Biomass & Bioenergy最新文献_第8页

Preparation, functional modification and industrial application of nanocellulose aerogels – A comprehensive review 纳米纤维素气凝胶的制备、功能改性及工业应用综述

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107591

Qinghua Ji , Zhenqi Li , Linxi Su , Isaac Duah Boateng , Cunshan Zhou , Xianming Liu

Nanocellulose is a prospective material for preparing aerogels because of its straightforward surface modification, hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, and rich functional groups. The third-generation aerogel is an aerogel based on nanocellulose and has garnered widespread interest owing to its distinctive benefits, including a high specific surface area, three-dimensional structure, biodegradability, low density, renewability, and high porosity. This paper examines the fabrication and functional alteration of nanocellulose aerogels. The preparation of nanocellulose aerogel involves four primary steps: dissolving the nanocellulose, forming a gel, replacing the solvent in the wet gel, and drying the wet aerogel. The functional modification methods of nanocellulose aerogel mainly include mechanical functionalization, thermal functionalization, conductive functionalization, magnetic functionalization, and antibacterial functionalization. Functionalization enhances the nanocellulose composite aerogel's hydrophobicity, adsorption, mechanics, and antibacterial effects, while also endowing it with conductivity and electromagnetic shielding capabilities. This broadens its applicability and versatility in environmental protection. This paper offers an extensive overview of the progress achieved in nanocellulose aerogel research across various fields, such as adsorption, energy storage, sensing, thermal insulation, electromagnetic shielding, biomedicine, and more. In conclusion, the potential future developments and upcoming challenges facing nanocellulose aerogel are explored.

纳米纤维素具有表面改性简单、亲水性好、生物相容性好、官能团丰富等优点，是制备气凝胶的理想材料。第三代气凝胶是一种基于纳米纤维素的气凝胶，由于其独特的优点，包括高比表面积、三维结构、可生物降解、低密度、可再生和高孔隙率，已经引起了广泛的兴趣。本文研究了纳米纤维素气凝胶的制备及其功能改变。纳米纤维素气凝胶的制备包括四个基本步骤：溶解纳米纤维素，形成凝胶，替换湿凝胶中的溶剂，干燥湿气凝胶。纳米纤维素气凝胶的功能改性方法主要有机械功能化、热功能化、导电功能化、磁性功能化和抗菌功能化。功能化增强了纳米纤维素复合气凝胶的疏水性、吸附性能、力学性能和抗菌性能，同时赋予其导电性和电磁屏蔽能力。这扩大了其在环保方面的适用性和通用性。本文对纳米纤维素气凝胶在吸附、储能、传感、隔热、电磁屏蔽、生物医学等多个领域的研究进展进行了综述。最后，对纳米纤维素气凝胶的发展前景和面临的挑战进行了展望。

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引用次数: 0

Study on prediction models of oxygenated components content in biomass pyrolysis oil based on neural networks and random forests 基于神经网络和随机森林的生物质热解油含氧组分含量预测模型研究

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107601

Yuqian Zou, Hong Tian, Zhangjun Huang, Lei Liu, Yanni Xuan, Jingchao Dai, Liubao Nie

Biomass pyrolysis oil, as a renewable energy source, has significant application value, with the content of its oxygenated components being a critical parameter affecting its properties and utilization methods. This study investigates the prediction of oxygenated component content in biomass pyrolysis oil using two machine learning methods: neural networks and random forests. A large dataset of biomass pyrolysis oil samples was collected and analyzed for their oxygenated component content. Neural network and random forest techniques were used for model training and validation, and the dataset was split into training and testing sets (90 %) and (10 %), respectively. The experimental results indicate that both algorithms can accurately predict the oxygenated component content in biomass pyrolysis oil (R² > 0.81, RMSE <3.46). Additionally, the models' performance was assessed and contrasted, providing effective methods and references for predicting the oxygenated component content in biomass pyrolysis oil.

