Pub Date : 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108959
Manuela Mancini, Maria Federica Trombetta, Maurizio Ciani, Elena Leoni, Giuseppe Toscano
{"title":"Investigation of lignocellulosic residue composition by means of Van Soest method and FT-IR spectroscopy","authors":"Manuela Mancini, Maria Federica Trombetta, Maurizio Ciani, Elena Leoni, Giuseppe Toscano","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108959","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146072468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108967
Ningxin Zhao , Qingxin Zhang , Wenxin Li , Yuwu Xu , Tao Wu , Cheng Heng Pang
This study reveals the coupled effects of lignin content and monomeric composition on the aspect ratio (AR) of biomass particles and associated heat and mass transfer characteristics. Sixteen woody and herbaceous biomasses were analyzed for chemical composition and AR after milling. Opposite trends were observed between biomass types: in herbaceous materials, increasing lignin content was associated with lower AR, whereas in woody materials higher lignin content corresponded to higher AR. Fourier-transform infrared analysis further indicated that, for woody biomass, the syringyl to guaiacyl (S/G) ratio is closely related to particle morphology, with higher guaiacyl fractions favoring higher AR particles. A sphericity-based model was used to evaluate the influence of AR on external and internal heat and mass transfer characteristics. The analysis shows that increasing AR enhances idealized external transfer potential while increasing internal transport resistance. Thermogravimetric analysis of representative biomasses confirms that the influence of AR on apparent pyrolysis behavior is non-linear, reflecting the competing roles of external and internal transport processes. These results link lignin chemistry, particle morphology, and transport behavior, providing guidance for biomass pretreatment and bioenergy conversion.
{"title":"Influence of lignin content on biomass particle morphology and its implications for bioenergy conversion efficiency in woody and herbaceous species","authors":"Ningxin Zhao , Qingxin Zhang , Wenxin Li , Yuwu Xu , Tao Wu , Cheng Heng Pang","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reveals the coupled effects of lignin content and monomeric composition on the aspect ratio (AR) of biomass particles and associated heat and mass transfer characteristics. Sixteen woody and herbaceous biomasses were analyzed for chemical composition and AR after milling. Opposite trends were observed between biomass types: in herbaceous materials, increasing lignin content was associated with lower AR, whereas in woody materials higher lignin content corresponded to higher AR. Fourier-transform infrared analysis further indicated that, for woody biomass, the syringyl to guaiacyl (S/G) ratio is closely related to particle morphology, with higher guaiacyl fractions favoring higher AR particles. A sphericity-based model was used to evaluate the influence of AR on external and internal heat and mass transfer characteristics. The analysis shows that increasing AR enhances idealized external transfer potential while increasing internal transport resistance. Thermogravimetric analysis of representative biomasses confirms that the influence of AR on apparent pyrolysis behavior is non-linear, reflecting the competing roles of external and internal transport processes. These results link lignin chemistry, particle morphology, and transport behavior, providing guidance for biomass pretreatment and bioenergy conversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 108967"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146072467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploration of the preparation of N-doped biochar under the synergistic effect of urea and KOH from kinetic and thermodynamic perspectives","authors":"Linghui Yu, Shouzhi Li, Haolin He, Haoyu Yao, Wei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146071670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-26DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109018
Chaiki Malakar, Ravivarman R
Nature based hybrid composites is a promising and sustainable alternative for the conventional ones but its inherent properties limits its usage. In order to enhance the properties, surface treatment and nanofiller addition are identified to be promising method, but these methods reduce the biodegradation behavior of the sustainable composites. This study deals with the biodegradation of alkali treated and halloysite nanotube (HNT) added into polylactic acid (PLA) based natural kenaf/bamboo fiber mat reinforced hybrid composites. The HNT fillers (0,1.5, 3 %) were incorporated into PLA matrix using a twin-screw extruder, and hybrid biocomposites laminates were fabricated by compression moulding with pretreated (5 % NaOH) natural fiber mats. The microstructural changes of the developed biocomposites after incorporation of nanofiller was characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) in order to confirm the dispersion. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis was carried out to examine the surface characteristics, while contact angle and surface roughness measurements to understand the interfacial behavior induced by HNT incorporation. The surface properties influencing the biodegradability of the developed composites were investigated to understand their biodegradation process in soil for 30, 60, 90 days. The biodegradation test results showed that the treated composite exhibited a higher weight loss of 18.69 ± 0.37 % confirmed by the FTIR of degraded samples. Post biodegradation elemental analysis revealed less carbon content and hardness, confirming biodegradation under natural soil conditions. Overall the composite with 1.5 wt% HNT showed optimum dispersion, enhanced mechanical and surface characteristics while supporting biodegradability.
