Biomass & Bioenergy最新文献_第10页

Dielectric characterization of mustard (Brassica Nigra) husk (MSH) by investigating biomass-microwave interaction for energy storage applications 利用生物质-微波相互作用研究芥菜（Brassica Nigra）外壳（MSH）的介电特性及其储能应用

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107592

Akanksha Verma, Manoj Tripathi

Generation of huge amount of agricultural waste and its inappropriate disposal may lead to various environmental, pollution and health related issues. Development of an efficient technique for the disposal or utilization of waste is needed. Biomass, in recent few decades, has become popular for the energy storage. Microwave pyrolysis is a prominent technique to produce highly carbonaceous porous char form solid waste. This char may be used in different applications including development of biomass-derived supercapacitor electrodes. Biomass-microwave interaction during microwave pyrolysis is crucial and it determines the efficacy and effectiveness of the microwave pyrolysis process. In the present study, dielectric properties of mustard husk (MSH) at two different frequencies (900 MHz and 2450 MHz) have been investigated within the temperature range of 30–600 °C. At 30 °C, the dielectric constant (ε′) of MSH is 3.275 at 900 MHz and 2.978 at 2450 MHz while the dielectric loss (ε′′) is 0.268 at 900 MHz and 0.311 at 2450 MHz. Within the studied temperature range (30–600 °C), ε′ and ε′′ values decreased by 42.41 % and 65.67 % at 900 MHz frequency while these lowered by 40.16 % and 61.73 % at 2450 MHz frequency. Penetration depth shows 102.01 % and 120.937 % rise on increasing the temperature from 30 to 600 °C for 900 MHz and 2450 MHz frequencies, respectively. Dielectric constant values were fitted to pre-existing Boltzmann and Gauss models. The study suggests that MSH interacts to microwave to a high extent and microwave pyrolysis is suitable to produce the energy rich product from agricultural wastes. The present study utilises novel approach of converting MSH into value added product. The novelty lies in the fact that MSH cannot be used in other alternative like animal feeding of crop fertilization etc. And burning huge amount of MSH in open environment creates hazardous environmental impact. Thus, MSH available largely may be contributes to energy storage application that eventually benefits the environment and use of renewable resources.

大量农业废弃物的产生及其处置不当可能导致各种环境、污染和健康问题。需要开发一种处理或利用废物的有效技术。近几十年来，生物质能已成为一种流行的能源储存方式。微波热解是一种从固体废物中制备高碳质多孔炭的重要技术。这种炭可用于不同的应用，包括开发生物质衍生的超级电容器电极。微波热解过程中生物质与微波的相互作用至关重要，它决定了微波热解过程的效率和效果。在30-600℃的温度范围内，研究了芥菜壳（MSH）在900 MHz和2450 MHz两个不同频率下的介电特性。在30℃时，MSH的介电常数ε′在900 MHz和2450 MHz分别为3.275和2.978，介电损耗ε′在900 MHz和2450 MHz分别为0.268和0.311。在研究温度范围（30 ~ 600℃）内，900 MHz频率下ε′和ε′值分别下降42.41%和65.67%，2450 MHz频率下ε′和ε′值分别下降40.16%和61.73%。在900 MHz和2450 MHz频率下，当温度从30℃增加到600℃时，穿透深度分别增加102.01%和120.937%。介电常数值被拟合到已有的玻尔兹曼和高斯模型中。研究表明，MSH与微波有高度的相互作用，微波热解适于从农业废弃物中生产富能产品。本研究采用了一种新的方法将MSH转化为增值产品。其新颖之处在于，MSH不能用于其他替代品，如动物饲料、作物施肥等。而在露天环境中大量燃烧MSH对环境造成了危害。因此，MSH在很大程度上可能有助于储能应用，最终有利于环境和可再生资源的利用。

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引用次数: 0

Different approaches to sugarcane vinasse use and management in Brazil: A technical, economic, and environmental analysis 巴西使用和管理甘蔗酒渣的不同方法：技术、经济和环境分析

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107603

Ana Carolina Medina Jimenez , Igor Lucas Rodrigues Dias , Terezinha de Fatima Cardoso , João Luíz Nunes Carvalho , Tassia Lopes Junqueira , Nathalia Meschiatti Magioli , Mateus Ferreira Chagas , Adriano Pinto Mariano , Marcelo Pereira da Cunha , Antonio Bonomi

