Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107404
Yacong Deng , Yanlin Xu , Zhuoyi Liu , Wenhong Wang , Bin Liu , Hailing Guo , Yanpeng Li , Bin Dong , Yichuan Li , Yuan Pan , Yongming Chai , Chenguang Liu
The efficient utilization of lignin from the papermaking black liquor has attracted interest due to its carbon-neutral value and industrial application. This work illustrates a simple support-phosphate-pretreatment strategy to develop superdispersed Ni species in activated carbon (AC) to enhance the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reactions of the lignin model compound guaiacol into biohydrocarbons under alkaline conditions. For the first time, sodium polyphosphate was applied as a pretreatment agent for coconut carbon in the synthesis of carbon-supported Ni catalysts. Superdispersed Ni nanoparticles were achieved on Ni/NaPnOAC with a particle size of 2.5 nm, which was much smaller than that on unmodified Ni/C (13.1 nm). The characterization results and reactions revealed that the P−O that formed served as anchoring sites for the Ni species and strengthened the interaction between the Ni species and support (SMSI), which resulted in significantly improved dispersion of the Ni metal sites and, thus, a nearly 6-fold greater yield of hydrocarbons was obtained on Ni/NaPnOAC (58.1 %) than on Ni/C (10.1 %). In addition, compared with Ni2P/NaPnOAC and NiS/NaPnOAC, Ni/NaPnOAC exhibited higher HDO activity, especially higher direct deoxygenation (DDO) activity and higher benzene yield, reducing hydrogen consumption during the HDO reaction.
{"title":"Hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol over modified coconut carbon supported Ni nanoparticles catalysts under alkaline condition","authors":"Yacong Deng , Yanlin Xu , Zhuoyi Liu , Wenhong Wang , Bin Liu , Hailing Guo , Yanpeng Li , Bin Dong , Yichuan Li , Yuan Pan , Yongming Chai , Chenguang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficient utilization of lignin from the papermaking black liquor has attracted interest due to its carbon-neutral value and industrial application. This work illustrates a simple support-phosphate-pretreatment strategy to develop superdispersed Ni species in activated carbon (AC) to enhance the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reactions of the lignin model compound guaiacol into biohydrocarbons under alkaline conditions. For the first time, sodium polyphosphate was applied as a pretreatment agent for coconut carbon in the synthesis of carbon-supported Ni catalysts. Superdispersed Ni nanoparticles were achieved on Ni/NaP<sub>n</sub>OAC with a particle size of 2.5 nm, which was much smaller than that on unmodified Ni/C (13.1 nm). The characterization results and reactions revealed that the P−O that formed served as anchoring sites for the Ni species and strengthened the interaction between the Ni species and support (SMSI), which resulted in significantly improved dispersion of the Ni metal sites and, thus, a nearly 6-fold greater yield of hydrocarbons was obtained on Ni/NaP<sub>n</sub>OAC (58.1 %) than on Ni/C (10.1 %). In addition, compared with Ni<sub>2</sub>P/NaP<sub>n</sub>OAC and NiS/NaP<sub>n</sub>OAC, Ni/NaP<sub>n</sub>OAC exhibited higher HDO activity, especially higher direct deoxygenation (DDO) activity and higher benzene yield, reducing hydrogen consumption during the HDO reaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107404"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107412
P. Sujin , Ajith J. Kings , L.R. Monisha Miriam , Jain B. Marshel
A synergistic combination of oils from Ceiba pentandra, Mahua longifolia, and Azadirachta indica can be harnessed to produce biodiesel, effectively mitigating the seasonal constraints associated with relying on a single feedstock. A novel bifunctional liquid catalyst sulfonate ester was prepared and characterized by various spectroscopic techniques to confirm its capability in efficient biodiesel conversion. Using a 4 % bifunctional catalyst, a 98 % biodiesel yield was achieved, with optimization of methanol/oil ratio, temperature, and stirring speed through RSM, and validation against ANN and ANFIS predictions. The biodiesel properties met EN and ASTM standards, ensuring compatibility. Engine tests under full load conditions examined various blends (B0-B100) and compression ratios (16–20). At a compression ratio of 19, the B20 biodiesel blend outperformed others by achieving the highest brake thermal efficiency of 30.42 % and the lowest brake-specific fuel consumption, measuring just 0.219 kg/kWh. In addition to these efficiency gains, the use of higher biodiesel blends led to a substantial decrease in exhaust emissions relative to pure diesel. The findings from this research advocate for the adoption of biodiesel from mixed non-edible oils as a green and sustainable replacement for conventional diesel fuel.
