Biomass & Bioenergy最新文献_第7页

Recent advances and comparative insights of synthesis and characterization methods of solid biofuels derived from biomass waste 来自生物质废弃物的固体生物燃料合成和表征方法的最新进展和比较见解

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108980

Bharat Bhushan Verma, Sewan Das Patle, Satish Kumar Dewangan

The thermal conversion of biomass is vital for producing sustainable energy and material sources from biomass waste. This article provides an overview of recent advances and comparative insights of three key thermochemical biomass processes: torrefaction, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), and pyrolysis, highlighting their mechanisms, operating conditions, and the solid products they produce, such as biochar and hydrochar. Torrefaction involves a gentle heating process ranging from 200 to 300 °C in an oxygen-free medium, which improves the biomass properties, such as water resistance and grindability. HTC occurs under subcritical water conditions (180–260 °C), yielding hydrochar with an elevated oxygen content that can function as a soil amendment. Pyrolysis is a thermal process conducted within the temperature range of 300–700 °C in an oxygen-free environment, producing biochar, bio-oil, and syngas. This comparative review examines the thermochemical pathways, with a specific focus on the roles of operating temperature and residence time in governing reaction severity, mass and energy yields, and the physicochemical evolution of the resulting solid products. The mechanistic transformations underlying dehydration, decarboxylation, devolatilization, and aromatization are synthesized to establish comparative trends across processes. Characterizing the thermal-treated biofuels is crucial for evaluating their potential applications in energy, environmental, or agricultural sectors. Particular attention is given to changes in elemental composition, heating value, and solid yield, as well as implications for downstream applications such as co-firing, carbon sequestration, and energy storage. This review aims to provide a comparative overview of biomass thermochemical processes and recent advances in characterization methods, supporting the development of renewable material and waste valorization strategies.

生物质的热转化对于从生物质废物中生产可持续能源和材料来源至关重要。本文概述了生物质热化学的三个关键过程：焙烧、热液碳化和热解的最新进展和比较见解，重点介绍了它们的机理、操作条件以及它们产生的固体产物，如生物炭和氢炭。烘烤涉及在无氧介质中200至300°C的温和加热过程，这可以提高生物质的性能，如耐水性和可研磨性。HTC发生在亚临界水条件下（180-260°C），产生含氧量升高的碳氢化合物，可以作为土壤改进剂。热解是在无氧环境下，在300-700℃的温度范围内进行的热过程，产生生物炭、生物油和合成气。这篇比较综述考察了热化学途径，特别关注了操作温度和停留时间在控制反应严重程度、质量和能量产量以及所得固体产物的物理化学演变中的作用。脱水、脱羧、脱挥发和芳构化背后的机理转化被合成，以建立跨过程的比较趋势。表征热处理生物燃料对于评估其在能源、环境或农业领域的潜在应用至关重要。特别关注元素组成、热值和固体产量的变化，以及对下游应用的影响，如共烧、碳固存和能量储存。本文旨在提供生物质热化学过程的比较概述和表征方法的最新进展，支持可再生材料和废物增值策略的发展。

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引用次数: 0

Biomass gasification reforming for hydrogen production by Ce-K co-catalysis coupled with CO2 capture Ce-K共催化与CO2捕集耦合的生物质气化制氢改造

