Evaluation of the heart in terms of its silhouette size and shape and the morphometry of other thoracic organs cannot be ignored diagnostically in small animal practice when history and or results of general examination of a patient reveal clinical signs of cardiothoracic diseases. However, there is a paucity of published work on the radiologic appraisal of cardiac and thoracic dimensions in the Nigerian indigenous dog. The research aimed to establish new reference indices for improved diagnosis of cardiothoracic pathologies in the Nigerian indigenous dog. A total of 120 thoracic radiographs of thirty healthy Nigerian indigenous dogs, comprising right lateral, left lateral, dorsoventral and ventrodorsal projections, were obtained and evaluated. Biometric parameters were taken of each research radiographs, recorded, and used to generate cardiothoracic measurement indices for the Nigerian indigenous dog. In the dorsoventral versus ventrodorsal projections, ratios established and described as means plus or minus standard errors of means were as follows: cardiac width/cardiac length ratio 0.75±0.01/0.73±0.01; cardiac length/thoracic diameter 0.64±0.01/0.70±0.01; and heart width/costocostal distance ratio 0.58±0.01/0.60±0.01, respectively. The mean results obtained in the right lateral versus left lateral radiographs were: postcava-to-long axis ratio 0.14±0.00/0.15±0.00; cardiac axes ratio 0.75±0.01/0.81±0.01; cavocardiac ratio 0.19±0.01/0.19±0.01; aorticocardiac ratio 0.22±0.0/0.21±0.00; short axis/sternovertebral distance 0.63±0.01/0.63±0.01; and aortic diameter/long axis ratio 0.17±0.00/0.17±0.00, respectively. The cardiac axes ratio and aorticocardiac ratio showed a positive and significant (p≤0.05) relationship with the cardiac short axis in the lateral projections. The indices established in this study are reproducible and easy to use, allowing objective thoracic assessment. All the results are efficient and generated in the present investigation, probably, for the first time in veterinary radiology. The clinical relevance of this research is related to the management of cardiothoracic anomalies.
{"title":"Radiomorphometric studies of the thorax in Nigerian indigenous dog: Novel thoracic measurements","authors":"R. Ukaha, R. Kene, K. Agwu","doi":"10.4314/sokjvs.v20i2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v20i2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation of the heart in terms of its silhouette size and shape and the morphometry of other thoracic organs cannot be ignored diagnostically in small animal practice when history and or results of general examination of a patient reveal clinical signs of cardiothoracic diseases. However, there is a paucity of published work on the radiologic appraisal of cardiac and thoracic dimensions in the Nigerian indigenous dog. The research aimed to establish new reference indices for improved diagnosis of cardiothoracic pathologies in the Nigerian indigenous dog. A total of 120 thoracic radiographs of thirty healthy Nigerian indigenous dogs, comprising right lateral, left lateral, dorsoventral and ventrodorsal projections, were obtained and evaluated. Biometric parameters were taken of each research radiographs, recorded, and used to generate cardiothoracic measurement indices for the Nigerian indigenous dog. In the dorsoventral versus ventrodorsal projections, ratios established and described as means plus or minus standard errors of means were as follows: cardiac width/cardiac length ratio 0.75±0.01/0.73±0.01; cardiac length/thoracic diameter 0.64±0.01/0.70±0.01; and heart width/costocostal distance ratio 0.58±0.01/0.60±0.01, respectively. The mean results obtained in the right lateral versus left lateral radiographs were: postcava-to-long axis ratio 0.14±0.00/0.15±0.00; cardiac axes ratio 0.75±0.01/0.81±0.01; cavocardiac ratio 0.19±0.01/0.19±0.01; aorticocardiac ratio 0.22±0.0/0.21±0.00; short axis/sternovertebral distance 0.63±0.01/0.63±0.01; and aortic diameter/long axis ratio 0.17±0.00/0.17±0.00, respectively. The cardiac axes ratio and aorticocardiac ratio showed a positive and significant (p≤0.05) relationship with the cardiac short axis in the lateral projections. The indices established in this study are reproducible and easy to use, allowing objective thoracic assessment. All the results are efficient and generated in the present investigation, probably, for the first time in veterinary radiology. The clinical relevance of this research is related to the management of cardiothoracic anomalies.","PeriodicalId":253894,"journal":{"name":"Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126890436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reproducible and easily applied methods of radiologic