The energy potential of sludge from the anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic (A2O) process, HRAS + MBR process, and AGS process was comparatively evaluated in the study. The sludge from the A2O process (S1) consists of proteins, hemicellulose, and cellulose in 46 %, 30 % and 8 % in order. Organic compounds in sludge from the AGS process (S2) were mainly 41 % protein, 33 % hemicellulose, 9 % lignin, and 7 % lipids, while sludge from the HRAS + MBR process (S3) was mainly composed of a high amount of proteins (53 %), hemicellulose (14 %), and lipids (14 %). Results showed that the sludge from the HRAS + MBR process had the highest methane, which was 212 ± 18 mL CH4/g VS. Methane yield of sludge from the AGS process (173 ± 11 mL CH4/g VS) was slightly lower than that from the A2O process (180 ± 1 mL CH4/g VS). Compared to the A2O process, the organic matter in wastewater transformed to methane gas was nearly 21.0 % and 23.3 % for the AGS process, and HRAS + MBR process, respectively.
对比评价了厌氧/缺氧/好氧（A2O）工艺、HRAS + MBR工艺和AGS工艺污泥的能量潜力。A2O工艺产生的污泥（S1）由蛋白质、半纤维素和纤维素组成，其含量依次为46%、30%和8%。AGS工艺（S2）污泥中的有机化合物主要为41%的蛋白质、33%的半纤维素、9%的木质素和7%的脂质，而HRAS + MBR工艺（S3）污泥中的有机化合物主要由大量的蛋白质（53%）、半纤维素（14%）和脂质（14%）组成。结果表明，HRAS + MBR工艺污泥的甲烷产率最高，为212±18 mL CH4/g， AGS工艺污泥的甲烷产率为173±11 mL CH4/g VS，略低于A2O工艺污泥的甲烷产率（180±1 mL CH4/g VS）。与A2O工艺相比，AGS工艺和HRAS + MBR工艺废水中有机物转化为甲烷气的比例分别接近21.0%和23.3%。
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of sludge characteristics and methane potential from different municipal wastewater treatment processes","authors":"Busra Cicekalan , Sadiye Kosar , Fatma Busra Yaman Buyukbuberoglu , Gulin Ucas , Mustafa Evren Ersahin , Ismail Koyuncu , Izzet Ozturk , Hale Ozgun","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The energy potential of sludge from the anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic (A<sup>2</sup>O) process, HRAS + MBR process, and AGS process was comparatively evaluated in the study. The sludge from the A<sup>2</sup>O process (S1) consists of proteins, hemicellulose, and cellulose in 46 %, 30 % and 8 % in order. Organic compounds in sludge from the AGS process (S2) were mainly 41 % protein, 33 % hemicellulose, 9 % lignin, and 7 % lipids, while sludge from the HRAS + MBR process (S3) was mainly composed of a high amount of proteins (53 %), hemicellulose (14 %), and lipids (14 %). Results showed that the sludge from the HRAS + MBR process had the highest methane, which was 212 ± 18 mL CH<sub>4</sub>/g VS. Methane yield of sludge from the AGS process (173 ± 11 mL CH<sub>4</sub>/g VS) was slightly lower than that from the A<sup>2</sup>O process (180 ± 1 mL CH<sub>4</sub>/g VS). Compared to the A<sup>2</sup>O process, the organic matter in wastewater transformed to methane gas was nearly 21.0 % and 23.3 % for the AGS process, and HRAS + MBR process, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 108932"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145940196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) is an important pathway for decarbonizing the aviation sector. This supports both global climate goals and Indonesia's net-zero targets. Indonesia's agricultural residues—from palm oil, rice, and corn—have big potential as lignocellulosic feedstocks. These residues are different from primary crops. They do not compete with food or the biodiesel sector. This review looks at if it is feasible to turn these residues into SAF. The methods include pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), gasification, and fermentation. Techno-economic analyses show that thermochemical routes give better greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions (up to 94 %). Production costs, however, are still high ($1.80–$3.50/L) compared to normal jet fuel. There are problems holding back residue-based SAF use in Indonesia. There is a lack of fiscal incentives, undeveloped infrastructure and, on top of that, the market is a monopoly. The study points to one way to fix this: a need for decentralized pre-processing hubs to cut logistics costs. Also, urgent policy reforms are needed, like price gap funding and tax incentives, to make investment less risky. Strategic collaboration between academia, industry, and government is important to make Indonesia's residual potential a commercial reality.