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108998

Cui Quan , Shaoxuan Feng , Norbert Miskolczi , Ningbo Gao

Biomass gasification is a promising conversion pathway for renewable energy production, but it faces challenges such as low hydrogen yield. In this study, Ni-Ce-K/SiC catalysts were fabricated to enhance the gasification performance of pine sawdust for hydrogen production. The synergistic effect of Ce-K promoters on the catalytic performance and activity was investigated. In addition, CaO was applied as CO₂ capturing adsorbent during gasification reforming process. The results showed that optimization of Ce and K loadings in the presence of an in-situ CO₂ adsorbent significantly enhanced H₂ yield. The H₂ yield reached 36.31 mmol/g using the 10Ni4Ce1K/SiC catalyst at 500^oC, whereas it was only 5.28 mmol/g with 10NiCeK/SiC catalyst in the absence of CaO adsorbent. The 10Ni4Ce1K/SiC catalyst maintained the Ni⁰/NiO redox balance through the synergistic effect of the oxygen storage capacity of CeO₂ and the surface anchoring of K, leading to highest H₂ yield and carbon deposition primarily composed of highly defective disordered structures. The behavior of gasification reforming was also affected by the placement mode of catalyst and CaO adsorbent. Compared to direct physical mixing, the layered placement of catalyst and CaO can delay CaO sintering, H₂ yield in layered placement remained 82.9 % after 10 cycles.

生物质气化是一种很有前途的可再生能源转化途径，但它面临着产氢量低等挑战。制备了Ni-Ce-K/SiC催化剂，提高了松木屑的气化制氢性能。考察了Ce-K促进剂对催化性能和活性的协同作用。此外，在气化重整过程中，CaO被用作CO2捕集吸附剂。结果表明，在原位CO2吸附剂存在的情况下，优化Ce和K的负载可显著提高H2产率。在500℃条件下，10Ni4Ce1K/SiC催化剂的H2产率达到36.31 mmol/g，而在无CaO吸附剂条件下，10NiCeK/SiC催化剂的H2产率仅为5.28 mmol/g。10Ni4Ce1K/SiC催化剂通过CeO2的储氧能力和K的表面锚定的协同作用，维持了Ni0/NiO氧化还原平衡，导致H2产率最高，碳沉积主要由高度缺陷的无序结构组成。催化剂和CaO吸附剂的放置方式对气化重整行为也有影响。与直接物理混合相比，层状放置催化剂和CaO可以延缓CaO的烧结，经过10次循环后，层状放置的H2产率仍保持在82.9%。

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引用次数: 0

Boosting AnMBR resilience, methane recovery, and net energy gain with bamboo biochar under dynamic dairy waste loading 动态奶牛废弃物负荷下竹制生物炭提高AnMBR弹性、甲烷回收率和净能量增益

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108935

Moeri Miyahara , Gen Yoshida , Mohamed Farghali , Masahiro Iwasaki , Israa M.A. Mohamed , Ikko Ihara

The treatment of liquid dairy biomass presents significant operational challenges due to its high organic content and fluctuating load, which often destabilize anaerobic digestion processes. This study evaluated whether incorporating bamboo-derived biochar into an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) could enhance system stability, methane productivity, and energy recovery under dynamic organic loading regimes (OLRs). Biochar-added and conventional AnMBRs were operated under stepwise loading increases (4.3, 5.7, 8.6 kg-COD/m³/d) and an organic shock loading (1.0–8.6 kg-COD/m³/d). During stepwise OLR increases, the biochar-added reactor consistently achieved higher COD removal (up to 97 %) and methane yield (0.30 m³ CH₄/kg-COD/d). Under shock loading, the biochar-added reactor recovered methane production within nine days (0.22–0.25 m³/kg-COD/d), approximately four times faster than the control, which produced only 0.08 m³ CH₄/kg-COD/d during the first 20 days and required 40 days to stabilize. Biochar addition also suppressed volatile fatty acid accumulation by over 90 %. Microbial community analysis revealed that biochar supported a more resilient acetoclastic methanogenic community (Methanosaeta, Methanosarcina) and enriched syntrophic partners, whereas the control shifted toward hydrogenotrophic pathways under stress. COD and energy flow analyses further showed that biochar increased organic matter utilization and shifted the net energy potential from −4.2 × 10⁴ kJ/m³ in the control to 3.2 × 10⁴ kJ/m³, demonstrating positive net energy output under high-strength shock loading. This study presents biochar-added AnMBR as a dependable farm-scale solution for sustainable dairy wastewater management and circular waste reuse, demonstrating robust performance under real-world dynamic conditions.

