism to accurately represent the chemical processes. The novelty lies in its comprehensive assessment of how solar radiation, emissions, and dynamic and chemical processes interact to affect photochemical pollution. It was found that under different radiation conditions, NO<sub>x</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> concentrations exhibit distinct distribution patterns. Compared to the neutral condition, the decreased NO<sub>x</sub> concentrations (23%) and increased O<sub>3</sub> concentrations (8.7%) are observed in the morning and at noon, whereas in the afternoon, NO<sub>x</sub> concentrations rises (111%) and O<sub>3</sub> concentrations decreases (20%) in the canyon. At night, NO<sub>x</sub> accumulates at the bottom of the windward side. Through sensitivity tests, we found that the primary pathway through which solar radiation affects the dispersion of photochemical pollutants is dynamic process. The pedestrian health risks of photochemical pollutants were evaluated that NO<sub>2</sub> health risks are more pronounced in the afternoon and at night, while O<sub>3</sub> risks are more severe in the morning and at noon. Overall, this study quantitatively demonstrates the significant impact of solar radiation on the photochemical pollutants and identifies the pathways of influence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 121032"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143308527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the impact of climate change on summertime tropospheric ozone in the Eastern Mediterranean: Insights from meteorological and air quality modeling

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121036

Reza Rezaei , Gülen Güllü , Alper Ünal

This study evaluates the impact of climate change on tropospheric ozone (O₃) concentrations in the Eastern Mediterranean using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) models. Simulations were conducted for a historical period (2012) and a future projection (2053) under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. Anthropogenic emissions were sourced from the EMEP/EEA inventory, while biogenic emissions were calculated using the MEGAN model. Model performance evaluations yielded R² (RMSE) values of 0.71–0.85 (3.33–4.9) for WRF and 0.58 (8.35) for CMAQ, indicating reasonable predictive accuracy. Under SSP5-8.5 (SSP2-4.5), the WRF model projects an average summertime temperature increase of 1.6 °C (1.2 °C) and a significant decline in precipitation across the Eastern Mediterranean. Air quality simulations show a regional increase in summertime O₃ concentrations by 3.5 ppb (3.0 ppb) under SSP5-8.5 (SSP2-4.5), with the most pronounced increases occurring in the southeast. Conversely, a significant reduction in O₃ concentrations is observed over the Marmara Sea and parts of Istanbul in both scenarios. This reduction is attributed to climate-induced processes, including accelerated O₃ photolysis in moist conditions and enhanced O₃ consumption by NO_x in the NO_x-saturated regime of the Marmara Sea region. Additionally, analyses reveal a significant increase in O₃ levels in Istanbul under SSP5-8.5, while Bursa shows notable increases under both scenarios. These findings underscore the need for targeted emission control measures to mitigate future O₃ pollution in the region.

{"title":"Assessing the impact of climate change on summertime tropospheric ozone in the Eastern Mediterranean: Insights from meteorological and air quality modeling","authors":"Reza Rezaei , Gülen Güllü , Alper Ünal","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the impact of climate change on tropospheric ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) concentrations in the Eastern Mediterranean using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) models. Simulations were conducted for a historical period (2012) and a future projection (2053) under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. Anthropogenic emissions were sourced from the EMEP/EEA inventory, while biogenic emissions were calculated using the MEGAN model. Model performance evaluations yielded R<sup>2</sup> (RMSE) values of 0.71–0.85 (3.33–4.9) for WRF and 0.58 (8.35) for CMAQ, indicating reasonable predictive accuracy. Under SSP5-8.5 (SSP2-4.5), the WRF model projects an average summertime temperature increase of 1.6 °C (1.2 °C) and a significant decline in precipitation across the Eastern Mediterranean. Air quality simulations show a regional increase in summertime O<sub>3</sub> concentrations by 3.5 ppb (3.0 ppb) under SSP5-8.5 (SSP2-4.5), with the most pronounced increases occurring in the southeast. Conversely, a significant reduction in O<sub>3</sub> concentrations is observed over the Marmara Sea and parts of Istanbul in both scenarios. This reduction is attributed to climate-induced processes, including accelerated O<sub>3</sub> photolysis in moist conditions and enhanced O<sub>3</sub> consumption by NO<sub>x</sub> in the NO<sub>x</sub>-saturated regime of the Marmara Sea region. Additionally, analyses reveal a significant increase in O<sub>3</sub> levels in Istanbul under SSP5-8.5, while Bursa shows notable increases under both scenarios. These findings underscore the need for targeted emission control measures to mitigate future O<sub>3</sub> pollution in the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 121036"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143308485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantitative impacts of VOC sources on atmospheric oxidation capacity and O3 formation from a megacity in China

