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Lived experiences of coloniality in third space 在第三空间的殖民生活经验
Pub Date : 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.1075/lcs.00038.tav
B. Tavares, Aleida Vieira
This paper discusses the interactions of the so-called lusophone migrants in ‘third space’ (Bhabha, 1994) i.e., outside the Portuguese geographical colonial matrix. Part of a larger project interested in studying whether new solidarities or old hierarchies replay when all lusophones meet and struggle in a new context, the paper examines traces of what Mignolo (2005) has termed of ‘coloniality of being’ i.e., everyday remnants of colonial modes and hierarchies. It draws from postcolonial theory and sociolinguistic ethnography to examine how coloniality perdures in intersubjective relations among lusophones, by exploring the narrative of two Cape Verdean retirees who (re)migrated to Luxembourg in 1971 and 1981. The paper uses narrative analysis to examine how they report coloniality in lusophone interactions being challenged or perpetuated at workplaces and social encounters, via stereotyping jokes, naming, and language use. It fosters a critical understanding of lusophone subjects’ interactions, marked by language and their colonial history, beyond Portuguese-speaking states.
本文讨论了所谓的葡语移民在“第三空间”(Bhabha, 1994)中的相互作用,即在葡萄牙地理殖民矩阵之外。作为一个更大的项目的一部分,当所有的葡萄牙语者在一个新的背景下相遇和斗争时,新的团结或旧的等级制度是否会重演,本文研究了Mignolo(2005)所称的“存在的殖民性”的痕迹,即殖民模式和等级制度的日常残余。它借鉴了后殖民理论和社会语言学民族志,通过探索1971年和1981年移居卢森堡的两名佛得角退休人员的叙述,研究了殖民主义在葡语使用者之间的主体间关系中是如何持续的。本文使用叙事分析来研究他们如何通过刻板印象的笑话、命名和语言使用来报告在工作场所和社会交往中葡语互动中的殖民主义受到挑战或延续。它培养了对葡语主体的互动的批判性理解,以语言和他们的殖民历史为标志,超越葡语国家。
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引用次数: 0
Boundaries of belonging 归属的界限
Pub Date : 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.1075/lcs.21005.gan
Natalia Ganuza, Maria Rydell
Abstract This article uses contemporary Swedish fiction to explore sociolinguistic phenomena, and argues that literature constitutes an important arena for studying the (re)production and circulation of sociolinguistic experiences and ideas at a particular time and place. It builds on qualitative analysis of 65 Swedish books, published between 2000 and 2020, which depict protagonists with multilingual and migrant backgrounds. The study examines patterns of repetition in these works of fiction. It foregrounds recurring sociolinguistic experiences that are made relevant in the depiction of the fictional characters’ lives, and how they are emotionally interpreted. The analysis shows that the narrated experiences are often told and organized in similar ways and they tend to use the same social images of speakers to highlight processes of boundary-making and social differentiation. Language is used as an important part of the entextualization of these social experiences. For example, the authors often depict “the immigrant” and “the Swede” as binary opposites, which are linked to certain typical forms of speaking and being. By way of repetition, we argue, these recurring fictional experiences contribute to the formation of a grander narrative about language, belonging and social boundary-making in contemporary Sweden, and to the construction of Sweden as a society that is increasingly segregated and stratified.