液态乳生物质的处理由于其高有机含量和波动负荷而面临重大的操作挑战，这往往会破坏厌氧消化过程的稳定。本研究评估了在厌氧膜生物反应器（AnMBR）中加入竹源生物炭是否能在动态有机负荷（OLRs）下提高系统稳定性、甲烷产量和能量回收率。添加生物炭和常规anmbr在逐步增加负荷（4.3、5.7、8.6 kg-COD/m3/d）和有机冲击负荷（1.0-8.6 kg-COD/m3/d）下运行。在OLR逐步增加的过程中，生物炭反应器始终保持较高的COD去除率（高达97%）和甲烷产率（0.30 m3 CH4/kg-COD/d）。在冲击负荷下，生物炭反应器在9天内恢复了甲烷产量（0.22-0.25 m3/kg-COD/d），比对照组快了约4倍，对照组在前20天仅产生0.08 m3 CH4/kg-COD/d，需要40天才能稳定。添加生物炭还能抑制90%以上的挥发性脂肪酸积累。微生物群落分析表明，生物炭支持一个更有弹性的醋酸裂解产甲烷群落（Methanosaeta, Methanosarcina）和丰富的共生伙伴，而控制在胁迫下转向氢营养途径。COD和能量流分析进一步表明，生物炭提高了有机质利用率，并将净能势从对照组的- 4.2 × 104 kJ/m3转移到3.2 × 104 kJ/m3，显示出高强度冲击负荷下的正净能输出。本研究将添加生物炭的AnMBR作为一种可靠的农场规模的解决方案，用于可持续的乳制品废水管理和循环废物再利用，在现实世界的动态条件下展示了强大的性能。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative evaluation of fate of antibiotic resistance genes and fertilizer potential during conventional and continuous thermophilic composting of hydrothermally pretreated cattle manure 水热预处理牛粪常规与连续热堆肥过程中抗生素耐药基因命运及肥料潜力的比较评价

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109008

Dongbeom Im , Yiren Chen , Ilho Kim , Fumitake Nishimura

Livestock manure is a major reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), posing risks to agricultural and environmental systems. This study explores a novel coupling of hydrothermal pretreatment (HTP) with conventional (CC) and continuous thermophilic composting (CTC) to evaluate its effects on ARG fate and fertilizer potential using cattle manure with and without HTP. In both CC and CTC process, the germination index (GI) of compost P (with HTP; GI 38–126 %) was higher than that of compost C (without HTP; GI 33–108 %), indicating that the HTP can help improve fertilizer potential. In regard to the removal of ARGs, the initial concentration of ARG was 9 to 11-log (copies/g-dry), and 1.5 to 2.5-log reduction was obtained after composting processes. However, the final concentration of detected ARGs such as sul1 and tetA did not differ substantially between compost P and compost C. Meanwhile, energy consumption for HTP was estimated as a relatively low heating energy input (0.03 USD/kg-slurry), supporting its practical applicability. Overall, coupling HTP with composting offers a promising strategy to enhance compost quality while effectively reducing ARGs in final compost products.

畜禽粪便是抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）的主要储存库，对农业和环境系统构成风险。本研究探讨了水热预处理（HTP）与常规（CC）和连续嗜热堆肥（CTC）的新型耦合，以评估其对有和无水热预处理的牛粪ARG命运和肥料潜力的影响。在CC和CTC过程中，堆肥P（加HTP）的萌发指数（GI）（38 ~ 126%）高于堆肥C（不加HTP）（GI 33 ~ 108%），说明HTP有助于提高肥势。在去除ARG方面，ARG的初始浓度为9 ~ 11 log (copies/g-dry)，经过堆肥处理后，ARG的浓度降低了1.5 ~ 2.5 log。然而，堆肥P和堆肥c的最终检测到的ARGs如sul1和tetA的浓度没有太大差异。同时，HTP的能量消耗估计为相对较低的加热能量输入（0.03 USD/kg-slurry），支持其实用性。总体而言，将HTP与堆肥相结合提供了一种有前途的策略，可以提高堆肥质量，同时有效降低最终堆肥产品中的ARGs。