evaluation are needed in the day-to-day clinical practice for diagnosis and treatment (management) of tracheal disorders in animals. In the Nigerian Indigenous Dog, records of such measurements are either non-existent or invisible. The objective of this prospective cross-sectional study was to document measurement indices used for the evaluation of canine trachea. Thirty healthy Nigerian indigenous dogs of both sexes were used for the investigation. Plain right and left lateral thoracic radiographs of each research animal were obtained. The tracheal silhouette in each radiograph was objectively evaluated and adequately described. In the right and left lateral views, the sagittal diameter of the tenth vertebra, the thoracic inlet diameter, and the tracheal diameter were the parameters measured and recorded. Indices generated were the tracheothoracic ratio and tracheovertebral ratio. Results were described as means ± standard errors of means while differences between mean values were subjected to student’s t-test statistic using SPSS version 22 for windows. Statistical significance was established at P≤0.05. In the lateral radiographs, mean values of vertebral indices, tracheothoracic ratios, and tracheovertebral ratios for right/left lateral radiographs were 0.21±0.01/0.21±0.01, and 0.92±0.12/0.92±0.11, respectively. Using the right lateral and dorsoventral orthogonal views, the fronto-sagittal and Haller index's mean values were 1.05±0.04 and 0.95±0.04, respectively. The indices generated in the present study are considered adequate and recommended for morphological evaluation of the canine tracheal silhouette. The tracheovertebral ratio was established for the first time in the present research. The results of this work are reproducible, objective and easy to apply in small animal clinical practice.
在动物气管疾病的诊断和治疗(管理)的日常临床实践中，需要可重复性和易于应用的放射学评估方法。在尼日利亚土着犬中，这种测量的记录要么不存在，要么看不见。这项前瞻性横断面研究的目的是记录用于评估犬气管的测量指标。调查使用了30只健康的尼日利亚本地犬，雌雄都有。获得每只实验动物的左右侧位胸片平片。每个x线片的气管轮廓被客观地评估和充分地描述。在左右侧位图上，测量并记录了第10椎体矢状直径、胸椎入口直径和气管直径。生成的指标为气管胸比和气管椎比。结果用均数±均数的标准误差来描述，均数之间的差异使用SPSS version 22 for windows进行学生t检验统计。P≤0.05有统计学意义。侧位片椎体指数、气管胸椎比值、气管椎比值平均值分别为0.21±0.01/0.21±0.01、0.92±0.12/0.92±0.11。右侧侧位和背腹侧位正交观察，额矢状面和Haller指数的平均值分别为1.05±0.04和0.95±0.04。在本研究中产生的指数被认为是足够的，并推荐用于犬气管轮廓的形态学评估。本研究首次建立了气管-椎比值。本研究结果重现性好，客观，易于应用于小动物临床实践。
{"title":"Evaluation of tracheal size in the Nigerian indigenous dog by radiologic morphometry","authors":"R. Ukaha, K. Agwu, R. Kene","doi":"10.4314/sokjvs.v20i2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v20i2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Reproducible and easily applied methods of radiologic evaluation are needed in the day-to-day clinical practice for diagnosis and treatment (management) of tracheal disorders in animals. In the Nigerian Indigenous Dog, records of such measurements are either non-existent or invisible. The objective of this prospective cross-sectional study was to document measurement indices used for the evaluation of canine trachea. Thirty healthy Nigerian indigenous dogs of both sexes were used for the investigation. Plain right and left lateral thoracic radiographs of each research animal were obtained. The tracheal silhouette in each radiograph was objectively evaluated and adequately described. In the right and left lateral views, the sagittal diameter of the tenth vertebra, the thoracic inlet diameter, and the tracheal diameter were the parameters measured and recorded. Indices generated were the tracheothoracic ratio and tracheovertebral ratio. Results were described as means ± standard errors of means while differences between mean values were subjected to student’s t-test statistic using SPSS version 22 for windows. Statistical significance was established at P≤0.05. In the lateral radiographs, mean values of vertebral indices, tracheothoracic ratios, and tracheovertebral ratios for right/left lateral radiographs were 0.21±0.01/0.21±0.01, and 0.92±0.12/0.92±0.11, respectively. Using the right lateral and dorsoventral orthogonal views, the fronto-sagittal and Haller index's mean values were 1.05±0.04 and 0.95±0.04, respectively. The indices generated in the present study are considered adequate and recommended for morphological evaluation of the canine tracheal silhouette. The tracheovertebral ratio was established for the first time in the present research. The results of this work are reproducible, objective and easy to apply in small animal clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":253894,"journal":{"name":"Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128540132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. M. Shallangwa, B. Maikai, O. O. Okubanjo, E. Tizhe, M. Francis