{"title":"Indonesia's path to sustainable aviation fuel: Evaluating feedstock potential from agricultural residue","authors":"Afdal Adha , Muhammad Ilham Adhynugraha , Fithri Nur Purnamastuti , Fadli Cahya Megawanto , Budiyanto , Chairunnisa , Sherly Octavia Saraswati , Ilham Bagus Wiranto , Rinal Kharis , Indriasari , Fitrianto , Akhmad Amry , Atik Bintoro , Fadilah Hasim","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) is an important pathway for decarbonizing the aviation sector. This supports both global climate goals and Indonesia's net-zero targets. Indonesia's agricultural residues—from palm oil, rice, and corn—have big potential as lignocellulosic feedstocks. These residues are different from primary crops. They do not compete with food or the biodiesel sector. This review looks at if it is feasible to turn these residues into SAF. The methods include pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), gasification, and fermentation. Techno-economic analyses show that thermochemical routes give better greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions (up to 94 %). Production costs, however, are still high ($1.80–$3.50/L) compared to normal jet fuel. There are problems holding back residue-based SAF use in Indonesia. There is a lack of fiscal incentives, undeveloped infrastructure and, on top of that, the market is a monopoly. The study points to one way to fix this: a need for decentralized pre-processing hubs to cut logistics costs. Also, urgent policy reforms are needed, like price gap funding and tax incentives, to make investment less risky. Strategic collaboration between academia, industry, and government is important to make Indonesia's residual potential a commercial reality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 108927"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145940257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108908
Haiwei Ren , Yongpeng Du , Jucai Dou , Xiaopeng Guo , Yi Zhao , Jinping Li , Yu Wang , Dong Lu , Yi Zheng
Sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB) is an abundant by-product of juice extraction, but its high moisture and fermentable sugars make it prone to rapid spoilage, and then limiting large-scale utilization as ruminant feed or bioenergy substrate. As a bactericidal yeast, Pichia anomala exhibit the favorable antibacterial and antiseptic effects andis widely used for cereal preservation. This work aims to investigate the effects of adding Lactobacillus plantarum (LP, a typical common additive) and Pichia anomala (PA, an innovative fungal additive) on the fermentative characteristics, microbial community, and metabolic features during ensiling process of SSB. In PA silages, the contents of lactic acid and water-soluble carbohydrates were significantly higher than that in CK and LP silages, while pH value, acid detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin contents were significantly lower than that in CK and LP silages. Moreover, L. plantarum and Lactobacillus sakei were the dominant bacteria species in LP and PA silages, respectively. Multi-omics association analysis revealed that the dominant L. sakei was highly correlated with the contents of biotin and niacinamide, which both highly correlated with dry matter content. This association characteristic suggests a potential link between L. sakei-driven metabolites shifts and improved preservation effectiveness of dry matter. In sum, two additives could drive the formation of beneficial bacterial ecosystems and modulate their corresponding metabolic patterns, leading to different fermentative characteristics. Especially, P. anomala has specific regulatory properties during ensiling and improves the fermentation quality of SSB silage. This study offered a novel approach to improve ensiling quality of SSB by P. anomala additive.