Sugarcane ethanol production generates various residues, with vinasse being the most voluminous. Due to its high organic matter, potassium, and sulfate content, improper disposal of vinasse can cause significant environmental impacts. Anaerobic biodigestion and vinasse concentration are promising technologies for managing vinasse effectively and harnessing its properties. This study compares three vinasse management approaches: in natura application, vinasse biodigestion with different biogas uses, and vinasse concentration. To enhance environmental accuracy, methane (CH₄) emissions from in natura vinasse transportation channels and fugitive emissions from the biodigestion process–two often overlooked or underestimated emission sources–were considered. Environmental assessments revealed that while most scenarios performed slightly better than the in natura approach, biodigestion scenarios were expected to deliver greater benefits. However, fugitive CH₄ emissions significantly influenced the results, highlighting the need to monitor and mitigate these losses to advance the technology economically and environmentally. The vinasse concentration process emerged as a viable alternative, ranking second in cost-effectiveness, just below biodigestion with diesel substitution scenario. These findings emphasize the potential of this approach to balance economic and environmental benefits, explaining its increasing adoption as a large-scale strategy. The economic analysis revealed that the biodigestion with diesel substitution scenario achieved a slightly higher internal rate of return of 15 % compared to the other scenarios. Additionally, the sensitivity analysis showed that carbon credits sales could further enhance economic performance, contributing approximately 6 % to total revenue. Overall, the study demonstrates the promising potential of vinasse concentration and biodigestion as integrated strategies for sustainable sugarcane ethanol production.

甘蔗乙醇生产产生各种残留物，其中酒糟是体积最大的。由于酒渣的有机物、钾和硫酸盐含量高，处理不当会对环境造成重大影响。厌氧生物消化和酒糟浓缩是有效管理酒糟和利用酒糟特性的有前途的技术。本研究比较了三种酒糟管理方法：自然应用、不同沼气用途的酒糟生物消化和酒糟浓度。为了提高环境准确性，考虑了天然酒液运输通道中的甲烷（CH₄）排放和生物消化过程中的逸散性排放这两个经常被忽视或低估的排放源。环境评估显示，虽然大多数方案的效果略好于自然方法，但生物消化方案有望带来更大的效益。然而，挥发性氯化氢的排放对结果有很大影响，因此需要监测和减轻这些损失，以经济和环境地推进技术。酒糟浓缩工艺成为一种可行的替代方案，在成本效益上排名第二，仅次于生物消化与柴油替代方案。这些发现强调了这种方法在平衡经济和环境效益方面的潜力，解释了它作为一种大规模战略越来越多地被采用。经济分析显示，与其他方案相比，生物消化与柴油替代方案的内部回报率略高，为15%。此外，敏感性分析表明，碳信用额的销售可以进一步提高经济绩效，贡献约6%的总收入。总的来说，该研究表明，将酒糟浓缩和生物消化作为可持续甘蔗乙醇生产的综合策略具有很大的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Ozonation pretreatment-assisted catalytic hydrogenation for efficient depolymerization of lignin 臭氧预处理辅助催化加氢解聚木质素

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107597

Meihang Li , Guangci Li , Zhengting Xiao , Lei Chen , Qingyang Li , Xuebing Li , Song Chen

As one of the most important biomass resources, lignin is regarded as an ideal feedstock to produce high-value chemicals because of the abundance of its aromatic structures. However, the complex structure and large molecular weight (MW) of lignin prevent its efficient depolymerization into monomers, even under harsh processing conditions. In this work, an ozonation process was used to pretreat organosolv lignin followed by catalytic hydrogenation to promote lignin depolymerization. Upon ozonation pretreatment in different acid/alkaline environments, lignin was preliminarily depolymerized, and all the ozonated products could be divided into insoluble and water-soluble fractions, suggesting that the structure of lignin was changed to a certain extent. Moreover, the MW of the ozonated products markedly changed, and unexpectedly, some MWs obtained at pH = 6, 8, and 9 did not decrease but increased with possible recondensation. Afterwards, the ozonated product obtained at pH = 10 was used as the feedstock for the subsequent hydrogenation process because of the lowest MW (5574 g/mol). Due to the good hydrodeoxygenation activity, Ni-Nb composite material was used as hydrogenation catalyst. After hydrogenation at 280 °C and 4.0 MPa, the monomer yield of the untreated organosolv lignin was 19.5 wt%. By contrast, the water-soluble fraction had a higher monomer yield (83.3 wt%), while the insoluble fraction had a lower one (12.5 wt%) because of the greater number of C-C bonds. This work confirmed that ozonation pretreatment increased the relative content of C-C bonds, which may inhibit hydrodepolymerization to some extent, but the total depolymerization rate was still improved.