摘要本文以当代瑞典小说为研究对象,探讨社会语言学现象,认为文学是研究特定时间和地点社会语言学经验和思想的(再)生产和流通的重要舞台。它建立在对2000年至2020年间出版的65本瑞典书籍的定性分析的基础上,这些书籍描绘了具有多种语言和移民背景的主人公。这项研究考察了这些小说作品中的重复模式。它强调了反复出现的社会语言学经验,这些经验与虚构人物的生活描述以及他们如何在情感上得到解释有关。分析表明,被叙述的经历往往以相似的方式被讲述和组织,他们倾向于使用相同的说话者的社会形象来突出边界的形成和社会分化的过程。语言是将这些社会经验外化的重要组成部分。例如,作者经常将“移民”和“瑞典人”描述为二元对立,这与某些典型的说话和存在形式有关。我们认为,通过重复的方式,这些反复出现的虚构经历有助于形成关于当代瑞典语言、归属感和社会边界形成的更宏大叙事,并有助于将瑞典建设为一个日益隔离和分层的社会。
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引用次数: 0
Boundaries of Belonging 归属的界限
Pub Date : 2023-04-25 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv2v9fg4s
Natalia Ganuza, Maria Rydell
This article uses contemporary Swedish fiction to explore sociolinguistic phenomena, and argues that literature constitutes an important arena for studying the (re)production and circulation of sociolinguistic experiences and ideas at a particular time and place. It builds on qualitative analysis of 65 Swedish books, published between 2000 and 2020, which depict protagonists with multilingual and migrant backgrounds. The study examines patterns of repetition in these works of fiction. It foregrounds recurring sociolinguistic experiences that are made relevant in the depiction of the fictional characters’ lives, and how they are emotionally interpreted. The analysis shows that the narrated experiences are often told and organized in similar ways and they tend to use the same social images of speakers to highlight processes of boundary-making and social differentiation. Language is used as an important part of the entextualization of these social experiences. For example, the authors often depict “the immigrant” and “the Swede” as binary opposites, which are linked to certain typical forms of speaking and being. By way of repetition, we argue, these recurring fictional experiences contribute to the formation of a grander narrative about language, belonging and social boundary-making in contemporary Sweden, and to the construction of Sweden as a society that is increasingly segregated and stratified.
本文以当代瑞典小说为例,探讨了社会语言学现象,并认为文学是研究特定时间和地点的社会语言学经验和思想的(再)生产和流通的重要舞台。它建立在对2000年至2020年间出版的65本瑞典书籍的定性分析的基础上,这些书籍描绘了具有多种语言和移民背景的主人公。这项研究考察了这些小说作品中的重复模式。它强调了反复出现的社会语言学经验,这些经验与虚构人物的生活描述以及他们如何在情感上得到解释有关。分析表明,被叙述的经历往往以相似的方式被讲述和组织,他们倾向于使用相同的说话者的社会形象来突出边界的形成和社会分化的过程。语言是将这些社会经验外化的重要组成部分。例如,作者经常将“移民”和“瑞典人”描述为二元对立,这与某些典型的说话和存在形式有关。我们认为,通过重复的方式,这些反复出现的虚构经历有助于形成关于当代瑞典语言、归属感和社会边界形成的更宏大叙事,并有助于将瑞典建设为一个日益隔离和分层的社会。
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引用次数: 0
Chronotopes of war and dread in pandemic times 流行病时期战争和恐惧的时钟
Pub Date : 2022-12-02 DOI: 10.1075/lcs.22009.per
S. Perrino
During the first months of 2020, our everyday life suddenly changed when the novel Coronavirus started to infect humans at a very fast rate, causing serious respiratory and other diseases, death, and fear of the unknown. Local friends and family members shared traumatic stories, images, and videoclips about death and dread in Northern Italy, where the first confirmed COVID-19 cases were discovered, just two months after the virus was first detected in Wuhan, China (Worobey, 2021). Inspired by Bakhtin’s (1981) notion of chronotope, by autoethnography and phenomenology, within a linguistic anthropological framework, this article examines how individuals have been embodying COVID-19 related uncertainties and fears in their everyday life. Through the analysis of (auto)ethnographic narratives, recontextualized images and videoclips, including the ones related to the 1918–1920 influenza pandemic, I show how regionalized chronotopes of war and more global chronotopes of dread have emerged and solidified across pandemic times.
