Pub Date : 2025-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107687
Cristina Elena Stavarache , Ali Khosravi , Maria Minodora Marin , Jeanina Pandele-Cusu , Sorana Elena Lazar , Florica Papa , Victor Fruth , Dana Culita , Nicolae Ionut Cristea , Stamatia Karakoulia , Konstantinos Triantafyllidis , Marian Nicolae Verziu
Catalytic activity of doped (5, 10, 15, 20, 25% Nb) and undoped TiO2, in the conversion of cellulose into lactic acid, was assessed in autoclave conditions. The catalysts were synthesized by solution combustion synthesis and characterized by several techniques such as: XPS, SEM-EDX, Py-FTIR, NH3-TPD, Raman, N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms and XRD. The insertion of niobium into titania structure did not lead to any phase segregation of the two oxides (TiO2 and Nb2O5) and didn't even generate Brønsted acid sites on the surface of titania, not even for niobium loading of 25 wt%, leading instead to an increase in Lewis acidity highlighted by an increase in lactic acid yield from 6 to 14 % (over 25%Nb-TiO2) for a small catalyst-to-cellulose mass ratio of 1:10. On the other hand, for high catalyst-to-cellulose mass ratio up to 2:1, the lactic acid yield was 29.8%. Moreover, due to high water tolerance, the 25%Nb-TiO2 catalyst could be recycled three times to convert cellulose without significantly losing its catalytic activity.
{"title":"Catalytic synthesis of lactic acid from cellulose over easily-prepared niobium-doped titania by solution combustion synthesis","authors":"Cristina Elena Stavarache , Ali Khosravi , Maria Minodora Marin , Jeanina Pandele-Cusu , Sorana Elena Lazar , Florica Papa , Victor Fruth , Dana Culita , Nicolae Ionut Cristea , Stamatia Karakoulia , Konstantinos Triantafyllidis , Marian Nicolae Verziu","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Catalytic activity of doped (5, 10, 15, 20, 25% Nb) and undoped TiO<sub>2</sub>, in the conversion of cellulose into lactic acid, was assessed in autoclave conditions. The catalysts were synthesized by solution combustion synthesis and characterized by several techniques such as: XPS, SEM-EDX, Py-FTIR, NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD, Raman, N<sub>2</sub> adsorption/desorption isotherms and XRD. The insertion of niobium into titania structure did not lead to any phase segregation of the two oxides (TiO<sub>2</sub> and Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) and didn't even generate Brønsted acid sites on the surface of titania, not even for niobium loading of 25 wt%, leading instead to an increase in Lewis acidity highlighted by an increase in lactic acid yield from 6 to 14 % (over 25%Nb-TiO<sub>2</sub>) for a small catalyst-to-cellulose mass ratio of 1:10. On the other hand, for high catalyst-to-cellulose mass ratio up to 2:1, the lactic acid yield was 29.8%. Moreover, due to high water tolerance, the 25%Nb-TiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst could be recycled three times to convert cellulose without significantly losing its catalytic activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 107687"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143349995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present study, betel leaf petioles, an abundant waste of betel leaf industries, were investigated as a promising source for extraction of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and evaluated the suitability of these CNC as a filler in biocomposites. In this context, the CNCs were isolated using sulfuric acid hydrolysis treatment and then incorporated into potato starch-guar gum (PSGG) composite films to assess their reinforcing effects. The results showed that the extracted CNCs exhibited rod-like structures with lengths ranging from 54 to 347 nm, diameters ranging from 2.82 to 10.17 nm, and a crystallinity index of 67.62 %, indicating successful removal of amorphous regions. This study also showed that adding of 1 % CNCs significantly enhanced the tensile strength and elongation at break of the PSGG films from 8.29 MPa to 11.22 MPa and 8.60 %–24.85 %, respectively. Moreover, water solubility and water vapour permeability of the PSGG films were found to decrease significantly due to the addition of the CNC. Furthermore, microstructure analysis of the films illustrated smooth, crack-free and homogenous surfaces, showcasing compatibility of the extracted CNC with the PSGG film.
