Biomass & Bioenergy最新文献_第7页

The effect of activation on algal char catalyst's physiochemical properties and catalytic performance of algae pyrolysis 活化对藻类炭催化剂理化性质及藻类热解催化性能的影响

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108867

Shannan Xu , Zhiqiang Liu , Jiangyi Zhou , Yayuan Xiao , Zhe Zhang , Mao Mu , Shuang Wang

Alga, rich in lipids and nitrogen, is a promising biofuel feedstock to alleviate the fossil fuel scarcity and reduce CO₂ emission and thus is pyrolyzed to obtain bio-oil. To further reduce the content of heteroatoms (O and N) within bio-oil, catalyst was applied to the pyrolysis. Aiming at developing economical catalyst, this study takes algal char from pyrolysis of Sargassum fusiforme (SF) as the feedstock of nitrogen-doped carbon catalyst and evaluate the catalyst performance on SF pyrolysis. Specifically, several catalyst preparation parameters, such as chemical activation agents (NaOH and KOH), activation temperature (700–900 °C), the ratio of chemical activating agents (50 %–66.7 %) and activation atmosphere, were systematically considered. The obtained catalyst was evaluated and applied to catalyze the pyrolysis of SF. It was found that the optimized condition was 800 °C and 40 % load of NaOH and such activation enhances the catalyst's specific surface area, predominantly microporous structure and higher pyrrolic nitrogen and oxidized nitrogen. Especially, NaOH activation, rather than KOH activation, facilitates the incorporation of more pyrrolic nitrogen and oxidized nitrogen. With these beneficial properties, catalyst effectively facilitated the cracking and reformation of volatile compounds through decarboxylation, decarbonylation, dehydration, and aromatization reactions, resulting in an increase in hydrocarbons in the bio-oil to 27.79 % and a rise in non-condensable gases from 22.65 wt% to 28.67 %-33.05 wt%. With such findings, this study shows the feasible application of self-originating catalyst to catalytic pyrolysis.

藻类富含脂质和氮，是一种很有前途的生物燃料原料，可以缓解化石燃料的短缺和减少二氧化碳的排放，因此可以通过热解得到生物油。为了进一步降低生物油中杂原子（O和N）的含量，采用催化剂进行热解。以开发经济型催化剂为目标，以马尾藻（Sargassum fususiforme， SF）热解产生的藻炭作为氮掺杂碳催化剂的原料，对催化剂在马尾藻热解过程中的性能进行了评价。具体而言，系统考虑了化学活化剂（NaOH和KOH）、活化温度（700 ~ 900℃）、化学活化剂配比（50% ~ 66.7%）和活化气氛等催化剂制备参数。对所得催化剂进行了评价，并将其应用于催化SF热解。结果表明，最佳活化条件为800℃，NaOH用量为40%，提高了催化剂的比表面积、微孔结构和较高的吡咯氮和氧化氮。特别是，NaOH活化，而不是KOH活化，有利于更多的吡咯氮和氧化氮的掺入。凭借这些有利的性质，催化剂通过脱羧、脱羰、脱水和芳构化反应，有效地促进了挥发性化合物的裂解和重整，使生物油中的碳氢化合物含量增加到27.79%，不凝性气体含量从22.65 wt%增加到28.67% -33.05 wt%。本研究结果表明，自产催化剂在催化热解中的应用是可行的。

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引用次数: 0

Techno-functional role of biochar in construction materials for a sustainable and carbon-neutral built environment: A comprehensive review 生物炭在建筑材料中对可持续和碳中性建筑环境的技术功能作用：综合综述

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108919

I. Baskar, R.V. Nivethitha

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions contribute globally toward higher greenhouse gas (GHG) levels, driven by various natural and man-made activities. Among these activities, the dumping of biomass in landfills and construction activities due to urbanization are considered key drivers of these emissions. This review presents a solution to address both issues by utilizing biochar in construction materials and as an artificial carbon sink. These novel biochar materials mitigate CO₂ emissions by not only reducing cement consumption through partial substitution but also sequestering carbon for longer periods. This paper first explores the conversion of biomass waste into biochar through various thermochemical methods, detailing the degradation stages and the effects of conversion on biomass. The physicochemical properties of the produced biochar may vary depending on its biomass source and production methods. To enhance these properties, activation methods are employed, and their impact on biochar's characteristics is analyzed. Additionally, reaction mechanisms of various activation agents with biochar are studied. The substitution of biochar into the conventional construction materials increases its carbon capture potential, along with specific changes in fresh and mechanical properties. The observed changes are primarily influenced by biomass type, substitution level, particle size, morphology, and the physicochemical composition of biochar, with interdependent properties, and their effects are discussed in this review. Microstructural studies using various characterization techniques are generally employed to validate the CO₂ sequestration potential and mechanical properties. Moreover, a life cycle assessment (LCA) and a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) are conducted to assess the environmental and cost reduction advantages of integrating biochar into construction materials, contributing toward a sustainable built environment.