Cryptosporidium species are apicomplexan parasites commonly associated with diarrhoea in both men and animals. They are of public health importance. The study aimed to determine the occurrence of Cryptosporidium species in cattle in the Yola metropolitan area, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Four hundred and sixteen (416) faecal samples were collected from cattle in commercial farms and nomadic settlements and were analyzed using Modified Ziehl Neelsen (MZN) technique. Twenty-seven (27) positive samples were subjected to nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for the amplification of a specific fragment of 18S rRNA gene that was used to detect Cryptosporidium spp. Seventy-three (17.5%) out of 416 samples were positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts by MZN, and 26 (96.0%) out of 27 isolated oocysts of Cryptosporidium detected by MZN were positive by PCR. Commercial farms had a higher prevalence (19.2%) of Cryptosporidium oocysts than the nomadic settlements (15.9%). Based on risk factors, there was a significant association (P<0.05) between the occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and factors such as sex and faecal consistency. At the same time, age, breed, management system, animal source and drinking water source varied insignificantly (P>0.05). This study has shown the occurrence of Cryptosporidium infection in cattle in the Yola metropolis. There should be an awareness campaign among public health workers on the dangers posed by the organism to humans so that the Government would enforce control and preventive measures.
{"title":"Prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in cattle from selected commercial farms and nomadic settlements in Yola, Adamawa State","authors":"J. M. Shallangwa, B. Maikai, O. O. Okubanjo, E. Tizhe, M. Francis","doi":"10.4314/sokjvs.v20i2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v20i2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Cryptosporidium species are apicomplexan parasites commonly associated with diarrhoea in both men and animals. They are of public health importance. The study aimed to determine the occurrence of Cryptosporidium species in cattle in the Yola metropolitan area, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Four hundred and sixteen (416) faecal samples were collected from cattle in commercial farms and nomadic settlements and were analyzed using Modified Ziehl Neelsen (MZN) technique. Twenty-seven (27) positive samples were subjected to nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for the amplification of a specific fragment of 18S rRNA gene that was used to detect Cryptosporidium spp. Seventy-three (17.5%) out of 416 samples were positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts by MZN, and 26 (96.0%) out of 27 isolated oocysts of Cryptosporidium detected by MZN were positive by PCR. Commercial farms had a higher prevalence (19.2%) of Cryptosporidium oocysts than the nomadic settlements (15.9%). Based on risk factors, there was a significant association (P<0.05) between the occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and factors such as sex and faecal consistency. At the same time, age, breed, management system, animal source and drinking water source varied insignificantly (P>0.05). This study has shown the occurrence of Cryptosporidium infection in cattle in the Yola metropolis. There should be an awareness campaign among public health workers on the dangers posed by the organism to humans so that the Government would enforce control and preventive measures.","PeriodicalId":253894,"journal":{"name":"Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123941709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. A. Kaboré, M. Yougbare, L. D. Dahourou, K. M. Dera, S. Sawadogo, A. Traoré, A. Belem
In Burkina Faso, beekeeping is practised throughout the country. It has many potentialities, but it faced many constraints. Sanitary constraints are less investigated and need to be elucidate for a better management of bee colonies and improvement of beekeeping. A descriptive study was conducted in Cascades region to assess the prevalence and the density of Varroa mite infestation. The method of sugar shake on adult bees was used. The overall prevalence found was 91.7% [95% CI: 83.8% - 99.5%] and the density varied from 0.3 mite/100 bees to 12.3 mites/100 bees. These results show that the Varroa mite is widespread in bee colonies and its monitoring should be considered for bee health management, which is essential for sustainable beekeeping. Advanced research is needed in a large sample area to further investigate the epidemiological aspects and the potential impact of the mite on honeybee production.