生物质热解油作为一种可再生能源，具有重要的应用价值，其含氧组分的含量是影响其性能和利用方法的关键参数。本研究利用神经网络和随机森林两种机器学习方法对生物质热解油中含氧组分含量进行预测。收集了大量生物质热解油样品数据，并对其含氧成分含量进行了分析。利用神经网络和随机森林技术进行模型训练和验证，将数据集分为训练集和测试集（90%）和测试集（10%）。实验结果表明，两种算法均能准确预测生物质热解油中含氧组分含量(R2 >；0.81, RMSE <3.46)。并对模型的性能进行了评价和对比，为预测生物质热解油中含氧组分含量提供了有效的方法和参考。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing biodiesel production: Energy efficiency and kinetic performance of microwave and ultrasonic transesterification vs. conventional techniques 优化生物柴油生产：微波和超声波酯交换与传统技术的能源效率和动力学性能

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107593

Abdallah S. Elgharbawy , M.A. Abdel-Kawi , I.H. Saleh , Mohamed A. Hanafy , Rehab M. Ali

This study explores the enhancement of biodiesel production via microwave- and ultrasonic-assisted transesterification, comparing their efficiencies against conventional methods using potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃) as a cost-effective heterogeneous catalyst. The results show that conventional transesterification, under optimal conditions (60 min, 12:1 methanol-to-oil (MTO) molar ratio, 2.5 wt% catalysts at 60 °C and 300 rpm), yields 90.7 % biodiesel while consuming 2574 kJ of energy. In contrast, microwave-assisted transesterification (6:1 MTO molar ratio, 1 wt% catalyst, 1 min) and ultrasonic-assisted transesterification (6:1 MTO molar ratio, 1 wt% catalyst, 15 min) achieved 90.7 % and 90.3 % biodiesel yields, respectively, while reducing energy consumption by 97.5 % and 85 %. The results prove that the microwave is the most effective technique for biodiesel production with minimum operating conditions, energy consumption, and the highest biodiesel specifications followed by the ultrasonic technique. Blending the produced biodiesel with petrodiesel reduced the CO exhaust emission from 0.18 to 0.11 vol % and HC exhaust emission from 47 to 32 ppm. This study affords a simple, cheap, available process that can be implemented to promote and facilitate the widespread production and adoption of biodiesel as a renewable energy source.

这项研究探讨了通过微波和超声波辅助酯交换法提高生物柴油的生产，比较了它们与使用碳酸钾（K₂CO₃）作为成本效益高的非均相催化剂的传统方法的效率。结果表明，在最佳条件下（60 min，甲醇与油（MTO）的摩尔比为12:1，催化剂质量分数为2.5 wt%，温度为60℃，转速为300 rpm），常规酯交换反应产率为90.7%，能耗为2574 kJ。相比之下，微波辅助酯交换反应（6∶1 MTO摩尔比，1 wt%催化剂，1 min）和超声波辅助酯交换反应（6∶1 MTO摩尔比，1 wt%催化剂，15 min）分别获得了90.7%和90.3%的生物柴油产率，同时降低了97.5%和85%的能耗。结果表明，微波技术是生产生物柴油最有效的技术，操作条件最小，能耗最小，生物柴油规格最高，其次是超声波技术。将生产的生物柴油与石油柴油混合后，CO排放量从0.18%降至0.11%，HC排放量从47 ppm降至32 ppm。这项研究提供了一种简单、廉价、可行的方法，可以促进和促进生物柴油作为可再生能源的广泛生产和采用。

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引用次数: 0

Simultaneous alkali/air activation for hierarchical pore development in biochar and its use as catalyst carrier for formic acid dehydrogenation 碱/空气同步活化生物炭分层孔隙发育及其作为甲酸脱氢催化剂载体的应用

