Biomass & Bioenergy最新文献_第8页

Enzyme-driven microbial valorisation of agri-residues: From waste to sustainable bio-based products 农业残留物的酶驱动微生物增值：从废物到可持续的生物基产品

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109000

Atif Khurshid Wani , Zehra Khan , Noureddine Elboughdiri , Jaskaran Singh , Karim Kriaa , Chemseddine Maatki , Wajid Mohammad Sheikh , Umesh Goutam

Waste generation continues to increase with population growth and intensified farming activities. The improper disposal of agricultural residues through open burning, dumping, or landfilling leads to greenhouse gas emissions, and environmental degradation. Agri-residues, including husks, straws, peels, and processing by-products, hold substantial potential for value-added utilisation. Given their high organic content, they serve as excellent substrates for microbial biotransformation, a process that converts waste into value-added bio-based products such as biopolymers, bioenergy, biofertilizers and so on. Microbial enzymes play a vital role in facilitating efficient bioconversion and improving product yield. This review article provides an overview of recent advancements in microbial biotransformation of agricultural waste, emphasizing the underlying mechanisms and potential applications. Bacillus sp., Trichoderma sp., Lactobacillus sp., Aspergillus sp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae are widely used and extensively researched species due to their high fermentation efficiency, substrate adaptability, and well-established industrial use. Microbial enzymes such as cellulase, laccase, amylase, xylanase, ligninase proved efficiency and feasibility in valorisation in multiple studies. By transforming residues into high-value products, this approach contributes significantly to advancing a circular and resource-efficient bioeconomy, promoting environmental sustainability alongside economic development. The discussion also encompasses both the prevailing challenges and the prospective advancements of this sustainable strategy.

随着人口的增长和农业活动的加剧，废物的产生继续增加。通过露天焚烧、倾倒或填埋等方式不当处理农业残留物，导致温室气体排放和环境退化。农业残留物，包括谷壳、秸秆、果皮和加工副产品，具有巨大的增值利用潜力。由于它们的高有机含量，它们是微生物生物转化的优良底物，这一过程将废物转化为增值的生物基产品，如生物聚合物、生物能源、生物肥料等。微生物酶在促进高效生物转化和提高产品产量方面起着至关重要的作用。本文综述了农业废弃物微生物转化研究的最新进展，重点介绍了微生物转化的机制和潜在应用。Bacillus sp.、Trichoderma sp.、Lactobacillus sp.、Aspergillus sp.、Saccharomyces cerevisiae因其发酵效率高、对底物适应性强、工业应用广泛而被广泛使用和研究。纤维素酶、漆酶、淀粉酶、木聚糖酶、木质素酶等微生物酶在多次研究中证明了其有效性和可行性。通过将残留物转化为高价值产品，这种方法有助于推进循环和资源节约型生物经济，在经济发展的同时促进环境的可持续性。讨论还包括当前的挑战和这一可持续战略的预期进展。

{"title":"Enzyme-driven microbial valorisation of agri-residues: From waste to sustainable bio-based products","authors":"Atif Khurshid Wani , Zehra Khan , Noureddine Elboughdiri , Jaskaran Singh , Karim Kriaa , Chemseddine Maatki , Wajid Mohammad Sheikh , Umesh Goutam","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Waste generation continues to increase with population growth and intensified farming activities. The improper disposal of agricultural residues through open burning, dumping, or landfilling leads to greenhouse gas emissions, and environmental degradation. Agri-residues, including husks, straws, peels, and processing by-products, hold substantial potential for value-added utilisation. Given their high organic content, they serve as excellent substrates for microbial biotransformation, a process that converts waste into value-added bio-based products such as biopolymers, bioenergy, biofertilizers and so on. Microbial enzymes play a vital role in facilitating efficient bioconversion and improving product yield. This review article provides an overview of recent advancements in microbial biotransformation of agricultural waste, emphasizing the underlying mechanisms and potential applications. <em>Bacillus</em> sp., <em>Trichoderma sp., Lactobacillus</em> sp., <em>Aspergillu</em>s sp., <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> are widely used and extensively researched species due to their high fermentation efficiency, substrate adaptability, and well-established industrial use. Microbial enzymes such as cellulase, laccase, amylase, xylanase, ligninase proved efficiency and feasibility in valorisation in multiple studies. By transforming residues into high-value products, this approach contributes significantly to advancing a circular and resource-efficient bioeconomy, promoting environmental sustainability alongside economic development. The discussion also encompasses both the prevailing challenges and the prospective advancements of this sustainable strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 109000"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of activation route and doping on porosity and nitrogen retention on natural fibers 活化途径和掺杂对天然纤维孔隙率和氮潴留的影响

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108992

P.J. Arauzo , M. Checa-Gómez , J. De Smedt , A. Van Cleemput , P.A. Maziarka , S.A. Nicolae , F. Ronsse

In this study, the effect of urea and asparagine as potential N-doping precursors was compared in both one-step (activation) and two-step processes (hydrothermal carbonization + activation) using natural fibers (Kapok) as a precursor. The resulting activated carbons (ACs) were characterized for surface functional groups (FTIR and XPS), specific surface area (SSA, m²/g) and surface morphology. A comprehensive analytical approach was used to assess the surface chemistry, nitrogen speciation, and porosity development of the materials. Respect to dopant selection, urea doped materials led to a better N incorporation and higher specific surface area than those with asparagine. AC-HTC-600-U exhibited higher SSA (approximately 350 m²/g) and N-pyridine and N-pyrrolic species compared to AC-HTC-800-U (approximately 150 m²/g), while AC-HTC-800 showed higher N-graphitic species. Discrepancies between XPS and elemental analysis suggested a heterogeneous N distribution, associated to the dopant decomposition mechanism. Furthermore, SSA decay between 600 °C and 800 °C may support the microstructure collapse, highlighting the importance of a deep DFT analysis of the pore structure. These findings underscore the importance of dopant selection and temperature control in tailoring nitrogen retention and pore development in biomass-derived carbons and provide process-carbon structure pathway for designing sustainable N-doped porous carbons for supercapacitor electrodes and related energy-storage applications.