{"title":"Preliminary study on the prevalence of Varroa sp in honeybee colonies in the village of Mondon (Burkina Faso)","authors":"B. A. Kaboré, M. Yougbare, L. D. Dahourou, K. M. Dera, S. Sawadogo, A. Traoré, A. Belem","doi":"10.4314/sokjvs.v20i2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v20i2.9","url":null,"abstract":"In Burkina Faso, beekeeping is practised throughout the country. It has many potentialities, but it faced many constraints. Sanitary constraints are less investigated and need to be elucidate for a better management of bee colonies and improvement of beekeeping. A descriptive study was conducted in Cascades region to assess the prevalence and the density of Varroa mite infestation. The method of sugar shake on adult bees was used. The overall prevalence found was 91.7% [95% CI: 83.8% - 99.5%] and the density varied from 0.3 mite/100 bees to 12.3 mites/100 bees. These results show that the Varroa mite is widespread in bee colonies and its monitoring should be considered for bee health management, which is essential for sustainable beekeeping. Advanced research is needed in a large sample area to further investigate the epidemiological aspects and the potential impact of the mite on honeybee production.","PeriodicalId":253894,"journal":{"name":"Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133650690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Choke in the veterinary profession is a term used to denote an obstruction to the passage route of food through the pharynx and oesophagus, either partially or completely. This case report describes a four-month-old male puppy, a Nigerian indigenous breed of dog weighing 6kg, diagnosed with oesophageal obstruction caused by ingestion of a fried chicken scapular bone. The puppy was presented at the emergency unit of the University of Jos Veterinary Teaching Hospital, where it was clinically evaluated, diagnosed and managed via manual removal of the dislodged bone that was performed with sterile thumb forceps under deep sedation. Reducing the incidence of foreign body obstruction in dogs can be achieved by ensuring that dogs are not fed with large, irregularly shaped bone and/ or bones with sharp edges. The bones are correctly disposed-off in the environment. Furthermore, bones should not be fed to dogs where likely competition for the bone is likely as a choke at the pharyngolaryngeal region can occur.
{"title":"Manual removal of irregular-shaped foreign body lodged in the pharyngolaryngeal area in 4-months-old puppy","authors":"J. J. Kalang, H. I. Dunka","doi":"10.4314/sokjvs.v20i2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v20i2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Choke in the veterinary profession is a term used to denote an obstruction to the passage route of food through the pharynx and oesophagus, either partially or completely. This case report describes a four-month-old male puppy, a Nigerian indigenous breed of dog weighing 6kg, diagnosed with oesophageal obstruction caused by ingestion of a fried chicken scapular bone. The puppy was presented at the emergency unit of the University of Jos Veterinary Teaching Hospital, where it was clinically evaluated, diagnosed and managed via manual removal of the dislodged bone that was performed with sterile thumb forceps under deep sedation. Reducing the incidence of foreign body obstruction in dogs can be achieved by ensuring that dogs are not fed with large, irregularly shaped bone and/ or bones with sharp edges. The bones are correctly disposed-off in the environment. Furthermore, bones should not be fed to dogs where likely competition for the bone is likely as a choke at the pharyngolaryngeal region can occur.","PeriodicalId":253894,"journal":{"name":"Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128266292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The most common cause of death in village chickens is Newcastle disease (ND). A study was conducted to evaluate the seroprevalence of ND in the three senatorial zones of Plateau State using the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Blood samples were collected from 389 village chickens of various ages and sexes that were maintained on extensive system of management in nine Local Government Areas (LGAs) across the three Senatorial zones. The overall seroprevalence of ND virus antibodies in village chickens was found to be 36.8% which differed statistically (p > 0.05) between LGAs, with the highest prevalence of 8.7% (CI: 6.3–11.9) and lowest prevalence of 1.5% (CI: 0.7–3.3) in Bokkos and Qua’an Pan LGAs, respectively. Also, seroprevalence of NDV antibodies differed significantly (p > 0.05) between the three senatorial zones, with 17.5% (CI: 14.0-21.6) in the Northern senatorial zone and 6.7% (CI: 4.6-9.6) in Southern senatorial zone. In the three senatorial zones of Plateau State, this study found prevalence of ND virus antibodies in village chickens. There is a need to increase awareness regarding the importance of vaccinating village chickens to protect them.