{"title":"Biodegradation and surface characteristic study of agro based bamboo/kenaf fiber reinforced PLA hybrid nano biocomposite","authors":"Chaiki Malakar, Ravivarman R","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nature based hybrid composites is a promising and sustainable alternative for the conventional ones but its inherent properties limits its usage. In order to enhance the properties, surface treatment and nanofiller addition are identified to be promising method, but these methods reduce the biodegradation behavior of the sustainable composites. This study deals with the biodegradation of alkali treated and halloysite nanotube (HNT) added into polylactic acid (PLA) based natural kenaf/bamboo fiber mat reinforced hybrid composites. The HNT fillers (0,1.5, 3 %) were incorporated into PLA matrix using a twin-screw extruder, and hybrid biocomposites laminates were fabricated by compression moulding with pretreated (5 % NaOH) natural fiber mats. The microstructural changes of the developed biocomposites after incorporation of nanofiller was characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) in order to confirm the dispersion. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis was carried out to examine the surface characteristics, while contact angle and surface roughness measurements to understand the interfacial behavior induced by HNT incorporation. The surface properties influencing the biodegradability of the developed composites were investigated to understand their biodegradation process in soil for 30, 60, 90 days. The biodegradation test results showed that the treated composite exhibited a higher weight loss of 18.69 ± 0.37 % confirmed by the FTIR of degraded samples. Post biodegradation elemental analysis revealed less carbon content and hardness, confirming biodegradation under natural soil conditions. Overall the composite with 1.5 wt% HNT showed optimum dispersion, enhanced mechanical and surface characteristics while supporting biodegradability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 109018"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146048065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-26DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109019
Eva Oktavia Ningrum , Nur Shela Evi Anggriani , Syauqi Aliffahza , Lailatul Qomariyah , Lily Pudjiastuti , Mentari Mukti
In this study, chitosan, a deacetylated derivative of chitin, was extracted from razor clam (Solen sp.) shells using a microwave-assisted method with glycerol as a green solvent. The effects of different acid solutions (HCl, H2SO4, CH3COOH, and H2O2) during demineralization on the physicochemical properties of the resulting chitosan were evaluated. Chitosan was produced through deproteinization, demineralization, and deacetylation using 30 % NaOH under microwave irradiation. The results demonstrated that acid type strongly influenced mineral removal efficiency and chitosan characteristics. HCl at 3 N enabled the most effective demineralization, yielding the lowest mineral content (3.77 %) and XRD patterns closely resembling those of pure chitosan. Acetic acid treatment produced the highest degree of deacetylation (93.42 %), although mineral affected the crystalline structure. FTIR confirmed the deacetylation process, SEM–EDS revealed morphological changes, and TGA demonstrated improved thermal stability for HCl-treated samples. Chitosan with a high degree of deacetylation (DD) showed good solubility in 1 % acetic acid, supporting its functional applicability. The extracted chitosan exhibited notable antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Chitosan produced using 2.5 N HCl and 600 W showed the strongest inhibition, with inhibition zone diameters of up to 6.5 mm against E. coli and 10 mm against S. aureus. The antibacterial effectiveness followed the order HCl > CH3COOH > H2SO4 > H2O2, indicating that the acid type and microwave conditions strongly influenced the bioactivity. Overall, this study demonstrates that microwave-assisted extraction using glycerol offers an efficient and environmentally friendly route to produce antibacterial chitosan from razor clam shells.