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引用次数: 0

Anaerobic co-digestion of aquaculture sludge and corn residues for methane production: Synergistic effect and kinetics 水产养殖污泥和玉米残渣厌氧共消化产甲烷：协同效应和动力学

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108979

Rajesh Nandi , Mohit Singh Rana , Paul B. Brown , Halis Simsek , Jen-Yi Huang , Ji-Qin Ni

Aquaculture sludge (AS) from recirculating aquaculture systems is a good candidate for anaerobic digestion to produce methane. However, its high protein content and low carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio can hinder efficient digestion. This study was conducted to assess the performance of anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) to enhance methane production from AS using corn residues (corn stover and corn husk) that are high-carbon feedstocks and help balance the C/N ratio. Batch experiments were conducted under mesophilic conditions for 30 days using seven different mixing ratios of AS and corn residues to determine the optimal ratios for AcoD. Five popular kinetic models were fitted to the experimental data to determine key kinetic parameters useful for a better understanding of the AcoD process. Experimental results showed that the highest specific methane production per gram of volatile solids (VS) was 308.9 mL g⁻¹ VS from the 30:70 ratio of corn husk to AS and 275.98 mL g⁻¹ VS from the 50:50 ratio of corn stover to AS. These production rates were 34.64 % and 20.29 % higher than those from the mono-digestion of AS and 43.32 % and 21.47 % higher than those from the mono-digestion of corn husk and corn stover, respectively. Kinetic study results showed that all five models can effectively describe the AcoD process with an R² > 0.9. The Cone model showed the highest goodness of fit and is therefore the most suitable for predicting methane production from AcoD of AS and corn residues. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of AcoD of AS with corn residues in boosting methane production.

来自循环水养殖系统的水产养殖污泥（AS）是厌氧消化产生甲烷的良好候选者。但其蛋白质含量高，碳氮比低，不利于消化效率的提高。本研究旨在评估厌氧共消化（AcoD）的性能，以提高利用玉米秸秆（玉米秸秆和玉米壳）作为高碳原料的AS的甲烷产量，并有助于平衡碳氮比。在中温条件下，采用7种不同的AS与玉米秸秆混合配比，进行了30 d的批量试验，以确定AcoD的最佳配比。将五种常用的动力学模型拟合到实验数据中，以确定有助于更好地理解AcoD过程的关键动力学参数。实验结果表明，当玉米秸秆与AS的比例为30:70时，每克挥发性固体的比甲烷产量最高，为308.9 mL g−1 VS；当玉米秸秆与AS的比例为50:50时，每克挥发性固体的比甲烷产量最高，为275.98 mL g−1 VS。这些产量分别比单消化AS的产量高34.64%和20.29%，比单消化玉米壳和玉米秸秆的产量分别高43.32%和21.47%。动力学研究结果表明，5种模型均能有效描述AcoD过程，R2 > 0.9。圆锥模型的拟合优度最高，因此最适合预测玉米秸秆和玉米秸秆的产甲烷量。上述结果表明，玉米秸秆与AS的AcoD在促进甲烷产量方面是有效的。

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引用次数: 0

Enzyme-driven microbial valorisation of agri-residues: From waste to sustainable bio-based products 农业残留物的酶驱动微生物增值：从废物到可持续的生物基产品

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109000

Atif Khurshid Wani , Zehra Khan , Noureddine Elboughdiri , Jaskaran Singh , Karim Kriaa , Chemseddine Maatki , Wajid Mohammad Sheikh , Umesh Goutam