{"title":"Improving sweet sorghum bagasse silage quality by adding Lactobacillus plantarum and Pichia anomala: Insights from multi-omics analysis","authors":"Haiwei Ren , Yongpeng Du , Jucai Dou , Xiaopeng Guo , Yi Zhao , Jinping Li , Yu Wang , Dong Lu , Yi Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB) is an abundant by-product of juice extraction, but its high moisture and fermentable sugars make it prone to rapid spoilage, and then limiting large-scale utilization as ruminant feed or bioenergy substrate. As a bactericidal yeast, <em>Pichia anomala</em> exhibit the favorable antibacterial and antiseptic effects andis widely used for cereal preservation. This work aims to investigate the effects of adding <em>Lactobacillus plantarum</em> (LP, a typical common additive) and <em>Pichia anomala</em> (PA, an innovative fungal additive) on the fermentative characteristics, microbial community, and metabolic features during ensiling process of SSB. In PA silages, the contents of lactic acid and water-soluble carbohydrates were significantly higher than that in CK and LP silages, while pH value, acid detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin contents were significantly lower than that in CK and LP silages. Moreover, <em>L. plantarum</em> and <em>Lactobacillus sakei</em> were the dominant bacteria species in LP and PA silages, respectively. Multi-omics association analysis revealed that the dominant <em>L. sakei</em> was highly correlated with the contents of biotin and niacinamide, which both highly correlated with dry matter content. This association characteristic suggests a potential link between <em>L. sakei</em>-driven metabolites shifts and improved preservation effectiveness of dry matter. In sum, two additives could drive the formation of beneficial bacterial ecosystems and modulate their corresponding metabolic patterns, leading to different fermentative characteristics. Especially, <em>P. anomala</em> has specific regulatory properties during ensiling and improves the fermentation quality of SSB silage. This study offered a novel approach to improve ensiling quality of SSB by <em>P. anomala</em> additive.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 108908"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145940262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Upstream emissions from charcoal production for cooking are significant in carbon emission reduction accounting. The default value for the conversion factor set by the United National Framework on Climate Change is currently 4 kg of wood per kg of charcoal, recently reduced from 6 kg/kg. This is based on the literature for a variety of traditional and improved kilns in a range of countries and does not account for additional losses along the value chain, potentially leading to inaccurate emissions reductions calculations. In this work, 24 traditional earth-mound kilns in Malawi and Ghana were monitored, including kiln conversion factors as well as losses in the wood harvest, distribution, transportation, and household stages. The average wood to charcoal conversion factor measured at the kiln stage in Malawi was 7.3 kg of wood (as-received) to 1 kg of charcoal (dry), and 6.9 kg/kg in Ghana (7.1 overall). However, expanding the system boundary to account for mass lost during harvesting, transportation, and distribution increased the conversion factor to 9.5 kg/kg in Malawi and 10.6 kg/kg in Ghana (10.0 kg/kg overall), with 17.9 % of total mass loss occurring outside of the kiln stage. It is likely that these more comprehensive and local conversion factors better quantify upstream carbon emissions and are important for determining emissions reductions from cleaner cooking and fuel switching programs.
{"title":"Quantifying charcoal conversion factors throughout the value chain in Malawi and Ghana","authors":"Jessie Urban , Jaden Berger , Yamungu Botha , Gloria Boafo-Mensah , Patience Agbedor , Aubrey Mkwate , Samuel Bentson , Nordica MacCarty","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Upstream emissions from charcoal production for cooking are significant in carbon emission reduction accounting. The default value for the conversion factor set by the United National Framework on Climate Change is currently 4 kg of wood per kg of charcoal, recently reduced from 6 kg/kg. This is based on the literature for a variety of traditional and improved kilns in a range of countries and does not account for additional losses along the value chain, potentially leading to inaccurate emissions reductions calculations. In this work, 24 traditional earth-mound kilns in Malawi and Ghana were monitored, including kiln conversion factors as well as losses in the wood harvest, distribution, transportation, and household stages. The average wood to charcoal conversion factor measured at the kiln stage in Malawi was 7.3 kg of wood (as-received) to 1 kg of charcoal (dry), and 6.9 kg/kg in Ghana (7.1 overall). However, expanding the system boundary to account for mass lost during harvesting, transportation, and distribution increased the conversion factor to 9.5 kg/kg in Malawi and 10.6 kg/kg in Ghana (10.0 kg/kg overall), with 17.9 % of total mass loss occurring outside of the kiln stage. It is likely that these more comprehensive and local conversion factors better quantify upstream carbon emissions and are important for determining emissions reductions from cleaner cooking and fuel switching programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 108914"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145940192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108930
Hai-Juan Zhao , Su Sun , Zhen-Yu Wang , Li Chen , Muhammad Wajid Ullah , Yan-Bo Zhang , Jian-Gang Zhou
The growing contamination of dye-enriched wastewater is a major environmental issue, driving extensive research into the development of adsorbents with high removal efficiency and exceptional adsorption capacity for dyes. Biomass adsorbents, valued for their renewability and low cost, have gained significant attention for treating cationic dye-contaminated wastewater. However, their susceptibility to bacterial contamination remains a challenge, as it can significantly reduce their adsorption effectiveness. To overcome these challenges, we have developed a novel adsorbent, named JBF, composed of Juncus effusus (JE), bacterial cellulose (BC), and fungal mycelium (FM). JBF was synthesized through a sequential fermentation process involving JE, Taonella mepensis, and Trametes versicolor. This adsorbent demonstrated impressive adsorption capacities for methylene blue (MB), crystal violet (CV), and brilliant green (BG), with values of 307.8, 256.2, and 239.4 mg/g, respectively. The presence of hydrogen bonds between the highly polar -OH groups of the polyphenols in the adsorbent is a key factor in providing abundant adsorption sites. Adsorption data analysis revealed pseudo-first-order kinetics and alignment with the Langmuir isotherm model. Additionally, the antibacterial activity of JBF, derived from polyphenols produced by the metabolism of JE by T. versicolor, enhanced its environmental safety and reusability. This work introduces a sustainable, efficient, and antibacterial biosorbent, offering a practical solution for the removal of cationic dyes from wastewater.