{"title":"Seroprevalence of Newcastle disease virus antibodies in village chickens in the three senatorial zones of Plateau State, Nigeria","authors":"A. Balami, Y. Wungak, S. Bata, S. Gang","doi":"10.4314/sokjvs.v20i2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v20i2.6","url":null,"abstract":"The most common cause of death in village chickens is Newcastle disease (ND). A study was conducted to evaluate the seroprevalence of ND in the three senatorial zones of Plateau State using the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Blood samples were collected from 389 village chickens of various ages and sexes that were maintained on extensive system of management in nine Local Government Areas (LGAs) across the three Senatorial zones. The overall seroprevalence of ND virus antibodies in village chickens was found to be 36.8% which differed statistically (p > 0.05) between LGAs, with the highest prevalence of 8.7% (CI: 6.3–11.9) and lowest prevalence of 1.5% (CI: 0.7–3.3) in Bokkos and Qua’an Pan LGAs, respectively. Also, seroprevalence of NDV antibodies differed significantly (p > 0.05) between the three senatorial zones, with 17.5% (CI: 14.0-21.6) in the Northern senatorial zone and 6.7% (CI: 4.6-9.6) in Southern senatorial zone. In the three senatorial zones of Plateau State, this study found prevalence of ND virus antibodies in village chickens. There is a need to increase awareness regarding the importance of vaccinating village chickens to protect them.","PeriodicalId":253894,"journal":{"name":"Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121821712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carcinogenic effects and other harmful effects associated with low dose-rate and low dose radiation have recently been reported. Therefore, it is important to identify effective and safe radioprotectors or radiation mitigators that can counter the effects of ionizing radiation damage. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the mitigating potential of methanolic leaves extract of Duranta erecta (DE) against acute whole-body X-ray irradiation-induced oxidative stress in Wistar albino rats. Rats in groups B, C and D, were exposed to double X-rays radiation at a source to skin distance (SSD) of 70 cm to deliver a total radiation dose of 18.4mGy at the rate of 9.2mGy/exposure using 100kVp and 30mAs exposure factors and quality factor of the X-ray machine (P) of 15. Rats in group A (control) were neither irradiated nor administered with DE extract. In contrast, group B rats were irradiated but not treated. DE extract at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight was administered to groups C and D rats for 15 consecutive days. On post-irradiation days 1, 7, 14 and 21, the antioxidant status of the rats was evaluated and compared with control. Parameters assessed were catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Mean serum levels of GSH, SOD, CAT and MDA in the irradiated and treated groups did not vary significantly (P > 0.05) from the un-irradiated control group. In conclusion, methanolic extract of DE mitigated against radiation-induced decline in serum GSH, SOD, CAT, and radiation-induced MDA elevation. Results obtained indicated that methanolic extract of DE can be used potentially as a natural radiation mitigating agent.
{"title":"Mitigating effects of methanolic leaf extract of Duranta erecta against X-ray induced oxidative stress in Wistar albino rats","authors":"C. Eze, K. Ogbanya, K.O. Obiakor","doi":"10.4314/sokjvs.v20i2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v20i2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Carcinogenic effects and other harmful effects associated with low dose-rate and low dose radiation have recently been reported. Therefore, it is important to identify effective and safe radioprotectors or radiation mitigators that can counter the effects of ionizing radiation damage. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the mitigating potential of methanolic leaves extract of Duranta erecta (DE) against acute whole-body X-ray irradiation-induced oxidative stress in Wistar albino rats. Rats in groups B, C and D, were exposed to double X-rays radiation at a source to skin distance (SSD) of 70 cm to deliver a total radiation dose of 18.4mGy at the rate of 9.2mGy/exposure using 100kVp and 30mAs exposure factors and quality factor of the X-ray machine (P) of 15. Rats in group A (control) were neither irradiated nor administered with DE extract. In contrast, group B rats were irradiated but not treated. DE extract at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight was administered to groups C and D rats for 15 consecutive days. On post-irradiation days 1, 7, 14 and 21, the antioxidant status of the rats was evaluated and compared with control. Parameters assessed were catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Mean serum levels of GSH, SOD, CAT and MDA in the irradiated and treated groups did not vary significantly (P > 0.05) from the un-irradiated control group. In conclusion, methanolic extract of DE mitigated against radiation-induced decline in serum GSH, SOD, CAT, and radiation-induced MDA elevation. Results obtained indicated that methanolic extract of DE can be used potentially as a natural radiation mitigating agent.","PeriodicalId":253894,"journal":{"name":"Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132685850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Adebowale, O. Adenubi, H. Adesokan, A. Oloye, N. Bankole, O. Fadipe, P. Ayo-Ajayi, O. Akinloye
Vaccines are one of the most effective and successful strategies employed to date to prevent and increase the population's immunity against several viral diseases. However, vaccine hesitancy among populations poses a potential danger to global health. This study focused on determining the vaccine acceptance rate and associated key determinants among veterinarians. A cross-sectional study using a web-based survey among veterinarians was conducted in the month of April 2021. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to identify key predictors for vaccine acceptance among veterinarians. A total of 305 veterinarians participated in this survey, of whom 39 respondents (12.8%) had received the COVID-19 vaccine. The vaccine acceptance rate among respondents was 38.3% (excluding those that have taken the vaccine). Only 37.0 % of the respondents were confident about the safety and efficacy of the Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine in circulation in the country. Major perceived drivers for vaccine acceptability were safety (91.8%), possible adverse reactions (85.6%) and global acceptability (75.7%). The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of vaccine acceptance increased by 2.3 times among male veterinarians than females (95% CI: 1.358-3.900; p = 0.002) in the multivariate model. In Nigeria, little is known about COVID-19 vaccine acceptance (VA) and predictors among animal healthcare providers, including veterinarians. The study found gender as a key sociodemographic predictor for VA. There is a need to address the sociodemographic determinants of vaccine hesitancy through public health efforts and increase COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and coverage in Nigeria.