{"title":"Optimized biodiesel production from mixed non-edible oils using advanced computational techniques and a novel bifunctional liquified catalyst: Compatibility assessment in IC engines","authors":"P. Sujin , Ajith J. Kings , L.R. Monisha Miriam , Jain B. Marshel","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A synergistic combination of oils from <em>Ceiba pentandra, Mahua longifolia, and Azadirachta indica</em> can be harnessed to produce biodiesel, effectively mitigating the seasonal constraints associated with relying on a single feedstock. A novel bifunctional liquid catalyst sulfonate ester was prepared and characterized by various spectroscopic techniques to confirm its capability in efficient biodiesel conversion. Using a 4 % bifunctional catalyst, a 98 % biodiesel yield was achieved, with optimization of methanol/oil ratio, temperature, and stirring speed through RSM, and validation against ANN and ANFIS predictions. The biodiesel properties met EN and ASTM standards, ensuring compatibility. Engine tests under full load conditions examined various blends (B0-B100) and compression ratios (16–20). At a compression ratio of 19, the B20 biodiesel blend outperformed others by achieving the highest brake thermal efficiency of 30.42 % and the lowest brake-specific fuel consumption, measuring just 0.219 kg/kWh. In addition to these efficiency gains, the use of higher biodiesel blends led to a substantial decrease in exhaust emissions relative to pure diesel. The findings from this research advocate for the adoption of biodiesel from mixed non-edible oils as a green and sustainable replacement for conventional diesel fuel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107412"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107420
Xingyu Jia , Cuicui Wang , Yizhuo Da , Xianchao Tian , Wenyan Ge
Estimating forest biomass is imperative for comprehensively understanding the function of forest in regulating climate, providing theoretical support for vegetation management. Constructing allometric equations rationally is essential for accurate tree-level biomass estimation without destructive sampling, and optimizing the sample size for fitting allometric equations ensures a desirable balance between accuracy and cost. In this study, the optimal sample size and the best allometric equation for biomass estimation were discussed using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) imagery and field measurements of tree height (H), diameter at breast height (DBH) and crown radius (Rc) in an artificial Pinus tabuliformis forest. Results demonstrated that the optimal sample size for accurately estimating tree-level biomass with minimal manpower and time costs was 130. Besides, the estimating precision of allometric equations can be enhanced by increasing the number of suitable variables, altering the variables combination, and modifying functional forms. The proposed allometric equation based on H and Rc in this study outperformed common equations in estimating Pinus tabuliformis forest biomass. This equation achieved a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.72 and a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 8.56 kg for biomass estimation, owing to its utilization of multivariate analysis and exclusive application of logarithmic transformation to the dependent variable. Moreover, the study revealed that the total biomass of 1490 planted Pinus tabuliformis trees in this study area was 67.3 t. This research offers valuable insights into accurately estimating tree-level forest biomass, which is essential for addressing challenging ecological issues and formulating rational forest management policies.