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121033

Sen Yao , Fengjuan Fan , Hongyuan Jia , Shushen Yang , Junmei Zhang , Hanyu Zhang , Wenjiao Duan

Ozone (O₃) pollution has emerged as a significant environmental concern in recent years, particularly exacerbated by enhanced atmospheric oxidation during summer. While significant progress has been made in understanding the role of precursors in O₃ formation, studies focusing on the contributions of volatile organic compound (VOC) sources to O₃ formation mechanisms remain limited. This study integrated a photochemical box model incorporating the Master Chemical Mechanism (AtChem2-MCM) with Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) to investigate VOC sources influences on O₃ photochemistry in Zhengzhou, a megacity in China. The sensitivities of the O₃-NOx-VOC sources were evaluated using the relative incremental reactivity (RIR), and priority sources for control were determined based on RIR, ozone formation potential (OFP), relative contribution (CTRB), and OH loss rate (L^OH). Results showed that the reaction HO₂ + NO (68.77%) dominated O₃ production, whereas OH + NO₂ (83.42%) was the primary pathway for O₃ loss. The atmospheric oxidation capacity (AOC) increased from 3.72 × 10⁷ molecules cm⁻³ s⁻¹ on non-O₃ pollution days to 5.69 × 10⁷ molecules cm⁻³ s⁻¹ on O₃ pollution days, with corresponding O₃ production and loss rates rising by 9.02 ppbv h⁻¹ and 0.54 ppbv h⁻¹, respectively. The RIR of mixed combustion sources (MC) was the highest among anthropogenic sources, and emergency prevention and control of O₃ should first reduce MC. Meanwhile, vehicular emissions (VE) accounted for the largest proportion of OFP, L^OH and CTRB, suggesting VE should be a long-term focus for O₃ mitigation efforts. Biogenic emissions (BE) also contributed significantly to O₃ formation and warranted attention. This integrated approach provides a robust theoretical framework for analyzing localized O₃ pollution and developing targeted mitigation strategies.

{"title":"Quantitative impacts of VOC sources on atmospheric oxidation capacity and O3 formation from a megacity in China","authors":"Sen Yao , Fengjuan Fan , Hongyuan Jia , Shushen Yang , Junmei Zhang , Hanyu Zhang , Wenjiao Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) pollution has emerged as a significant environmental concern in recent years, particularly exacerbated by enhanced atmospheric oxidation during summer. While significant progress has been made in understanding the role of precursors in O<sub>3</sub> formation, studies focusing on the contributions of volatile organic compound (VOC) sources to O<sub>3</sub> formation mechanisms remain limited. This study integrated a photochemical box model incorporating the Master Chemical Mechanism (AtChem2-MCM) with Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) to investigate VOC sources influences on O<sub>3</sub> photochemistry in Zhengzhou, a megacity in China. The sensitivities of the O<sub>3</sub>-NOx-VOC sources were evaluated using the relative incremental reactivity (RIR), and priority sources for control were determined based on RIR, ozone formation potential (OFP), relative contribution (CTRB), and OH loss rate (L<sup>OH</sup>). Results showed that the reaction HO<sub>2</sub> + NO (68.77%) dominated O<sub>3</sub> production, whereas OH + NO<sub>2</sub> (83.42%) was the primary pathway for O<sub>3</sub> loss. The atmospheric oxidation capacity (AOC) increased from 3.72 × 10<sup>7</sup> molecules cm<sup>−3</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> on non-O<sub>3</sub> pollution days to 5.69 × 10<sup>7</sup> molecules cm<sup>−3</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> on O<sub>3</sub> pollution days, with corresponding O<sub>3</sub> production and loss rates rising by 9.02 ppbv h<sup>−1</sup> and 0.54 ppbv h<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The RIR of mixed combustion sources (MC) was the highest among anthropogenic sources, and emergency prevention and control of O<sub>3</sub> should first reduce MC. Meanwhile, vehicular emissions (VE) accounted for the largest proportion of OFP, L<sup>OH</sup> and CTRB, suggesting VE should be a long-term focus for O<sub>3</sub> mitigation efforts. Biogenic emissions (BE) also contributed significantly to O<sub>3</sub> formation and warranted attention. This integrated approach provides a robust theoretical framework for analyzing localized O<sub>3</sub> pollution and developing targeted mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 121033"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143308486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Direct measurement techniques for atmospheric aerosol: Physical properties review