Waste generation continues to increase with population growth and intensified farming activities. The improper disposal of agricultural residues through open burning, dumping, or landfilling leads to greenhouse gas emissions, and environmental degradation. Agri-residues, including husks, straws, peels, and processing by-products, hold substantial potential for value-added utilisation. Given their high organic content, they serve as excellent substrates for microbial biotransformation, a process that converts waste into value-added bio-based products such as biopolymers, bioenergy, biofertilizers and so on. Microbial enzymes play a vital role in facilitating efficient bioconversion and improving product yield. This review article provides an overview of recent advancements in microbial biotransformation of agricultural waste, emphasizing the underlying mechanisms and potential applications. Bacillus sp., Trichoderma sp., Lactobacillus sp., Aspergillus sp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae are widely used and extensively researched species due to their high fermentation efficiency, substrate adaptability, and well-established industrial use. Microbial enzymes such as cellulase, laccase, amylase, xylanase, ligninase proved efficiency and feasibility in valorisation in multiple studies. By transforming residues into high-value products, this approach contributes significantly to advancing a circular and resource-efficient bioeconomy, promoting environmental sustainability alongside economic development. The discussion also encompasses both the prevailing challenges and the prospective advancements of this sustainable strategy.

随着人口的增长和农业活动的加剧，废物的产生继续增加。通过露天焚烧、倾倒或填埋等方式不当处理农业残留物，导致温室气体排放和环境退化。农业残留物，包括谷壳、秸秆、果皮和加工副产品，具有巨大的增值利用潜力。由于它们的高有机含量，它们是微生物生物转化的优良底物，这一过程将废物转化为增值的生物基产品，如生物聚合物、生物能源、生物肥料等。微生物酶在促进高效生物转化和提高产品产量方面起着至关重要的作用。本文综述了农业废弃物微生物转化研究的最新进展，重点介绍了微生物转化的机制和潜在应用。Bacillus sp.、Trichoderma sp.、Lactobacillus sp.、Aspergillus sp.、Saccharomyces cerevisiae因其发酵效率高、对底物适应性强、工业应用广泛而被广泛使用和研究。纤维素酶、漆酶、淀粉酶、木聚糖酶、木质素酶等微生物酶在多次研究中证明了其有效性和可行性。通过将残留物转化为高价值产品，这种方法有助于推进循环和资源节约型生物经济，在经济发展的同时促进环境的可持续性。讨论还包括当前的挑战和这一可持续战略的预期进展。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of activation route and doping on porosity and nitrogen retention on natural fibers 活化途径和掺杂对天然纤维孔隙率和氮潴留的影响

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108992

P.J. Arauzo , M. Checa-Gómez , J. De Smedt , A. Van Cleemput , P.A. Maziarka , S.A. Nicolae , F. Ronsse

In this study, the effect of urea and asparagine as potential N-doping precursors was compared in both one-step (activation) and two-step processes (hydrothermal carbonization + activation) using natural fibers (Kapok) as a precursor. The resulting activated carbons (ACs) were characterized for surface functional groups (FTIR and XPS), specific surface area (SSA, m²/g) and surface morphology. A comprehensive analytical approach was used to assess the surface chemistry, nitrogen speciation, and porosity development of the materials. Respect to dopant selection, urea doped materials led to a better N incorporation and higher specific surface area than those with asparagine. AC-HTC-600-U exhibited higher SSA (approximately 350 m²/g) and N-pyridine and N-pyrrolic species compared to AC-HTC-800-U (approximately 150 m²/g), while AC-HTC-800 showed higher N-graphitic species. Discrepancies between XPS and elemental analysis suggested a heterogeneous N distribution, associated to the dopant decomposition mechanism. Furthermore, SSA decay between 600 °C and 800 °C may support the microstructure collapse, highlighting the importance of a deep DFT analysis of the pore structure. These findings underscore the importance of dopant selection and temperature control in tailoring nitrogen retention and pore development in biomass-derived carbons and provide process-carbon structure pathway for designing sustainable N-doped porous carbons for supercapacitor electrodes and related energy-storage applications.