要全面了解森林调节气候的功能，为植被管理提供理论支持，就必须估算森林生物量。在不进行破坏性采样的情况下，合理构建异速方程对准确估算树体生物量至关重要，而优化拟合异速方程的样本量可确保在精度和成本之间取得理想的平衡。在本研究中，利用无人机（UAVs）图像和对人工赤松林中树高（H）、胸径（DBH）和树冠半径（Rc）的实地测量，讨论了生物量估算的最佳样本量和最佳异速方程。结果表明，以最小的人力和时间成本准确估算树体生物量的最佳样本量为 130 个。此外，还可以通过增加合适变量的数量、改变变量组合和修改函数形式来提高异速方程的估算精度。本研究提出的基于 H 和 Rc 的异速方程在估算赤松森林生物量方面优于普通方程。由于该方程采用了多元分析并对因变量进行了对数变换，其生物量估算的判定系数（R2）为 0.72，均方根误差（RMSE）为 8.56 千克。这项研究为准确估算树级森林生物量提供了宝贵的见解，这对于解决具有挑战性的生态问题和制定合理的森林管理政策至关重要。
{"title":"Tree-level biomass estimation using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery and allometric equation","authors":"Xingyu Jia , Cuicui Wang , Yizhuo Da , Xianchao Tian , Wenyan Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Estimating forest biomass is imperative for comprehensively understanding the function of forest in regulating climate, providing theoretical support for vegetation management. Constructing allometric equations rationally is essential for accurate tree-level biomass estimation without destructive sampling, and optimizing the sample size for fitting allometric equations ensures a desirable balance between accuracy and cost. In this study, the optimal sample size and the best allometric equation for biomass estimation were discussed using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) imagery and field measurements of tree height (H), diameter at breast height (DBH) and crown radius (R<sub>c</sub>) in an artificial <em>Pinus tabuliformis</em> forest. Results demonstrated that the optimal sample size for accurately estimating tree-level biomass with minimal manpower and time costs was 130. Besides, the estimating precision of allometric equations can be enhanced by increasing the number of suitable variables, altering the variables combination, and modifying functional forms. The proposed allometric equation based on H and R<sub>c</sub> in this study outperformed common equations in estimating <em>Pinus tabuliformis</em> forest biomass. This equation achieved a coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) of 0.72 and a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 8.56 kg for biomass estimation, owing to its utilization of multivariate analysis and exclusive application of logarithmic transformation to the dependent variable. Moreover, the study revealed that the total biomass of 1490 planted <em>Pinus tabuliformis</em> trees in this study area was 67.3 t. This research offers valuable insights into accurately estimating tree-level forest biomass, which is essential for addressing challenging ecological issues and formulating rational forest management policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107420"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107419
M. Soleimani , A.H. Mosaffa , M. Fallah
A solid oxide fuel cell-based CCHP system that uses biomass fuel has been developed as part of this research. The system includes a solar collector subsystem and a downward gasifier that preheats the gasification agent to convert biomass into synthesis gas for the fuel cell and to preheat the air used in the gasifier. The system underwent energy, exergy, environmental, and economic studies. The results showed that preheating the air entering the gasifier increases the amount of CO and H2 in the synthesis gas while decreasing the amount of CO2. An exergy analysis of the system revealed that the gasifier, fuel cell, and gasifier accounted for 47.83 % of the total exergy loss. The fuel cell alone contributed to 17.66 % of the exergy destruction within the system. The environmental analysis concluded that the proposed CCHP system has low CO2 gas emissions and higher efficiencies than similar power generation and power and heat production systems. Therefore, the presented system is highly compatible with the environment. The study found that the cost of the fuel cell accounted for 50.07 % of the overall cost of the system. The NPV of the proposed system increased after 7 years based on the system's payback period of 6.2 years and amounted to 357,000 € at the end of the system's lifespan, which is 10 years.
作为这项研究的一部分，我们开发了一种使用生物质燃料的基于固体氧化物燃料电池的冷热电三联供系统。该系统包括一个太阳能集热器子系统和一个向下气化器，用于预热气化剂，将生物质转化为燃料电池的合成气，并预热气化器中使用的空气。该系统进行了能量、放能、环境和经济研究。研究结果表明，预热进入气化器的空气可增加合成气中的 CO 和 H2 含量，同时减少 CO2 含量。对系统进行的放能分析表明，气化炉、燃料电池和气化器占总放能损失的 47.83%。仅燃料电池就造成了系统内 17.66% 的能量损失。环境分析得出的结论是，与类似的发电和电力热力生产系统相比，拟议的冷热电三联供系统具有较低的二氧化碳气体排放量和更高的效率。因此，所提出的系统与环境高度兼容。研究发现，燃料电池的成本占系统总成本的 50.07%。根据该系统 6.2 年的投资回收期，拟议系统的净现值在 7 年后有所增加，在系统寿命结束时（即 10 年）达到 35.7 万欧元。
{"title":"Energy, exergy, environmental, and economic evaluations of a proposed CCHP system based on solar, biomass, SOFC, micro-turbine, and LiBr/water absorption chiller","authors":"M. Soleimani , A.H. Mosaffa , M. Fallah","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A solid oxide fuel cell-based CCHP system that uses biomass fuel has been developed as part of this research. The system includes a solar collector subsystem and a downward gasifier that preheats the gasification agent to convert biomass into synthesis gas for the fuel cell and to preheat the air used in the gasifier. The system underwent energy, exergy, environmental, and economic studies. The results showed that preheating the air entering the gasifier increases the amount of CO and H<sub>2</sub> in the synthesis gas while decreasing the amount of CO<sub>2</sub>. An exergy analysis of the system revealed that the gasifier, fuel cell, and gasifier accounted for 47.83 % of the total exergy loss. The fuel cell alone contributed to 17.66 % of the exergy destruction within the system. The environmental analysis concluded that the proposed CCHP system