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121034

Yurong Zhang, Yong Han

Atmospheric aerosols consist of a mixture of solid and liquid particles of complex size, phase, and chemical composition. The investigation of its physical properties holds significant scientific significance for in-depth understanding the intricate dynamics of aerosols, assessing radiation balance and climate change. So, what are the measurement techniques of the physical properties of aerosols? It is undoubtedly meaningful for us to further study the relevant scientific problems of aerosols. This review focuses on the direct measurement techniques of aerosols physical properties in recent 20 years. Here, aerosol physical properties include the particle size, shape, concentration, density, hygroscopicity and liquid water content, etc. The merits, demerits and limitations of each technique in both laboratory and field applications are summarized. Additionally, we also discuss the future research challenges regarding technological improvement and instrument development. Enhancing the accuracy of existing techniques and developing innovative ones is proposed, with the aim of realizing simultaneous multi-parameter measurements wherever possible and expanding the range of measurable aerosols dimensions. These direct measurement techniques facilitate exploration of the microphysical properties of aerosols, aiding in guiding the development direction and application of detection instruments.

{"title":"Direct measurement techniques for atmospheric aerosol: Physical properties review","authors":"Yurong Zhang, Yong Han","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atmospheric aerosols consist of a mixture of solid and liquid particles of complex size, phase, and chemical composition. The investigation of its physical properties holds significant scientific significance for in-depth understanding the intricate dynamics of aerosols, assessing radiation balance and climate change. So, what are the measurement techniques of the physical properties of aerosols? It is undoubtedly meaningful for us to further study the relevant scientific problems of aerosols. This review focuses on the direct measurement techniques of aerosols physical properties in recent 20 years. Here, aerosol physical properties include the particle size, shape, concentration, density, hygroscopicity and liquid water content, etc. The merits, demerits and limitations of each technique in both laboratory and field applications are summarized. Additionally, we also discuss the future research challenges regarding technological improvement and instrument development. Enhancing the accuracy of existing techniques and developing innovative ones is proposed, with the aim of realizing simultaneous multi-parameter measurements wherever possible and expanding the range of measurable aerosols dimensions. These direct measurement techniques facilitate exploration of the microphysical properties of aerosols, aiding in guiding the development direction and application of detection instruments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 121034"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143307702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the ecological risk of surface ozone and its impact on crop yields in China throughout the entire year of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121030

Hui Zhao , Jinghan Wang , Yu Pan , Qi Guan , Mingjie kang , Ting Li

In 2020, the outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) spread across China and the globe. In response to this severe challenge, China swiftly enforced a series of rigorous lockdown measures, significantly improving air quality. However, O₃ levels increased, and their potential impact on ecosystems remains unclear. Therefore, this research systematically assessed the ecological risks from O₃ during the warm season of 2020 across China and further quantified its effect on the yields of major crops. The findings revealed that during the warm season of 2020, the values of the five ecological risk indicators across China were 42.1 ± 0.5 ppb for M12, 43.0 ± 0.5 ppb for M7, 32.5 ± 1.3 ppm h for SUM06, 22.1 ± 0.7 ppm h for AOT40, and 27.2 ± 1.0 ppm h for W126. The highest risks were observed in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, followed by the Yangtze River Delta and Central China. During the main crop growing seasons, the national average AOT40 values were 9.3 ± 0.3 ppm h for winter wheat, 11.6 ± 0.6 ppm h for spring wheat, 10.2 ± 0.4 ppm h for single rice, 5.8 ± 0.4 ppm h for double-early rice, and 7.9 ± 0.4 ppm h for double-late rice. The projected ranges of O₃-induced national relative yield losses for wheat and rice were 20.4–32.9% and 3.1–9.7%, respectively. Correspondingly, the total national yield losses were 6.61 × 10⁷ metric tons and 1.37 × 10⁷ metric tons, respectively. Our findings reveal that O₃ posed significant harmful risks to ecosystems during the COVID-19 pandemic. These results not only highlight the threat of O₃ to agricultural production but also offer a scientific foundation to develop enhanced policies for controlling air pollution effectively.

