The efficient cleavage of lignin's inter-unit bonds is essential for its conversion into valuable monophenols. However, conventional Ni-based catalysts often suffer from poor metal dispersion, sintering, and limited catalytic activity. In this study, a series of bimetallic Ni2M/Al2O3 (M = Fe/In/Mn/Cu/Co) catalysts were synthesized using layered double hydroxides as precursors. Among the metal promoters tested, Fe showed the highest efficacy in improving catalytic performance. NixFey/Al2O3 catalysts with varying Ni/Fe molar ratios exhibited superior activity due to the formation of Ni-Fe alloys and defect-rich FeOx species. The optimized Ni1.5Fe1.5/Al2O3 catalyst, characterized by well-dispersed small metal particles, strong Ni-Fe interactions, abundant surface oxygen vacancies, and a high density of strong acid sites, achieved a monophenol yield of 16.6 wt% from the hydrogenolysis of Klason lignin under mild reaction conditions (240 °C, 4 h, 1 MPa initial H2). This work presents a novel approach for developing highly active bimetallic catalysts for lignin depolymerization, offering insights into the design of efficient catalysts for lignin valorization.
{"title":"Fe-promoted Ni nanocatalysts for hydrogenolysis of Klason lignin to monophenols","authors":"Chongbo Cheng , Hao Zhao , Youzhi Yang , Dekui Shen , Xiaoxiang Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficient cleavage of lignin's inter-unit bonds is essential for its conversion into valuable monophenols. However, conventional Ni-based catalysts often suffer from poor metal dispersion, sintering, and limited catalytic activity. In this study, a series of bimetallic Ni<sub>2</sub>M/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (M = Fe/In/Mn/Cu/Co) catalysts were synthesized using layered double hydroxides as precursors. Among the metal promoters tested, Fe showed the highest efficacy in improving catalytic performance. Ni<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>y</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalysts with varying Ni/Fe molar ratios exhibited superior activity due to the formation of Ni-Fe alloys and defect-rich FeO<sub>x</sub> species. The optimized Ni<sub>1.5</sub>Fe<sub>1.5</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalyst, characterized by well-dispersed small metal particles, strong Ni-Fe interactions, abundant surface oxygen vacancies, and a high density of strong acid sites, achieved a monophenol yield of 16.6 wt% from the hydrogenolysis of Klason lignin under mild reaction conditions (240 °C, 4 h, 1 MPa initial H<sub>2</sub>). This work presents a novel approach for developing highly active bimetallic catalysts for lignin depolymerization, offering insights into the design of efficient catalysts for lignin valorization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 107449"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To meet climate targets, expanding Populus spp. tree cultivation is proposed as a potential biomass feedstock, especially on agricultural land that does not come into conflict with food production. However, biomass potential assessments typically overlook landowners' perspectives, risking a gap between theoretical potentials and realisation. Here, we test empirical consequences of two hypotheses based on a survey targeting southern Swedish farmers: 1) Relying exclusively on agricultural land cover data to identify abandoned agricultural land leads to an overestimation of the total agricultural land that can be utilised for future biomass production from Populus spp. feedstocks. 2) The absence of data on farmers' intentions to cultivate fast-growing tree species on agricultural land leads to overestimation of the potential biomass supply from Populus spp. in biomass assessments. Findings suggest that less than 50 % of farmers with unsubsidised arable land, which is often assumed to be abandoned, would consider cultivating these tree species on this type of land (26 % [7–48]). Furthermore, only 11 % [6–17] would consider cultivating Populus spp. on agricultural land overall during 2021–2030, indicating a generally low level of interest among farmers. However, higher rates were observed in forested areas. The projected near-future cultivation potential of 2.0 kha [1.1–3.0] suggests an at least threefold overestimation in previous theoretical assessments. This study highlights a disparity between biophysical land data and producer perspectives, showing that neglecting farmers’ perspectives risks overestimating the biomass supply, potentially leading to misguided expectations and inefficient policies. Our findings support targeted policy recommendations.