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107549

Huiming Li, Yao Gui, Junhuan Zhang, Jianfa Li

Biochar provides an efficient strategy for making use of biomass residues, because it has shown to be a multifunctional material in energy and environmental applications. However, the underdeveloped porosity of biochar often makes it perform below potential. Herein, a novel activation method, namely simultaneous alkali/air activation, was tested for hierarchical pore development in biochar. The enhanced performance of the as-prepared porous carbon was evaluated by loading of palladium (Pd) for catalyzing formic acid dehydrogenation, a key reaction for the safe storage and transport of hydrogen. It was found that NaHCO₃ was more effective than KOH on mesopore development in biochar when it was activated by air together. The carbon product possessing developed hierarchical pore structure (SA_BET = 1013 m² g⁻¹, SA_meso/SA_BET = 33.0 %) was obtained at 700 °C, using NaHCO₃ as the alkali activator in a mixed air/nitrogen gas flow (30/70 by volume). The hierarchical pore structure of carbon made it a competent carrier of Pd catalyst, because the hierarchical pores not only enhanced the dispersion of Pd nanoparticles, but also served as the fast channels for the reactants to access the active sites intra catalyst particles. Therefore, the fast formic acid dehydrogenation (TOF = 156 h⁻¹) was achieved when using the Pd catalyst loaded on such a hierarchically porous carbon.

生物炭提供了一种有效的利用生物质残留物的策略，因为它在能源和环境应用中已被证明是一种多功能材料。然而，生物炭不发达的孔隙度往往使其性能低于潜力。本文采用碱/空气同步活化的方法，对生物炭的分层孔隙发育进行了实验研究。通过负载钯（Pd）催化甲酸脱氢，评价了制备的多孔碳的增强性能，甲酸脱氢是氢安全储存和运输的关键反应。结果表明，当NaHCO3与KOH一起被空气活化时，NaHCO3比KOH对生物炭中孔发育更有效。以NaHCO3为碱活化剂，在空气/氮气混合流量（体积比为30/70）下，在700℃条件下，得到了具有发达的分层孔隙结构（SABET = 1013 m2 g−1,SAmeso/SABET = 33 %）的碳产物。碳的层次化孔结构使其成为钯催化剂的有效载体，因为层次化孔不仅增强了钯纳米粒子的分散性，而且是反应物进入催化剂颗粒内活性位点的快速通道。因此，当使用负载在这种分层多孔碳上的Pd催化剂时，实现了快速甲酸脱氢（TOF = 156 h−1）。

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引用次数: 0

Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of biomass: Influence of feedstock and pyrolysis parameters on porous biochar properties 生物质微波辅助热解：原料和热解参数对多孔生物炭性质的影响

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107583

Tianhao Qiu , Chengxiang Li , Wenke Zhao , Muhammad Yasin Naz , Yaning Zhang

Pyrolysis of biomass produces syngas, bio-oil and biochar, among which biochar requires low pyrolysis temperature and it usually has good adsorption ability due to its complex porous structures. In this study, microwave-assisted pyrolysis of different kinds of biomass such as rice husk, peanut shell, and corn straw to produce biochar was investigated. The yields, specific surface areas (SSA), average pore diameters, and total pore volumes of biochars produced at different pyrolysis temperatures (700, 750, 800, 850, and 900 °C), microwave powers (400, 450, 500, 550, and 600 W), and residence times (60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min) were detailed. The biochar yields ranged in 30.76–43.28 wt%, 25.71–38.93 wt%, and 23.71–36.95 wt% for peanut shell, rice husk, and corn straw, respectively. With increase in pyrolysis temperature, microwave power or/and residence time, the yield of biochar decreased gradually and eventually became stable, while the SSA of 4.68–323.33 m²/g and total pore volume of 0.0085–0.2015 cc/g rose monotonously, and the average pore size of 2.19–16.55 nm decreased monotonously. The maximum SSA of 323.33 m²/g occurred at 900 °C, 500 W, and 120 min for corn straw. The proposed correlations for biochar pore structures and pyrolysis conditions will provide guidance for porous biochar production from biomass. Porous biochar can be widely used in soil remediation, environmental pollution control, high-performance catalyst/adsorbent research and development, etc. The accurate preparation of biochar with appropriate pore structure is of great significance to promote the efficient recovery and utilization of biomass resources.