{"title":"Sequential bacterial-fungal fermentation upgrades Juncus effusus into an antibacterial biosorbent for cationic dyes","authors":"Hai-Juan Zhao , Su Sun , Zhen-Yu Wang , Li Chen , Muhammad Wajid Ullah , Yan-Bo Zhang , Jian-Gang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing contamination of dye-enriched wastewater is a major environmental issue, driving extensive research into the development of adsorbents with high removal efficiency and exceptional adsorption capacity for dyes. Biomass adsorbents, valued for their renewability and low cost, have gained significant attention for treating cationic dye-contaminated wastewater. However, their susceptibility to bacterial contamination remains a challenge, as it can significantly reduce their adsorption effectiveness. To overcome these challenges, we have developed a novel adsorbent, named JBF, composed of <em>Juncus effusus</em> (JE), bacterial cellulose (BC), and fungal mycelium (FM). JBF was synthesized through a sequential fermentation process involving JE, <em>Taonella mepensis</em>, and <em>Trametes versicolor</em>. This adsorbent demonstrated impressive adsorption capacities for methylene blue (MB), crystal violet (CV), and brilliant green (BG), with values of 307.8, 256.2, and 239.4 mg/g, respectively. The presence of hydrogen bonds between the highly polar -OH groups of the polyphenols in the adsorbent is a key factor in providing abundant adsorption sites. Adsorption data analysis revealed pseudo-first-order kinetics and alignment with the Langmuir isotherm model. Additionally, the antibacterial activity of JBF, derived from polyphenols produced by the metabolism of JE by <em>T</em>. <em>versicolor</em>, enhanced its environmental safety and reusability. This work introduces a sustainable, efficient, and antibacterial biosorbent, offering a practical solution for the removal of cationic dyes from wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 108930"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145940197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108923
Wan Yu , Xinyu Tan , Wei Yi , Gang Wang , Tao Hu , Huashan Su , Lei Liao
Utilizing biomass enables greenhouse gas emission reduction, and its integration with oxy-fuel combustion technology can achieve negative carbon emissions. To optimize the combustion efficiency and reaction mechanisms of biomass under such conditions, this study investigated the combustion characteristics and kinetic parameters of rice husks under oxygen-enriched atmospheres. This study employed thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the Coats-Redfern method to investigate the combustion characteristics and kinetic parameters of rice husks under oxygen-enriched atmospheres, at heating rates of 10, 20, and 30 °C/min and O2 concentrations of 20 %, 40 %, 60 %, 80 %, and 100 %. The research revealed that both increased heating rates and elevated O2 concentrations enhance the comprehensive combustion index of rice husks. The comprehensive combustion index reaches its maximum value of 5.06 × 10−6 under the 100 % O2 concentration. DSC curves exhibited a single exothermic zone at 20 % O2 concentration, which bifurcated into two distinct exothermic peaks when O2 concentration reached 40 %, indicating heightened sample reactivity at higher oxygen levels. Correlation analysis revealed that O2 concentration exhibited the strongest correlation with DTGmax (R2 = 0.98191, p < 0.01). This is attributed to the capability of O2 to lower the decomposition temperature of glycosidic bonds and suppress the formation of macromolecular products. These effects significantly enhance the decomposition of cellulose and hemicellulose. Consequently, the combustion efficiency of biomass is promoted. This study provides a scientific basis for efficient utilization of rice husk biomass.