本研究以天然纤维（木棉）为前驱体，比较了尿素和天冬酰胺作为n掺杂前驱体在一步法（活化）和两步法（水热碳化+活化）中的作用。对活性炭的表面官能团（FTIR和XPS）、比表面积（SSA, m2/g）和表面形貌进行了表征。综合分析方法用于评估材料的表面化学，氮形态和孔隙度发展。在掺杂剂选择方面，尿素掺杂材料比天冬酰胺掺杂材料更有利于氮素的掺入和更高的比表面积。AC-HTC-600-U比AC-HTC-800- u（约150 m2/g）表现出更高的SSA（约350 m2/g）和n -吡啶和n -吡啶类物质，而AC-HTC-800表现出更高的n -石墨类物质。XPS和元素分析的差异表明氮的分布不均，这与掺杂剂的分解机制有关。此外，SSA在600°C和800°C之间的衰减可能支持微观结构的崩溃，突出了孔隙结构的深度DFT分析的重要性。这些发现强调了掺杂剂选择和温度控制在调整生物质衍生碳的氮保留和孔隙发育中的重要性，并为超级电容器电极和相关储能应用设计可持续的n掺杂多孔碳提供了工艺碳结构途径。

{"title":"Effects of activation route and doping on porosity and nitrogen retention on natural fibers","authors":"P.J. Arauzo , M. Checa-Gómez , J. De Smedt , A. Van Cleemput , P.A. Maziarka , S.A. Nicolae , F. Ronsse","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the effect of urea and asparagine as potential N-doping precursors was compared in both one-step (activation) and two-step processes (hydrothermal carbonization + activation) using natural fibers (Kapok) as a precursor. The resulting activated carbons (ACs) were characterized for surface functional groups (FTIR and XPS), specific surface area (SSA, m<sup>2</sup>/g) and surface morphology. A comprehensive analytical approach was used to assess the surface chemistry, nitrogen speciation, and porosity development of the materials. Respect to dopant selection, urea doped materials led to a better N incorporation and higher specific surface area than those with asparagine. AC-HTC-600-U exhibited higher SSA (approximately 350 m<sup>2</sup>/g) and N-pyridine and N-pyrrolic species compared to AC-HTC-800-U (approximately 150 m<sup>2</sup>/g), while AC-HTC-800 showed higher N-graphitic species. Discrepancies between XPS and elemental analysis suggested a heterogeneous N distribution, associated to the dopant decomposition mechanism. Furthermore, SSA decay between 600 °C and 800 °C may support the microstructure collapse, highlighting the importance of a deep DFT analysis of the pore structure. These findings underscore the importance of dopant selection and temperature control in tailoring nitrogen retention and pore development in biomass-derived carbons and provide process-carbon structure pathway for designing sustainable N-doped porous carbons for supercapacitor electrodes and related energy-storage applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 108992"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Glucose-driven uncoupling of methanogenesis from acidogenesis to generate carboxylates in anaerobic digestion: Insights into microbial dynamics and operational parameters 厌氧消化中葡萄糖驱动的产甲烷解耦从产酸到产生羧酸：微生物动力学和操作参数的见解

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108990

Hye Won Kim , Wangsuk Oh , Ping Liu , Xiao Su , Roderick I. Mackie

Anaerobic digestion is a process for resource recovery used to produce biogas. However, research focus has shifted toward producing valuable carboxylates due to low natural gas costs. This study uncoupled methanogenesis from acidogenesis by adding glucose as an external carbon source to maintain low pH and enable stable carboxylate production in bioreactors inoculated with beef cattle waste. The central pattern observed involves glucose utilization converted predominantly to lactate or acetate inhibiting methanogenesis. Shorter retention times (5 vs. 20 days) increased total acid production (53.5 vs. 49.7 g/L), especially lactate and butyrate, while recirculation changed acid profiles toward acetate (about 30–60 % increases). Adjustment of pH from acidic (pH 4.0) to neutral (pH 6.5) enhanced total acid accumulation (up to 58.0 g/L) with acetate as a dominant product, whereas lactate production significantly decreased by about 80 %. Chemical oxygen demand analysis also showed improved carbon conversion with recirculation and pH adjustment, which highlights their role in enhancing carboxylate yields. Microbial community analysis revealed Bacillota (49.4–63.8 %) – Bacilli (33.9–64.7 %) – Bacillus (4.3–35.8 %) as the predominant taxa. Lactic acid bacteria played an important role in early lactate production. Methanogens were detected early, indicating successful inhibition of methanogenesis in later phases. Network analysis further identified Clostridia and Dysgonomonas as major contributors to acetate production and linked Lactiplantibacillus to lactate accumulation. These findings highlight operational parameters in carboxylate profiles and microbial dynamics during anaerobic fermentation with glucose as an external carbon source. We suggest that this mechanism would also apply to any other soluble, rapidly fermented carbohydrate substrate source.

厌氧消化是一种用于生产沼气的资源回收过程。然而，由于天然气成本低，研究重点已转向生产有价值的羧酸盐。本研究通过添加葡萄糖作为外部碳源，在接种牛粪的生物反应器中维持低pH值，并使羧酸盐生产稳定，从而将产甲烷与产酸分离。观察到的中心模式涉及葡萄糖利用主要转化为乳酸或醋酸盐抑制甲烷生成。较短的保留时间（5天vs. 20天）增加了总酸产量（53.5 g/L vs. 49.7 g/L），尤其是乳酸和丁酸盐，而再循环改变了醋酸盐的酸谱（约增加30 - 60%）。将pH值从酸性（pH 4.0）调整为中性（pH 6.5），增加了总酸积累（高达58.0 g/L），乙酸为主要产物，而乳酸产量显著减少约80%。化学需氧量分析还表明，再循环和pH调节可以提高碳转化率，这突出了它们在提高羧酸盐收率方面的作用。微生物区系分析显示，Bacillota (49.4 ~ 63.8%) - Bacilli (33.9 ~ 64.7%) - Bacillus（4.3 ~ 35.8%）为优势类群。乳酸菌在早期乳酸生产中起着重要作用。早期检测到产甲烷菌，表明在后期成功抑制了产甲烷。网络分析进一步确定梭状芽胞杆菌和厌糖单胞菌是醋酸盐生产的主要贡献者，乳酸杆菌与乳酸积累有关。这些发现突出了在葡萄糖作为外部碳源的厌氧发酵中羧酸盐剖面和微生物动力学的操作参数。我们认为这一机制也适用于任何其他可溶性的、快速发酵的碳水化合物底物来源。