生物质热解产生合成气、生物油和生物炭，其中生物炭热解温度低，且由于其复杂的多孔结构，通常具有良好的吸附能力。本研究研究了微波辅助热解稻壳、花生壳、玉米秸秆等不同种类生物质制备生物炭。详细分析了不同热解温度（700、750、800、850和900℃）、微波功率（400、450、500、550和600 W）和停留时间（60、90、120、150和180 min）下生物炭的产率、比表面积（SSA）、平均孔径和总孔体积。花生壳、稻壳和玉米秸秆的生物炭产量分别为30.76 ~ 43.28 wt%、25.71 ~ 38.93 wt%和23.71 ~ 36.95 wt%。随着热解温度、微波功率和停留时间的增加，生物炭产率逐渐下降并趋于稳定，SSA （4.68 ~ 323.33 m2/g）和总孔体积（0.0085 ~ 0.2015 cc/g）单调上升，平均孔径（2.19 ~ 16.55 nm）单调减小。玉米秸秆在900°C、500 W、120 min时的最大SSA为323.33 m2/g。提出的生物炭孔隙结构与热解条件的相关性将为生物质制备多孔生物炭提供指导。多孔生物炭可广泛应用于土壤修复、环境污染治理、高性能催化剂/吸附剂研发等领域。准确制备具有合适孔隙结构的生物炭，对促进生物质资源的高效回收利用具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Efficient transformation of starch food wastes into bio-based levulinate products over earth-abundant aluminum salts: Performances and economics 利用地球上丰富的铝盐有效地将淀粉食物垃圾转化为生物基乙酰丙酸盐产品：性能和经济性

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107570

Ke-Ming Li, Jia-Yue Chen, Yao Xiao, Feng-Shuo Guo, Yao-Bing Huang, Qiang Lu

This study presented the first example on the transformation of starch-rich food wastes (e.g. rice, potato, bread) into oxygenated chemicals, namely methyl levulinate (ML), over the cheap and earth-abundant metal salt catalysts. A variety of metal salts were systematically tested and Al₂(SO₄)₃ exhibited the best catalytic reactivity for the alcoholysis reaction, offering a 51.5 mol% yield of ML in the conversion of rice waste powder in the methanol/water mixture solvent. A series of different food wastes were successfully converted to ML with different product yields (17.3–51.5 mol%). The reaction parameters were systematically optimized to reveal their influences on the product yields. The catalyst recycling procedure was proposed to recycle and reuse the reagents involved in the system. Finally, a preliminary economic analysis of the system was also included.

本研究首次展示了利用廉价且富含地球资源的金属盐催化剂将富含淀粉的食物废料（如大米、马铃薯和面包）转化为含氧化学品（即乙酰丙酸甲酯）的实例。对多种金属盐进行了系统测试，Al2(SO4)3 在醇解反应中表现出最佳的催化反应活性，在甲醇/水混合溶剂中转化大米废料粉末时，ML 的产率为 51.5 摩尔%。一系列不同的厨余成功转化为 ML，产物收率各不相同（17.3-51.5 摩尔%）。对反应参数进行了系统优化，以揭示其对产品收率的影响。还提出了催化剂回收程序，以回收和再利用系统中涉及的试剂。最后，还对该系统进行了初步的经济分析。

引用次数: 0

Oxygen carrier aided combustion with copper smelter slag as bed material in a semi-commercial wood-fired circulating fluidized bed 以铜冶炼渣为床料的氧载体辅助燃烧半商用燃木循环流化床