在各种自然和人为活动的推动下，二氧化碳（CO2）排放导致全球温室气体（GHG）水平升高。在这些活动中，在垃圾填埋场倾倒生物质和城市化导致的建筑活动被认为是这些排放的主要驱动因素。本文综述了利用生物炭作为建筑材料和人工碳汇来解决这两个问题的解决方案。这些新型生物炭材料不仅通过部分替代减少了水泥的消耗，而且还可以长时间地固碳，从而减少了二氧化碳的排放。本文首先探讨了通过各种热化学方法将生物质废弃物转化为生物炭，详细介绍了降解阶段和转化对生物质的影响。所生产的生物炭的物理化学性质可能因其生物质来源和生产方法而异。为了提高这些性能，采用了活化方法，并分析了它们对生物炭特性的影响。此外，还研究了各种活化剂与生物炭的反应机理。生物炭替代传统建筑材料增加了其碳捕获潜力，以及新鲜和机械性能的特定变化。所观察到的变化主要受生物炭的生物量类型、取代水平、粒径、形态和物理化学组成的影响，并具有相互依存的特性，本文将对其影响进行讨论。显微结构研究通常采用各种表征技术来验证CO2固存潜力和力学性能。此外，还进行了生命周期评估（LCA）和成本效益分析（CBA），以评估将生物炭融入建筑材料的环境和成本降低优势，为可持续建筑环境做出贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Reduction of cobalt species on biochar from corn husk waste for NaBH4 hydrolysis 玉米壳废弃物生物炭上钴种的还原及NaBH4水解研究

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108840

Melany Alejandra Ruiz López , Humberto Vieira Fajardo , André Esteves Nogueira , Guilherme Max Dias Ferreira , Thamiris Ferreira de Souza , Thenner Silva Rodrigues , Felipe Anchieta e Silva , Gabriel Max Dias Ferreira

Biochar-supported cobalt catalysts have shown promise for NaBH₄ hydrolysis. However, no systematic studies have examined how the production route affects the formation of active cobalt phases and, consequently, catalytic performance. Here, cobalt-modified biochars derived from corn husks, obtained by modification with cobalt (i) pre-pyrolysis and (ii) post-pyrolysis, were evaluated as catalysts in NaBH₄ hydrolysis. In route (i), corn husk biomass was previously impregnated with CoCl₂ and reduced with NaBH₄, followed by pyrolysis at 400 or 500 °C to obtain the catalyst. In route (ii), pristine biochar pyrolyzed at 400 °C was impregnated with CoCl₂, reduced with NaBH₄, and calcined at the same temperature. Characterization by FTIR, XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, and EDS revealed that both the modification route and the pyrolysis temperature influenced the structure, chemistry, and morphology of the catalysts. The pre-pyrolysis modification followed by pyrolysis at 400 °C (route (i)) resulted in the formation of amorphous CoO/Co₃O₄ nanoparticles (∼2 nm) that were more highly dispersed on the biochar, while use of the higher pyrolysis temperature in route (i) or the post-pyrolysis modification (route (ii)) favored the formation of larger particles and more crystalline Co⁰ and Co₃(BO₃)₂. These differences affected catalytic performance, with the material obtained in route (i) at 400 °C exhibiting the highest hydrogen generation rate (1416.5 mL g⁻¹ min⁻¹; 25 °C), with E_a = 45.13 kJ mol⁻¹. Overall, the results demonstrated that controlling the cobalt phase through the production route and the pyrolysis temperature can enable the development of sustainable and effective biochar-based catalysts derived from agricultural waste.