{"title":"Glucose-driven uncoupling of methanogenesis from acidogenesis to generate carboxylates in anaerobic digestion: Insights into microbial dynamics and operational parameters","authors":"Hye Won Kim , Wangsuk Oh , Ping Liu , Xiao Su , Roderick I. Mackie","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anaerobic digestion is a process for resource recovery used to produce biogas. However, research focus has shifted toward producing valuable carboxylates due to low natural gas costs. This study uncoupled methanogenesis from acidogenesis by adding glucose as an external carbon source to maintain low pH and enable stable carboxylate production in bioreactors inoculated with beef cattle waste. The central pattern observed involves glucose utilization converted predominantly to lactate or acetate inhibiting methanogenesis. Shorter retention times (5 vs. 20 days) increased total acid production (53.5 vs. 49.7 g/L), especially lactate and butyrate, while recirculation changed acid profiles toward acetate (about 30–60 % increases). Adjustment of pH from acidic (pH 4.0) to neutral (pH 6.5) enhanced total acid accumulation (up to 58.0 g/L) with acetate as a dominant product, whereas lactate production significantly decreased by about 80 %. Chemical oxygen demand analysis also showed improved carbon conversion with recirculation and pH adjustment, which highlights their role in enhancing carboxylate yields. Microbial community analysis revealed Bacillota (49.4–63.8 %) – Bacilli (33.9–64.7 %) – <em>Bacillus</em> (4.3–35.8 %) as the predominant taxa. Lactic acid bacteria played an important role in early lactate production. Methanogens were detected early, indicating successful inhibition of methanogenesis in later phases. Network analysis further identified Clostridia and Dysgonomonas as major contributors to acetate production and linked <em>Lactiplantibacillus</em> to lactate accumulation. These findings highlight operational parameters in carboxylate profiles and microbial dynamics during anaerobic fermentation with glucose as an external carbon source. We suggest that this mechanism would also apply to any other soluble, rapidly fermented carbohydrate substrate source.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 108990"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trade-offs and synergies in nitrogen management for fodder sorghum: enhancing yield, energy efficiency, and carbon budgeting 饲料高粱氮素管理的权衡与协同效应：提高产量、能源效率和碳预算

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108981

Mohd Arif , R. Pourouchottamane , Ravindra Kumar , Arvind Kumar , Mohammad Hasanain , B. Rai , M.K. Singh , A.K. Dixit , Rakesh Kumar , Vijay Singh Meena , Raghavendra Singh , Sunita Kumari Meena , Vinod Kumar Singh

Efficient nitrogen (N) management is critical for improving productivity and environmental sustainability in fodder-based production systems. This research evaluated the impact of different N-sources [inorganic (urea), organic (vermicompost-VC and poultry manure-PM)], and their combinations on yield, energy use efficiency, and carbon budgeting in fodder sorghum. A two-year field experiment (2021–2022) was conducted using nine treatments in a randomized block design. The treatment combining 75 % N from urea with 25 % from VC produced the highest green fodder yield (50.32 t ha⁻¹) and dry fodder yield (10.33 t ha⁻¹), representing a 30.60 % and 42.68 % increase, respectively, over 100 % N from urea. Energy input was highest in the full urea treatment (14,774 MJ ha⁻¹) and lowest in PM (9704 MJ ha⁻¹). The integrated 75:25 urea-VC treatment achieved the highest energy use efficiency. Carbon emission analysis showed nutrient management as the largest contributor (∼49 %) to emissions, with maximum emissions from urea (912 kg CO₂-e ha⁻¹) and minimum from PM (396 kg CO₂-e ha⁻¹). The integrated treatment also recorded the highest net carbon gain and carbon output. Overall, integrating organic manures, especially VC (vermicompost) with chemical fertilizers optimizes sorghum fodder yield, improves energy use efficiency, and significantly reduces carbon emissions. These findings offer scalable, climate-resilient solutions for tropical and subtropical forage production systems and contribute meaningfully to global efforts toward net-zero agriculture, emission reduction, and United Nations Sustainable Development Goals related to climate action and sustainable food systems.

有效的氮管理对于提高饲料生产系统的生产力和环境可持续性至关重要。本研究评价了不同氮源[无机（尿素）、有机（蚯蚓堆肥- vc和禽粪- pm）]及其组合对饲用高粱产量、能量利用效率和碳预算的影响。为期两年的田间试验（2021-2022）采用随机区组设计，采用9个处理。75%尿素施氮与25% VC施氮组合处理青饲料产量最高（50.32 t ha - 1），干饲料产量最高（10.33 t ha - 1），比100%尿素施氮分别提高30.60%和42.68%。全尿素处理的能量输入最高（14774 MJ ha - 1）， PM处理的能量输入最低（9704 MJ ha - 1）。75:25尿素- vc综合处理获得最高的能量利用效率。碳排放分析显示，养分管理是碳排放的最大贡献者（~ 49%），其中尿素排放量最大（912 kg CO2-e ha - 1）， PM排放量最小（396 kg CO2-e ha - 1）。综合处理也记录了最高的净碳增益和碳输出。综上所述，有机肥特别是蚯蚓堆肥与化肥配合施用可优化高粱饲料产量，提高能源利用效率，显著降低碳排放。这些发现为热带和亚热带饲料生产系统提供了可扩展的、具有气候适应性的解决方案，并为实现净零农业、减排和与气候行动和可持续粮食系统相关的联合国可持续发展目标的全球努力做出了有意义的贡献。