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107565

Felicia Störner , Robin Faust , Pavleta Knutsson , Magnus Rydén

Fluidized bed combustion (FBC) is a well-established technology in Sweden for the conversion of biomass and waste-derived fuels. Recent research has shown that the process can be upgraded by using oxygen-carrying bed material, for example in the form of iron oxide-containing minerals and slags. The concept, called Oxygen Carrier Aided Combustion (OCAC), has demonstrated enhanced oxygen distribution and thermal efficiency in commercial boilers, using the iron-titanium ore ilmenite as oxygen carrier. This study demonstrates the first large-scale utilization of a commercial copper slag product (Järnsand) as oxygen carrier in a 12 MW_th circulating fluidized bed boiler. By exchanging between 21 and 100 % of the silica sand bed with Järnsand it was possible to successfully reduce the air-to-fuel ratio from 1.2 down to 1.08 with CO emissions remaining low, at concentrations of around 20 mg/nm³ at 6 % O₂. In contrast, an air-to-fuel ratio of 1.08 with silica sand bed gave a 5-min average CO concentration of 800 mg/nm³ at 6 % O₂. The NO emissions were also reduced by about 30 % with the introduction of Järnsand. For 3.5 days of the campaign, the boiler was operated with a 100 % Järnsand bed without any bed material regeneration. K was absorbed by Järnsand, and a K concentration of 3.5 wt.-% was reached. No agglomeration or increasing CO emissions were observed. K-saturation was not reached, and a longer lifetime than the studied 3.5 days is suggested. In conclusion, similar performance as ilmenite is suggested for Järnsand as an oxygen carrier in OCAC operation.

流化床燃烧（FBC）是瑞典一项成熟的生物质和废物衍生燃料转化技术。最近的研究表明，该工艺可以通过使用含氧床材料来升级，例如以含铁矿物和炉渣的形式。这个概念被称为氧载体辅助燃烧（OCAC），已经证明了在商业锅炉中，使用铁钛矿钛铁矿作为氧载体，可以增强氧的分布和热效率。本研究首次在12mth循环流化床锅炉上大规模利用商业铜渣产品（Järnsand）作为氧载体。通过与Järnsand交换21%至100%的硅砂床，可以成功地将空气与燃料的比率从1.2降至1.08，同时在6% O2浓度约为20 mg/nm3的情况下，CO排放量仍然很低。相比之下，二氧化硅砂床的空气燃料比为1.08，在6% O2条件下，5分钟的平均CO浓度为800 mg/nm3。引入Järnsand后，NO的排放量也减少了约30%。在3.5天的活动中，锅炉在100% Järnsand床上运行，没有任何床料再生。通过Järnsand吸附K， K的浓度达到3.5 wt.-%。没有观测到CO的聚集或增加。没有达到钾饱和，寿命比研究的3.5天更长。综上所述，Järnsand作为OCAC操作中的氧载体具有与钛铁矿相似的性能。

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引用次数: 0

Valorization of lignocellulosic biomass forest residues in quebec via the integrated hydropyrolysis and hydroconversion (IH2) technology: A review 利用综合加氢热解和加氢转化（IH2）技术对魁北克木质纤维素生物质森林残留物的增值研究进展

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107516

Aravind Ganesan, Olivier Rezazgui, Jimmy Barco Burgos, Patrice J. Mangin, Simon Barnabé

Lignocellulosic biomass residues from Quebec's forests, such as branches and logging residues, can be thermochemically converted into hydrocarbons-rich renewable fuels, offering a sustainable alternative to fossil oil in transportation. Integrated Hydropyrolysis and Hydroconversion (IH²) has emerged as a promising biorefinery technology for transforming diverse biomass feedstocks into bio-oil with properties akin to petroleum, achieving approximately 45 % carbon conversion and 27 wt% bio-oil yield. Optimal conditions for catalytic fast hydropyrolysis (CFHP) include temperatures of 400–450 °C, hydrogen pressures of 20–30 bar, and biomass heating rates of 100–500 °C/min. For the catalytic hydroconversion (CHC) stage, lower temperatures of 250–400 °C with similar hydrogen pressures are beneficial. To enhance bio-oil quality and yield, feed particle sizes below 1 mm are recommended for enhanced heat transfer. While clean hydrogen for IH² could be produced from electrolysis and biomass, an alternative co-CFHP process using hydrogen-rich bio-based solvents, UEO, and waste plastics can mitigate the need for external hydrogen, high pressures, and complex setups. This can be operated with or without an optional hydrotreatment stage based on required product specifications. The results highlight some potential catalyst alternatives to TMS like TMO, TMP, TMN, and TMC that could improve deoxygenation efficiency and reduce associated challenges. Carbonaceous supports like biochars can replace conventional Al₂O₃ and achieve better performance w.r.t coking, surface functionalities, metal dispersibility, and sensitivity to deoxygenation by-products. Additionally, fluidized bed reactors are suggested for their scalability and effectiveness in facilitating consistent reactions. Overall, this study underscores the viability of IH² and identifies critical areas for further research to achieve demonstration-scale feasibility.