{"title":"Blue valorization of Lorjuk (Solen sp.) shell into chitosan via a microwave–glycerol method under various solvent treatment: preparation, physicochemical properties, and antibacterial activity","authors":"Eva Oktavia Ningrum , Nur Shela Evi Anggriani , Syauqi Aliffahza , Lailatul Qomariyah , Lily Pudjiastuti , Mentari Mukti","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, chitosan, a deacetylated derivative of chitin, was extracted from razor clam (<em>Solen</em> sp.) shells using a microwave-assisted method with glycerol as a green solvent. The effects of different acid solutions (HCl, H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, CH<sub>3</sub>COOH, and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) during demineralization on the physicochemical properties of the resulting chitosan were evaluated. Chitosan was produced through deproteinization, demineralization, and deacetylation using 30 % NaOH under microwave irradiation. The results demonstrated that acid type strongly influenced mineral removal efficiency and chitosan characteristics. HCl at 3 N enabled the most effective demineralization, yielding the lowest mineral content (3.77 %) and XRD patterns closely resembling those of pure chitosan. Acetic acid treatment produced the highest degree of deacetylation (93.42 %), although mineral affected the crystalline structure. FTIR confirmed the deacetylation process, SEM–EDS revealed morphological changes, and TGA demonstrated improved thermal stability for HCl-treated samples. Chitosan with a high degree of deacetylation (DD) showed good solubility in 1 % acetic acid, supporting its functional applicability. The extracted chitosan exhibited notable antibacterial activity against <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>. Chitosan produced using 2.5 N HCl and 600 W showed the strongest inhibition, with inhibition zone diameters of up to 6.5 mm against <em>E. coli</em> and 10 mm against <em>S. aureus</em>. The antibacterial effectiveness followed the order HCl > CH<sub>3</sub>COOH > H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> > H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, indicating that the acid type and microwave conditions strongly influenced the bioactivity. Overall, this study demonstrates that microwave-assisted extraction using glycerol offers an efficient and environmentally friendly route to produce antibacterial chitosan from razor clam shells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 109019"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146048064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109004
Tianhong Mei , Wugan Wei , Huabo Li , Qing Fang , Yan Fang , Xiaoqian Ren , Jianliang Zhu , Jinhua Liang
A highly defective sulfonated carbon catalyst has been successfully synthesized from beet molasses via carbonization and sulfonation. This catalyst exhibited a high acid density of 2.47 mmol/g. Prepared under optimized conditions (carbonization at 550 °C for 4 h and sulfonation at 110 °C for 8 h), the catalyst exhibited a defective carbon structure with an ID/IG ratio of 1.36 and a high specific surface area of 221.7 m2/g. Moreover, the optimized catalyst was used for the esterification of oleic acid with methanol to produce biodiesel. The esterification process was further optimized through single factor and RSM box-behnken design (BBD), and the oleic acid esterification rate reached a maximum of 91.57 % under optimal conditions. Furthermore, the catalyst retained 87.2 % activity after 10 cycles, demonstrating excellent stability. Fuel properties of the produced biodiesel met ASTM D6751 and GB/T 25199-2017 standards. This work presents a sustainable strategy for valorizing industrial molasses waste into an efficient solid acid catalyst, contributing to green biodiesel synthesis and biomass resource utilization.