本研究以天然纤维（木棉）为前驱体，比较了尿素和天冬酰胺作为n掺杂前驱体在一步法（活化）和两步法（水热碳化+活化）中的作用。对活性炭的表面官能团（FTIR和XPS）、比表面积（SSA, m2/g）和表面形貌进行了表征。综合分析方法用于评估材料的表面化学，氮形态和孔隙度发展。在掺杂剂选择方面，尿素掺杂材料比天冬酰胺掺杂材料更有利于氮素的掺入和更高的比表面积。AC-HTC-600-U比AC-HTC-800- u（约150 m2/g）表现出更高的SSA（约350 m2/g）和n -吡啶和n -吡啶类物质，而AC-HTC-800表现出更高的n -石墨类物质。XPS和元素分析的差异表明氮的分布不均，这与掺杂剂的分解机制有关。此外，SSA在600°C和800°C之间的衰减可能支持微观结构的崩溃，突出了孔隙结构的深度DFT分析的重要性。这些发现强调了掺杂剂选择和温度控制在调整生物质衍生碳的氮保留和孔隙发育中的重要性，并为超级电容器电极和相关储能应用设计可持续的n掺杂多孔碳提供了工艺碳结构途径。

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引用次数: 0

Glucose-driven uncoupling of methanogenesis from acidogenesis to generate carboxylates in anaerobic digestion: Insights into microbial dynamics and operational parameters 厌氧消化中葡萄糖驱动的产甲烷解耦从产酸到产生羧酸：微生物动力学和操作参数的见解

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108990

Hye Won Kim , Wangsuk Oh , Ping Liu , Xiao Su , Roderick I. Mackie

Anaerobic digestion is a process for resource recovery used to produce biogas. However, research focus has shifted toward producing valuable carboxylates due to low natural gas costs. This study uncoupled methanogenesis from acidogenesis by adding glucose as an external carbon source to maintain low pH and enable stable carboxylate production in bioreactors inoculated with beef cattle waste. The central pattern observed involves glucose utilization converted predominantly to lactate or acetate inhibiting methanogenesis. Shorter retention times (5 vs. 20 days) increased total acid production (53.5 vs. 49.7 g/L), especially lactate and butyrate, while recirculation changed acid profiles toward acetate (about 30–60 % increases). Adjustment of pH from acidic (pH 4.0) to neutral (pH 6.5) enhanced total acid accumulation (up to 58.0 g/L) with acetate as a dominant product, whereas lactate production significantly decreased by about 80 %. Chemical oxygen demand analysis also showed improved carbon conversion with recirculation and pH adjustment, which highlights their role in enhancing carboxylate yields. Microbial community analysis revealed Bacillota (49.4–63.8 %) – Bacilli (33.9–64.7 %) – Bacillus (4.3–35.8 %) as the predominant taxa. Lactic acid bacteria played an important role in early lactate production. Methanogens were detected early, indicating successful inhibition of methanogenesis in later phases. Network analysis further identified Clostridia and Dysgonomonas as major contributors to acetate production and linked Lactiplantibacillus to lactate accumulation. These findings highlight operational parameters in carboxylate profiles and microbial dynamics during anaerobic fermentation with glucose as an external carbon source. We suggest that this mechanism would also apply to any other soluble, rapidly fermented carbohydrate substrate source.

厌氧消化是一种用于生产沼气的资源回收过程。然而，由于天然气成本低，研究重点已转向生产有价值的羧酸盐。本研究通过添加葡萄糖作为外部碳源，在接种牛粪的生物反应器中维持低pH值，并使羧酸盐生产稳定，从而将产甲烷与产酸分离。观察到的中心模式涉及葡萄糖利用主要转化为乳酸或醋酸盐抑制甲烷生成。较短的保留时间（5天vs. 20天）增加了总酸产量（53.5 g/L vs. 49.7 g/L），尤其是乳酸和丁酸盐，而再循环改变了醋酸盐的酸谱（约增加30 - 60%）。将pH值从酸性（pH 4.0）调整为中性（pH 6.5），增加了总酸积累（高达58.0 g/L），乙酸为主要产物，而乳酸产量显著减少约80%。化学需氧量分析还表明，再循环和pH调节可以提高碳转化率，这突出了它们在提高羧酸盐收率方面的作用。微生物区系分析显示，Bacillota (49.4 ~ 63.8%) - Bacilli (33.9 ~ 64.7%) - Bacillus（4.3 ~ 35.8%）为优势类群。乳酸菌在早期乳酸生产中起着重要作用。早期检测到产甲烷菌，表明在后期成功抑制了产甲烷。网络分析进一步确定梭状芽胞杆菌和厌糖单胞菌是醋酸盐生产的主要贡献者，乳酸杆菌与乳酸积累有关。这些发现突出了在葡萄糖作为外部碳源的厌氧发酵中羧酸盐剖面和微生物动力学的操作参数。我们认为这一机制也适用于任何其他可溶性的、快速发酵的碳水化合物底物来源。