{"title":"Valorization of betel leaf industry waste: Extraction of cellulose nanocrystals and their compatibility with starch-based composite films","authors":"Sujosh Nandi , Puja Priyadarshini Nayak , Proshanta Guha","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present study, betel leaf petioles, an abundant waste of betel leaf industries, were investigated as a promising source for extraction of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and evaluated the suitability of these CNC as a filler in biocomposites. In this context, the CNCs were isolated using sulfuric acid hydrolysis treatment and then incorporated into potato starch-guar gum (PSGG) composite films to assess their reinforcing effects. The results showed that the extracted CNCs exhibited rod-like structures with lengths ranging from 54 to 347 nm, diameters ranging from 2.82 to 10.17 nm, and a crystallinity index of 67.62 %, indicating successful removal of amorphous regions. This study also showed that adding of 1 % CNCs significantly enhanced the tensile strength and elongation at break of the PSGG films from 8.29 MPa to 11.22 MPa and 8.60 %–24.85 %, respectively. Moreover, water solubility and water vapour permeability of the PSGG films were found to decrease significantly due to the addition of the CNC. Furthermore, microstructure analysis of the films illustrated smooth, crack-free and homogenous surfaces, showcasing compatibility of the extracted CNC with the PSGG film.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 107678"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143235034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107674
Ángeles Trujillo-Reyes , Ana G. Pérez , Antonio Serrano , Javier Ramiro-García , Juan Cubero-Cardoso , Fernando G. Fermoso
The anaerobic digestion (AD) of fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) from wholesale markets can be significantly impacted by seasonal variations in feedstock composition. For this reason, this research aimed to evaluate the adaptability of anaerobic reactors to the different disturbances in feedstocks composition that may develop during long-term treatment of FVWs. Results showed that the system could be flexible enough to cope with type feedstock changes with an appropriate gradual adaptation process. Monoterpenes accumulation led to a decline in acetoclastic methanogens, particularly Methanosarcina, resulting in volatile fatty acids (VFAs) accumulation and process acidification. However, monoterpenes content reduction in the feedstock enabled AD process recovery, increased Methanosarcina relative abundance, stabilized methane production at 224 ± 13 mL CH4/g VS, and decreased VFAs by approximately 20 %. Therefore, it could be concluded that monoterpenes are compounds with a relevant potential impact and their cumulative levels in anaerobic reactors must be carefully monitored.
{"title":"Assessment of seasonal feedstock changes in long-term anaerobic digestion: Monoterpenes influence on the microbial consortium","authors":"Ángeles Trujillo-Reyes , Ana G. Pérez , Antonio Serrano , Javier Ramiro-García , Juan Cubero-Cardoso , Fernando G. Fermoso","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The anaerobic digestion (AD) of fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) from wholesale markets can be significantly impacted by seasonal variations in feedstock composition. For this reason, this research aimed to evaluate the adaptability of anaerobic reactors to the different disturbances in feedstocks composition that may develop during long-term treatment of FVWs. Results showed that the system could be flexible enough to cope with type feedstock changes with an appropriate gradual adaptation process. Monoterpenes accumulation led to a decline in acetoclastic methanogens, particularly <em>Methanosarcina</em>, resulting in volatile fatty acids (VFAs) accumulation and process acidification. However, monoterpenes content reduction in the feedstock enabled AD process recovery, increased <em>Methanosarcina</em> relative abundance, stabilized methane production at 224 ± 13 mL CH<sub>4</sub>/g VS, and decreased VFAs by approximately 20 %. Therefore, it could be concluded that monoterpenes are compounds with a relevant potential impact and their cumulative levels in anaerobic reactors must be carefully monitored.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 107674"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143235536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107663
Rachana Singh , Aarushi Goyal , Surbhi Sinha
Biochar, a carbon-rich product developed from biomass via thermochemical techniques, has attracted international recognition for its multifaceted prospects as a sustainable global environmental solution. This review article offers an extensive analysis of biochar production methods, industrial applications and market dynamics, with a special emphasis on India. It seeks to bridge the gap between technical advances and market prospects, highlighting the role of biochar in sustainable development and circular economy. The review article examines key questions, including: How do various biochar production techniques compare with regards to cost, efficiency and environmental impact? What are the challenges and chances of biochar implementation in various industries? How might India's emerging market of biochar contribute to global sustainability aims? This review uniquely combines the technical aspects of biochar production with an in-depth market analysis, highlighting on India's untapped potential in the global biochar market. The review emphasizes the efficacy of advanced biochar production techniques, including hydrothermal carbonization and microwave-assisted pyrolysis, while recognizing challenges like energy intensity and feedstock variability. The versatility of biochar is discussed through its application in various industries such as wastewater treatment, agriculture, electronics and construction. Significant findings encompass its capacity for carbon sequestration, enhanced soil productivity, and incorporation into sustainable construction materials. By acknowledging these components, this review can help researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders to improve biochar technology and increase its market potential globally, with particular emphasis on India.