{"title":"Farmers’ willingness to introduce short-rotation tree plantations on agricultural land: A case study in southern Sweden","authors":"Elin Anander , Pål Börjesson , Lovisa Björnsson , Kristina Blennow","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To meet climate targets, expanding <em>Populus</em> spp. tree cultivation is proposed as a potential biomass feedstock, especially on agricultural land that does not come into conflict with food production. However, biomass potential assessments typically overlook landowners' perspectives, risking a gap between theoretical potentials and realisation. Here, we test empirical consequences of two hypotheses based on a survey targeting southern Swedish farmers: 1) Relying exclusively on agricultural land cover data to identify abandoned agricultural land leads to an overestimation of the total agricultural land that can be utilised for future biomass production from <em>Populus</em> spp. feedstocks. 2) The absence of data on farmers' intentions to cultivate fast-growing tree species on agricultural land leads to overestimation of the potential biomass supply from <em>Populus</em> spp. in biomass assessments. Findings suggest that less than 50 % of farmers with unsubsidised arable land, which is often assumed to be abandoned, would consider cultivating these tree species on this type of land (26 % [7–48]). Furthermore, only 11 % [6–17] would consider cultivating <em>Populus</em> spp. on agricultural land overall during 2021–2030, indicating a generally low level of interest among farmers. However, higher rates were observed in forested areas. The projected near-future cultivation potential of 2.0 kha [1.1–3.0] suggests an at least threefold overestimation in previous theoretical assessments. This study highlights a disparity between biophysical land data and producer perspectives, showing that neglecting farmers’ perspectives risks overestimating the biomass supply, potentially leading to misguided expectations and inefficient policies. Our findings support targeted policy recommendations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 107424"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107438
Túlio Pinheiro Pôrto , Julio César Lourenço , Beatriz Nogueira , Nicolas Perciani de Moraes , Robson da Silva Souto , Adriano Francisco Siqueira , Liana Alvares Rodrigues , Marcos Roberto de Vasconcelos Lanza , Robson da Silva Rocha
This study investigates the potential reutilization of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) – a highly abundant residue generated from the sugar and ethanol industries. Activated carbon (AC) with optimized selectivity toward hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) electrogeneration was obtained by applying a customized process that involved the impregnation of the residue with KOH and NaOH and thermal activation. To optimize the properties of the AC, the following synthesis parameters were evaluated: proportion of KOH/NaOH used in the impregnation process, activation temperature, holding time (of the activation temperature), and concentration of activating solution. The optimized condition obtained was NaOH at 10 %m/v, activation temperature of 650 °C, and holding time of 60 min; this condition was found to be more sustainable than that of the traditional processes employed in obtaining black carbon. The near-optimal condition generated an AC with outstanding wettability, high amount of oxygenated groups on the surface, and a surface area of 121.2 m2 g−1, with good theoretical selectivity toward H2O2 electrogeneration (90 % at −0.4 vs. RHE) and an onset potential of +0.3 vs RHE. Our findings show that the SCB-derived AC material could be used as an environmentally friendly and economical alternative to conventional petroleum-derived carbon materials commonly used in H2O2 electrogeneration and as a support material for other active materials. The study shows that the precise equilibrium of the physical attributes of the carbon material and the chemical composition of its surface, influenced by the activation process, are key factors that affect catalytic efficiency in the in situ electrogeneration of H2O2.