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引用次数: 0

Trade-offs and synergies in nitrogen management for fodder sorghum: enhancing yield, energy efficiency, and carbon budgeting 饲料高粱氮素管理的权衡与协同效应：提高产量、能源效率和碳预算

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108981

Mohd Arif , R. Pourouchottamane , Ravindra Kumar , Arvind Kumar , Mohammad Hasanain , B. Rai , M.K. Singh , A.K. Dixit , Rakesh Kumar , Vijay Singh Meena , Raghavendra Singh , Sunita Kumari Meena , Vinod Kumar Singh

Efficient nitrogen (N) management is critical for improving productivity and environmental sustainability in fodder-based production systems. This research evaluated the impact of different N-sources [inorganic (urea), organic (vermicompost-VC and poultry manure-PM)], and their combinations on yield, energy use efficiency, and carbon budgeting in fodder sorghum. A two-year field experiment (2021–2022) was conducted using nine treatments in a randomized block design. The treatment combining 75 % N from urea with 25 % from VC produced the highest green fodder yield (50.32 t ha⁻¹) and dry fodder yield (10.33 t ha⁻¹), representing a 30.60 % and 42.68 % increase, respectively, over 100 % N from urea. Energy input was highest in the full urea treatment (14,774 MJ ha⁻¹) and lowest in PM (9704 MJ ha⁻¹). The integrated 75:25 urea-VC treatment achieved the highest energy use efficiency. Carbon emission analysis showed nutrient management as the largest contributor (∼49 %) to emissions, with maximum emissions from urea (912 kg CO₂-e ha⁻¹) and minimum from PM (396 kg CO₂-e ha⁻¹). The integrated treatment also recorded the highest net carbon gain and carbon output. Overall, integrating organic manures, especially VC (vermicompost) with chemical fertilizers optimizes sorghum fodder yield, improves energy use efficiency, and significantly reduces carbon emissions. These findings offer scalable, climate-resilient solutions for tropical and subtropical forage production systems and contribute meaningfully to global efforts toward net-zero agriculture, emission reduction, and United Nations Sustainable Development Goals related to climate action and sustainable food systems.

有效的氮管理对于提高饲料生产系统的生产力和环境可持续性至关重要。本研究评价了不同氮源[无机（尿素）、有机（蚯蚓堆肥- vc和禽粪- pm）]及其组合对饲用高粱产量、能量利用效率和碳预算的影响。为期两年的田间试验（2021-2022）采用随机区组设计，采用9个处理。75%尿素施氮与25% VC施氮组合处理青饲料产量最高（50.32 t ha - 1），干饲料产量最高（10.33 t ha - 1），比100%尿素施氮分别提高30.60%和42.68%。全尿素处理的能量输入最高（14774 MJ ha - 1）， PM处理的能量输入最低（9704 MJ ha - 1）。75:25尿素- vc综合处理获得最高的能量利用效率。碳排放分析显示，养分管理是碳排放的最大贡献者（~ 49%），其中尿素排放量最大（912 kg CO2-e ha - 1）， PM排放量最小（396 kg CO2-e ha - 1）。综合处理也记录了最高的净碳增益和碳输出。综上所述，有机肥特别是蚯蚓堆肥与化肥配合施用可优化高粱饲料产量，提高能源利用效率，显著降低碳排放。这些发现为热带和亚热带饲料生产系统提供了可扩展的、具有气候适应性的解决方案，并为实现净零农业、减排和与气候行动和可持续粮食系统相关的联合国可持续发展目标的全球努力做出了有意义的贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Electrochemical characterization of biochar-based supercapacitor electrodes produced from gasification of cashew nut shells 腰果壳气化制备生物炭基超级电容器电极的电化学表征