{"title":"Global insights into biochar: Production, sustainable applications, and market dynamics","authors":"Rachana Singh , Aarushi Goyal , Surbhi Sinha","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biochar, a carbon-rich product developed from biomass via thermochemical techniques, has attracted international recognition for its multifaceted prospects as a sustainable global environmental solution. This review article offers an extensive analysis of biochar production methods, industrial applications and market dynamics, with a special emphasis on India. It seeks to bridge the gap between technical advances and market prospects, highlighting the role of biochar in sustainable development and circular economy. The review article examines key questions, including: How do various biochar production techniques compare with regards to cost, efficiency and environmental impact? What are the challenges and chances of biochar implementation in various industries? How might India's emerging market of biochar contribute to global sustainability aims? This review uniquely combines the technical aspects of biochar production with an in-depth market analysis, highlighting on India's untapped potential in the global biochar market. The review emphasizes the efficacy of advanced biochar production techniques, including hydrothermal carbonization and microwave-assisted pyrolysis, while recognizing challenges like energy intensity and feedstock variability. The versatility of biochar is discussed through its application in various industries such as wastewater treatment, agriculture, electronics and construction. Significant findings encompass its capacity for carbon sequestration, enhanced soil productivity, and incorporation into sustainable construction materials. By acknowledging these components, this review can help researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders to improve biochar technology and increase its market potential globally, with particular emphasis on India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 107663"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143235035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107671
Laleh Nazari , Haoyu Wang , Madhumita B. Ray , Chunbao Xu
The effects of feedstock type on hydrothermal liquefaction were explored through the co-conversion of waste activated sludge and various lignocellulosic biomass sources, including birchwood sawdust, cornstalk, and waste newspaper. This investigation aimed to produce bio-oil under consistent conditions at 310 °C and a 10-min reaction time, with subsequent comparison to results obtained using single feedstocks. The co-feeding of sludge with cornstalk and sawdust demonstrated the highest bio-oil yields at 34.2 % and 33.7 % wt%, respectively. The comprehensive characterization of the bio-oil products revealed that feedstock type influenced elemental composition and, consequently, the higher heating value of the bio-oils. Bio-oils derived from co-feeds exhibited a significant presence of nitrogenous compounds, esters, and fatty acids in contrast to the high percentage of phenolic compounds found in bio-oils from single feedstocks. Furthermore, these co-feed bio-oils displayed lower molecular weights, higher quantities of low boiling point compounds, increased volatile matter content, and reduced fixed carbon content compared to bio-oils produced from single feedstocks.
{"title":"Comparative studies of co-conversion of waste activated sludge and lignocellulosic wastes through hydrothermal liquefaction","authors":"Laleh Nazari , Haoyu Wang , Madhumita B. Ray , Chunbao Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of feedstock type on hydrothermal liquefaction were explored through the co-conversion of waste activated sludge and various lignocellulosic biomass sources, including birchwood sawdust, cornstalk, and waste newspaper. This investigation aimed to produce bio-oil under consistent conditions at 310 °C and a 10-min reaction time, with subsequent comparison to results obtained using single feedstocks. The co-feeding of sludge with cornstalk and sawdust demonstrated the highest bio-oil yields at 34.2 % and 33.7 % wt%, respectively. The comprehensive characterization of the bio-oil products revealed that feedstock type influenced elemental composition and, consequently, the higher heating value of the bio-oils. Bio-oils derived from co-feeds exhibited a significant presence of nitrogenous compounds, esters, and fatty acids in contrast to the high percentage of phenolic compounds found in bio-oils from single feedstocks. Furthermore, these co-feed bio-oils displayed lower molecular weights, higher quantities of low boiling point compounds, increased volatile matter content, and reduced fixed carbon content compared to bio-oils produced from single feedstocks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 107671"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The depletion of fossil fuel reserves and escalating environmental issues necessitate a shift to renewable energy. Agricultural residues like corn cobs offer a sustainable and cost-effective alternative. This study introduces an innovative one-pot hydrothermal process for converting corn cob biomass into furfural, a versatile platform chemical. Utilizing dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as a green solvent, the process achieves an exceptional furfural yield of 93.26 % at 120 °C within 2 h, significantly surpassing conventional methods. This approach aligns with circular economy principles by transforming agricultural waste into valuable chemicals while minimizing environmental impact. The method's scalability and alignment with Indonesia's National Energy Policy highlight its industrial potential. The findings underscore advancements in green chemistry and offer a practical pathway for sustainable industrial applications.