作为最重要的生物质资源之一，木质素因其丰富的芳香结构而被视为生产高价值化学品的理想原料。然而，木质素结构复杂、分子量大，即使在苛刻的加工条件下，也无法将其有效解聚成单体。在这项工作中，采用臭氧处理工艺对有机溶胶木质素进行预处理，然后进行催化加氢，以促进木质素的解聚。在不同酸碱环境下进行臭氧预处理后，木质素被初步解聚，臭氧产物可分为不溶性和水溶性两种，表明木质素的结构发生了一定程度的改变。此外，臭氧处理产物的截留分子量发生了明显变化，出乎意料的是，在 pH = 6、8 和 9 时得到的一些截留分子量不仅没有降低，反而随着可能的再缩合而升高。随后，在 pH = 10 时得到的臭氧产物因其最低的截留分子量（5574 g/mol）而被用作后续氢化工艺的原料。由于 Ni-Nb 复合材料具有良好的加氢脱氧活性，因此被用作氢化催化剂。在 280 °C 和 4.0 MPa 下氢化后，未经处理的有机溶胶木质素的单体产率为 19.5 wt%。相比之下，水溶性部分的单体产率更高（83.3 wt%），而不溶性部分的单体产率较低（12.5 wt%），这是因为 C-C 键的数量较多。这项研究证实，臭氧预处理增加了 C-C 键的相对含量，这可能会在一定程度上抑制水解聚合，但总的解聚率仍有所提高。

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引用次数: 0

Green vegetable waste composited with chitosan as a bioadsorbent for effective removal of methylene blue dye from water: Insight into physicochemical and adsorption characteristics 壳聚糖复合绿色植物垃圾作为生物吸附剂对水中亚甲基蓝染料的有效去除：理化和吸附特性的研究

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107528

Ahmed Saud Abdulhameed , Rima Heider Al Omari , Sultan Althahban , Yosef Jazaa , Mahmoud Abualhaija , Sameer Algburi

In the current work, green vegetable waste (lettuce leaves, Swiss chard stems, and cucumber peel) was functionalized using sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) and subsequently composited with chitosan to develop a biocomposite (starting now, CHT/GVW-HS) for effectively removing methylene blue (MB) dye from water. The adsorption variables, including CHT/GVW-HS dosage (0.03–0.09 g), removal time (10–90 min), and pH (4–10), were optimized using Box-Behnken Design (BBD). The BBD model's findings indicate that the ideal values for achieving maximum removal of MB (98.57 %) are a pH of approximately 10, a dose of CHT/GVW-HS of 0.065 g, and a contact duration of 88 min. The experimental results of MB adsorption by CHT/GVW-HS were in agreement with pseudo-first-order and the Freundlich models. The biomaterial exhibited a high adsorption capacity of 296.83 mg/g for CHT/GVW-HS, indicating its strong ability to adsorb MB. The adsorption route of MB on the CHT/GVW-HS involves various interactions like electrostatic, n-π, Yoshida H-bonding, and H-bonding. The study promotes the production of sustainable adsorbents using waste biomass and biopolymers to efficiently eliminate dyes from wastewater. The current work contributes to several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), such as Life Below Water, Clean Water and Sanitation, Climate Action, and Responsible Consumption and Production.