has low CO<sub>2</sub> gas emissions and higher efficiencies than similar power generation and power and heat production systems. Therefore, the presented system is highly compatible with the environment. The study found that the cost of the fuel cell accounted for 50.07 % of the overall cost of the system. The NPV of the proposed system increased after 7 years based on the system's payback period of 6.2 years and amounted to 357,000 € at the end of the system's lifespan, which is 10 years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107419"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biochar is a porous, carbon-rich material derived from the thermochemical decomposition of biomass materials. Biochars are suitable soil amendments that enhance soil properties and improve crop productivity. Biochar agronomic impact in soils depends on its physiochemical properties. Recent research has shown that feedstock type and pyrolysis temperature are the key factors influencing biochar physiochemical properties. However, an in-depth understanding of the biochar-soil-plant co-relationship governing biochar agronomic performance still needs improvement. A comprehensive overview of the effect of biomass and pyrolysis temperature on biochar properties, mechanisms governing biochar-soil interactions impact on agronomic indices, the long-term effect of biochar, and the viability of large-scale biochar agricultural systems have been discussed. The mechanisms governing the impact of temperature and biomass properties on biochar agronomic properties are different for low temperature (<500 °C) and high temperature (>500 °C). The agronomic benefits of biochar are dependent on biochar-soil-plant interaction mechanisms. The economic and financial feasibility of large-scale production of biochar is case-specific and makes business sense when all co-pyrolysis products are recovered and sold. Understanding biochar-soil-plant-climate interaction mechanisms is key to designing biochars to address specific agronomic needs and requires an interdisciplinary and multiscale approach. Future studies should focus on long-term co-relationships among biochar physiochemical properties, soil conditions, climate, and farm management.
{"title":"An interdisciplinary overview on biochar production engineering and its agronomic applications","authors":"Faith Mawia Muema , Yohan Richardson , Amadou Keita , Marie Sawadogo","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biochar is a porous, carbon-rich material derived from the thermochemical decomposition of biomass materials. Biochars are suitable soil amendments that enhance soil properties and improve crop productivity. Biochar agronomic impact in soils depends on its physiochemical properties. Recent research has shown that feedstock type and pyrolysis temperature are the key factors influencing biochar physiochemical properties. However, an in-depth understanding of the biochar-soil-plant co-relationship governing biochar agronomic performance still needs improvement. A comprehensive overview of the effect of biomass and pyrolysis temperature on biochar properties, mechanisms governing biochar-soil interactions impact on agronomic indices, the long-term effect of biochar, and the viability of large-scale biochar agricultural systems have been discussed. The mechanisms governing the impact of temperature and biomass properties on biochar agronomic properties are different for low temperature (<500 °C) and high temperature (>500 °C). The agronomic benefits of biochar are dependent on biochar-soil-plant interaction mechanisms. The economic and financial feasibility of large-scale production of biochar is case-specific and makes business sense when all co-pyrolysis products are recovered and sold. Understanding biochar-soil-plant-climate interaction mechanisms is key to designing biochars to address specific agronomic needs and requires an interdisciplinary and multiscale approach. Future studies should focus on long-term co-relationships among biochar physiochemical properties, soil conditions, climate, and farm management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107416"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107411
Soyoung Park, Gi-Beom Kim, Ashutosh Kumar Pandey, Jong-Hun Park, Sang-Hyoun Kim
In this work, the complexities of anaerobic digestion fed with highly degradable feedstock are investigated, focusing on accumulation of organic acids (OA) as a critical monitoring parameter, and the significance of prediction models for total OA concentration. The anaerobic digestion of food waste (FW) was conducted under the organic loading rate (OLR) range of 2.55–8.80 g COD/L/d and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 30–15 days. The feasibility of flüchtige organische säuren (FOS), totales anorganisches carbonat (TAC), and the FOS/TAC was investigated by predicting the total OA using a deep neural network (DNN) model. Two digesters, Digester 1 and 2, were fed with FW from four distinct sites. When the OA concentration exceeded 2 g/L as CH3COOH, the feeding was paused to recover the methanogens activity. The total OA concentration was successfully predicted with FOS, TAC, and FOS/TAC using the DNN regression model even though applying on the datasets from two distinct digesters, indicating a R-value of 0.9557, R2 of 0.9133, and mean square error of 0.0329. The predictive capability of DNN regression model shows the feasibility of total OA prediction based on the titrimetric method for monitoring and optimizing continuous anaerobic digestion of highly degradable feedstock.