在2020年的头几个月,当新型冠状病毒开始以非常快的速度感染人类,导致严重的呼吸道和其他疾病、死亡以及对未知的恐惧时,我们的日常生活突然发生了变化。在意大利北部,当地的朋友和家人分享了关于死亡和恐惧的创伤故事、图像和视频片段。在中国武汉首次发现COVID-19确诊病例仅仅两个月后,意大利北部就发现了首例COVID-19确诊病例(Worobey, 2021年)。受巴赫金(1981)时位概念的启发,在语言人类学框架内,通过自我民族志和现象学,本文研究了个人如何在日常生活中体现与COVID-19相关的不确定性和恐惧。通过对(自动)民族志叙事的分析,重新背景化的图像和视频片段,包括与1918-1920年流感大流行有关的视频片段,我展示了战争的区域化时标和更全球性的恐惧时标是如何在大流行时期出现和固化的。
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引用次数: 0
“This is China’s Wailing Wall” “这是中国的哭墙”
Pub Date : 2022-12-02 DOI: 10.1075/lcs.22002.pri
Sonya E. Pritzker, Tony Hu
Dr. Li Wenliang, an ophthalmologist at Wuhan Central Hospital, was accused of spreading rumors when he sent a WeChat message containing the diagnostic report of a suspicious pneumonia case to a group of friends. When he later died from COVID-19, his Weibo page quickly become known as “China’s Wailing Wall,” where hundreds of thousands of netizen shared replies to his final post in a mega-thread that continues into the present. Drawing upon a selection of posts from an archive of messages posted to Li’s Weibo in the year following his death, this article examines how participants used chronotopes (Bhaktin 1981) to situate Li vis-à-vis various culturally salient “figures of personhood” (Agha 2005; Park 2021), including “moral hero,” “kin figure,” and/or “deity.” Our analysis further suggests how such positioning, as a response to grief and uncertainty, “moved” authors into a position of distance from hegemonic national chronotopes situating people in a symbiotic relationship of mutual care with the Chinese state. Our analysis thus offers insight into the ways in which collective crises have the capacity to (but do not necessarily) motivate a complex discursive and relational process through which interlocutors enact scalar intimacy (Pritzker and Perrino 2020) as they grapple with shifts in their felt experience of nationhood and/or “culture.”
武汉市中心医院眼科医生李文亮因向一群朋友发送含有疑似肺炎病例诊断报告的微信而被控散布谣言。当他后来死于COVID-19时,他的微博页面很快被称为“中国的哭墙”,数十万网民在这里分享了他最后一条微博的回复,这个帖子一直持续到现在。本文选取了李去世后一年内在他的微博上发布的信息档案中的一些帖子,研究了参与者如何使用时间点(Bhaktin 1981)将李与-à-vis不同文化上突出的“人格人物”(Agha 2005;(Park 2021),包括“道德英雄”、“亲属形象”和/或“神”。我们的分析进一步表明,作为对悲伤和不确定性的回应,这种定位是如何将作者“移动”到一个远离霸权国家时间点的位置上的,这种时间点将人们置于与中国国家相互关心的共生关系中。因此,我们的分析提供了洞察集体危机有能力(但不一定)激发一个复杂的话语和关系过程的方式,通过这个过程,对话者在努力应对他们对国家和/或“文化”的感受经验的转变时,制定了标量亲密关系(Pritzker和Perrino 2020)。
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引用次数: 1
(Re)chronotopizing the pandemic (二)对大流行进行时间排序
Pub Date : 2022-11-29 DOI: 10.1075/lcs.22001.cat
Lydia Catedral
In this article I apply the notions of chronotope and (re)chronotopization to the case of grassroots, migrant domestic worker (MDW) led activism during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong. I compare the chronotopes that are produced by the Hong Kong government with those produced by migrant-led organizations to understand how migrants are marginalized and how they resist this marginalization. More specifically, I show how the spatiotemporal configurations of “home,” “days off,” and “the time of COVID-19 in Hong Kong” are rechronotopized – that is, reimagined, remoralized and rematerialized – through the discourses and actions of these grassroots organizations. I use this data and analysis to reflect on how the notion of rechronotopization can account for the social processes involved in activism more broadly; and to draw attention to the dialectic relationship between differently scaled chronotopic materialities and morally loaded chronotopic imaginaries.