本研究利用硫酸（H2SO4）对绿色蔬菜废弃物（生菜叶、甜菜茎和黄瓜皮）进行功能化处理，并与壳聚糖进行复合，制备了一种生物复合材料（现开始研究CHT/GVW-HS），可有效去除水中的亚甲基蓝（MB）染料。采用Box-Behnken设计（BBD）对CHT/GVW-HS用量（0.03 ~ 0.09 g）、去除时间（10 ~ 90min）、pH（4 ~ 10）进行了优化。BBD模型结果表明，达到最大MB去除率（98.57%）的理想值为pH约为10，CHT/GVW-HS剂量为0.065 g，接触时间为88 min。CHT/GVW-HS吸附MB的实验结果符合拟一阶模型和Freundlich模型。该生物材料对CHT/GVW-HS的吸附量高达296.83 mg/g，表明其吸附MB的能力较强。MB在CHT/GVW-HS上的吸附途径涉及静电、n-π、吉田h键和h键等多种相互作用。该研究促进了利用废弃生物质和生物聚合物生产可持续吸附剂，以有效地去除废水中的染料。目前的工作有助于实现若干可持续发展目标，如水下生命、清洁水和卫生设施、气候行动以及负责任的消费和生产。

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引用次数: 0

Hydrothermal reduction of CO2 into formate in a semicontinuous plant with soft wood as reducing agent 以软木材为还原剂在半连续装置中水热还原CO2为甲酸盐

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107521

MairaI. Chinchilla , Iván P. Franco , Fidel A. Mato , Ángel Martín , MaríaD. Bermejo

There is a growing interest in producing valuable products from renewable materials such as biomass and CO₂. One of the current challenges in this field is developing processes that can be scaled up to match the large volumes of CO₂ emissions. In this study, a process is developed that consists of the simultaneous conversion of biomass and reduction of CO₂ into formic acid in hydrothermal media. Experimental results from a semi-continuous plant, using NaHCO₃ as inorganic CO₂ source and soft wood as biomass reducing agent, are presented. In addition to formic acid, the other main products are acetic acid and lactic acid. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance analyses revealed that acetic acid and lactic acid are derived exclusively from the oxidation of biomass, while formic acid is the main product originating from the inorganic carbon source. It was determined that at 300 °C, 37 % of the total production of formic acid comes from the reduction of inorganic CO₂. Experiments with ramp heating with temperature increments of 5 °C/min showed that low reaction temperatures (150, 200 °C) favor the production of acetic acid from biomass, while higher temperatures (300 °C) promote the production of formic acid and lactic acid from both biomass and CO₂. According to these results, a staged heating can lead to a fractionation of these products. These results validate the hydrothermal reduction technology for the scalable, semicontinuous conversion of CO₂ using lignocellulosic biomass reductants, and offer a new approach for the downstream processing of the effluent, based on a prior fractionation in the reactor.

人们对利用生物质和二氧化碳等可再生材料生产有价值的产品越来越感兴趣。这一领域目前面临的挑战之一是开发可以扩大规模以匹配大量二氧化碳排放的工艺。在本研究中，开发了一种在水热介质中同时转化生物质和将CO2还原为甲酸的工艺。介绍了以NaHCO3为无机CO2源，软木材为生物质还原剂的半连续装置实验结果。除甲酸外，其他主要产品有乙酸和乳酸。核磁共振分析表明，乙酸和乳酸完全来源于生物质氧化，而甲酸是主要来源于无机碳源的产物。经测定，在300℃时，甲酸总产量的37%来自无机CO2的还原。升温幅度为5°C/min的斜坡加热实验表明，较低的反应温度（150°C、200°C）有利于生物质生成乙酸，而较高的温度（300°C）有利于生物质和CO2生成甲酸和乳酸。根据这些结果，阶段加热可以导致这些产品的分馏。这些结果验证了使用木质纤维素生物质还原剂可扩展、半连续转化二氧化碳的水热还原技术，并为基于反应器中优先分馏的废水下游处理提供了一种新方法。

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引用次数: 0

Preparation, functional modification and industrial application of nanocellulose aerogels – A comprehensive review 纳米纤维素气凝胶的制备、功能改性及工业应用综述

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107591

Qinghua Ji , Zhenqi Li , Linxi Su , Isaac Duah Boateng , Cunshan Zhou , Xianming Liu