{"title":"Trade-offs and synergies in nitrogen management for fodder sorghum: enhancing yield, energy efficiency, and carbon budgeting","authors":"Mohd Arif , R. Pourouchottamane , Ravindra Kumar , Arvind Kumar , Mohammad Hasanain , B. Rai , M.K. Singh , A.K. Dixit , Rakesh Kumar , Vijay Singh Meena , Raghavendra Singh , Sunita Kumari Meena , Vinod Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108981","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient nitrogen (N) management is critical for improving productivity and environmental sustainability in fodder-based production systems. This research evaluated the impact of different N-sources [inorganic (urea), organic (vermicompost-VC and poultry manure-PM)], and their combinations on yield, energy use efficiency, and carbon budgeting in fodder sorghum. A two-year field experiment (2021–2022) was conducted using nine treatments in a randomized block design. The treatment combining 75 % N from urea with 25 % from VC produced the highest green fodder yield (50.32 t ha<sup>−1</sup>) and dry fodder yield (10.33 t ha<sup>−1</sup>), representing a 30.60 % and 42.68 % increase, respectively, over 100 % N from urea. Energy input was highest in the full urea treatment (14,774 MJ ha<sup>−1</sup>) and lowest in PM (9704 MJ ha<sup>−1</sup>). The integrated 75:25 urea-VC treatment achieved the highest energy use efficiency. Carbon emission analysis showed nutrient management as the largest contributor (∼49 %) to emissions, with maximum emissions from urea (912 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-e ha<sup>−1</sup>) and minimum from PM (396 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-e ha<sup>−1</sup>). The integrated treatment also recorded the highest net carbon gain and carbon output. Overall, integrating organic manures, especially VC (vermicompost) with chemical fertilizers optimizes sorghum fodder yield, improves energy use efficiency, and significantly reduces carbon emissions. These findings offer scalable, climate-resilient solutions for tropical and subtropical forage production systems and contribute meaningfully to global efforts toward net-zero agriculture, emission reduction, and United Nations Sustainable Development Goals related to climate action and sustainable food systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 108981"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electrochemical characterization of biochar-based supercapacitor electrodes produced from gasification of cashew nut shells 腰果壳气化制备生物炭基超级电容器电极的电化学表征

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108922

Manoj Prabhakar K. , V.M. Jaganathan , C. Nithya , Sodha Meetrajsingh , Thanigai Arul Kumaravelu , Chung-Li Dong

This study presents a novel, first-of-its-kind synthesis and comprehensive characterization of cashew nutshell (CNS)-derived biochar for supercapacitor (SC) applications via a single-step, self-sustained gasification process, wherein no secondary or energy-intensive post-treatments - such as chemical activation, physical activation involving high-temperature steam or CO

_{2},

or hydrothermal activation - were employed. Instead, biochar generated as a by-product from conventional medium- to large-scale gasification was directly valorized using a canonical laboratory-scale batch-type reactor that closely replicates the operating principles and reaction environment of commercial downdraft gasifiers, ensuring both technological relevance and scalability. Two CNS biochar’s synthesized under different air superficial velocities (5 cm/s and 20 cm/s) were systematically investigated. Structural and chemical characterization using X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the amorphous carbon framework, while synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy revealed a lower unoccupied density of states in the C 2p

π

* orbital and a higher degree of carbon disorder in CNS-5 compared to CNS-20. Electrochemical performance was rigorously evaluated through a comprehensive three-electrode configuration and validated using a two-electrode symmetric cell, providing a realistic assessment of device-level performance. The CNS-5 electrode exhibited a high specific capacitance of 186 F/g along with excellent electrochemical durability, retaining 137% of its capacitance after 10,000 charge–discharge cycles at 5 A/g. Furthermore, a symmetric supercapacitor assembled using CNS-5 with 6 M KOH electrolyte and operated within a 1 V potential window delivered a specific capacitance of 38 F/g, a maximum power density of 1503 W/kg, and an energy density of 5.4 Wh/kg. Overall, this work demonstrates a novel, scalable, and sustainable gasification-enabled route for producing functional biochar electrodes, paving the way for green and a self-sustaining circular energy-materials supply chain.

本研究提出了一种新颖的、首创的腰果壳（CNS）衍生生物炭的合成和综合表征，通过单步、自持气化过程用于超级电容器（SC）应用，其中没有二次或能源密集型后处理-如化学活化、涉及高温蒸汽或二氧化碳的物理活化或水热活化-被采用。相反，生物炭作为传统中大型气化的副产品，直接使用标准的实验室规模间歇式反应器进行气化，该反应器密切复制了商业下吸式气化炉的工作原理和反应环境，确保了技术的相关性和可扩展性。对两种不同空气表面速度（5 cm/s和20 cm/s）下的CNS生物炭的合成进行了系统研究。x射线衍射和拉曼光谱的结构和化学表征证实了CNS-5的非晶态碳骨架，而基于同步加速器的x射线吸收光谱显示，CNS-5的c2p π*轨道的未占据态密度较低，碳无序程度较高。电化学性能通过全面的三电极配置进行严格评估，并使用双电极对称电池进行验证，提供了对设备级性能的现实评估。CNS-5电极具有186 F/g的高比电容和优异的电化学耐久性，在5 a /g的条件下，在10,000次充放电循环后仍能保持137%的电容。此外，CNS-5在6 M KOH电解液中组装的对称超级电容器在1 V电位窗口内工作，其比电容为38 F/g，最大功率密度为1503 W/kg，能量密度为5.4 Wh/kg。总的来说，这项工作展示了一种新的、可扩展的、可持续的气化路线，用于生产功能性生物炭电极，为绿色和自我维持的循环能源材料供应链铺平了道路。

{"title":"Electrochemical characterization of biochar-based supercapacitor electrodes produced from gasification of cashew nut shells","authors":"Manoj Prabhakar K. , V.M. Jaganathan , C. Nithya , Sodha Meetrajsingh , Thanigai Arul Kumaravelu , Chung-Li Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel, first-of-its-kind synthesis and comprehensive characterization of cashew nutshell (CNS)-derived biochar for supercapacitor (SC) applications via a single-step, self-sustained gasification process, wherein no secondary or energy-intensive post-treatments - such as chemical activation, physical activation involving high-temperature steam or CO<span><math><mrow><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo></mrow></math></span> or hydrothermal activation - were employed. Instead, biochar generated as a by-product from conventional medium- to large-scale gasification was directly valorized using a canonical laboratory-scale batch-type reactor that closely replicates the operating principles and reaction environment of commercial downdraft gasifiers, ensuring both technological relevance and scalability. Two CNS biochar’s synthesized under different air superficial velocities (5 cm/s and 20 cm/s) were systematically investigated. Structural and chemical characterization using X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the amorphous carbon framework, while synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy revealed a lower unoccupied density of states in the C 2p <span><math><mi>π</mi></math></span>* orbital and a higher degree of carbon disorder in CNS-5 compared to CNS-20. Electrochemical performance was rigorously evaluated through a comprehensive three-electrode configuration and validated using a two-electrode symmetric cell, providing a realistic assessment of device-level performance. The CNS-5 electrode exhibited a high specific capacitance of 186 F/g along with excellent electrochemical durability, retaining 137% of its capacitance after 10,000 charge–discharge cycles at 5 A/g. Furthermore, a symmetric supercapacitor assembled using CNS-5 with 6 M KOH electrolyte and operated within a 1 V potential window delivered a specific capacitance of 38 F/g, a maximum power density of 1503 W/kg, and an energy density of 5.4 Wh/kg. Overall, this work demonstrates a novel, scalable, and sustainable gasification-enabled route for producing functional biochar electrodes, paving the way for green and a self-sustaining circular energy-materials supply chain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 108922"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unraveling the influence of environmental and operational conditions on the methanogenic pathways in full-scale anaerobic digesters 揭示环境和操作条件对全尺寸厌氧消化池产甲烷途径的影响