{"title":"High-defect sulfonated carbon derived from beet molasses for effectively biodiesel production by esterification of methanol and oleic acid","authors":"Tianhong Mei , Wugan Wei , Huabo Li , Qing Fang , Yan Fang , Xiaoqian Ren , Jianliang Zhu , Jinhua Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A highly defective sulfonated carbon catalyst has been successfully synthesized from beet molasses via carbonization and sulfonation. This catalyst exhibited a high acid density of 2.47 mmol/g. Prepared under optimized conditions (carbonization at 550 °C for 4 h and sulfonation at 110 °C for 8 h), the catalyst exhibited a defective carbon structure with an ID/IG ratio of 1.36 and a high specific surface area of 221.7 m<sup>2</sup>/g. Moreover, the optimized catalyst was used for the esterification of oleic acid with methanol to produce biodiesel. The esterification process was further optimized through single factor and RSM box-behnken design (BBD), and the oleic acid esterification rate reached a maximum of 91.57 % under optimal conditions. Furthermore, the catalyst retained 87.2 % activity after 10 cycles, demonstrating excellent stability. Fuel properties of the produced biodiesel met ASTM D6751 and GB/T 25199-2017 standards. This work presents a sustainable strategy for valorizing industrial molasses waste into an efficient solid acid catalyst, contributing to green biodiesel synthesis and biomass resource utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 109004"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108993
Zhuo Tu , Luping Tian , He Xu , Zhaofeng Chang , Wei Du , Peng Zhang , Hao Li , Yunjiang Yu
Driven by the “carbon peaking” and “carbon neutrality” goals, biomass has been widely recognized as a promising alternative to fossil fuels due to its renewability and carbon-neutral potential. Pyrolysis, a core thermochemical conversion technology, requires precise determination of reaction activation energy (Ea) for process modeling and reactor optimization. However, conventional kinetic studies based on thermogravimetric experiments face challenges like high data acquisition costs and modeling complexities. Accordingly, this study constructed a large-scale Ea database with over 2900 samples from public literature (2016–2025) and experiments, encompassing 10 input variables characterizing biomass physicochemical properties. A meta-learning framework within an ensemble learning architecture was introduced, proposing a stacked generalization meta-model using Random Forest (RF) and Decision Tree (DT) as base learners to enhance predictive accuracy. The RF + DT meta-model achieved a test-set coefficient of determination (R2) exceeding 0.98 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 6.8 kJ/mol, outperforming existing mainstream models. Furthermore, SHAP-based interpretability analysis revealed nitrogen content (N), hydrogen-to-carbon molar ratio (H/C), and conversion rate (α) as the most significant factors influencing Ea. Specifically, the combination of high N, low H/C, and high α synergistically promotes increased Ea during biomass pyrolysis. Therefore, this study presents systematic innovations in data framework construction, modeling methodology, and result interpretation, offering theoretical support and technical pathways for rapid evaluation and engineering application of biomass pyrolysis kinetic parameters.
{"title":"Influence mechanisms of biomass properties on pyrolysis activation energy revealed by stacked generalization meta-learning model","authors":"Zhuo Tu , Luping Tian , He Xu , Zhaofeng Chang , Wei Du , Peng Zhang , Hao Li , Yunjiang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Driven by the “carbon peaking” and “carbon neutrality” goals, biomass has been widely recognized as a promising alternative to fossil fuels due to its renewability and carbon-neutral potential. Pyrolysis, a core thermochemical conversion technology, requires precise determination of reaction activation energy (Ea) for process modeling and reactor optimization. However, conventional kinetic studies based on thermogravimetric experiments face challenges like high data acquisition costs and modeling complexities. Accordingly, this study constructed a large-scale Ea database with over 2900 samples from public