来自魁北克森林的木质纤维素生物质残留物，如树枝和伐木残留物，可以通过热化学转化为富含碳氢化合物的可再生燃料，为交通运输提供了化石石油的可持续替代品。综合加氢热解和加氢转化（IH2）已经成为一种有前途的生物炼制技术，可以将各种生物质原料转化为具有类似石油性质的生物油，实现约45%的碳转化率和27%的生物油收率。催化快速加氢热解（CFHP）的最佳条件包括温度400-450°C，氢气压力20-30 bar，生物质加热速率100-500°C/min。对于催化加氢转化（CHC）阶段，250-400℃的较低温度和相似的氢压力是有益的。为了提高生物油的质量和产量，建议饲料颗粒尺寸小于1毫米，以增强传热。虽然IH2的清洁氢可以从电解和生物质中产生，但另一种使用富氢生物基溶剂、UEO和废塑料的co-CFHP工艺可以减轻对外部氢、高压和复杂设置的需求。根据所需的产品规格，可选配加氢处理级或不选配加氢处理级。研究结果强调了TMO、TMP、TMN和TMC等潜在的TMS催化剂替代品可以提高脱氧效率并减少相关挑战。像生物炭这样的碳质载体可以取代传统的Al2O3，并且在焦化、表面功能、金属分散性和对脱氧副产物的敏感性方面具有更好的性能。此外，流化床反应器因其可扩展性和促进一致反应的有效性而被推荐。总的来说，这项研究强调了IH2的可行性，并确定了进一步研究的关键领域，以实现示范规模的可行性。

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引用次数: 0

Thermo-catalytic depolymerization of lignin over Pd-based catalysts: Role of catalyst support on monoaromatics selectivity pd基催化剂上木质素的热催化解聚：催化剂载体对单芳烃选择性的作用

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107547

José R. Colina , Maray Ortega , Jose Norambuena-Contreras , Stef Ghysels , Frederik Ronsse , Luis E. Arteaga-Pérez

The condensed structure of technical lignin presents significant challenges in converting it into valuable functionalized building blocks, such as single-ring aromatics. In this study, we explored how palladium-based catalysts influence the selectivity of monoaromatics during the fast pyrolysis depolymerization of lignin. A systematic study on the influence of the pyrolysis temperature (500 < T < 700 °C) and catalyst support nature (SiO₂, Al₂O₃ and Carbon) was carried out by analytical pyrolysis. Creosol and guaiacol were the predominant species after non-catalytic and Pd/SiO₂ catalyzed pyrolysis of Kraft lignin. However, when Pd/C and Pd/Al₂O₃ were applied, the selectivity to monoaromatics increased drastically, to 50.9 % and 34.4 %, respectively. The catalytic activity of Pd/C and Pd/Al₂O₃ was ascribed to the presence of medium and weak acid sites in the supports, which provides active sites for phenolics adsorption and deoxygenation. Additionally, metallic Pd sites activated the C-O and H₂ bonds to further assist deoxygenation reactions, thus inducing a bifunctionality to these materials. This study offers valuable insights into the bifunctional effects of supported catalyst during the thermo-catalytic depolymerization of lignin.