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108994

Helena Oliveira , Giacomo Carraro , Thuane Mendes Anacleto , Luka Šafarič , Sepehr Shakeri Yekta , Annika Björn , Fernanda Abreu , Alex Enrich-Prast

Anaerobic digestion (AD) technology integrates waste treatment, nutrient recycling, and renewable energy generation, aligning with circular economy principles. During AD, methane is predominantly produced via acetoclastic (AM) and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis (HM). Understanding and managing these methanogenic pathways can prevent instability, improve process performance, and ensure gas quality. This study assessed the methanogenic pathways across 29 full-scale anaerobic digesters with diverse feedstock composition and operational conditions. The fraction of methane produced from HM (f_HM) was estimated using stable isotopes in parallel incubations with 2-¹³C-acetate – an approach rarely applied at this scale. The results revealed a significant influence of feedstock composition and temperature on methanogenic pathway dominance. Thermophilic digesters showed predominantly HM (f_HM > 0.88), whereas mesophilic systems displayed mixed AM and HM contributions. Regarding feedstock composition, sewage sludge and agricultural biomass favored AM, food waste- and manure-fed digesters leaned toward HM. Notably, pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA), dissolved organic carbon, and elements such as sodium and calcium, were revealed as factors that correlate with the methanogenic pathway. While total ammonia nitrogen showed a weaker correlation with HM (ρ = 0.49) than previously reported, free ammonia correlation was stronger (ρ = 0.71). These findings were supported by hierarchical clustering, which identified four distinct digester groups with similar methanogenic pathways, feedstocks, and characteristics (e.g., temperature, pH, VFA, sodium). The results provide a comprehensive overview of methanogenic pathway distribution under full-scale conditions and highlight the multifactorial nature of pathway selection in AD systems.

厌氧消化（AD）技术将废物处理、养分回收和可再生能源发电结合起来，符合循环经济原则。在AD期间，甲烷主要通过丙酮裂解（AM）和氢营养产甲烷（HM）产生。了解和管理这些产甲烷途径可以防止不稳定，提高工艺性能，并确保气体质量。本研究评估了29个具有不同原料组成和操作条件的全尺寸厌氧消化池的产甲烷途径。利用稳定同位素与2- 13c -醋酸盐平行孵育，估算了HM （fHM）产生的甲烷的比例——这种方法很少在这种规模上应用。结果表明，原料组成和温度对产甲烷途径优势有显著影响。嗜热消化器主要显示HM (fHM > 0.88)，而中温消化系统显示混合的AM和HM贡献。在原料组成方面，污泥和农业生物质倾向于AM，食物垃圾和粪肥消化器倾向于HM。值得注意的是，pH、挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）、溶解有机碳以及钠和钙等元素被发现是与产甲烷途径相关的因素。总氨氮与HM的相关性较弱（ρ = 0.49），而游离氨氮的相关性较强（ρ = 0.71）。这些发现得到了分层聚类的支持，该聚类确定了四个不同的消化器组，它们具有相似的产甲烷途径、原料和特征（例如温度、pH、VFA、钠）。研究结果全面概述了全尺度条件下的产甲烷途径分布，并强调了AD系统中途径选择的多因子性质。

{"title":"Unraveling the influence of environmental and operational conditions on the methanogenic pathways in full-scale anaerobic digesters","authors":"Helena Oliveira , Giacomo Carraro , Thuane Mendes Anacleto , Luka Šafarič , Sepehr Shakeri Yekta , Annika Björn , Fernanda Abreu , Alex Enrich-Prast","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anaerobic digestion (AD) technology integrates waste treatment, nutrient recycling, and renewable energy generation, aligning with circular economy principles. During AD, methane is predominantly produced via acetoclastic (AM) and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis (HM). Understanding and managing these methanogenic pathways can prevent instability, improve process performance, and ensure gas quality. This study assessed the methanogenic pathways across 29 full-scale anaerobic digesters with diverse feedstock composition and operational conditions. The fraction of methane produced from HM (f<sub>HM</sub>) was estimated using stable isotopes in parallel incubations with 2-<sup>13</sup>C-acetate – an approach rarely applied at this scale. The results revealed a significant influence of feedstock composition and temperature on methanogenic pathway dominance. Thermophilic digesters showed predominantly HM (f<sub>HM</sub> > 0.88), whereas mesophilic systems displayed mixed AM and HM contributions. Regarding feedstock composition, sewage sludge and agricultural biomass favored AM, food waste- and manure-fed digesters leaned toward HM. Notably, pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA), dissolved organic carbon, and elements such as sodium and calcium, were revealed as factors that correlate with the methanogenic pathway. While total ammonia nitrogen showed a weaker correlation with HM (ρ = 0.49) than previously reported, free ammonia correlation was stronger (ρ = 0.71). These findings were supported by hierarchical clustering, which identified four distinct digester groups with similar methanogenic pathways, feedstocks, and characteristics (e.g., temperature, pH, VFA, sodium). The results provide a comprehensive overview of methanogenic pathway distribution under full-scale conditions and highlight the multifactorial nature of pathway selection in AD systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 108994"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146000565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Expansion-assisted biological–alkaline pretreatment improves lignin redistribution and enzymatic hydrolysis of corn straw 膨胀辅助生物碱预处理改善玉米秸秆木质素再分配和酶解