{"title":"Sociodemographic predictors associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among veterinary professionals in Nigeria","authors":"O. Adebowale, O. Adenubi, H. Adesokan, A. Oloye, N. Bankole, O. Fadipe, P. Ayo-Ajayi, O. Akinloye","doi":"10.4314/sokjvs.v20i2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v20i2.8","url":null,"abstract":"Vaccines are one of the most effective and successful strategies employed to date to prevent and increase the population's immunity against several viral diseases. However, vaccine hesitancy among populations poses a potential danger to global health. This study focused on determining the vaccine acceptance rate and associated key determinants among veterinarians. A cross-sectional study using a web-based survey among veterinarians was conducted in the month of April 2021. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to identify key predictors for vaccine acceptance among veterinarians. A total of 305 veterinarians participated in this survey, of whom 39 respondents (12.8%) had received the COVID-19 vaccine. The vaccine acceptance rate among respondents was 38.3% (excluding those that have taken the vaccine). Only 37.0 % of the respondents were confident about the safety and efficacy of the Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine in circulation in the country. Major perceived drivers for vaccine acceptability were safety (91.8%), possible adverse reactions (85.6%) and global acceptability (75.7%). The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of vaccine acceptance increased by 2.3 times among male veterinarians than females (95% CI: 1.358-3.900; p = 0.002) in the multivariate model. In Nigeria, little is known about COVID-19 vaccine acceptance (VA) and predictors among animal healthcare providers, including veterinarians. The study found gender as a key sociodemographic predictor for VA. There is a need to address the sociodemographic determinants of vaccine hesitancy through public health efforts and increase COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and coverage in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":253894,"journal":{"name":"Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126141790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quail eggs are known to be highly nutritious. In the first study, the nutritional and mineral composition of quail eggs was evaluated by determining the proportion of moisture, total ash, lipids, nitrogen, crude protein and carbohydrate in the egg. The second phase was to determine the role of quail eggs in bone healing. Freshly laid Japanese quail eggs were purchased from a research institute in Plateau state, Nigeria. Five eggs were randomly selected and used for the evaluation of the nutritional and mineral composition of eggs. They were subjected to different methods to obtain the proximate and nutritive content. The moisture content in the egg was 65.5 %, total ash was 8.5 %, lipid was 1.5 %, nitrogen was 0.75 %, crude protein was 4.72 %, and carbohydrate was 19.78 %. For the mineral content, sodium was 42.5 mg, potassium was 80 mg, phosphorus was 6.49 mg, calcium was 0.9 mg, and magnesium was 1.3 mg. In the second study, 12 male New Zealand white rabbits with an average age of 7–8 months were used. They were separated into 2 groups comprising 6 rabbits per group. Rabbits in group A had a cylindrical trephine drill to create a 3.5 mm diameter defect on the lateral distal epicondyle of the left femur and were monitored for 12 weeks. Faster healing was observed in the group administered quail egg. At week 10, the radiographic score of the quail egg treated group [4(3-4)] was significantly (P < 0.05) higher compared to the control group with 2(2-3). At week 12, complete healing was observed in the quail egg group [4(4-4)]; this was different from the control group that had 2 rabbits yet to be healed. The study shows that Japanese quail egg is nutritious and rich in essential nutrients including calcium and phosphorus and as such it can serve as a nutritional supplement to enhance bone healing.