生物炭负载的钴催化剂在NaBH4水解方面表现出了良好的前景。然而，没有系统的研究考察了生产路线如何影响活性钴相的形成，从而影响催化性能。本研究以玉米壳为原料，通过(i)预热解和（ii）后热解对钴进行改性得到钴改性生物炭，并对其作为NaBH4水解催化剂进行了评价。在方法(i)中，先用CoCl2浸渍玉米壳生物质，然后用NaBH4还原，然后在400或500℃热解得到催化剂。在途径（ii）中，在400°C下热解的原始生物炭被CoCl2浸渍，用NaBH4还原，并在相同温度下煅烧。通过FTIR、XRD、XPS、SEM、TEM和EDS等表征表明，改性路线和热解温度对催化剂的结构、化学性质和形貌均有影响。热解前改性后，在400°C（路径i）下热解，形成无定形的CoO/Co3O4纳米颗粒（~ 2 nm），其在生物炭上的分散性更高，而在路径i中使用较高的热解温度或热解后改性（路径ii）有利于形成更大的颗粒和更结晶的Co0和Co3(BO3)2。这些差异影响了催化性能，途径(i)在400°C时获得的材料的产氢率最高（1416.5 mL g−1 min−1;25°C）， Ea = 45.13 kJ mol−1。总体而言，研究结果表明，通过生产路线和热解温度控制钴相可以开发可持续有效的农业废弃物生物炭基催化剂。

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引用次数: 0

Conversion of kitchen waste to bioenergy: Influence of microwave and thermal pretreatment 餐厨垃圾转化为生物能源：微波和热预处理的影响

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108918

Ouafa Achouri , Antonio Panico , Kerroum Derbal , Meriem Bouteraa , Rania Zerdazi , Capone Annalinda , Mosaab Bencheikh-le-Hocine

Kitchen waste (KW) is a promising substrate for anaerobic digestion (AD) due to its high carbon and moisture content; however, its complex structure limits biogas production. This study evaluated the impact of varying substrate/inoculum (S/I) ratios, between 0.5 and 4, based on total volatile solids (TVS), pretreatment methods (thermal heating (TH) and microwave irradiation (MWI)), and operating temperatures on the AD performance of KW.

Under mesophilic (37 °C) and thermophilic (55 °C) conditions, biogas production varied significantly with varying S/I ratios, confirming the strong influence of feed loading. Pretreatment greatly improved biodegradability: soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) increased by 47 % after TH at 250 °C for 30 min, and by 63 % after MWI at 1000W for 2 min. These gains resulted in higher biogas yields, with increases of 69.77 (1539.90 mL/gTVS) for TH and 54.22 (1398.92 mL/g TVS) for MWI compared to unpretreated KW (907.06 mL/g TVS). The modified Gompertz model accurately fit the data (R² > 0.98), allowing reliable prediction of biogas yields and kinetics. These results show that optimized S/I ratios combined with effective pretreatments can greatly enhance KW valorization through AD.

厨余垃圾（KW）是一种很有前途的厌氧消化（AD）基质，因为它的高碳和高水分含量；然而，其复杂的结构限制了沼气的生产。本研究基于总挥发性固体（TVS）、预处理方法（热加热（TH）和微波辐照（MWI））和操作温度，评估了0.5 ~ 4之间不同底物/接种物（S/I）比对kw AD性能的影响。在中温（37°C）和亲热（55°C）条件下，不同S/I比的生物气产量变化显著，证实了进料负荷的强烈影响。预处理大大提高了生物降解性：250°C高温处理30分钟后，可溶性化学需氧量（COD）提高了47%，1000W高温处理2分钟后，COD提高了63%。与未处理的KW （907.06 mL/gTVS）相比，这些增益导致了更高的沼气产量，TH增加了69.77 (1539.90 mL/gTVS)， MWI增加了54.22 （1398.92 mL/gTVS）。修正后的Gompertz模型准确拟合数据（R2 > 0.98），可以可靠地预测沼气产量和动力学。结果表明，优化后的S/I比与有效的预处理相结合，可显著提高AD的KW值。

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引用次数: 0

Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of rice straw for production of high quality bio-oil 秸秆催化水热液化生产高品质生物油