{"title":"Synthesis of activated carbon from sugarcane bagasse using blends of hydroxides for maximizing reaction targeted at obtaining hydrogen peroxide","authors":"Túlio Pinheiro Pôrto , Julio César Lourenço , Beatriz Nogueira , Nicolas Perciani de Moraes , Robson da Silva Souto , Adriano Francisco Siqueira , Liana Alvares Rodrigues , Marcos Roberto de Vasconcelos Lanza , Robson da Silva Rocha","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the potential reutilization of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) – a highly abundant residue generated from the sugar and ethanol industries. Activated carbon (AC) with optimized selectivity toward hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) electrogeneration was obtained by applying a customized process that involved the impregnation of the residue with KOH and NaOH and thermal activation. To optimize the properties of the AC, the following synthesis parameters were evaluated: proportion of KOH/NaOH used in the impregnation process, activation temperature, holding time (of the activation temperature), and concentration of activating solution. The optimized condition obtained was NaOH at 10 %m/v, activation temperature of 650 °C, and holding time of 60 min; this condition was found to be more sustainable than that of the traditional processes employed in obtaining black carbon. The near-optimal condition generated an AC with outstanding wettability, high amount of oxygenated groups on the surface, and a surface area of 121.2 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>, with good theoretical selectivity toward H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> electrogeneration (90 % at −0.4 vs. RHE) and an onset potential of +0.3 vs RHE. Our findings show that the SCB-derived AC material could be used as an environmentally friendly and economical alternative to conventional petroleum-derived carbon materials commonly used in H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> electrogeneration and as a support material for other active materials. The study shows that the precise equilibrium of the physical attributes of the carbon material and the chemical composition of its surface, influenced by the activation process, are key factors that affect catalytic efficiency in the <em>in situ</em> electrogeneration of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 107438"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, a novel RuCo bimetallic supported on N-doped carbon support containing alumina was prepared by in-situ pyrolysis using MOF-303 as the support precursor (Ru3Co1@CN-Al2O3), and it was applied to the efficient hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of guaiacol under mild conditions (0.01 MPa H2, 200 °C, 3h), the yield of cyclohexanol reaches an impressive 83.12 %. In the absence of external hydrogen (2 MPa N2, 220 °C, 2 h), complete conversion of guaiacol was achieved, along with a remarkable 97.81 % selectivity towards cyclohexanol. The HDO of guaiacol under different atmospheres was further studied, and the possible mechanism was proposed. Characterization results indicated that the supported metals (Ru and Co) not only interacted with the N in the MOF-303 to enhance catalyst stability but also that the synergistic effect between Ru and Co was key to promoting the high yield of cyclohexanol through catalytic transfer hydrodeoxygenation (CTHDO) in isopropanol. Additionally, Ru3Co1@CN-Al2O3 was also effective in achieving the HDO of macromolecular lignin. This study provides a feasible approach for the high value-added green transformation of lignin and its derivatives under mild conditions, highlighting the significant potential of MOFs for lignin valorization.
{"title":"Efficient hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived phenolics to cyclohexanol with N-doped alumina- carbide‐based RuCo catalysts derived from MOF under mild conditions","authors":"Shiyun Xiao, Zhouxin Peng, Yuchen Wu, Baojia Li, Hualan Zhou, Xuesong Wang, Shengkang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, a novel RuCo bimetallic supported on N-doped carbon support containing alumina was prepared by in-situ pyrolysis using MOF-303 as the support precursor (Ru<sub>3</sub>Co<sub>1</sub>@CN-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), and it was applied to the efficient hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of guaiacol under mild conditions (0.01 MPa H<sub>2</sub>, 200 °C, 3h), the yield of cyclohexanol reaches an impressive 83.12 %. In the absence of external hydrogen (2 MPa N<sub>2</sub>, 220 °C, 2 h), complete conversion of guaiacol was achieved, along with a remarkable 97.81 % selectivity towards cyclohexanol. The HDO of guaiacol under different atmospheres was further studied, and the possible mechanism was proposed. Characterization results indicated that the supported metals (Ru and Co) not only interacted with the N in the MOF-303 to enhance catalyst stability but also that the synergistic effect between Ru and Co was key to promoting the high yield of cyclohexanol through catalytic transfer hydrodeoxygenation (CTHDO) in isopropanol. Additionally, Ru<sub>3</sub>Co<sub>1</sub>@CN-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> was also effective in achieving the HDO of macromolecular lignin. This study provides a feasible approach for the high value-added green transformation of lignin and its derivatives under mild conditions, highlighting the significant potential of MOFs for lignin valorization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107437"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107428