在这篇文章中,我将时间点和(再)时间点化的概念应用于香港2019冠状病毒病大流行期间,由基层家庭佣工(MDW)领导的行动主义。我将香港政府制作的计时表与移民组织制作的计时表进行比较,以了解移民是如何被边缘化的,以及他们如何抵制这种边缘化。更具体地说,我通过这些草根组织的话语和行动,展示了“家”、“休息日”和“香港疫情时期”的时空配置如何被重新时间化,即重新想象、重新具体化和重新物质化。我利用这些数据和分析来反思,时间再topization的概念如何能够更广泛地解释行动主义所涉及的社会过程;并引起人们对不同尺度的时空物质性与承载道德的时空想象之间的辩证关系的关注。
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引用次数: 1
Memes from confinement 来自禁闭的模因
Pub Date : 2022-11-25 DOI: 10.1075/lcs.22003.div
David Divita
Memes have been described as textual forms of “(post)modern folklore” (Shifman, 2014: 5). Photos or short videos, they highlight current cultural phenomena, and they spread exponentially through person-to-person sharing on social media platforms. For this article, I created a corpus of memes that circulated in March 2020, during the first weeks after statewide lockdown orders were issued in the U.S. in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on Bakthin’s (1981) concept of the chronotope, I analyze a subset of these memes that specifically addressed the experience of time in confinement, illuminating two interrelated trends: the disruption of temporal order in the present and the projection of chronotopes of hindsight in which this present gets resolved as past. Through detailed textual analysis, I show that the memes reveal both a widespread sense of disorientation and a corollary impulse to mitigate it through the imagination of spatiotemporal realms. I argue that such chronotopic projections can serve as a response to temporary but profound uncertainty, caused in this case by the public health crisis in its initial stages.
模因被描述为“(后)现代民间传说”的文本形式(Shifman, 2014: 5)。照片或短视频,它们突出了当前的文化现象,并通过社交媒体平台上的人际分享呈指数级传播。为了写这篇文章,我创建了一个表情包语料库,这些表情包是在2020年3月,也就是美国为应对COVID-19大流行而发布全州封锁令的头几周内流传的。利用Bakthin(1981)的时位概念,我分析了这些模因的一个子集,这些模因专门针对禁闭中的时间体验,阐明了两个相互关联的趋势:现在时间秩序的破坏和后见之明的时位投影,在这种情况下,现在被解决为过去。通过详细的文本分析,我表明模因揭示了一种广泛的迷失感和一种通过对时空领域的想象来减轻这种迷失感的必然冲动。我认为,这种按时预测可以作为对暂时但深刻的不确定性的反应,在这种情况下,这种不确定性是由处于初期阶段的公共卫生危机造成的。
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引用次数: 0
Chronotopic resolution, embodied subjectivity, and collective learning 时间分异、具身主体性与集体学习
Pub Date : 2022-11-25 DOI: 10.1075/lcs.22005.kar
Farzad Karimzad, Lydia Catedral
In our contribution to this special issue on “Chronotopes & the COVID-19 Pandemic”, we discuss the complexities of human survival and its dependence on collective learning. We argue that collective learning – and thus survival – is a sociolinguistic phenomenon and lay out a fractal system in which the related sociolinguistic processes play out. This system highlights the chronotopic-scalar situatedness of survival and captures the material, textual, and imagined aspects of learning and meaning-making. Drawing on interactions among a small group of Iranian migrants dealing with the effects of COVID-19, we discuss the processes through which participants dynamically construct and update their chronotopic images of their new circumstances, as they interact with material and semiotic data coming from multiple scales/centers. We show how the normative-semiotic indeterminacies caused by COVID-19 are navigated by social actors as they make sense of their spatiotemporal surroundings in pursuit of material and ideological survival.