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108887

Bijoy Biswas, Mridusmita Dutta, Sandeep Kumar, Rawel Singh

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) offers a promising pathway for producing high-quality bio-oil, which can serve as a renewable source of chemicals and fuels. This study explores the potential of rice straw (RS) hydrothermal liquefaction for synthesizing phenolic compounds rich bio-oil under different reaction temperatures, retention times, and catalysts. The use of K₂CO₃ and solid catalysts (Kaolin (KA), Fe/KA, Ni/KA, and Ni-Fe/KA) promoted the HTL of RS. Maximum bio-oil yield (23.91 wt%) was obtained with Ni/KA and K₂CO₃ catalysts, compared to bio-oil yield of 10.8 wt% under non catalytic condition as well as under catalytic conditions using with KA (21.21 wt%), Fe/KA (19.1 wt%), and Ni-Fe/KA (19.5 wt%) at 270 °C with retention time of 30 min. Bio-oils were characterized using various analytical methods such as GC-MS, FT-IR, NMR, TGA, UV–Vis and CHNS analysis. Alkaline salt, in the presence of the Ni/KA catalyst, promoted the cleavage of C-O bonds of lignin present in RS biomass, resulting in higher yields of phenolic compounds compared to the non-catalytic and other catalytic conditions. Syringyl-type (S-type) phenols were highest with KA and Fe/KA, while Ni/KA showed a lower amount of phenols. Guaiacyl-type (G-type) phenols were produced in higher amount using Fe/KA, whereas Ni/KA yielded the highest p-hydroxyphenyl-type (H-type) phenols. Furthermore, high higher heating value (HHV) and lower oxygen content of bio oil were also achieved with Ni/KA catalyst.

水热液化（HTL）为生产高质量的生物油提供了一条很有前途的途径，可作为化学品和燃料的可再生来源。研究了在不同反应温度、保留时间和催化剂条件下，利用水热液化技术合成富含酚类化合物的生物油的潜力。K2CO3和固体催化剂（高岭土（KA）、Fe/KA、Ni/KA和Ni-Fe/KA）的使用提高了RS的HTL， Ni/KA和K2CO3催化剂的生物油收率最高（23.91 wt%），而非催化条件下的生物油收率为10.8 wt%，而在270℃、保留时间为30 min的催化条件下，KA （21.21 wt%）、Fe/KA （19.1 wt%）和Ni-Fe/KA （19.5 wt%）的生物油收率最高。采用GC-MS、FT-IR、NMR、TGA、UV-Vis和CHNS等分析方法对生物油进行了表征。在Ni/KA催化剂存在下，碱性盐促进RS生物质中木质素C-O键的断裂，与非催化和其他催化条件相比，酚类化合物的产率更高。在KA和Fe/KA中，丁香基型（s型）酚含量最高，而Ni/KA中酚含量较低。Fe/KA制备愈创木酰基（g型）苯酚产量较高，而Ni/KA制备对羟基苯基（h型）苯酚产量最高。此外，Ni/KA催化剂还可以获得较高的热值（HHV）和较低的氧含量。

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引用次数: 0

IEA Bioenergy: Update 78 国际能源署生物能源：更新78

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108611

Christiane Hennig, Andrea Rossi, Karin Pettersson

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Quantum chemical theoretical study on the reaction mechanisms of model compound cellobiose into furfural and dehydration reaction” [Biomass Bioenerg. 208 (2026) 108875] “模型化合物纤维素二糖成糠醛和脱水反应机理的量子化学理论研究”的勘误表[生物质生物能源，208 (2026)108875]

IF 6 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108917

Kaizheng Wang, Feipeng Wang, Jian Li, Zhengyong Huang

引用次数: 0

Synergistic effects of co-hydrothermal carbonization of fish and corn waste on hydrochar structure, functionality, and adsorption performance 鱼和玉米废弃物共水热碳化对碳氢化合物结构、功能和吸附性能的协同效应

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108897

Tatwadhika Rangin Siddhartha , Alireza Pourvahabi Anbari , Alireza Ranjbari , Clovis Awah Che , Keshab K. Adhikary , Frederik Ronsse , Philippe M. Heynderickx

The growing volumes of wet organic waste, particularly from marine and agricultural sectors, present a challenge for sustainable waste management and resource recovery. Co-hydrothermal carbonization (co-HTC) offers a promising pathway to valorize such waste by tuning the physicochemical properties of hydrochar for environmental applications. In this study, fish waste was blended with corn cob in five mass ratios (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100) and subjected to HTC at 220 °C for 6 h (water-to-biomass ratio = 7). The resulting hydrochars were characterized using proximate and elemental analysis, BET surface area (35.2–117.9 m²/g), FTIR spectroscopy, PZC, and TGA to assess structural, chemical, and thermal properties. A balanced 50:50 blend (HC3) achieved a synergistic improvement in adsorption performance, reaching capacities of 1.4 mg/g for doxycycline hyclate, 4.8 mg/g for methyl orange, and 3.7 mg/g for methylene blue—exceeding the average of single-feedstock hydrochars by more than 4-fold in some cases. Functional group analysis and DFT insights confirmed that HC3 combines the high reactivity of nitrogen-rich fish components with the porosity of lignocellulosic corn residues. These findings demonstrate that feedstock engineering in co-HTC enables the tailored design of hydrochar properties, unlocking new applications in pollutant removal while supporting circular economy strategies for organic waste valorization.