Sarah S. Queiroz , Maria das Graças A. Felipe , Solange I. Mussatto
The valorization of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) holds critical importance within the circular economy framework. Xylose, a five-carbon monosaccharide and the second most abundant sugar in LCB, represents a versatile building block for industrial applications. However, its use in fermentation processes is less efficient compared to hexoses like glucose, primarily due to the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae inability to metabolize this pentose. As a result, current industrial processes for xylose often rely on chemical catalysis methods, such as reduction and hydrogenation, which can have significant environmental impacts. Transitioning to sustainable processes requires both effective xylose recovery from LCB and enhanced fermentation efficiency. This review highlights LCB deconstruction techniques that yield high xylose concentrations and explores the potential of various yeast species to produce biofuels and value-added biomolecules from this pentose. This review summarizes recent advancements and highlights the potential for developing highly efficient xylose bioprocessing methodologies for sustainable biomass utilization.
{"title":"An overview of xylose valorization through its conversion into high-value chemicals by yeast","authors":"Sarah S. Queiroz , Maria das Graças A. Felipe , Solange I. Mussatto","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The valorization of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) holds critical importance within the circular economy framework. Xylose, a five-carbon monosaccharide and the second most abundant sugar in LCB, represents a versatile building block for industrial applications. However, its use in fermentation processes is less efficient compared to hexoses like glucose, primarily due to the yeast <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> inability to metabolize this pentose. As a result, current industrial processes for xylose often rely on chemical catalysis methods, such as reduction and hydrogenation, which can have significant environmental impacts. Transitioning to sustainable processes requires both effective xylose recovery from LCB and enhanced fermentation efficiency. This review highlights LCB deconstruction techniques that yield high xylose concentrations and explores the potential of various yeast species to produce biofuels and value-added biomolecules from this pentose. This review summarizes recent advancements and highlights the potential for developing highly efficient xylose bioprocessing methodologies for sustainable biomass utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107428"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107418
Anne Bouter , Sibylle Duval-Dachary , Romain Besseau
More than 580 peer-reviewed articles dealing with life cycle assessment (LCA) of biofuels, published from 2012 to 2020, were identified in the scientific literature. Articles without a clear and complete LCA hypothesis were discarded. This resulted into 172 useable articles, providing 566 carbon footprints. LCA of biofuels is a topic that has attracted increasing interest in recent times, with an average production of 20 papers per year on the subject. The objectives addressed range from installation optimisation and the assessment of new types of biomass to comparison of pathways and the impact of methodological choices in LCA. The analysis of published carbon footprints reveals a hierarchy in terms of the carbon footprint of diesel, gasoline, and jet fuel substitutes. The type of feedstock appears to be a determinant. Data collected from the literature highlight that biofuels’ carbon footprint varies greatly. However, the climate change mitigation potential of some pathways can be clearly confirmed. Methodological choices adopted by LCA practitioners remain an important source of differences in LCA results, as the allocation choices for co-products or the inclusion of land use change can lead to a wide range of results. The carbon neutrality principle also has the potential to influence LCA results, as described in the statistical analysis. Through an extensive literature review and a statistical analysis using econometric methods, this work provides an overview and analysis of the variability of the environmental impacts of biofuels in terms of greenhouse gas (GHG) to help shape stakeholder decision-making.