在本期“时钟与COVID-19大流行”特刊中,我们讨论了人类生存的复杂性及其对集体学习的依赖。我们认为,集体学习——因此生存——是一种社会语言学现象,并提出了一个分形系统,在这个分形系统中,相关的社会语言学过程发挥作用。这个系统突出了生存的时间尺度情境性,并捕捉了学习和意义创造的物质、文本和想象方面。我们以应对COVID-19影响的一小群伊朗移民之间的互动为例,讨论了参与者在与来自多个尺度/中心的材料和符号数据互动时,动态构建和更新新环境的时序图像的过程。我们展示了社会行为者在追求物质和意识形态生存的过程中,如何在COVID-19造成的规范-符号学不确定性中导航。
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引用次数: 2
Stance-taking towards chronotopes as a window into people’s reactions to societal crises 对计时器的立场是人们对社会危机反应的一个窗口
Pub Date : 2022-11-25 DOI: 10.1075/lcs.22006.def
A. De Fina
The focus of this article is the analysis of stance taking vis-à-vis a chronotope born during the Covid-19 pandemic as a window into how people react to global crises and into the kinds of values that get an uptake and become widely shared in periods of unrest. I focus on Twitter users’ reactions in relation to a “chronotope of the balcony performances” that developed in Italy during the national lockdown. I analyze the stances that participants express towards the chronotope itself and a variety of objects related to it, and the semiotic resources that they recruit to do so. I show how a general positive reaction to the chronotope is related to the balcony performances being seen as expressing solidarity. Data for the paper come from 110 top tweets resulting from a search based on the presence of chronotope-related words and 95 tweets responding to one of the original tweets.
本文的重点是分析人们对-à-vis的立场,这是一个在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间诞生的时表,作为一个窗口,可以了解人们如何应对全球危机,以及在动荡时期得到接受并广泛分享的各种价值观。我关注的是推特用户对意大利在全国封锁期间开发的“阳台表演计时表”的反应。我分析了参与者对计时器本身和与之相关的各种物体所表达的立场,以及他们为此所招募的符号学资源。我展示了人们对计时器的普遍积极反应是如何与阳台表演有关的,这些表演被视为表达团结。这篇论文的数据来自110条最热门的推文,这些推文是基于与时间顺序相关的单词的存在进行搜索而得出的,还有95条推文是对其中一条原始推文的回应。
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引用次数: 1
Chronotopes and the COVID-19 pandemic 时钟与COVID-19大流行
Pub Date : 2022-11-25 DOI: 10.1075/lcs.22019.def
Anna De Fina, S. Perrino
In this introduction we discuss the centrality of the management and perception of space-time coordinates during the Covid-19 crisis and highlight some of the main themes that contributors develop in their articles. In particular, we analyze how contributors’ elaborations of the notion of chronotope involve a discussion of fundamental issues such as the conceptualization of context, the relationships of chronotopes with ideologies, the configuration and interpretation of meanings at different levels, and their social circulation. In the second part of the introduction we discuss in what ways, by taking up a chronotopic lens, the contributors provide new insights into some of the social processes of meaning making and changes in social relations that have been emerging during the pandemic.
在这篇导言中,我们讨论了Covid-19危机期间时空坐标管理和感知的中心地位,并重点介绍了撰稿人在文章中提出的一些主题。特别地,我们分析了作者对时位概念的阐述如何涉及到一些基本问题的讨论,如语境的概念化、时位与意识形态的关系、不同层次意义的配置和解释,以及它们的社会循环。在引言的第二部分,我们将讨论作者以何种方式,通过采用时间变换的视角,对大流行期间出现的一些社会意义形成过程和社会关系变化提供新的见解。
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引用次数: 1
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