{"title":"Proximate and mineral composition of Japanese quail egg and its possible role in bone healing","authors":"E. I. Oviawe, S. Fadason, M. Lawal, M. Suleiman","doi":"10.4314/sokjvs.v20i2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v20i2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Quail eggs are known to be highly nutritious. In the first study, the nutritional and mineral composition of quail eggs was evaluated by determining the proportion of moisture, total ash, lipids, nitrogen, crude protein and carbohydrate in the egg. The second phase was to determine the role of quail eggs in bone healing. Freshly laid Japanese quail eggs were purchased from a research institute in Plateau state, Nigeria. Five eggs were randomly selected and used for the evaluation of the nutritional and mineral composition of eggs. They were subjected to different methods to obtain the proximate and nutritive content. The moisture content in the egg was 65.5 %, total ash was 8.5 %, lipid was 1.5 %, nitrogen was 0.75 %, crude protein was 4.72 %, and carbohydrate was 19.78 %. For the mineral content, sodium was 42.5 mg, potassium was 80 mg, phosphorus was 6.49 mg, calcium was 0.9 mg, and magnesium was 1.3 mg. In the second study, 12 male New Zealand white rabbits with an average age of 7–8 months were used. They were separated into 2 groups comprising 6 rabbits per group. Rabbits in group A had a cylindrical trephine drill to create a 3.5 mm diameter defect on the lateral distal epicondyle of the left femur and were monitored for 12 weeks. Faster healing was observed in the group administered quail egg. At week 10, the radiographic score of the quail egg treated group [4(3-4)] was significantly (P < 0.05) higher compared to the control group with 2(2-3). At week 12, complete healing was observed in the quail egg group [4(4-4)]; this was different from the control group that had 2 rabbits yet to be healed. The study shows that Japanese quail egg is nutritious and rich in essential nutrients including calcium and phosphorus and as such it can serve as a nutritional supplement to enhance bone healing.","PeriodicalId":253894,"journal":{"name":"Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131707631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Progesterone profiles of Red Sokoto does were evaluated for clinical application. Fifty-one Red Sokoto goats does were assigned into three groups: (a) prostaglandin F2-alpha (n = 17), and given double injection of prostaglandin F2-alpha at 12-days interval; (b) progesterone sponges (n = 17), and administered progesterone sponges, inserted for 12-days; and (c) control (n = 17), no treatment. Blood samples were collected from all groups from day 0 to 6, day 9, day 12 to 15, day 19, and day 21 to 23 for progesterone profile. Group A had four profiles: 1) does in luteal phase at first and second injections; 2) does in luteal phase at first injection but insensitive at second; 3) does in follicular phase at first injection but luteal phase at second; 4) does, insensitive at first and second injections. Group B profile were: 1) does in luteal phase at sponge insertion; 2) does in luteal phase with decreased progesterone concentration; 3) does in follicular phase at sponge insertion; 4) does with insensitive corpus luteum at sponge insertion. It was concluded that progesterone profile assisted in describing exhibitions and non-exhibitions of behavioural oestrus in Red Sokoto does.
{"title":"Progesterone profile of red Sokoto does treated with prostaglandin F2-alpha and progesterone sponges for clinical application","authors":"A. A. Bello, A. A. Voh Jr, D. Ogwu, L. Tekdek","doi":"10.4314/sokjvs.v20i1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v20i1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Progesterone profiles of Red Sokoto does were evaluated for clinical application. Fifty-one Red Sokoto goats does were assigned into three groups: (a) prostaglandin F2-alpha (n = 17), and given double injection of prostaglandin F2-alpha at 12-days interval; (b) progesterone sponges (n = 17), and administered progesterone sponges, inserted for 12-days; and (c) control (n = 17), no treatment. Blood samples were collected from all groups from day 0 to 6, day 9, day 12 to 15, day 19, and day 21 to 23 for progesterone profile. Group A had four profiles: 1) does in luteal phase at first and second injections; 2) does in luteal phase at first injection but insensitive at second; 3) does in follicular phase at first injection but luteal phase at second; 4) does, insensitive at first and second injections. Group B profile were: 1) does in luteal phase at sponge insertion; 2) does in luteal phase with decreased progesterone concentration; 3) does in follicular phase at sponge insertion; 4) does with insensitive corpus luteum at sponge insertion. It was concluded that progesterone profile assisted in describing exhibitions and non-exhibitions of behavioural oestrus in Red Sokoto does.","PeriodicalId":253894,"journal":{"name":"Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127705187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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