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108991

Xiaohui Cao, Xinyue Wang, Renwei Zhang, Qiu Cui

The intricate structure of lignocellulose restricts the efficient conversion of biomass into biofuels and biochemicals, making the development of effective pretreatment strategies essential. In this study, a sequential expansion–biological (Irpex lacteus, IL) –alkaline (NaOH) pretreatment was proposed to investigate the effects on the delignification of corn straw (CS) and enzymatic saccharification performance. Comprehensive structural analysis (FTIR, GPC, and 2D-HSQC NMR) were employed to elucidate the lignin migration and dissolution behavior during processing. Results indicated that expansion initially loosened the cell wall structure, increasing hemicellulose content from 17.95 % to 20.56 %. Expansion combined with alkali (EA) significantly facilitated the removal of high-molecular-weight lignin and the release of p-coumarate (PCA) and ferulate (FA), boosting glucose yield to 723.01 g/kg—7.06 % higher than that obtained with alkaline treatment for control raw straw (CA). IL degradation further exposed the aromatic rings and enhanced delignification when combined with alkali (CIA/EIA), contributing to an 8.73 % higher glucose yield in CIA when degradation for 14 d than that in CA. However, for expanded straw subjected to biological–alkaline treatment (EIA), an increase in acid–soluble lignin content was accompanied by reduced glucose yield and higher cellulase inactivation and residual protein. Expansion increased the selective cleavage of β–O–4 linkages and S units, promoting the release of lignin-derived aromatic compounds. Overall, expansion enhanced lignin reactivity, disrupted lignin–carbohydrate linkages, and accelerated lignin depolymerization. These findings provide valuable insights for selective lignin valorization and the development of integrated biorefinery strategies.

木质纤维素复杂的结构限制了生物质转化为生物燃料和生化物质的效率，因此开发有效的预处理策略至关重要。本研究采用顺序膨胀-生物（Irpex lacteus， IL） -碱性（NaOH）预处理，研究玉米秸秆脱木质素（CS）和酶解糖化性能的影响。利用FTIR、GPC和2D-HSQC NMR等综合结构分析手段，研究了木质素在加工过程中的迁移和溶解行为。结果表明，膨胀使细胞壁结构开始松动，半纤维素含量从17.95%增加到20.56%。膨化与碱（EA）联合处理显著促进了高分子量木质素的脱除和对香豆酸酯（PCA）和阿威酸酯（FA）的释放，葡萄糖产量达到723.01 g/kg，比对照原料秸秆（CA）的碱性处理提高7.06%。当与碱（CIA/EIA）结合时，IL降解进一步暴露了芳香环，并增强了脱木质素作用，使CIA降解14 d时的葡萄糖产量比CA高8.73%。然而，对于经过生物碱处理（EIA）的膨化秸秆，酸溶性木质素含量的增加伴随着葡萄糖产量的降低、纤维素酶失活和残留蛋白的增加。膨胀增加了β-O-4键和S单元的选择性裂解，促进木质素衍生芳香族化合物的释放。总的来说，膨胀增强了木质素的反应性，破坏了木质素与碳水化合物的联系，加速了木质素的解聚。这些发现为选择性木质素增值和综合生物精炼策略的发展提供了有价值的见解。

{"title":"Expansion-assisted biological–alkaline pretreatment improves lignin redistribution and enzymatic hydrolysis of corn straw","authors":"Xiaohui Cao, Xinyue Wang, Renwei Zhang, Qiu Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The intricate structure of lignocellulose restricts the efficient conversion of biomass into biofuels and biochemicals, making the development of effective pretreatment strategies essential. In this study, a sequential expansion–biological (<em>Irpex lacteus,</em> IL) –alkaline (NaOH) pretreatment was proposed to investigate the effects on the delignification of corn straw (CS) and enzymatic saccharification performance. Comprehensive structural analysis (FTIR, GPC, and 2D-HSQC NMR) were employed to elucidate the lignin migration and dissolution behavior during processing. Results indicated that expansion initially loosened the cell wall structure, increasing hemicellulose content from 17.95 % to 20.56 %. Expansion combined with alkali (EA) significantly facilitated the removal of high-molecular-weight lignin and the release of <em>p</em>-coumarate (PCA) and ferulate (FA), boosting glucose yield to 723.01 g/kg—7.06 % higher than that obtained with alkaline treatment for control raw straw (CA). IL degradation further exposed the aromatic rings and enhanced delignification when combined with alkali (CIA/EIA), contributing to an 8.73 % higher glucose yield in CIA when degradation for 14 d than that in CA. However, for expanded straw subjected to biological–alkaline treatment (EIA), an increase in acid–soluble lignin content was accompanied by reduced glucose yield and higher cellulase inactivation and residual protein. Expansion increased the selective cleavage of <em>β</em>–O–4 linkages and S units, promoting the release of lignin-derived aromatic compounds. Overall, expansion enhanced lignin reactivity, disrupted lignin–carbohydrate linkages, and accelerated lignin depolymerization. These findings provide valuable insights for selective lignin valorization and the development of integrated biorefinery strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 108991"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146000564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effective wheat straw pre-treatment and saccharification using p-toluenesulfonic acid (pTSA)-based deep eutectic solvents and microwave heating 采用对甲苯磺酸（pTSA）基深共晶溶剂和微波加热对麦秸进行有效的预处理和糖化

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108995

Yujie Mao , Eleanor Purvis , Longinus Ifeanyi Igbojionu , Hamid-Reza Danesh-Azari , Eleanor Binner

Lignocellulose is a promising source of biofuels by enzymatic conversion; however, its valorisation is often restricted due to the lignin present. This study investigated a novel and effective microwave-assisted ternary Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) system composed of p-toluenesulfonic acid (pTSA), glycerol, and choline chloride (ChCl) to enable lignin recovery and increase polysaccharides bioconversion from wheat straw (WS), an industrial waste stream. Specifically, four DESs with varying pTSA content were evaluated. Higher pTSA also significantly improved delignification yield (up to 88.1 %), although at the expense of sacrificing the cellulose and hemicellulose contents. The DES with pTSA: glycerol: ChCl at 1:2:2 M ratio (DES 3) achieved the best balance, retaining 77.8 % cellulose and 49.4 % xylan while removing 78.3 % lignin after microwave heating at 120 °C for 20 min, and enabling the highest glucose (95.6 %) and xylose (52.0 %) yields after enzymatic hydrolysis. Structural analysis (FTIR and XRD) confirmed cellulose integrity and reduced crystallinity after DES pre-treatment, supporting improved enzymatic digestibility. This DES also recovered 51.7 % of total lignin with minimised lignin condensation and maintained ∼68 % of its initial delignification efficiency and >90 % of its initial saccharification performance after two recycling cycles, demonstrating good solvent reusability. Most important, this study elucidated the role of pTSA in determining DES-microwave interaction through dielectric property measurement and linked it with the microwave heating profiles. DES with higher pTSA exhibited a greater difference in delignification efficiency between microwave and conventional heating, due to more pronounced selective heating mechanisms.