利用生物质可以减少温室气体排放，与全氧燃烧技术相结合可以实现负碳排放。为了优化生物质在这种条件下的燃烧效率和反应机理，本研究对稻壳在富氧气氛下的燃烧特性和动力学参数进行了研究。采用热重分析（TGA）、差示扫描量热法（DSC）和Coats-Redfern法研究了稻壳在富氧气氛下，在升温速率为10、20和30°C/min， O2浓度为20%、40%、60%、80%和100%时的燃烧特性和动力学参数。研究表明，升温速率的增加和O2浓度的升高均能提高稻壳的综合燃烧指数。当O2浓度为100%时，综合燃烧指数达到最大值5.06 × 10−6。当O2浓度为20%时，DSC曲线呈现出单一放热区，当O2浓度达到40%时，该放热区分化为两个明显的放热峰，表明在高氧水平下样品的反应性增强。相关分析显示，O2浓度与DTGmax相关性最强（R2 = 0.98191, p < 0.01）。这是由于O2能够降低糖苷键的分解温度，抑制大分子产物的形成。这些作用显著地促进了纤维素和半纤维素的分解。从而提高了生物质的燃烧效率。本研究为谷壳生物质的高效利用提供了科学依据。
{"title":"Investigation of rice husk oxy-fuel combustion: kinetics and correlation analysis","authors":"Wan Yu , Xinyu Tan , Wei Yi , Gang Wang , Tao Hu , Huashan Su , Lei Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Utilizing biomass enables greenhouse gas emission reduction, and its integration with oxy-fuel combustion technology can achieve negative carbon emissions. To optimize the combustion efficiency and reaction mechanisms of biomass under such conditions, this study investigated the combustion characteristics and kinetic parameters of rice husks under oxygen-enriched atmospheres. This study employed thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the Coats-Redfern method to investigate the combustion characteristics and kinetic parameters of rice husks under oxygen-enriched atmospheres, at heating rates of 10, 20, and 30 °C/min and O<sub>2</sub> concentrations of 20 %, 40 %, 60 %, 80 %, and 100 %. The research revealed that both increased heating rates and elevated O<sub>2</sub> concentrations enhance the comprehensive combustion index of rice husks. The comprehensive combustion index reaches its maximum value of 5.06 × 10<sup>−6</sup> under the 100 % O<sub>2</sub> concentration. DSC curves exhibited a single exothermic zone at 20 % O<sub>2</sub> concentration, which bifurcated into two distinct exothermic peaks when O<sub>2</sub> concentration reached 40 %, indicating heightened sample reactivity at higher oxygen levels. Correlation analysis revealed that O<sub>2</sub> concentration exhibited the strongest correlation with DTG<sub>max</sub> (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.98191, p < 0.01). This is attributed to the capability of O<sub>2</sub> to lower the decomposition temperature of glycosidic bonds and suppress the formation of macromolecular products. These effects significantly enhance the decomposition of cellulose and hemicellulose. Consequently, the combustion efficiency of biomass is promoted. This study provides a scientific basis for efficient utilization of rice husk biomass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 108923"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145940194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108934
Haotian Song , Yujing Wu , Zhiyu Li , Chen Zhang , Peng Fu
Developing green and efficient pretreatment technologies is essential for advancing low-carbon biorefineries. Cotton stalk (CS), despite its abundance, remains underutilized due to pronounced biomass recalcitrance. In this study, a γ-valerolactone (GVL)-assisted deep eutectic solvent (GVL-DES) system composed of ChCl and p-TsOH was designed and evaluated for CS fractionation, with a p-TsOH/EtOH solvent serving as the benchmark. The effects of acid type, solvent composition, temperature, residence time, and solid-liquid ratio were systematically investigated. Compared with the acid/alcohol system, the GVL-DES pretreatment enhanced delignification efficiency, achieving a 96 % delignification ratio and a high cellulose retention under mild conditions (90 °C, 30 min, 1:20). Comprehensive structural analyze revealed that GVL-DES effectively disrupts the lignin-carbohydrate matrix, enlarges pore structures, enhances cellulose crystallinity, and promotes β-O-4 linkages cleavage while reducing lignin-carbohydrate impurities. The recovered lignin exhibited higher purity, increased oxidation level and indicating controlled structural reconstruction during extraction. Component flow diagram further confirmed efficient component separation and high lignin recovery. Overall, this work demonstrates that GVL-DES offers a robust, selective, and recyclable pretreatment strategy for agricultural residues, providing practical guidance for sustainable and high-value lignocellulosic biorefinery.