湿有机废物的数量不断增加，特别是来自海洋和农业部门，对可持续废物管理和资源回收提出了挑战。Co-hydrothermal carbonization （co-HTC）提供了一种很有前途的途径，通过调整碳氢化合物的物理化学性质来实现这类废物的增值。在本研究中，将鱼废与玉米芯按5种质量比（100:0、75:25、50:50、25:75和0:100）混合，在220°C下HTC加热6 h（水生物质比= 7）。通过近似分析和元素分析，BET表面积（35.2-117.9 m2/g）， FTIR光谱，PZC和TGA来评估结构，化学和热性质。平衡的50:50混合物（HC3）在吸附性能上实现了协同改善，对水合强力霉素的吸附能力达到1.4 mg/g，对甲基橙的吸附能力达到4.8 mg/g，对亚甲基蓝的吸附能力达到3.7 mg/g，在某些情况下超过了单原料碳氢化合物的4倍以上。官能团分析和DFT分析证实，HC3结合了富氮鱼类成分的高反应性和木质纤维素玉米残留物的孔隙性。这些发现表明，co-HTC的原料工程能够实现烃类特性的量身定制设计，解锁污染物去除的新应用，同时支持有机废物增值的循环经济战略。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainable biodiesel production from wild seed oil crop Malcolmia africana using green tea waste-derived copper nano catalyst 利用绿茶废料衍生的铜纳米催化剂从野生油料作物非洲豆中可持续生产生物柴油

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108916

Abeera Gul , Mushtaq Ahmad , You-Cai Xiong , Shazia Sultana , Chong Liang Luo , Shah Fahad , Shaista Jabeen , Bakhtiyar Khudayarov , Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli

The quest for sustainable energy demands novel biofuel feedstocks and green catalytic processes. In the current study, Malcolmia africana, a highly growing and resilient herb, boasting a remarkable 52 % oil content and 0.18 % FFA was utilized as a new biodiesel feedstock. A green copper sulfide nano catalyst, that was synthesized from the low-cost inorganic salt copper sulfate pentahydrate and waste green tea extract (a sustainable organic reducer), increased the process sustainability. The Structural and morphological verification through FTIR, EDX, XRD, and SEM authenticated a highly crystalline, phase-pure CuS nano catalyst, having rough hierarchical morphology, stoichiometric CuS composition with characteristics functional groups, demonstrating high suitability and stability for green catalytic applications. GC-MS(Dominant FAME peaks), ¹H NMR(Methoxy signals at 3.6–3.7 ppm), ¹³C NMR(Ester carbonyl at 174.19 ppm) and FTIR confirmed successful conversion and high quality of biodiesel. An excellent biodiesel yield of 91.5 % was achieved at optimum conditions of 1:18 oil-to-methanol ratio, 0.13 g catalyst, a temperature of 135 °C and reaction time of 120 min, with ANOVA validating the RSM model's robustness and statistical significance for this optimization (F = 43.78, p < 0.0001; non-significant lack of fit, p = 0.4529). The CuS catalyst maintained its efficiency for five consecutive cycles, making it economical and environmentally viable. This research plays its pivotal role in environment friendly model for biodiesel production by the combination of a novel feedstock with recyclable green nano catalyst, incorporating Malcolmia africana as a potential underutilized source.

对可持续能源的追求需要新型生物燃料原料和绿色催化过程。在本研究中，一种高度生长和弹性的草本植物Malcolmia africana，具有惊人的52%的含油量和0.18%的FFA，被用作新的生物柴油原料。以低成本无机盐五水硫酸铜和废绿茶提取物（一种可持续有机还原剂）为原料合成绿色硫化铜纳米催化剂，提高了工艺的可持续性。通过FTIR、EDX、XRD和SEM进行了结构和形态验证，证实了一种高结晶、相纯的cu纳米催化剂，具有粗糙的层次结构，化学计量的cu组成具有特征官能团，对绿色催化应用具有很高的适用性和稳定性。GC-MS（优势FAME峰），1H NMR（3.6-3.7 ppm的甲氧基信号），13C NMR（174.19 ppm的酯羰基）和FTIR证实了生物柴油的成功转化和高质量。在油甲醇比为1:18、催化剂用量为0.13 g、温度为135℃、反应时间为120 min的最佳条件下，生物柴油的产率达到了91.5%，方差分析验证了RSM模型的稳健性和统计学显著性（F = 43.78, p < 0.0001；非显著性拟合缺失，p = 0.4529）。cu催化剂在连续五个循环中保持了其效率，使其具有经济和环保的可行性。本研究将一种新型原料与可回收的绿色纳米催化剂相结合，将非洲菌作为一种潜在的未充分利用的来源，在生物柴油生产的环境友好型模型中发挥关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