literature (2016–2025) and experiments, encompassing 10 input variables characterizing biomass physicochemical properties. A meta-learning framework within an ensemble learning architecture was introduced, proposing a stacked generalization meta-model using Random Forest (RF) and Decision Tree (DT) as base learners to enhance predictive accuracy. The RF + DT meta-model achieved a test-set coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) exceeding 0.98 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 6.8 kJ/mol, outperforming existing mainstream models. Furthermore, SHAP-based interpretability analysis revealed nitrogen content (N), hydrogen-to-carbon molar ratio (H/C), and conversion rate (α) as the most significant factors influencing Ea. Specifically, the combination of high N, low H/C, and high α synergistically promotes increased Ea during biomass pyrolysis. Therefore, this study presents systematic innovations in data framework construction, modeling methodology, and result interpretation, offering theoretical support and technical pathways for rapid evaluation and engineering application of biomass pyrolysis kinetic parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 108993"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Brazilian ethanol industry generates approximately 365 billion liters of vinasse annually, presenting both environmental challenges and untapped bioenergy potential. This study provides a comprehensive techno-economic and environmental assessment of biomethane production from sugarcane vinasse through anaerobic digestion, addressing the critical need for sustainable waste valorization in the sugar-ethanol sector. We employed process simulation coupled with life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate a commercial-scale facility processing 756,173 m3/year of vinasse through thermophilic anaerobic digestion (55 °C) and biogas upgrading technologies (chemical scrubbing for H2S removal and water scrubbing for CO2 separation). Economic analysis reveals a minimum selling price of USD 0.47/m3 for biomethane with attractive financial metrics: 17.9 % internal rate of return, USD 1.98 million net present value, and 9.3-year payback period. Sensitivity analysis identifies biomethane pricing and capital investment as critical success factors, with ±20 % price variations significantly impacting profitability. Life cycle assessment using TRACI methodology demonstrates substantial environmental benefits, with greenhouse gas emissions of 11.8 g CO2-eq/MJ—five times lower than natural gas (60 g CO2-eq/MJ). The process generates dual revenue streams: 6.82 million m3/year of biomethane and 0.75 million m3/year of biofertilizer, supporting circular economy principles. Monte Carlo simulation confirms project robustness under uncertainty, with 78 % probability of positive net present value. These findings demonstrate the commercial viability of vinasse-to-biomethane conversion as a viable alternative for waste management, renewable energy production, and greenhouse gas mitigation in the Brazilian bioethanol industry. This study contributes quantitative evidence on the commercial viability of vinasse valorization by combining detailed techno-economic assessment with environmental impact quantification and probabilistic risk analysis, supporting informed decision-making for biorefinery implementation in the Brazilian sugar-ethanol sector.
巴西的乙醇工业每年产生大约3650亿升的酒糟，既带来了环境挑战，也带来了未开发的生物能源潜力。本研究为通过厌氧消化从甘蔗酒液中生产生物甲烷提供了全面的技术经济和环境评估，解决了糖乙醇行业可持续废物增值的关键需求。我们采用过程模拟和生命周期评估（LCA）来评估一个商业规模的设施，该设施通过嗜热厌氧消化（55°C）和沼气升级技术（化学洗涤去除H2S和水洗涤分离CO2）处理756,173 m3/年的酒液。经济分析显示，生物甲烷的最低售价为0.47美元/立方米，财务指标具有吸引力：内部回报率为17.9%，净现值为198万美元，投资回收期为9.3年。敏感度分析表明，生物甲烷定价和资本投资是关键的成功因素，±20%的价格变化会显著影响盈利能力。使用TRACI方法的生命周期评估显示了巨大的环境效益，其温室气体排放量为11.8 g co2当量/MJ -比天然气（60 g co2当量/MJ）低5倍。该过程产生双重收入来源：682万立方米/年的生物甲烷和75万立方米/年的生物肥料，支持循环经济原则。蒙特卡罗模拟证实了项目在不确定性下的稳健性，净现值为正的概率为78%。这些发现表明，在巴西生物乙醇工业中，将病毒转化为生物甲烷作为废物管理、可再生能源生产和温室气体减排的可行替代方案具有商业可行性。本研究通过将详细的技术经济评估与环境影响量化和概率风险分析相结合，为葡萄酒增值的商业可行性提供了定量证据，为巴西糖乙醇行业实施生物炼制提供了明智的决策支持。