{"title":"Life cycle assessment of liquid biofuels: What does the scientific literature tell us? A statistical environmental review on climate change","authors":"Anne Bouter , Sibylle Duval-Dachary , Romain Besseau","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>More than 580 peer-reviewed articles dealing with life cycle assessment (LCA) of biofuels, published from 2012 to 2020, were identified in the scientific literature. Articles without a clear and complete LCA hypothesis were discarded. This resulted into 172 useable articles, providing 566 carbon footprints. LCA of biofuels is a topic that has attracted increasing interest in recent times, with an average production of 20 papers per year on the subject. The objectives addressed range from installation optimisation and the assessment of new types of biomass to comparison of pathways and the impact of methodological choices in LCA. The analysis of published carbon footprints reveals a hierarchy in terms of the carbon footprint of diesel, gasoline, and jet fuel substitutes. The type of feedstock appears to be a determinant. Data collected from the literature highlight that biofuels’ carbon footprint varies greatly. However, the climate change mitigation potential of some pathways can be clearly confirmed. Methodological choices adopted by LCA practitioners remain an important source of differences in LCA results, as the allocation choices for co-products or the inclusion of land use change can lead to a wide range of results. The carbon neutrality principle also has the potential to influence LCA results, as described in the statistical analysis. Through an extensive literature review and a statistical analysis using econometric methods, this work provides an overview and analysis of the variability of the environmental impacts of biofuels in terms of greenhouse gas (GHG) to help shape stakeholder decision-making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107418"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107431
Meryem Bouchabou, Stephanie Araceli Brocani-Pasino, M. Carmen Román-Martínez, M. Ángeles Lillo-Ródenas
The photoinduced processes can be promising routes for hydrogen generation. This study explores hydrogen production through the non-catalyzed photodegradation of various biomass materials, a process that remains largely understudied compared to the catalyzed ones, i.e., photoreforming. Using as precursor almond shell (AS), a lignocellulosic biomass residue, various solid and liquid materials obtained from it were tested as substrates. These materials were obtained through different pretreatment methods including grinding, milling, pyrolysis, and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), and compared with milled cellulose (MC). Photodegradation tests, conducted in aqueous media under UV light, revealed that hydrogen production strongly depends on the structural and compositional features of the substrates. Among the solid samples, ground almond shell (GAS) and milled cellulose (MC) showed promising hydrogen yields. However, the liquid residue from the HTC process using diluted phosphoric acid (HMAS-L2), which is rich in simple organic acids, stood out, delivering the highest hydrogen production across all the substrates, and reaching an impressive value of 105 μmol of H2 in 5 h of reaction. Attention was also given to the production of other gases, particularly carbon dioxide and methane, as a result of the photodegradation. CO2 production occurred for all the substrates. PMAS (the pyrolyzed milled almond shell) and, specifically, HMAS-L2 generated detectable amounts of CH4 (5 and 22 μmol, respectively).
The H2/CO2 ratios reached 0.66 for MC and 0.44 for HMAS-L2, highlighting the interest in evaluating the non-catalyzed biomass photodegradation as a preliminary step for future photoreforming studies. These findings enhance our understanding of biomass-based hydrogen generation and open new avenues for exploring non-catalyzed photoinduced processes.