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108922

Manoj Prabhakar K. , V.M. Jaganathan , C. Nithya , Sodha Meetrajsingh , Thanigai Arul Kumaravelu , Chung-Li Dong

This study presents a novel, first-of-its-kind synthesis and comprehensive characterization of cashew nutshell (CNS)-derived biochar for supercapacitor (SC) applications via a single-step, self-sustained gasification process, wherein no secondary or energy-intensive post-treatments - such as chemical activation, physical activation involving high-temperature steam or CO

_{2},

or hydrothermal activation - were employed. Instead, biochar generated as a by-product from conventional medium- to large-scale gasification was directly valorized using a canonical laboratory-scale batch-type reactor that closely replicates the operating principles and reaction environment of commercial downdraft gasifiers, ensuring both technological relevance and scalability. Two CNS biochar’s synthesized under different air superficial velocities (5 cm/s and 20 cm/s) were systematically investigated. Structural and chemical characterization using X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the amorphous carbon framework, while synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy revealed a lower unoccupied density of states in the C 2p

π

* orbital and a higher degree of carbon disorder in CNS-5 compared to CNS-20. Electrochemical performance was rigorously evaluated through a comprehensive three-electrode configuration and validated using a two-electrode symmetric cell, providing a realistic assessment of device-level performance. The CNS-5 electrode exhibited a high specific capacitance of 186 F/g along with excellent electrochemical durability, retaining 137% of its capacitance after 10,000 charge–discharge cycles at 5 A/g. Furthermore, a symmetric supercapacitor assembled using CNS-5 with 6 M KOH electrolyte and operated within a 1 V potential window delivered a specific capacitance of 38 F/g, a maximum power density of 1503 W/kg, and an energy density of 5.4 Wh/kg. Overall, this work demonstrates a novel, scalable, and sustainable gasification-enabled route for producing functional biochar electrodes, paving the way for green and a self-sustaining circular energy-materials supply chain.

本研究提出了一种新颖的、首创的腰果壳（CNS）衍生生物炭的合成和综合表征，通过单步、自持气化过程用于超级电容器（SC）应用，其中没有二次或能源密集型后处理-如化学活化、涉及高温蒸汽或二氧化碳的物理活化或水热活化-被采用。相反，生物炭作为传统中大型气化的副产品，直接使用标准的实验室规模间歇式反应器进行气化，该反应器密切复制了商业下吸式气化炉的工作原理和反应环境，确保了技术的相关性和可扩展性。对两种不同空气表面速度（5 cm/s和20 cm/s）下的CNS生物炭的合成进行了系统研究。x射线衍射和拉曼光谱的结构和化学表征证实了CNS-5的非晶态碳骨架，而基于同步加速器的x射线吸收光谱显示，CNS-5的c2p π*轨道的未占据态密度较低，碳无序程度较高。电化学性能通过全面的三电极配置进行严格评估，并使用双电极对称电池进行验证，提供了对设备级性能的现实评估。CNS-5电极具有186 F/g的高比电容和优异的电化学耐久性，在5 a /g的条件下，在10,000次充放电循环后仍能保持137%的电容。此外，CNS-5在6 M KOH电解液中组装的对称超级电容器在1 V电位窗口内工作，其比电容为38 F/g，最大功率密度为1503 W/kg，能量密度为5.4 Wh/kg。总的来说，这项工作展示了一种新的、可扩展的、可持续的气化路线，用于生产功能性生物炭电极，为绿色和自我维持的循环能源材料供应链铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0