Nanocellulose is a prospective material for preparing aerogels because of its straightforward surface modification, hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, and rich functional groups. The third-generation aerogel is an aerogel based on nanocellulose and has garnered widespread interest owing to its distinctive benefits, including a high specific surface area, three-dimensional structure, biodegradability, low density, renewability, and high porosity. This paper examines the fabrication and functional alteration of nanocellulose aerogels. The preparation of nanocellulose aerogel involves four primary steps: dissolving the nanocellulose, forming a gel, replacing the solvent in the wet gel, and drying the wet aerogel. The functional modification methods of nanocellulose aerogel mainly include mechanical functionalization, thermal functionalization, conductive functionalization, magnetic functionalization, and antibacterial functionalization. Functionalization enhances the nanocellulose composite aerogel's hydrophobicity, adsorption, mechanics, and antibacterial effects, while also endowing it with conductivity and electromagnetic shielding capabilities. This broadens its applicability and versatility in environmental protection. This paper offers an extensive overview of the progress achieved in nanocellulose aerogel research across various fields, such as adsorption, energy storage, sensing, thermal insulation, electromagnetic shielding, biomedicine, and more. In conclusion, the potential future developments and upcoming challenges facing nanocellulose aerogel are explored.

纳米纤维素具有表面改性简单、亲水性好、生物相容性好、官能团丰富等优点，是制备气凝胶的理想材料。第三代气凝胶是一种基于纳米纤维素的气凝胶，由于其独特的优点，包括高比表面积、三维结构、可生物降解、低密度、可再生和高孔隙率，已经引起了广泛的兴趣。本文研究了纳米纤维素气凝胶的制备及其功能改变。纳米纤维素气凝胶的制备包括四个基本步骤：溶解纳米纤维素，形成凝胶，替换湿凝胶中的溶剂，干燥湿气凝胶。纳米纤维素气凝胶的功能改性方法主要有机械功能化、热功能化、导电功能化、磁性功能化和抗菌功能化。功能化增强了纳米纤维素复合气凝胶的疏水性、吸附性能、力学性能和抗菌性能，同时赋予其导电性和电磁屏蔽能力。这扩大了其在环保方面的适用性和通用性。本文对纳米纤维素气凝胶在吸附、储能、传感、隔热、电磁屏蔽、生物医学等多个领域的研究进展进行了综述。最后，对纳米纤维素气凝胶的发展前景和面临的挑战进行了展望。

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引用次数: 0

Study on prediction models of oxygenated components content in biomass pyrolysis oil based on neural networks and random forests 基于神经网络和随机森林的生物质热解油含氧组分含量预测模型研究

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107601

Yuqian Zou, Hong Tian, Zhangjun Huang, Lei Liu, Yanni Xuan, Jingchao Dai, Liubao Nie

Biomass pyrolysis oil, as a renewable energy source, has significant application value, with the content of its oxygenated components being a critical parameter affecting its properties and utilization methods. This study investigates the prediction of oxygenated component content in biomass pyrolysis oil using two machine learning methods: neural networks and random forests. A large dataset of biomass pyrolysis oil samples was collected and analyzed for their oxygenated component content. Neural network and random forest techniques were used for model training and validation, and the dataset was split into training and testing sets (90 %) and (10 %), respectively. The experimental results indicate that both algorithms can accurately predict the oxygenated component content in biomass pyrolysis oil (R² > 0.81, RMSE <3.46). Additionally, the models' performance was assessed and contrasted, providing effective methods and references for predicting the oxygenated component content in biomass pyrolysis oil.

生物质热解油作为一种可再生能源，具有重要的应用价值，其含氧组分的含量是影响其性能和利用方法的关键参数。本研究利用神经网络和随机森林两种机器学习方法对生物质热解油中含氧组分含量进行预测。收集了大量生物质热解油样品数据，并对其含氧成分含量进行了分析。利用神经网络和随机森林技术进行模型训练和验证，将数据集分为训练集和测试集（90%）和测试集（10%）。实验结果表明，两种算法均能准确预测生物质热解油中含氧组分含量(R2 >；0.81, RMSE <3.46)。并对模型的性能进行了评价和对比，为预测生物质热解油中含氧组分含量提供了有效的方法和参考。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing biodiesel production: Energy efficiency and kinetic performance of microwave and ultrasonic transesterification vs. conventional techniques 优化生物柴油生产：微波和超声波酯交换与传统技术的能源效率和动力学性能