In-operando imaging for mechanistic insights and process optimization in the biofuel-driven combustion synthesis of cement and precursor phases 在生物燃料驱动的水泥和前驱相燃烧合成过程中，用于机理洞察和工艺优化的操作中成像

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108921

Shubham Agrawal , Jeffrey J. Long , Aditya Kumar , Narayanan Neithalath

Biofuel-based combustion synthesis (BCS) is a promising low-carbon pathway for decarbonizing cement production, providing an alternative to the fossil-fuel-driven clinkering process typically conducted at ∼1450 °C. Understanding microscale combustion mechanisms is essential to efficiently transfer biofuel-generated heat to cement precursors for targeted phase formation. Unlike previous studies focusing on macro-scale parameters such as fuel content/type, porosity, and holding temperature, this work provides mechanistic insights into microscale combustion behavior, linking microstructural phenomena with macro-scale processing conditions to guide parameter optimization. In-operando microscale imaging was employed to examine combustion wave propagation, spatio-temporal temperature evolution, and microstructural transformations within reactive pellets. Two combustion modes were observed: surface combustion wave (SCW) and continuous combustion wave (CCW) near fuel ignition, and rapid volumetric heating followed by CCW at elevated input temperatures. Optimizing pellet properties—porosity (8–10 %) and fuel calorific value—resulted in reduced cracking and wave velocity dispersion (∼0.1–0.2 mm s⁻¹), enabling more uniform wave propagation (0.5–0.75 mm s⁻¹) and temperature stability (±25–50 °C) for sustained durations (∼1–2 min). These conditions allowed reliable synthesis of multiple cement phases. At 450 °C, ∼90–95 % limestone-to-lime conversion was achieved while maintaining calcination temperatures of ∼950 °C. At 700 °C, volumetric heating generated transient peaks of ∼1200 ± 100 °C, producing belite-rich cement (∼90 % C₂S). At 800 °C, BCSA-type cement was formed (∼25 % ye'elimite, ∼50 % belite). At 900 °C, surface temperatures reached ∼1300 ± 100 °C, but limited dwell time restricted alite (C₃S) formation (∼20 %), indicating further optimization is needed. These findings provide mechanistic insights and a foundation for scalable, energy-efficient, and low-carbon cement production via BCS.

基于生物燃料的燃烧合成（BCS）是一种很有前途的低碳水泥脱碳途径，为通常在~ 1450°C进行的化石燃料驱动的熟化过程提供了替代方案。了解微尺度燃烧机制对于有效地将生物燃料产生的热量传递到水泥前体以形成目标相至关重要。不同于以往的研究侧重于宏观尺度参数，如燃料含量/类型、孔隙度和保温温度，这项工作提供了微观尺度燃烧行为的机理见解，将微观结构现象与宏观尺度加工条件联系起来，以指导参数优化。在操作中采用微尺度成像来检测燃烧波传播、时空温度演变和反应颗粒内的微观结构转变。观察到两种燃烧模式：燃料点火附近的表面燃烧波（SCW）和连续燃烧波（CCW），以及在较高输入温度下的快速体积加热和连续燃烧波。优化颗粒特性-孔隙率（8 - 10%）和燃料热值-减少了裂缝和波速弥散（~ 0.1-0.2 mm s - 1），实现了更均匀的波传播（0.5-0.75 mm s - 1）和持续时间（~ 1 - 2分钟）的温度稳定性（±25-50°C）。这些条件允许可靠地合成多种水泥相。在450°C时，在保持煅烧温度为950°C的情况下，石灰石到石灰的转化率达到了~ 90 - 95%。在700°C时，体积加热产生了~ 1200±100°C的瞬态峰值，产生了富白石水泥（~ 90% C2S）。在800°C下，形成bcsa型水泥（~ 25%的白石，~ 50%的白石）。在900°C时，表面温度达到~ 1300±100°C，但有限的停留时间限制了alite （C3S）的形成（~ 20%），这表明需要进一步优化。这些发现为通过BCS生产可扩展、节能和低碳水泥提供了机理见解和基础。

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引用次数: 0