{"title":"Component fractionation of cotton stalk using a γ-valerolactone–assisted deep eutectic solvent pretreatment system","authors":"Haotian Song , Yujing Wu , Zhiyu Li , Chen Zhang , Peng Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108934","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108934","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing green and efficient pretreatment technologies is essential for advancing low-carbon biorefineries. Cotton stalk (CS), despite its abundance, remains underutilized due to pronounced biomass recalcitrance. In this study, a γ-valerolactone (GVL)-assisted deep eutectic solvent (GVL-DES) system composed of ChCl and <em>p</em>-TsOH was designed and evaluated for CS fractionation, with a <em>p</em>-TsOH/EtOH solvent serving as the benchmark. The effects of acid type, solvent composition, temperature, residence time, and solid-liquid ratio were systematically investigated. Compared with the acid/alcohol system, the GVL-DES pretreatment enhanced delignification efficiency, achieving a 96 % delignification ratio and a high cellulose retention under mild conditions (90 °C, 30 min, 1:20). Comprehensive structural analyze revealed that GVL-DES effectively disrupts the lignin-carbohydrate matrix, enlarges pore structures, enhances cellulose crystallinity, and promotes β-<em>O</em>-4 linkages cleavage while reducing lignin-carbohydrate impurities. The recovered lignin exhibited higher purity, increased oxidation level and indicating controlled structural reconstruction during extraction. Component flow diagram further confirmed efficient component separation and high lignin recovery. Overall, this work demonstrates that GVL-DES offers a robust, selective, and recyclable pretreatment strategy for agricultural residues, providing practical guidance for sustainable and high-value lignocellulosic biorefinery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 108934"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145940193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108929
Jingyi Xu , Yuxuan Yang , Kedong Ma , Minato Wakisaka , Zhiyong Ruan
Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge husk (XSH), a largely underutilized by-product of the woody oil industry, was converted into high-value xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS, DP 2–6) and fermentable monosaccharides via a novel integrated biorefinery strategy, which features simple operation, high efficiency, and strong industrial feasibility. Initially, rod milling (RM) combined with hydrothermal pretreatment (HP) was used as a chemical reagent-free and easy-to-operate process to solubilize XOS from XSH. This process achieved an XOS yield of 55.7 % with a low xylose/XOS ratio of 0.10, a result that not only ensures product purity but also reduces downstream processing costs. Subsequently, the pretreated solid residue was delignified with alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) to improve cellulase accessibility, enabling batch enzymatic hydrolysis to produce glucose at a concentration of 104.1 g/L and a high yield of 94.6 %. Notably, the solid loading was set at 50 %, which meets industrial production requirements and is critical for reducing water consumption and separation costs. Under this condition, fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis supplemented with Tween 80 yielded glucose and xylose at 290.6 g/L and 31.0 g/L, respectively, while overcoming common bottlenecks in high-solid processing. Mass balance analysis confirmed that 1000 g of XSH generated 115 g of XOS and 408 g of fermentable monosaccharides, verifying the feasibility of this value-added bioconversion route. This study demonstrates that XSH is a promising lignocellulosic feedstock, and the developed biorefinery strategy supports the large-scale production of high-value XOS and high-concentration fermentable sugars.