{"title":"Techno-economic and life cycle assessment of biomethane production from sugarcane vinasse: A pathway to circular bioeconomy in Brazil","authors":"Rosana Gong, Isabel Campanile Leone, Betânia Hoss Lunelli","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Brazilian ethanol industry generates approximately 365 billion liters of vinasse annually, presenting both environmental challenges and untapped bioenergy potential. This study provides a comprehensive techno-economic and environmental assessment of biomethane production from sugarcane vinasse through anaerobic digestion, addressing the critical need for sustainable waste valorization in the sugar-ethanol sector. We employed process simulation coupled with life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate a commercial-scale facility processing 756,173 m<sup>3</sup>/year of vinasse through thermophilic anaerobic digestion (55 °C) and biogas upgrading technologies (chemical scrubbing for H<sub>2</sub>S removal and water scrubbing for CO<sub>2</sub> separation). Economic analysis reveals a minimum selling price of USD 0.47/m<sup>3</sup> for biomethane with attractive financial metrics: 17.9 % internal rate of return, USD 1.98 million net present value, and 9.3-year payback period. Sensitivity analysis identifies biomethane pricing and capital investment as critical success factors, with ±20 % price variations significantly impacting profitability. Life cycle assessment using TRACI methodology demonstrates substantial environmental benefits, with greenhouse gas emissions of 11.8 g CO<sub>2</sub>-eq/MJ—five times lower than natural gas (60 g CO<sub>2</sub>-eq/MJ). The process generates dual revenue streams: 6.82 million m<sup>3</sup>/year of biomethane and 0.75 million m<sup>3</sup>/year of biofertilizer, supporting circular economy principles. Monte Carlo simulation confirms project robustness under uncertainty, with 78 % probability of positive net present value. These findings demonstrate the commercial viability of vinasse-to-biomethane conversion as a viable alternative for waste management, renewable energy production, and greenhouse gas mitigation in the Brazilian bioethanol industry. This study contributes quantitative evidence on the commercial viability of vinasse valorization by combining detailed techno-economic assessment with environmental impact quantification and probabilistic risk analysis, supporting informed decision-making for biorefinery implementation in the Brazilian sugar-ethanol sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 109002"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108985
Chandra Kanta Khanal , Sagar Kafle , Sushil Adhikari
The transportation sector relies heavily on fossil fuels, causing high emissions and environmental concerns. Biomass offers an alternative for producing transportation fuels through thermochemical processes, especially pyrolysis. However, the associated technical and economic challenges have hindered its feasibility, and a critical assessment is needed to understand the factors impacting its viability. A bibliometric analysis of 810 research works cataloged in Scopus and Web of Science was conducted to assess the publication and research trends. Additionally, a systematic assessment of techno-economic analysis for producing transportation fuel from pyrolysis oil was conducted by selecting the 26 most relevant articles. The number of publications in this field was found to increase gradually, with an average annual growth rate of approximately 15 % from 2010 to 2024, rising from 15 articles in 2010 to 89 in 2024. Agricultural-based feedstock is the most extensively studied feedstock, whereas pyrolysis is the most used thermochemical process. Furthermore, research on upgrading via hydroprocessing, such as hydrotreating and hydrocracking, has gained considerable momentum in recent years, though it is costly due to high hydrogen requirements. The minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) varied from United States dollar (USD) 0.51 to USD 2.59 per liter, which was significantly affected by feedstock and processing pathways. Agricultural residues, like corn stover and rice straw, showed favorable economics with lower MFSPs, whereas algae and industrial residues incurred higher costs. The study highlights that feedstock, pyrolysis types, and conversion process significantly impact techno-economic performance, particularly MFSP and overall economic viability, underscoring the need for careful consideration of these parameters.