在这项工作中，研究了以高降解性原料为喂料的厌氧消化的复杂性，重点是作为关键监测参数的有机酸（OA）的积累，以及总 OA 浓度预测模型的意义。在有机负荷率（OLR）为 2.55-8.80 克 COD/L/d 和水力停留时间（HRT）为 30-15 天的条件下，对食物垃圾（FW）进行了厌氧消化。通过使用深度神经网络（DNN）模型预测总OA，研究了flüchtige organicische säuren（FOS）、totales anorganisches carbonat（TAC）和FOS/TAC的可行性。两个消化器（消化器 1 和 2）分别向四个不同地点的 FW 进料。当 OA 浓度超过 2 克/升（以 CH3COOH 计）时，暂停进料以恢复甲烷菌的活性。使用 DNN 回归模型成功预测了 FOS、TAC 和 FOS/TAC 的总 OA 浓度，即使应用的是两个不同消化器的数据集，R 值为 0.9557，R2 为 0.9133，均方误差为 0.0329。DNN 回归模型的预测能力表明，基于滴定法的总 OA 预测对于监测和优化高降解性原料的连续厌氧消化是可行的。
{"title":"Prediction of total organic acids concentration based on FOS/TAC titration in continuous anaerobic digester fed with food waste using a deep neural network model","authors":"Soyoung Park, Gi-Beom Kim, Ashutosh Kumar Pandey, Jong-Hun Park, Sang-Hyoun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, the complexities of anaerobic digestion fed with highly degradable feedstock are investigated, focusing on accumulation of organic acids (OA) as a critical monitoring parameter, and the significance of prediction models for total OA concentration. The anaerobic digestion of food waste (FW) was conducted under the organic loading rate (OLR) range of 2.55–8.80 g COD/L/d and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 30–15 days. The feasibility of flüchtige organische säuren (FOS), totales anorganisches carbonat (TAC), and the FOS/TAC was investigated by predicting the total OA using a deep neural network (DNN) model. Two digesters, Digester 1 and 2, were fed with FW from four distinct sites. When the OA concentration exceeded 2 g/L as CH<sub>3</sub>COOH, the feeding was paused to recover the methanogens activity. The total OA concentration was successfully predicted with FOS, TAC, and FOS/TAC using the DNN regression model even though applying on the datasets from two distinct digesters, indicating a R-value of 0.9557, R<sup>2</sup> of 0.9133, and mean square error of 0.0329. The predictive capability of DNN regression model shows the feasibility of total OA prediction based on the titrimetric method for monitoring and optimizing continuous anaerobic digestion of highly degradable feedstock.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107411"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A first study on nitrogen to phosphorus (N:P) supply ratio with different N sources (NaNO3, urea, and L-Asparagine) and salinity within the cultivation medium of microalgal species towards biomass and lipid enhancement is demonstrated. Among the three nitrogen sources, L-Asparagine at N:P supply ratio of 75:1 and 100:1 gave the highest biomass concentration for the tested microalgal species. For chlorella sp. NITT 02, the DCW of 1.257 ± 0.003 g L−1 at N:P = 100:1 and 1.256 ± 0.005 g L−1 at N:P = 75:1 was obtained for L-Asaparagine, followed by urea (N:P = 100:1 → 0.842 ± 0.002 g L−1; N:P = 75:1 → 0.843 ± 0.004 g L−1). The DCW of Picochlorum sp. NITT 04 with L-Asparagine (N:P = 100:1 → 0.964 ± 0.026 g L−1; N:P = 75:1 → 0.965 ± 0.034 g L−1) and urea (N:P = 100:1 → 0.911 ± 0.012 g L−1; N:P = 75:1 → 0.908 ± 0.01 g L−1) was attained maximum than NaNO3. The systematic exploration of the interaction between N:P ratio and salinity towards lipid content enhancement were performed by RSM-CCD approach. The optimal N:P ratio of 1.4:0.6 and salinity of 7.5 ppt resulted in maximum lipid content of 49.252 ± 0.187 % for Chlorella sp. NITT 02 with the total FAME content of 93.49 %. For Picochlorum sp. NITT 04, the optimal N:P ratio of 1.4:0.6 and salinity of 24 ppt resulted in maximum lipid content of 49.717 ± 0.073 % with the total FAME content of 91.71 %. The FAME analysis confirms the use of tested microalgal species towards biodiesel production and concurrent use of residual biomass for biorefinery applications.