{"title":"Can hydrogen be generated by UV- photodegradation of biomass residues in water media?","authors":"Meryem Bouchabou, Stephanie Araceli Brocani-Pasino, M. Carmen Román-Martínez, M. Ángeles Lillo-Ródenas","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The photoinduced processes can be promising routes for hydrogen generation. This study explores hydrogen production through the non-catalyzed photodegradation of various biomass materials, a process that remains largely understudied compared to the catalyzed ones, i.e., photoreforming. Using as precursor almond shell (AS), a lignocellulosic biomass residue, various solid and liquid materials obtained from it were tested as substrates. These materials were obtained through different pretreatment methods including grinding, milling, pyrolysis, and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), and compared with milled cellulose (MC). Photodegradation tests, conducted in aqueous media under UV light, revealed that hydrogen production strongly depends on the structural and compositional features of the substrates. Among the solid samples, ground almond shell (GAS) and milled cellulose (MC) showed promising hydrogen yields. However, the liquid residue from the HTC process using diluted phosphoric acid (HMAS-L2), which is rich in simple organic acids, stood out, delivering the highest hydrogen production across all the substrates, and reaching an impressive value of 105 μmol of H<sub>2</sub> in 5 h of reaction. Attention was also given to the production of other gases, particularly carbon dioxide and methane, as a result of the photodegradation. CO<sub>2</sub> production occurred for all the substrates. PMAS (the pyrolyzed milled almond shell) and, specifically, HMAS-L2 generated detectable amounts of CH<sub>4</sub> (5 and 22 μmol, respectively).</div><div>The H<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub> ratios reached 0.66 for MC and 0.44 for HMAS-L2, highlighting the interest in evaluating the non-catalyzed biomass photodegradation as a preliminary step for future photoreforming studies. These findings enhance our understanding of biomass-based hydrogen generation and open new avenues for exploring non-catalyzed photoinduced processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107431"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107432
Thaís de Souza Lopes , José Luiz Francisco Alves , Thalita Marreiro Delmiro , Guilherme Quintela Calixto , Karine Fonseca Soares de Oliveira , Andrey da Silva Barbosa , Eduardo Luiz Voigt , Dulce Maria de Araújo Melo , Renata Martins Braga
The valorization of agroindustrial residues for second-generation biofuels has garnered attention due to the increasing demand for low-carbon fuels aligned with transportation sector decarbonization efforts. In this context, cassava processing residues, particularly cassava peel, remain largely unexplored but offer a cheap, abundant, and renewable feedstock that can be converted into hydrocarbon-rich biofuel. Thus, the originality of this study lies in investigating the selective conversion of cassava peel into renewable aromatic hydrocarbons through flash pyrolysis catalyzed by an environmentally friendly MFI-type zeolite synthesized from rice husk ash and diatomite residue. A micro-pyrolyzer interfaced with chromatographic separation and mass spectrometry detection was used to compare the composition of condensable volatile products from catalytic pyrolysis over HZSM-5 with those from catalyst-free pyrolysis. Cassava peel, characterized by high volatile matter content (84.3 %), low ash content (3.19 %), and reasonable energy content (15 MJ kg −1), yielded a high content of valuable platform chemicals, such as carboxylic acids and furans, when subjected to catalyst-free pyrolysis. The catalytic upgrading pyrolysis vapors over the environmentally friendly HZSM-5 catalyst yielded approximately 56.0 % industrially relevant aromatic hydrocarbons and 39.9 % light organic acids. Other strengths of using HZSM-5 in upgrading pyrolysis vapors were its low selectivity for naphthalenes, precursors for coke formation, and the production of hydrocarbons in the gasoline range. Thus, HZSM-5 was an efficient catalyst for promoting deoxygenation and improving hydrocarbon content, with high selectivity for valuable aromatic hydrocarbons. In conclusion, cassava peel showed favorable prospects for conversion into hydrocarbon-rich bio-oil, serving as a valuable precursor for low-carbon biofuels.