采用操作简单、效率高、工业可行性强的新型一体化生物炼制工艺，对木本油工业未充分利用的副产物山梨黄原果壳（XSH）进行了转化，得到了高价值低聚木糖（XOS, DP 2-6）和可发酵单糖。最初，棒磨（RM）与水热预处理（HP）相结合，作为一种无化学试剂且易于操作的工艺，从XSH中溶解XOS。该工艺实现了55.7%的XOS收率，木糖/XOS比低至0.10，不仅保证了产品纯度，还降低了下游加工成本。随后，用碱性过氧化氢（AHP）对预处理后的固体残渣进行去木素化处理，提高纤维素酶的可及性，实现批量酶解，葡萄糖的浓度为104.1 g/L，产率高达94.6%。值得注意的是，固体负载设置为50%，满足工业生产要求，对于降低水消耗和分离成本至关重要。在此条件下，补加Tween 80的补料批酶解，葡萄糖和木糖的产率分别为290.6 g/L和31.0 g/L，克服了高固加工的常见瓶颈。质量平衡分析证实，1000 g XSH可生成115 g XOS和408 g可发酵单糖，验证了该增值生物转化途径的可行性。该研究表明，XSH是一种很有前途的木质纤维素原料，开发的生物精炼策略支持大规模生产高价值XOS和高浓度可发酵糖。
{"title":"Co-producing functional xylo-oligosaccharides and high-titer monosaccharides from Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge husks: A simple stepwise synergistic pretreatment","authors":"Jingyi Xu , Yuxuan Yang , Kedong Ma , Minato Wakisaka , Zhiyong Ruan","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.108929","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Xanthoceras sorbifolium</em> Bunge husk (XSH), a largely underutilized by-product of the woody oil industry, was converted into high-value xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS, DP 2–6) and fermentable monosaccharides via a novel integrated biorefinery strategy, which features simple operation, high efficiency, and strong industrial feasibility. Initially, rod milling (RM) combined with hydrothermal pretreatment (HP) was used as a chemical reagent-free and easy-to-operate process to solubilize XOS from XSH. This process achieved an XOS yield of 55.7 % with a low xylose/XOS ratio of 0.10, a result that not only ensures product purity but also reduces downstream processing costs. Subsequently, the pretreated solid residue was delignified with alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) to improve cellulase accessibility, enabling batch enzymatic hydrolysis to produce glucose at a concentration of 104.1 g/L and a high yield of 94.6 %. Notably, the solid loading was set at 50 %, which meets industrial production requirements and is critical for reducing water consumption and separation costs. Under this condition, fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis supplemented with Tween 80 yielded glucose and xylose at 290.6 g/L and 31.0 g/L, respectively, while overcoming common bottlenecks in high-solid processing. Mass balance analysis confirmed that 1000 g of XSH generated 115 g of XOS and 408 g of fermentable monosaccharides, verifying the feasibility of this value-added bioconversion route. This study demonstrates that XSH is a promising lignocellulosic feedstock, and the developed biorefinery strategy supports the large-scale production of high-value XOS and high-concentration fermentable sugars.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 108929"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145902408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108885
Jazib Ali Irfan , Shiva Om Makaju , Mitra Mazarei , Charles Neal Stewart Jr. , Ali Mekki Missaoui
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a herbaceous perennial crop with a strong potential for second-generation renewable fuel production. Continued genetic improvement through recurrent selection and genomic tools is essential for advancing biomass yield. In the present study, we combined BLUP-based selection with AMMI and GGE analyses to evaluate yield performance and stability in 200 half-sib families. The panel was tested for three years at two experimental sites in Georgia (Watkinsville and Tifton) and for two years at experimental site in Tennessee (Knoxville). Biomass yield data were modelled using mixed effects to obtain BLUPs and REML-based variance components for genotypes, genotype × environment interaction and residual error. These components indicated moderate to high broad-sense heritability at family level (H2 = 0.50) and strong repeatability at individual plant level (H2 = 0.84). The top 25 families based on overall performance were examined using AMMI and GGE analysis for stability. The yield stability analysis was based on environment-BLUPs. AMMI and GGE biplots explained 81.1 % of the interaction variation and 75.6 % of the G + GE variation, respectively. The stability biplots highlighted clear G × E patterns, with progenies hsp-219.A, hsp-496.C, and hsp-497.C showing broad adaptation and hsp-317.A, and hsp-463.A exhibited region-specific adaptation with mean yields above 3 kg plant−1. We developed a yield-weighted stability index (YWSI) that integrates AMMI-stability values with environment-specific BLUPs. The YWSI identified five superior families with progenies hsp-496.C, hsp-463.A, hsp-317.A, hsp-B6, and hsp-219.A. This study demonstrates the value of combining BLUP-based prediction with multi-environment stability assessments to accelerate the identification of productive biomass in southeastern United States.