{"title":"N:P ratio and salinity as keys: A study on optimizing biomass and lipid production in marine Chlorella sp. NITT 02 and Picochlorum sp. NITT 04 for biodiesel production","authors":"Susaimanickam Anto , Manickam Premalatha , Thangavel Mathimani","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A first study on nitrogen to phosphorus (N:P) supply ratio with different N sources (NaNO<sub>3</sub>, urea, and L-Asparagine) and salinity within the cultivation medium of microalgal species towards biomass and lipid enhancement is demonstrated. Among the three nitrogen sources, L-Asparagine at N:P supply ratio of 75:1 and 100:1 gave the highest biomass concentration for the tested microalgal species. For <em>chlorella</em> sp. NITT 02, the DCW of 1.257 ± 0.003 g L<sup>−1</sup> at N:P = 100:1 and 1.256 ± 0.005 g L<sup>−1</sup> at N:P = 75:1 was obtained for L-Asaparagine, followed by urea (N:P = 100:1 → 0.842 ± 0.002 g L<sup>−1</sup>; N:P = 75:1 → 0.843 ± 0.004 g L<sup>−1</sup>). The DCW of <em>Picochlorum</em> sp. NITT 04 with L-Asparagine (N:P = 100:1 → 0.964 ± 0.026 g L<sup>−1</sup>; N:P = 75:1 → 0.965 ± 0.034 g L<sup>−1</sup>) and urea (N:P = 100:1 → 0.911 ± 0.012 g L<sup>−1</sup>; N:P = 75:1 → 0.908 ± 0.01 g L<sup>−1</sup>) was attained maximum than NaNO<sub>3</sub>. The systematic exploration of the interaction between N:P ratio and salinity towards lipid content enhancement were performed by RSM-CCD approach. The optimal N:P ratio of 1.4:0.6 and salinity of 7.5 ppt resulted in maximum lipid content of 49.252 ± 0.187 % for <em>Chlorella</em> sp. NITT 02 with the total FAME content of 93.49 %. For <em>Picochlorum</em> sp. NITT 04, the optimal N:P ratio of 1.4:0.6 and salinity of 24 ppt resulted in maximum lipid content of 49.717 ± 0.073 % with the total FAME content of 91.71 %. The FAME analysis confirms the use of tested microalgal species towards biodiesel production and concurrent use of residual biomass for biorefinery applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107409"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107406
Ulfat Zia , Mushtaq Ahmad , Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli , Ikram Faiz , Shazia Sultana , Angie V. Caicedo-Paz , Cassamo U. Mussagy , Ahmad Mustafa
In the current situation of the environmental uprising toxicology, rising global temperature, and energy-depleting urges to explore and discover more renewable and greener ecological-benefiting energy resources. Biobased renewable fuels generated by using waste products can help in waste management, climate change mitigation, and a low-carbon future. The main objective of this research is to produce environment-friendly and cost-effective biofuel. The potentiality of the novel, toxic, waste, and inedible feedstock Croton bonplandianus was evaluated for biodiesel synthesis through transesterification utilizing a Phyto-nano catalyst of potassium oxide prepared by Croton bonplandianus floral stalk's aqueous extract focusing on waste management. Phyto-nano catalyst characterization was done through innovative tools such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Zeta Potential (ZP), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS). The characterization results revealed that the potassium oxide phyto-nanocatalyst possesses an average nanoparticle size of 44.5 nm. This size is optimal for enhanced catalytic activity, indicating significant potential for efficient catalysis. The highest yield (94 %) of biodiesel was secured at optimized reaction conditions of catalyst quantity (0.50 wt%), reaction time (180 min), methanol: oil ratio (9:1), and reaction thermal point (70 °C). Transformation of triglycerides to methyl esters was confirmed by GC/MS, NMR, and FTIR techniques. A total of 21 methyl esters were observed in Croton bonplandianus biodiesel confirmed via GC/MS results. Evaluation of fuel properties was done and matched with international fuel standards. The conclusive remarks for the conducted research are that Croton bonplandianus has a high potential for biodiesel production by applying Phyto-nanocatalysts of potassium oxide while dealing with hazardous environmental conditions and waste management. Phyto nanocatalyst of potassium oxide can be reused and gives the same yield after several cycles of reusability, this reusability of heterogenous Phyto nanocatalyst can reduce to total cost of biodiesel production and can contribute towards circular economy.