{"title":"Valorization of corn cob waste for furfural production: A circular economy approach","authors":"Dita Ariyanti , Dino Rimantho , Mario Leonardus , Tretya Ardyani , Lisnawati , Sri Fiviyanti , Wirya Sarwana , Yulizah Hanifah , Egi Agustian , Yenny Meliana , Ninik Triayu Susparini , Muhammad Hamzah Fansuri , Okri Asfino Putra , Sabar Simanungkalit","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The depletion of fossil fuel reserves and escalating environmental issues necessitate a shift to renewable energy. Agricultural residues like corn cobs offer a sustainable and cost-effective alternative. This study introduces an innovative one-pot hydrothermal process for converting corn cob biomass into furfural, a versatile platform chemical. Utilizing dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as a green solvent, the process achieves an exceptional furfural yield of 93.26 % at 120 °C within 2 h, significantly surpassing conventional methods. This approach aligns with circular economy principles by transforming agricultural waste into valuable chemicals while minimizing environmental impact. The method's scalability and alignment with Indonesia's National Energy Policy highlight its industrial potential. The findings underscore advancements in green chemistry and offer a practical pathway for sustainable industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 107665"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107669
P.B. Ramos , F. Jerez , M. Erans , A. Mamaní , M.F. Ponce , M.F. Sardella , E.S. Sanz-Pérez , R. Sanz , A. Arencibia , M.A. Bavio
Fossil fuels are still the main energy source, and their consumption has caused significant CO2 emissions. In this work, the synthesis of chemically activated carbons from olive tree pruning residues for environmental and energy applications is proposed. The residues were carbonized at 500 °C and then activated with KOH at different activation temperatures and impregnation ratios. Textural and chemical characterization were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms. The influence of activation temperature and impregnation ratio on textural properties and CO2 capture and energy storage performance was investigated. Activated carbons showed a high surface area range of 786–1985 m2 g−1 and significant microporosity development from 0.43 to 1.03 cm3 g−1. For CO2 capture applications, an equilibrium, thermodynamic, and kinetic analysis was performed. The AC600-3/1 presented a maximum adsorption capacity of 265.7 mg of CO2 g−1 at 0 °C and 1 bar. The carbon presented an excellent performance in 10 successive cycles of CO2 adsorption-desorption; the adsorption capacity was just reduced by 2.7 % at 30 °C. For applications in the energy storage field, all the activated carbons shown an adequate electrochemical performance for their use as active materials in supercapacitors. AC600-6/1 showed the maximum specific capacitance and energy, with values up to 707.5 F g−1 and 196.53 Wh kg−1, respectively at 0.33 A g−1. The valorization of olive tree pruning residue through activated carbons provides a solution to a disposal problem and it generates two environmentally friendly applications (CO2 capture and energy storage).
{"title":"Environmentally valorization of olive tree pruning residue: Activated carbons for CO2 capture and energy storage in supercapacitors","authors":"P.B. Ramos , F. Jerez , M. Erans , A. Mamaní , M.F. Ponce , M.F. Sardella , E.S. Sanz-Pérez , R. Sanz , A. Arencibia , M.A. Bavio","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fossil fuels are still the main energy source, and their consumption has caused significant CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. In this work, the synthesis of chemically activated carbons from olive tree pruning residues for environmental and energy applications is proposed. The residues were carbonized at 500 °C and then activated with KOH at different activation temperatures and impregnation ratios. Textural and chemical characterization were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and N<sub>2</sub> adsorption/desorption isotherms. The influence of activation temperature and impregnation ratio on textural properties and CO<sub>2</sub> capture and energy storage performance was investigated. Activated carbons showed a high surface area range of 786–1985 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> and significant microporosity development from 0.43 to 1.03 cm<sup>3</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>. For CO<sub>2</sub> capture applications, an equilibrium, thermodynamic, and kinetic analysis was performed. The AC600-3/1 presented a maximum adsorption capacity of 265.7 mg of CO<sub>2</sub> g<sup>−1</sup> at 0 °C and 1 bar. The carbon presented an excellent performance in 10 successive cycles of CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption-desorption; the adsorption capacity was just reduced by 2.7 % at 30 °C. For applications in the energy storage field, all the activated carbons shown an adequate electrochemical performance for their use as active materials in supercapacitors. AC600-6/1 showed the maximum specific capacitance and energy, with values up to 707.5 F g<sup>−1</sup> and 196.53 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively at 0.33 A g<sup>−1</sup>. The valorization of olive tree pruning residue through activated carbons provides a solution to a disposal problem and it generates two environmentally friendly applications (CO<sub>2</sub> capture and energy storage).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 107669"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107664