{"title":"From cassava peel (Manihot esculenta) to hydrocarbon-rich bio-oil: Catalytic flash pyrolysis as a new valorization route","authors":"Thaís de Souza Lopes , José Luiz Francisco Alves , Thalita Marreiro Delmiro , Guilherme Quintela Calixto , Karine Fonseca Soares de Oliveira , Andrey da Silva Barbosa , Eduardo Luiz Voigt , Dulce Maria de Araújo Melo , Renata Martins Braga","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The valorization of agroindustrial residues for second-generation biofuels has garnered attention due to the increasing demand for low-carbon fuels aligned with transportation sector decarbonization efforts. In this context, cassava processing residues, particularly cassava peel, remain largely unexplored but offer a cheap, abundant, and renewable feedstock that can be converted into hydrocarbon-rich biofuel. Thus, the originality of this study lies in investigating the selective conversion of cassava peel into renewable aromatic hydrocarbons through flash pyrolysis catalyzed by an environmentally friendly MFI-type zeolite synthesized from rice husk ash and diatomite residue. A micro-pyrolyzer interfaced with chromatographic separation and mass spectrometry detection was used to compare the composition of condensable volatile products from catalytic pyrolysis over HZSM-5 with those from catalyst-free pyrolysis. Cassava peel, characterized by high volatile matter content (84.3 %), low ash content (3.19 %), and reasonable energy content (15 MJ kg <sup>−1</sup>), yielded a high content of valuable platform chemicals, such as carboxylic acids and furans, when subjected to catalyst-free pyrolysis. The catalytic upgrading pyrolysis vapors over the environmentally friendly HZSM-5 catalyst yielded approximately 56.0 % industrially relevant aromatic hydrocarbons and 39.9 % light organic acids. Other strengths of using HZSM-5 in upgrading pyrolysis vapors were its low selectivity for naphthalenes, precursors for coke formation, and the production of hydrocarbons in the gasoline range. Thus, HZSM-5 was an efficient catalyst for promoting deoxygenation and improving hydrocarbon content, with high selectivity for valuable aromatic hydrocarbons. In conclusion, cassava peel showed favorable prospects for conversion into hydrocarbon-rich bio-oil, serving as a valuable precursor for low-carbon biofuels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107432"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107433
Imtisal Zahid , Muhammad Hamza Nazir , Muhammad Asad Javed
Dates are vital sources of nutrients and bioactive components which are widely consumed throughout the world. Agro-industrial waste, such as date palm waste, has been recognized as a potential candidate of bioactive chemicals and essential oils for utilization in food, medicine, and cosmetics. Date fruit and seed are well-known for their nutritional worth, which includes high sugar, vitamins, and mineral content that includes potassium and magnesium. Presence of phenolic compounds diverges the attention of researchers towards efficient extraction processes. Various traditional e.g., soxhlet, maceration, infusion, and digesting and advanced extraction techniques, i.e., pressurised fluid extraction (PFE), enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and supercritical CO2 extraction (SC-CO2) have been discussed briefly to extract bioactive components for instance flavonoids, tocopherols, tannins, carotenoids, tocotrienols and hydroxybenzoic acid from date palm fruit, seed, and leaves. The findings reveal that the higher total phenolic content in a shorter time can be obtained by combining ultrasonic with PLE or SFE extraction techniques. These bioactive components can be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries for pre-treatment of certain ailments. Moreover, the natural bioactive components with potential therapeutic benefits, such as non-starch polysaccharides and selenium. The purpose of this study is to highlight the advances achieved in understanding bioactive components e.g., phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins hydroxycinnamic, hydroxybenzoic and bio-oil of date palm fruits, including their synthesis, probable functions, and health advantages, to find prospective uses for date-derived materials in the cosmetics, pharmaceutical and food sector.