木质纤维素通过酶转化是一种很有前途的生物燃料来源；然而，由于木质素的存在，它的增值往往受到限制。研究了一种由对甲苯磺酸（pTSA）、甘油和氯化胆碱（ChCl）组成的新型微波辅助三元深共晶溶剂（DES）体系，该体系可以有效地从麦秸（WS）工业废液中回收木质素并提高多糖的生物转化率。具体来说，我们评估了四个不同pTSA含量的DESs。较高的pTSA也显著提高了脱木质素收率（高达88.1%），尽管牺牲了纤维素和半纤维素的含量。以pTSA：甘油：ChCl为1:2:2 M比的DES （DES 3）达到最佳平衡，在120℃微波加热20 min后，保留77.8%的纤维素和49.4%的木聚糖，去除78.3%的木质素，酶解后葡萄糖（95.6%）和木糖（52.0%）的收率最高。结构分析（FTIR和XRD）证实了DES预处理后纤维素的完整性和结晶度降低，支持提高酶消化率。该DES还回收了51.7%的总木质素，最大限度地减少了木质素缩聚，并在两次循环后保持了68%的初始脱木质素效率和90%的初始糖化性能，显示出良好的溶剂可重复使用性。最重要的是，本研究通过介电特性测量阐明了pTSA在确定des -微波相互作用中的作用，并将其与微波加热剖面联系起来。高pTSA的DES在微波加热和常规加热中脱木质素效率差异更大，这是由于其更明显的选择性加热机制。

{"title":"Effective wheat straw pre-treatment and saccharification using p-toluenesulfonic acid (pTSA)-based deep eutectic solvents and microwave heating","authors":"Yujie Mao , Eleanor Purvis , Longinus Ifeanyi Igbojionu , Hamid-Reza Danesh-Azari , Eleanor Binner","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108995","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108995","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lignocellulose is a promising source of biofuels by enzymatic conversion; however, its valorisation is often restricted due to the lignin present. This study investigated a novel and effective microwave-assisted ternary Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) system composed of p-toluenesulfonic acid (pTSA), glycerol, and choline chloride (ChCl) to enable lignin recovery and increase polysaccharides bioconversion from wheat straw (WS), an industrial waste stream. Specifically, four DESs with varying pTSA content were evaluated. Higher pTSA also significantly improved delignification yield (up to 88.1 %), although at the expense of sacrificing the cellulose and hemicellulose contents. The DES with pTSA: glycerol: ChCl at 1:2:2 M ratio (DES 3) achieved the best balance, retaining 77.8 % cellulose and 49.4 % xylan while removing 78.3 % lignin after microwave heating at 120 °C for 20 min, and enabling the highest glucose (95.6 %) and xylose (52.0 %) yields after enzymatic hydrolysis. Structural analysis (FTIR and XRD) confirmed cellulose integrity and reduced crystallinity after DES pre-treatment, supporting improved enzymatic digestibility. This DES also recovered 51.7 % of total lignin with minimised lignin condensation and maintained ∼68 % of its initial delignification efficiency and >90 % of its initial saccharification performance after two recycling cycles, demonstrating good solvent reusability. Most important, this study elucidated the role of pTSA in determining DES-microwave interaction through dielectric property measurement and linked it with the microwave heating profiles. DES with higher pTSA exhibited a greater difference in delignification efficiency between microwave and conventional heating, due to more pronounced selective heating mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 108995"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146000567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Source-dependent selenium fractionation in spent mushroom substrate composting: Unraveling the key role of DOM-bacterial interaction in humification for selenium-enriched organic fertilizer production 废蘑菇基质堆肥中源依赖的硒分异：揭示dom -细菌相互作用在富硒有机肥生产腐殖质化中的关键作用

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108976

Fei Zhou , Mingxing Qi , Ping Chen , Rongxin Ren , Dongli Liang

Co-composting spent mushroom substrate (SMS) with livestock manure, using either selenium-enriched SMS (Se-SMS) or conventional SMS supplemented with inorganic Se (selenate or selenite), is a viable approach for producing Se-enriched organic fertilizers. However, the key factors controlling Se bioavailability in these fertilizers remain unclear. This study examined Se transformation from different sources during SMS composting and its underlying mechanisms by linking dissolved organic matter (DOM) characteristics with bacterial community structure. All Se-containing treatments enhanced dissolved organic carbon (DOC) decomposition and altered DOM functional groups. The greatest DOC reduction (56.75 %) occurred in the Se-SMS treatment, while the most pronounced changes in oxygen-containing functional groups were found in the selenate-supplemented (Se(VI)-SMS) treatment. The Se(VI)-SMS treatment also significantly increased the relative abundance of Chloroflexi to 65.12 %, compared with 21.04 % in the control. Together with the formation of aromatic structures detected by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, this microbial shift suggested enhanced humification. Throughout composting, the Se(VI)-SMS treatment maintained more bioavailable Se (water-soluble and exchangeable fractions) than other treatments, despite the composting-driven conversion of bioavailable Se into stable forms. Multivariate analyses revealed that the fulvic acid-like component (C2) was the primary contributor (62.5 %) to Se fraction distribution, and Chelativorans was identified as a significant predictor of C2 content. These findings indicate that microbial-mediated DOM transformation is strongly associated with Se stabilization during composting. Therefore, composting selenate-supplemented SMS constitutes an effective circular agriculture strategy, as it enhances humification while preserving bioavailable Se, thereby transforming agricultural waste into Se-enriched organic fertilizer and advancing sustainable biofortification.