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107593

Abdallah S. Elgharbawy , M.A. Abdel-Kawi , I.H. Saleh , Mohamed A. Hanafy , Rehab M. Ali

This study explores the enhancement of biodiesel production via microwave- and ultrasonic-assisted transesterification, comparing their efficiencies against conventional methods using potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃) as a cost-effective heterogeneous catalyst. The results show that conventional transesterification, under optimal conditions (60 min, 12:1 methanol-to-oil (MTO) molar ratio, 2.5 wt% catalysts at 60 °C and 300 rpm), yields 90.7 % biodiesel while consuming 2574 kJ of energy. In contrast, microwave-assisted transesterification (6:1 MTO molar ratio, 1 wt% catalyst, 1 min) and ultrasonic-assisted transesterification (6:1 MTO molar ratio, 1 wt% catalyst, 15 min) achieved 90.7 % and 90.3 % biodiesel yields, respectively, while reducing energy consumption by 97.5 % and 85 %. The results prove that the microwave is the most effective technique for biodiesel production with minimum operating conditions, energy consumption, and the highest biodiesel specifications followed by the ultrasonic technique. Blending the produced biodiesel with petrodiesel reduced the CO exhaust emission from 0.18 to 0.11 vol % and HC exhaust emission from 47 to 32 ppm. This study affords a simple, cheap, available process that can be implemented to promote and facilitate the widespread production and adoption of biodiesel as a renewable energy source.

这项研究探讨了通过微波和超声波辅助酯交换法提高生物柴油的生产，比较了它们与使用碳酸钾（K₂CO₃）作为成本效益高的非均相催化剂的传统方法的效率。结果表明，在最佳条件下（60 min，甲醇与油（MTO）的摩尔比为12:1，催化剂质量分数为2.5 wt%，温度为60℃，转速为300 rpm），常规酯交换反应产率为90.7%，能耗为2574 kJ。相比之下，微波辅助酯交换反应（6∶1 MTO摩尔比，1 wt%催化剂，1 min）和超声波辅助酯交换反应（6∶1 MTO摩尔比，1 wt%催化剂，15 min）分别获得了90.7%和90.3%的生物柴油产率，同时降低了97.5%和85%的能耗。结果表明，微波技术是生产生物柴油最有效的技术，操作条件最小，能耗最小，生物柴油规格最高，其次是超声波技术。将生产的生物柴油与石油柴油混合后，CO排放量从0.18%降至0.11%，HC排放量从47 ppm降至32 ppm。这项研究提供了一种简单、廉价、可行的方法，可以促进和促进生物柴油作为可再生能源的广泛生产和采用。

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引用次数: 0

Untreated bamboo biochar as anode material for sustainable lithium ion batteries 未经处理的竹生物炭作为可持续锂离子电池的负极材料

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107511

Mario Junior Barbosa Nogueira , Susana Chauque , Valeria Sperati , Letizia Savio , Giorgio Divitini , Lea Pasquale , Sergio Marras , Paola Franchi , Sidnei Paciornik , Remo Proietti Zaccaria , Omar Ginoble Pandoli

Biochar, a carbon-rich material derived from lignocellulose biomass through pyrolysis, is being considered for lithium-ion battery (LIB) applications due to its sustainable sourcing, manufacturing, and favourable electrochemical properties. A biochar-based anode is a greener alternative to conventional materials, potentially reducing the environmental and financial costs of LIB production. Minimizing cost and simplifying the manufacturing process for LIBs drive the development of new scalable production of plant-based products to create greener anodes for lithium batteries. In this work, bamboo-based biochar (BCs) was prepared through an optimized slow pyrolysis route with two thermal treatments at 800 °C (B800) and 1000 °C (B1000), and used as a LIB anode. Compared to B1000, B800 presented higher d-spacing (d₀₀₂ = 0.3657 nm) and graphitic crystallite size (L_a = 13.8 nm), smaller pore sizes (38 Å) with higher surface area (310 m²/g), and a higher concentration of permanent free radicals (PFRs) centered on the carbon (1.85 × 10¹⁸ spin/g). Although B1000 is slightly more conductive than B800, the physicochemical properties of B800 could enhance the lithiation of the pseudographitic structures and facilitate the reduction of Li⁺ ions due to the presence of PFRs. The half-cell LIB using B800 presented a reversible capacity of about 250 mA h/g at C/5 and long-term stability up to 450 cycles. This study highlights the potential of bamboo-based biochar as a viable and environmentally friendly anode material for the next generation of high-performance LIBs.