{"title":"Selection and multi-environment yield stability analysis in a switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) half-sib panel","authors":"Jazib Ali Irfan , Shiva Om Makaju , Mitra Mazarei , Charles Neal Stewart Jr. , Ali Mekki Missaoui","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108885","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Switchgrass (<em>Panicum virgatum</em> L.) is a herbaceous perennial crop with a strong potential for second-generation renewable fuel production. Continued genetic improvement through recurrent selection and genomic tools is essential for advancing biomass yield. In the present study, we combined BLUP-based selection with AMMI and GGE analyses to evaluate yield performance and stability in 200 half-sib families. The panel was tested for three years at two experimental sites in Georgia (Watkinsville and Tifton) and for two years at experimental site in Tennessee (Knoxville). Biomass yield data were modelled using mixed effects to obtain BLUPs and REML-based variance components for genotypes, genotype × environment interaction and residual error. These components indicated moderate to high broad-sense heritability at family level (H<sup>2</sup> = 0.50) and strong repeatability at individual plant level (H<sup>2</sup> = 0.84). The top 25 families based on overall performance were examined using AMMI and GGE analysis for stability. The yield stability analysis was based on environment-BLUPs. AMMI and GGE biplots explained 81.1 % of the interaction variation and 75.6 % of the G + GE variation, respectively. The stability biplots highlighted clear G × E patterns, with progenies hsp-219.A, hsp-496.C, and hsp-497.C showing broad adaptation and hsp-317.A, and hsp-463.A exhibited region-specific adaptation with mean yields above 3 kg plant<sup>−1</sup>. We developed a yield-weighted stability index (YWSI) that integrates AMMI-stability values with environment-specific BLUPs. The YWSI identified five superior families with progenies hsp-496.C, hsp-463.A, hsp-317.A, hsp-B6, and hsp-219.A. This study demonstrates the value of combining BLUP-based prediction with multi-environment stability assessments to accelerate the identification of productive biomass in southeastern United States.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 108885"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145897243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108913
Cristiane Romio , Michael Vedel Wegener Kofoed , Henrik Bjarne Møller
Recirculating the solid fraction of digestate could be an easy-to-implement strategy to increase methane production of biogas plants and further exploit expensive or scarce substrates. Solid-state alkaline treatment (at total solids content of 20 %) with 1–12 % KOH at 20 °C and a length of 1–8 days was explored as a method to enhance methane production from four solid digestate samples with the additional benefit of yielding a more valuable final digestate due to its enrichment in potassium. In comparison, the treatments were applied to a fresh commercial substrate mix. The ultimate methane yields of the solid digestate untreated samples varied between 122 and 162 ml/g of volatile solids, while that of the substrate mix was 294 ml/g of volatile solids. Post-treatments of the digestate samples resulted in ultimate methane yield changes between a 27 % decrease and a 41 % increase. These changes varied between a 4 % decrease and a 22 % increase when the substrate mix was pre-treated. In most cases, there was no evident correlation of KOH concentration and treatment duration on ultimate methane yields. However, increasing KOH concentration increased maximum methane production rates and shortened lag phase durations, while longer treatments reduced lag phase durations for solid digestate samples. Changes in maximum methane production rates and lag phase durations did not follow a clear trend for the substrate mix, and were, generally, less evident than for solid digestate. The economic viability of the process would be restricted by the high cost of KOH and low solid-liquid separation efficiency of digestate.
{"title":"Alkaline treatment with KOH for enhanced biogas recovery from agricultural feedstock and digested residues","authors":"Cristiane Romio , Michael Vedel Wegener Kofoed , Henrik Bjarne Møller","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recirculating the solid fraction of digestate could be an easy-to-implement strategy to increase methane production of biogas plants and further exploit expensive or scarce substrates. Solid-state alkaline treatment (at total solids content of 20 %) with 1–12 % KOH at 20 °C and a length of 1–8 days was explored as a method to enhance methane production from four solid digestate samples with the additional benefit of yielding a more valuable final digestate due to its enrichment in potassium. In comparison, the treatments were applied to a fresh commercial substrate mix. The ultimate methane yields of the solid digestate untreated samples varied between 122 and 162 ml/g of volatile solids, while that of the substrate mix was 294 ml/g of volatile solids. Post-treatments of the digestate samples resulted in ultimate methane yield changes between a 27 % decrease and a 41 % increase. These changes varied between a 4 % decrease and a 22 % increase when the substrate mix was pre-treated. In most cases, there was no evident correlation of KOH concentration and treatment duration on ultimate methane yields. However, increasing KOH concentration increased maximum methane production rates and shortened lag phase durations, while longer treatments reduced lag phase durations for solid digestate samples. Changes in maximum methane production rates and lag phase durations did not follow a clear trend for the substrate mix, and were, generally, less evident than for solid digestate. The economic viability of the process would be restricted by the high cost of KOH and low solid-liquid separation efficiency of digestate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 108913"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145897491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号