{"title":"Integrating environmental remediation with biodiesel production from toxic non-edible oil seeds (Croton bonplandianus) using a sustainable phyto-nano catalyst","authors":"Ulfat Zia , Mushtaq Ahmad , Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli , Ikram Faiz , Shazia Sultana , Angie V. Caicedo-Paz , Cassamo U. Mussagy , Ahmad Mustafa","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the current situation of the environmental uprising toxicology, rising global temperature, and energy-depleting urges to explore and discover more renewable and greener ecological-benefiting energy resources. Biobased renewable fuels generated by using waste products can help in waste management, climate change mitigation, and a low-carbon future. The main objective of this research is to produce environment-friendly and cost-effective biofuel. The potentiality of the novel, toxic, waste, and inedible feedstock <em>Croton bonplandianus</em> was evaluated for biodiesel synthesis through transesterification utilizing a Phyto-nano catalyst of potassium oxide prepared by <em>Croton bonplandianus</em> floral stalk's aqueous extract focusing on waste management. Phyto-nano catalyst characterization was done through innovative tools such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Zeta Potential (ZP), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS). The characterization results revealed that the potassium oxide phyto-nanocatalyst possesses an average nanoparticle size of 44.5 nm. This size is optimal for enhanced catalytic activity, indicating significant potential for efficient catalysis. The highest yield (94 %) of biodiesel was secured at optimized reaction conditions of catalyst quantity (0.50 wt%), reaction time (180 min), methanol: oil ratio (9:1), and reaction thermal point (70 °C). Transformation of triglycerides to methyl esters was confirmed by GC/MS, NMR, and FTIR techniques. A total of 21 methyl esters were observed in <em>Croton bonplandianus</em> biodiesel confirmed via GC/MS results. Evaluation of fuel properties was done and matched with international fuel standards. The conclusive remarks for the conducted research are that <em>Croton bonplandianus</em> has a high potential for biodiesel production by applying Phyto-nanocatalysts of potassium oxide while dealing with hazardous environmental conditions and waste management. Phyto nanocatalyst of potassium oxide can be reused and gives the same yield after several cycles of reusability, this reusability of heterogenous Phyto nanocatalyst can reduce to total cost of biodiesel production and can contribute towards circular economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107406"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-02DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107414
Ahmed Saud Abdulhameed , Rima Heider Al Omari , Mostefa Bourchak , Samaa Abdullah , Mahmoud Abualhaija , Sameer Algburi
Employing sustainable biomaterials obtained from waste biomass and biopolymers provides a very promising method for eliminating organic dyes from wastewater. This study presents a novel adsorbent of modified dragon fruit peels and chitosan, addressing wastewater treatment and environmental waste management. Precisely, a bio-sourced multifunctional (high level of functional groups) adsorbent (hereinafter, CHS/DFP-ADP) was developed from chitosan and adipic acid activated-dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peels. This biomaterial was applied to effectively adsorb organic pollutants (safranin O dye, SAF-O) from water. The adsorption variables, namely A: CHS/DFP-ADP dosage (0.02–0.08 g), B: pH (4–10), and C: duration (10–40 min), were modeled and optimized using the Box-Behnken Design (BBD). The results of the BBD model showed the optimum adsorption parameters for achieving the highest level of SAF-O removal (94.83 %) were as follows: CHS/DFP-ADP does = 0.049 g, the pH ∼ 10, and the contact duration = 40 min. The experimental results on the dye adsorption by CHS/DFP-ADP demonstrated conformity with the pseudo-first-order and Freundlich models. The biomaterial demonstrated a significant capability to adsorb SAF-O dye, with an adsorption capacity of 607.2 mg/g. The adsorption process of the cationic dye on the CHS/DFP-ADP involves several interactions, such as Yoshida H-bonding, electrostatic forces, n-π, and H-bonding. This work aligns with the principles of green chemistry and sustainable development, offering an innovative approach to tackle environmental concerns and promote the circular economy. The present effort meets several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), such as SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), SDG 13 (Climate Action), and SDG 14 (Life Below Water).