{"title":"Extraction of bioactive components from date palm waste, various extraction processes and their applications: A review","authors":"Imtisal Zahid , Muhammad Hamza Nazir , Muhammad Asad Javed","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dates are vital sources of nutrients and bioactive components which are widely consumed throughout the world. Agro-industrial waste, such as date palm waste, has been recognized as a potential candidate of bioactive chemicals and essential oils for utilization in food, medicine, and cosmetics. Date fruit and seed are well-known for their nutritional worth, which includes high sugar, vitamins, and mineral content that includes potassium and magnesium. Presence of phenolic compounds diverges the attention of researchers towards efficient extraction processes. Various traditional e.g., soxhlet, maceration, infusion, and digesting and advanced extraction techniques, i.e., pressurised fluid extraction (PFE), enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> extraction (SC-CO<sub>2</sub>) have been discussed briefly to extract bioactive components for instance flavonoids, tocopherols, tannins, carotenoids, tocotrienols and hydroxybenzoic acid from date palm fruit, seed, and leaves. The findings reveal that the higher total phenolic content in a shorter time can be obtained by combining ultrasonic with PLE or SFE extraction techniques. These bioactive components can be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries for pre-treatment of certain ailments. Moreover, the natural bioactive components with potential therapeutic benefits, such as non-starch polysaccharides and selenium. The purpose of this study is to highlight the advances achieved in understanding bioactive components e.g., phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins hydroxycinnamic, hydroxybenzoic and bio-oil of date palm fruits, including their synthesis, probable functions, and health advantages, to find prospective uses for date-derived materials in the cosmetics, pharmaceutical and food sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107433"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107430
Zijun Yi , Chao Li , Kai Sun , Shu Zhang , Jun Xiang , Song Hu , Yi Wang , Xun Hu
Vegetables tend to have higher content of inorganics and might involve in co-pyrolysis and impact characteristics of pyrolytic products. This was investigated by co-pyrolysis of lettuce or spinach with noodles at 600 °C. The results showed that the inorganics and/or the volatiles from lettuce/spinach interacted with noodles-derived organics, enhancing gasification, which produced more gases while diminished biochar formation. The inorganics in lettuce or spinach also catalyzed cracking of themselves to form more organics with π-conjugated structure in bio-oil. Moreover, the activation energy (Ea) in the pyrolysis of noodles or nascent biochar of higher aromatic nature was much higher than that in pyrolysis of spinach or lettuce. However, exposure of more inorganics from vegetable-derived biochar, at only high feedstock conversion (>20 %), significantly involved in the pyrolysis, reducing Ea in the co-pyrolysis. The co-pyrolysis enhanced combustion performances and also densification of biochar structures with lowered environmental impacts.
蔬菜的无机物含量较高，可能会参与共热解并影响热解产物的特性。我们在 600 °C 下对莴苣或菠菜与面条的共热解进行了研究。结果表明，莴苣/菠菜中的无机物和/或挥发性物质与面条中的有机物相互作用，促进了气化，产生了更多气体，同时减少了生物炭的形成。莴苣或菠菜中的无机物还能催化自身裂解，在生物油中形成更多具有π-共轭结构的有机物。此外，热解面条或芳香性质较高的新生生物炭时的活化能（Ea）远高于热解菠菜或莴苣时的活化能（Ea）。然而，在原料转化率较高（20%）的情况下，蔬菜生物炭中更多的无机物会显著参与热解，从而降低共热解的 Ea。共热解提高了生物炭的燃烧性能和致密化程度，降低了对环境的影响。
{"title":"Co-pyrolysis of starch-rich food with ash-rich vegetables: Importance of inorganics in shaping pyrolysis reaction network and kinetics","authors":"Zijun Yi , Chao Li , Kai Sun , Shu Zhang , Jun Xiang , Song Hu , Yi Wang , Xun Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vegetables tend to have higher content of inorganics and might involve in co-pyrolysis and impact characteristics of pyrolytic products. This was investigated by co-pyrolysis of lettuce or spinach with noodles at 600 °C. The results showed that the inorganics and/or the volatiles from lettuce/spinach interacted with noodles-derived organics, enhancing gasification, which produced more gases while diminished biochar formation. The inorganics in lettuce or spinach also catalyzed cracking of themselves to form more organics with π-conjugated structure in bio-oil. Moreover, the activation energy (Ea) in the pyrolysis of noodles or nascent biochar of higher aromatic nature was much higher than that in pyrolysis of spinach or lettuce. However, exposure of more inorganics from vegetable-derived biochar, at only high feedstock conversion (>20 %), significantly involved in the pyrolysis, reducing Ea in the co-pyrolysis. The co-pyrolysis enhanced combustion performances and also densification of biochar structures with lowered environmental impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107430"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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