生物炭是一种通过热解从木质纤维素生物质中提取的富含碳的材料，由于其可持续的采购、制造和良好的电化学性能，正被考虑用于锂离子电池（LIB）。生物炭基阳极是传统材料的绿色替代品，有可能降低LIB生产的环境和财务成本。最大限度地降低成本和简化锂电池的制造过程，推动了新的可扩展的植物产品生产的发展，以创造更环保的锂电池阳极。本研究通过优化的慢热解路线，在800℃（B800）和1000℃（B1000）两种温度下制备竹基生物炭（BCs），并将其用作锂离子电池阳极。与B1000相比，B800具有更高的d间距（d002 = 0.3657 nm）和石墨晶尺寸（La = 13.8 nm），更小的孔径（38 Å）和更高的表面积（310 m2/g），以及更高的以碳为中心的永久自由基（PFRs）浓度（1.85 × 1018自旋/g）。虽然B1000的导电性略高于B800，但由于PFRs的存在，B800的物理化学性质可以增强假石墨结构的锂化，并促进Li+离子的还原。使用B800的半电池LIB在C/5下的可逆容量约为250 mA h/g，长期稳定性高达450次循环。这项研究强调了竹基生物炭作为下一代高性能锂离子电池可行且环保的阳极材料的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Simultaneous alkali/air activation for hierarchical pore development in biochar and its use as catalyst carrier for formic acid dehydrogenation 碱/空气同步活化生物炭分层孔隙发育及其作为甲酸脱氢催化剂载体的应用

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107549

Huiming Li, Yao Gui, Junhuan Zhang, Jianfa Li

Biochar provides an efficient strategy for making use of biomass residues, because it has shown to be a multifunctional material in energy and environmental applications. However, the underdeveloped porosity of biochar often makes it perform below potential. Herein, a novel activation method, namely simultaneous alkali/air activation, was tested for hierarchical pore development in biochar. The enhanced performance of the as-prepared porous carbon was evaluated by loading of palladium (Pd) for catalyzing formic acid dehydrogenation, a key reaction for the safe storage and transport of hydrogen. It was found that NaHCO₃ was more effective than KOH on mesopore development in biochar when it was activated by air together. The carbon product possessing developed hierarchical pore structure (SA_BET = 1013 m² g⁻¹, SA_meso/SA_BET = 33.0 %) was obtained at 700 °C, using NaHCO₃ as the alkali activator in a mixed air/nitrogen gas flow (30/70 by volume). The hierarchical pore structure of carbon made it a competent carrier of Pd catalyst, because the hierarchical pores not only enhanced the dispersion of Pd nanoparticles, but also served as the fast channels for the reactants to access the active sites intra catalyst particles. Therefore, the fast formic acid dehydrogenation (TOF = 156 h⁻¹) was achieved when using the Pd catalyst loaded on such a hierarchically porous carbon.

生物炭提供了一种有效的利用生物质残留物的策略，因为它在能源和环境应用中已被证明是一种多功能材料。然而，生物炭不发达的孔隙度往往使其性能低于潜力。本文采用碱/空气同步活化的方法，对生物炭的分层孔隙发育进行了实验研究。通过负载钯（Pd）催化甲酸脱氢，评价了制备的多孔碳的增强性能，甲酸脱氢是氢安全储存和运输的关键反应。结果表明，当NaHCO3与KOH一起被空气活化时，NaHCO3比KOH对生物炭中孔发育更有效。以NaHCO3为碱活化剂，在空气/氮气混合流量（体积比为30/70）下，在700℃条件下，得到了具有发达的分层孔隙结构（SABET = 1013 m2 g−1,SAmeso/SABET = 33 %）的碳产物。碳的层次化孔结构使其成为钯催化剂的有效载体，因为层次化孔不仅增强了钯纳米粒子的分散性，而且是反应物进入催化剂颗粒内活性位点的快速通道。因此，当使用负载在这种分层多孔碳上的Pd催化剂时，实现了快速甲酸脱氢（TOF = 156 h−1）。

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