{"title":"Bio-sourced multifunctional adsorbent of chitosan and adipic acid activated-dragon fruit peels for organic dye removal from water: Eco-friendly management and valorization of biomass","authors":"Ahmed Saud Abdulhameed , Rima Heider Al Omari , Mostefa Bourchak , Samaa Abdullah , Mahmoud Abualhaija , Sameer Algburi","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Employing sustainable biomaterials obtained from waste biomass and biopolymers provides a very promising method for eliminating organic dyes from wastewater. This study presents a novel adsorbent of modified dragon fruit peels and chitosan, addressing wastewater treatment and environmental waste management. Precisely, a bio-sourced multifunctional (high level of functional groups) adsorbent (hereinafter, CHS/DFP-ADP) was developed from chitosan and adipic acid activated-dragon fruit (<em>Hylocereus polyrhizus</em>) peels. This biomaterial was applied to effectively adsorb organic pollutants (safranin O dye, SAF-O) from water. The adsorption variables, namely A: CHS/DFP-ADP dosage (0.02–0.08 g), B: pH (4–10), and C: duration (10–40 min), were modeled and optimized using the Box-Behnken Design (BBD). The results of the BBD model showed the optimum adsorption parameters for achieving the highest level of SAF-O removal (94.83 %) were as follows: CHS/DFP-ADP does = 0.049 g, the pH ∼ 10, and the contact duration = 40 min. The experimental results on the dye adsorption by CHS/DFP-ADP demonstrated conformity with the pseudo-first-order and Freundlich models. The biomaterial demonstrated a significant capability to adsorb SAF-O dye, with an adsorption capacity of 607.2 mg/g. The adsorption process of the cationic dye on the CHS/DFP-ADP involves several interactions, such as Yoshida H-bonding, electrostatic forces, n-π, and H-bonding. This work aligns with the principles of green chemistry and sustainable development, offering an innovative approach to tackle environmental concerns and promote the circular economy. The present effort meets several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), such as SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), SDG 13 (Climate Action), and SDG 14 (Life Below Water).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107414"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107405
Yong Liu , Jirong Long , Zhijiao Huang , Lungang Chen , Chenguang Wang , Xinghua Zhang , Longlong Ma
Direct production of 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) from fructose is crucial for developing biomass-derived fuels, yet it presents significant challenges due to the need for multifunctional active sites for dehydration and hydrodeoxygenation. Meanwhile, the disposal of wine lees, a major winemaking by-product, incurs substantial costs. Herein, a hybrid catalyst system of sulfonated wine lees carbon (WLC-SO3H) and PtFe/C was introduced, achieving a DMF yield of 66.4 % directly from fructose. WLC-SO3H, with enhanced Brønsted acidity, demonstrated high activity in dehydrating fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) with a 98.2 % yield. PtFe/C effectively catalyzed the hydrodeoxygenation of HMF to DMF, driven by the strong interaction between Pt and Fe species. This interaction was confirmed through in situ DRIFTS and theoretical calculations, highlighting the system's superior catalytic performance.
{"title":"Production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and 2,5-dimethylfuran from fructose using wine lees-derived C-SO3H and Pt5Fe5/C catalyst","authors":"Yong Liu , Jirong Long , Zhijiao Huang , Lungang Chen , Chenguang Wang , Xinghua Zhang , Longlong Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Direct production of 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) from fructose is crucial for developing biomass-derived fuels, yet it presents significant challenges due to the need for multifunctional active sites for dehydration and hydrodeoxygenation. Meanwhile, the disposal of wine lees, a major winemaking by-product, incurs substantial costs. Herein, a hybrid catalyst system of sulfonated wine lees carbon (WLC-SO<sub>3</sub>H) and PtFe/C was introduced, achieving a DMF yield of 66.4 % directly from fructose. WLC-SO<sub>3</sub>H, with enhanced Brønsted acidity, demonstrated high activity in dehydrating fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) with a 98.2 % yield. PtFe/C effectively catalyzed the hydrodeoxygenation of HMF to DMF, driven by the strong interaction between Pt and Fe species. This interaction was confirmed through <em>in situ</em> DRIFTS and theoretical calculations, highlighting the system's superior catalytic performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107405"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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