交通运输部门严重依赖化石燃料，造成高排放和环境问题。生物质通过热化学过程，特别是热解，为生产运输燃料提供了另一种选择。然而，相关的技术和经济挑战阻碍了其可行性，需要进行关键评估，以了解影响其可行性的因素。对Scopus和Web of Science收录的810篇论文进行文献计量分析，评估其发表和研究趋势。此外，选取相关度最高的26篇文章，对热解油生产交通燃料的技术经济分析进行了系统评价。该领域的出版物数量逐渐增加，从2010年到2024年，平均年增长率约为15%，从2010年的15篇增加到2024年的89篇。基于农业的原料是最广泛研究的原料，而热解是最常用的热化学过程。此外，通过加氢处理（如加氢处理和加氢裂化）进行升级的研究近年来取得了相当大的势头，尽管由于对氢气的需求很高，成本很高。最低燃料销售价格（MFSP）从每升0.51美元到2.59美元不等，这受到原料和加工途径的显著影响。玉米秸秆和稻草等农业废弃物具有较低的mfsp，具有较好的经济性，而藻类和工业废弃物则具有较高的成本。该研究强调，原料、热解类型和转化过程显著影响技术经济性能，特别是MFSP和整体经济可行性，强调需要仔细考虑这些参数。
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Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108988
Benjamin Amedi Afful , Patrick Enchill , Michael Osei , Samuel Twum Adjei , Laura Atuah , Vincent Logah , Mauro Lo Cascio , Angela Bianco , Giacomo Zara , Marilena Budroni , Tom Sizmur , Matteo Garau , Paola Castaldi
A major waste resulting from cocoa production is cocoa pod husk (CPH), which is often piled up on-farm and left to rot. This study aims to valorise CPH through a vermicomposting process to produce stable and mature amendments. Fresh CPH were mixed with cattle manure (ratio 1:1), to this mixture 0, 4 and 8 % CPH biochar were added. The earthworm species, Eudrilus eugeniae, which is native to the Ghana region and is readily accessible to local farmers, was used for the vermicomposting over a 60-day duration. Chemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, organic C, total N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and microbial characteristics (culturable bacteria and fungi and DNA sequencing) were monitored during the vermicomposting. The pH, total N and K of the different matrices raised over time and with increasing amounts of biochar. In all treatments, bacterial counts decreased in the first 10 days (between 1.79 and 2.16 times) and then stabilised throughout the process. Biochar inhibited the number of fungi in the first 40 days, but subsequently stimulated their growth. The biochar addition had a significant impact on the dynamics of the bacterial communities, although Streptomyces, Pelagibacterium, Rhabdothermus, Lysinibacillus, Micromonospora, and Mesorhizobium were the dominant genera in all samples. All treatments promoted an increase in microbial taxa involved in carbon and nitrogen cycle.
The results highlighted that CPH can be valorised through the production of vermichar, although scalability and efficiency assessments need to be performed, to ensure the applicability of this bioprocess on large scale in cocoa-growing regions.
{"title":"Sustainable production of mature and stable amendments through biochar-enhanced vermicomposting of cocoa pod husks","authors":"Benjamin Amedi Afful , Patrick Enchill , Michael Osei , Samuel Twum Adjei , Laura Atuah , Vincent Logah , Mauro Lo Cascio , Angela Bianco , Giacomo Zara , Marilena Budroni , Tom Sizmur , Matteo Garau , Paola Castaldi","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A major waste resulting from cocoa production is cocoa pod husk (CPH), which is often piled up on-farm and left to rot. This study aims to valorise CPH through a vermicomposting process to produce stable and mature amendments. Fresh CPH were mixed with cattle manure (ratio 1:1), to this mixture 0, 4 and 8 % CPH biochar were added. The earthworm species, <em>Eudrilus eugeniae</em>, which is native to the Ghana region and is readily accessible to local farmers, was used for the vermicomposting over a 60-day duration. Chemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, organic C, total N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and microbial characteristics (culturable bacteria and fungi and DNA sequencing) were monitored during the vermicomposting. The pH, total N and K of the different matrices raised over time and with increasing amounts of biochar. In all treatments, bacterial counts decreased in the first 10 days (between 1.79 and 2.16 times) and then stabilised throughout the process. Biochar inhibited the number of fungi in the first 40 days, but subsequently stimulated their growth. The biochar addition had a significant impact on the dynamics of the bacterial communities, although <em>Streptomyces, Pelagibacterium, Rhabdothermus, Lysinibacillus, Micromonospora,</em> and <em>Mesorhizobium</em> were the dominant genera in all samples. All treatments promoted an increase in microbial taxa involved in carbon and nitrogen cycle.</div><div>The results highlighted that CPH can be valorised through the production of vermichar, although scalability and efficiency assessments need to be performed, to ensure the applicability of this bioprocess on large scale in cocoa-growing regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 108988"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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