技术木质素的凝聚结构在将其转化为有价值的功能化构建块（如单环芳烃）方面提出了重大挑战。在这项研究中，我们探讨了钯基催化剂如何影响木质素快速热解解聚过程中单芳烃的选择性。系统研究了热解温度(500 <；T & lt;700°C)和催化剂负载性质（SiO2、Al2O3和Carbon）通过分析热解进行了表征。非催化和Pd/SiO2催化牛皮纸木质素热解后，其优势组分为Creosol和愈创木酚。而Pd/C和Pd/Al2O3对单芳烃的选择性显著提高，分别达到50.9%和34.4%。Pd/C和Pd/Al2O3的催化活性归因于载体中存在中弱酸位，为酚类物质的吸附和脱氧提供了活性位点。此外，金属Pd位点激活了C-O和H2键，进一步辅助脱氧反应，从而诱导了这些材料的双功能。该研究为木质素热催化解聚过程中负载型催化剂的双功能效应提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Biochar in sustainable agriculture and Climate Mitigation: Mechanisms, challenges, and applications in the circular bioeconomy 生物炭在可持续农业和气候减缓中的作用：机制、挑战和在循环生物经济中的应用

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107531

Abdul Waheed, Hailiang Xu, Xu Qiao, Aishajiang Aili, Yeernazhaer Yiremaikebayi, Dou Haitao, Murad Muhammad

Biochar, a carbon-rich material produced through the pyrolysis of biomass, has gained significant attention for its potential in sustainable agriculture, environmental management, and climate change mitigation. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the latest research on biochar production, characterization, and its roles in enhancing soil health and agricultural productivity, focusing on novel insights and emerging applications. Biochar improves soil structure, nutrient retention, water-holding capacity, and microbial activity, benefiting degraded soils such as acidic, sandy, and nutrient-poor soils, which are prone to poor water retention and nutrient leaching. Studies have shown that biochars produced from wood and agricultural residues are particularly effective for long-term carbon sequestration and improving soil fertility. Furthermore, biochar has demonstrated significant impacts on boosting crop yields, with some studies reporting up to a 30 % increase in yields for crops grown in nutrient-poor soils. Biochar sequesters carbon for centuries, reduces greenhouse gas emissions (e.g., nitrous oxide by up to 50 %), and mitigates water contamination by adsorbing excess nutrients and heavy metals. Despite these benefits, large-scale biochar application faces challenges, including variable effectiveness across soil types and climates, high production and transport costs, and the need for standardized production methods. This review emphasizes the integration of biochar into waste management and bioenergy systems, aligning it with the principles of a circular bioeconomy. It also underscores the importance of further research to optimize production processes, assess long-term impacts on soil health and crop productivity, and explore biochar's role in enhancing resource efficiency and addressing critical agricultural and environmental challenges.

生物炭是一种通过生物质热解产生的富含碳的材料，因其在可持续农业、环境管理和减缓气候变化方面的潜力而受到广泛关注。本文综述了生物炭的生产、表征及其在提高土壤健康和农业生产力中的作用的最新研究，重点介绍了新的见解和新兴的应用。生物炭改善了土壤结构、养分保持力、保水能力和微生物活性，有利于酸性、沙质和营养不良土壤等退化土壤，这些土壤容易出现保水能力差和养分淋失。研究表明，由木材和农业残留物产生的生物炭对长期固碳和改善土壤肥力特别有效。此外，生物炭已证明对提高作物产量有重大影响，一些研究报告称，在营养贫乏的土壤中种植的作物产量可增加30%。生物炭可以将碳封存几个世纪，减少温室气体排放（例如减少高达50%的一氧化二氮），并通过吸附过量的营养物质和重金属来减轻水污染。尽管有这些好处，大规模生物炭应用面临着挑战，包括不同土壤类型和气候的不同效果，高生产和运输成本，以及对标准化生产方法的需求。这篇综述强调将生物炭整合到废物管理和生物能源系统中，使其与循环生物经济的原则保持一致。它还强调了进一步研究以优化生产过程、评估对土壤健康和作物生产力的长期影响以及探索生物炭在提高资源效率和应对关键农业和环境挑战方面的作用的重要性。

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引用次数: 0