富硒菌底物（Se-SMS）或添加无机硒（硒酸盐或亚硒酸盐）的传统菌底物与畜禽粪便共堆肥是一种生产富硒有机肥的可行方法。然而，控制这些肥料硒生物利用度的关键因素尚不清楚。本研究通过将溶解有机物（DOM）特性与细菌群落结构联系起来，研究了SMS堆肥过程中不同来源硒的转化及其潜在机制。所有含硒处理均促进了溶解有机碳（DOC）分解，改变了DOM官能团。硒-SMS处理的DOC减少幅度最大（56.75%），而含氧官能团的变化最明显的是硒补充（Se(VI)-SMS）处理。Se(VI)-SMS处理也显著提高了氯氟西的相对丰度，达到65.12%，而对照组为21.04%。结合傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）检测到的芳香族结构的形成，这种微生物转移表明腐殖质化增强。在整个堆肥过程中，Se(VI)-SMS处理比其他处理保持了更多的生物可利用硒（水溶性和可交换部分），尽管堆肥驱动了生物可利用硒转化为稳定形式。多因素分析表明，黄腐酸样成分（C2）是影响硒含量分布的主要因素（62.5%），螯合剂是影响硒含量的重要因素。这些发现表明，微生物介导的DOM转化与堆肥过程中的硒稳定密切相关。因此，添加硒的SMS堆肥是一种有效的循环农业策略，因为它在增强腐殖化的同时保留生物可利用硒，从而将农业废弃物转化为富硒有机肥料，促进可持续的生物强化。

{"title":"Source-dependent selenium fractionation in spent mushroom substrate composting: Unraveling the key role of DOM-bacterial interaction in humification for selenium-enriched organic fertilizer production","authors":"Fei Zhou , Mingxing Qi , Ping Chen , Rongxin Ren , Dongli Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Co-composting spent mushroom substrate (SMS) with livestock manure, using either selenium-enriched SMS (Se-SMS) or conventional SMS supplemented with inorganic Se (selenate or selenite), is a viable approach for producing Se-enriched organic fertilizers. However, the key factors controlling Se bioavailability in these fertilizers remain unclear. This study examined Se transformation from different sources during SMS composting and its underlying mechanisms by linking dissolved organic matter (DOM) characteristics with bacterial community structure. All Se-containing treatments enhanced dissolved organic carbon (DOC) decomposition and altered DOM functional groups. The greatest DOC reduction (56.75 %) occurred in the Se-SMS treatment, while the most pronounced changes in oxygen-containing functional groups were found in the selenate-supplemented (Se(VI)-SMS) treatment. The Se(VI)-SMS treatment also significantly increased the relative abundance of Chloroflexi to 65.12 %, compared with 21.04 % in the control. Together with the formation of aromatic structures detected by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, this microbial shift suggested enhanced humification. Throughout composting, the Se(VI)-SMS treatment maintained more bioavailable Se (water-soluble and exchangeable fractions) than other treatments, despite the composting-driven conversion of bioavailable Se into stable forms. Multivariate analyses revealed that the fulvic acid-like component (C2) was the primary contributor (62.5 %) to Se fraction distribution, and <em>Chelativorans</em> was identified as a significant predictor of C2 content. These findings indicate that microbial-mediated DOM transformation is strongly associated with Se stabilization during composting. Therefore, composting selenate-supplemented SMS constitutes an effective circular agriculture strategy, as it enhances humification while preserving bioavailable Se, thereby transforming agricultural waste into Se-enriched organic fertilizer and advancing sustainable biofortification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 108976"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A numerical simulation to assess the impacts of multicomponent syngas on the performance of solid oxide fuel cells 多组分合成气对固体氧化物燃料电池性能影响的数值模拟研究

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108970

Zhenhua Wang , Long Li , Zihan Ma , Jin Miao , Rongli Gao , Wei Cai , Xiong Zhou

Utilizing biomass pyrolysis reforming syngas in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) offers a sustainable waste-to-energy pathway. This study employs a three-dimensional, multi-physics model of a commercial SOFC to systematically investigate the impact of major syngas components (H₂, CO₂, CO, CH₄) and steam-to-carbon (S/C) ratio on performance and internal gas distributions. The results quantitatively demonstrate that H₂, CO, and CH₄ enhance power density, while CO₂ acts as an inert diluent. An optimal syngas composition achieved a peak power density of 2153.2 W/m². The internal distribution of anode fuel gases decreases along the flow path, whereas reaction products accumulate. Analysis also indicates that the cathode oxygen distribution is non-uniform, and lower S/C ratios, while beneficial for performance, may elevate coking risk. This work provides critical insights for optimizing syngas conditioning and operating parameters, advancing the integration of SOFCs with biomass conversion systems.

在固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFCs）中利用生物质热解重整合成气提供了一种可持续的废物转化能源途径。本研究采用商用SOFC的三维多物理场模型，系统研究了主要合成气组分（H2、CO2、CO、CH4）和蒸汽碳比（S/C）对性能和内部气体分布的影响。结果定量表明，H2、CO和CH4提高了功率密度，而CO2则是惰性稀释剂。最佳的合成气成分实现了2153.2 W/m2的峰值功率密度。阳极燃料气体沿流动路径的内部分布减小，而反应产物累积。分析还表明，阴极氧分布不均匀，较低的S/C比虽然有利于性能，但可能会增加结焦风险。这项工作为优化合成气调节和操作参数，推进sofc与生物质转换系统的集成提供了重要的见解。

{"title":"A numerical simulation to assess the impacts of multicomponent syngas on the performance of solid oxide fuel cells","authors":"Zhenhua Wang , Long Li , Zihan Ma , Jin Miao , Rongli Gao , Wei Cai , Xiong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Utilizing biomass pyrolysis reforming syngas in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) offers a sustainable waste-to-energy pathway. This study employs a three-dimensional, multi-physics model of a commercial SOFC to systematically investigate the impact of major syngas components (H<sub>2</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, CH<sub>4</sub>) and steam-to-carbon (S/C) ratio on performance and internal gas distributions. The results quantitatively demonstrate that H<sub>2</sub>, CO, and CH<sub>4</sub> enhance power density, while CO<sub>2</sub> acts as an inert diluent. An optimal syngas composition achieved a peak power density of 2153.2 W/m<sup>2</sup>. The internal distribution of anode fuel gases decreases along the flow path, whereas reaction products accumulate. Analysis also indicates that the cathode oxygen distribution is non-uniform, and lower S/C ratios, while beneficial for performance, may elevate coking risk. This work provides critical insights for optimizing syngas conditioning and operating parameters, advancing the integration of SOFCs with biomass conversion systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 108970"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0