{"title":"Assessing the ecological risk of surface ozone and its impact on crop yields in China throughout the entire year of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020","authors":"Hui Zhao , Jinghan Wang , Yu Pan , Qi Guan , Mingjie kang , Ting Li","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In 2020, the outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) spread across China and the globe. In response to this severe challenge, China swiftly enforced a series of rigorous lockdown measures, significantly improving air quality. However, O<sub>3</sub> levels increased, and their potential impact on ecosystems remains unclear. Therefore, this research systematically assessed the ecological risks from O<sub>3</sub> during the warm season of 2020 across China and further quantified its effect on the yields of major crops. The findings revealed that during the warm season of 2020, the values of the five ecological risk indicators across China were 42.1 ± 0.5 ppb for M12, 43.0 ± 0.5 ppb for M7, 32.5 ± 1.3 ppm h for SUM06, 22.1 ± 0.7 ppm h for AOT40, and 27.2 ± 1.0 ppm h for W126. The highest risks were observed in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, followed by the Yangtze River Delta and Central China. During the main crop growing seasons, the national average AOT40 values were 9.3 ± 0.3 ppm h for winter wheat, 11.6 ± 0.6 ppm h for spring wheat, 10.2 ± 0.4 ppm h for single rice, 5.8 ± 0.4 ppm h for double-early rice, and 7.9 ± 0.4 ppm h for double-late rice. The projected ranges of O<sub>3</sub>-induced national relative yield losses for wheat and rice were 20.4–32.9% and 3.1–9.7%, respectively. Correspondingly, the total national yield losses were 6.61 × 10<sup>7</sup> metric tons and 1.37 × 10<sup>7</sup> metric tons, respectively. Our findings reveal that O<sub>3</sub> posed significant harmful risks to ecosystems during the COVID-19 pandemic. These results not only highlight the threat of O<sub>3</sub> to agricultural production but also offer a scientific foundation to develop enhanced policies for controlling air pollution effectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 121030"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143308664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Estimation of regional PM2.5 concentration in China based on fine-mode aerosol optical thickness (AODf) and study of influencing factors

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment

Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121026

Cheng Wan , Haifeng Xu , Wenhui Luo , Jinji Ma , Zhengqiang Li

In recent years, rapid industrialization and urbanization in China have resulted in severe air pollution, with fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) being a major issue. PM_2.5 estimation typically relies on aerosol optical depth (AOD) data, while PM_2.5 is primarily composed of fine-mode aerosols, better represented by fine-mode aerosol optical depth (AODf). This study constructed PM_2.5 estimation models using both AODf and AOD data to obtain long-term PM_2.5 concentration datasets for China. SHAP and biased dependence algorithms were applied to analyze influencing factors and interactions, along with regional differences in PM_2.5 estimation based on multimodal AOD. The results indicate that AODf-based PM_2.5 estimation slightly improves accuracy compared to AOD. PM_2.5 concentrations showed an increasing trend from 2001 to 2013, peaking during this period, followed by a decline after 2013. Seasonally, the highest concentration was observed in winter (64.49 ± 19.8 μg/m³), followed by spring and autumn, with the lowest in summer (33.07 ± 8.8 μg/m³). The main influencing factors include AODf (26.97%), relative humidity (14.33%), 2m temperature (10.75%), and total evaporation (9.93%). Regional differences are evident: in the west, coarse-mode aerosols dominate, limiting the accuracy of AODf-based estimation, while in the east, fine-mode aerosols play a larger role. Furthermore, the continued decline in PM_2.5 is attributed to the decreasing proportion of fine-mode aerosols. This study is of great significance for a comprehensive understanding of the changing pattern of PM_2.5 and the formulation of air pollution control policies according to local conditions.

{"title":"Estimation of regional PM2.5 concentration in China based on fine-mode aerosol optical thickness (AODf) and study of influencing factors","authors":"Cheng Wan , Haifeng Xu , Wenhui Luo , Jinji Ma , Zhengqiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, rapid industrialization and urbanization in China have resulted in severe air pollution, with fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) being a major issue. PM<sub>2.5</sub> estimation typically relies on aerosol optical depth (AOD) data, while PM<sub>2.5</sub> is primarily composed of fine-mode aerosols, better represented by fine-mode aerosol optical depth (AODf). This study constructed PM<sub>2.5</sub> estimation models using both AODf and AOD data to obtain long-term PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration datasets for China. SHAP and biased dependence algorithms were applied to analyze influencing factors and interactions, along with regional differences in PM<sub>2.5</sub> estimation based on multimodal AOD. The results indicate that AODf-based PM<sub>2.5</sub> estimation slightly improves accuracy compared to AOD. PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations showed an increasing trend from 2001 to 2013, peaking during this period, followed by a decline after 2013. Seasonally, the highest concentration was observed in winter (64.49 ± 19.8 μg/m³), followed by spring and autumn, with the lowest in summer (33.07 ± 8.8 μg/m³). The main influencing factors include AODf (26.97%), relative humidity (14.33%), 2m temperature (10.75%), and total evaporation (9.93%). Regional differences are evident: in the west, coarse-mode aerosols dominate, limiting the accuracy of AODf-based estimation, while in the east, fine-mode aerosols play a larger role. Furthermore, the continued decline in PM<sub>2.5</sub> is attributed to the decreasing proportion of fine-mode aerosols. This study is of great significance for a comprehensive understanding of the changing pattern of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and the formulation of air pollution control policies according to local conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 121026"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143307701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0