N.A. Mojapelo , N.S. Seroka , L. Khotseng
The world energy crisis and environmental issues resulting from fossil fuel depletion and increased greenhouse gas emissions have prompted extensive study into alternative, ecologically friendly energy sources. Interest in environmentally friendly and renewable energy, such as biodiesel, has grown significantly over fossil fuels. Biodiesel is a promising fuel alternative to petroleum diesel because it offers economic and ecological benefits. It is produced from the transesterification or esterification of suitable oil feedstocks and catalysts. Commercial homogeneous catalysts face numerous obstacles, including product separation and soap formation due to the interaction between high-FFA feedstock with homogeneous base catalysts. Thus, biochar-based magnetic heterogeneous catalysts in biodiesel production have received attention from researchers due to their simple separation process, large surface area, and faster catalyst recovery. In addition, many researchers have explored using cosolvents with heterogeneous catalysts to enhance biodiesel yield by minimizing the phase resistance between oil and alcohol. This review investigates recent improvements in biochar-magnetic bifunctional heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production, focusing on their ability to integrate esterification and transesterification reactions in a single step. The influence of oil feedstock properties, cosolvents, and catalyst preparation methods on biodiesel yield is thoroughly examined. Furthermore, the role of biochar derived from waste materials in improving the performance of magnetic solid-acid and base catalysts is extensively investigated. The findings highlight the ability of these catalysts to streamline biodiesel production, overcome key challenges, and contribute to the development of more sustainable energy alternatives.
{"title":"Investigation of biomagnetic bifunctional heterogeneous nanocatalysts and cosolvents for the conversion of spent oil to biodiesel for heavy-duty transportation (jet fuel application)","authors":"N.A. Mojapelo , N.S. Seroka , L. Khotseng","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The world energy crisis and environmental issues resulting from fossil fuel depletion and increased greenhouse gas emissions have prompted extensive study into alternative, ecologically friendly energy sources. Interest in environmentally friendly and renewable energy, such as biodiesel, has grown significantly over fossil fuels. Biodiesel is a promising fuel alternative to petroleum diesel because it offers economic and ecological benefits. It is produced from the transesterification or esterification of suitable oil feedstocks and catalysts. Commercial homogeneous catalysts face numerous obstacles, including product separation and soap formation due to the interaction between high-FFA feedstock with homogeneous base catalysts. Thus, biochar-based magnetic heterogeneous catalysts in biodiesel production have received attention from researchers due to their simple separation process, large surface area, and faster catalyst recovery. In addition, many researchers have explored using cosolvents with heterogeneous catalysts to enhance biodiesel yield by minimizing the phase resistance between oil and alcohol. This review investigates recent improvements in biochar-magnetic bifunctional heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production, focusing on their ability to integrate esterification and transesterification reactions in a single step. The influence of oil feedstock properties, cosolvents, and catalyst preparation methods on biodiesel yield is thoroughly examined. Furthermore, the role of biochar derived from waste materials in improving the performance of magnetic solid-acid and base catalysts is extensively investigated. The findings highlight the ability of these catalysts to streamline biodiesel production, overcome key challenges, and contribute to the development of more sustainable energy alternatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 107664"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107644
Xiaoxiao Yin , Junyu Tao , Jinglan Wang , Beibei Yan , Guanyi Chen , Zhanjun Cheng
Activation energy is a crucial indicator to explain the pyrolysis process of lignocellulosic biomass that can be converted into clean fuels and high-value-added chemicals. The present work employs machine learning algorithms to explore the hidden correlations between feedstock characteristics, thermogravimetry performance, reaction kinetic equation, and activation energy, which allows these kinetic parameters to be obtained without the Arrhenius equation. Bayesian optimization improves the Gradient boosting decision tree model performance: MSE of 198.67, R2 of 0.991. Feature importance analysis and partial dependence analysis show that feedstocks with high lignin content and low nitrogen and oxygen content usually have higher activation energy. Meanwhile, the temperature when the mass is reduced to 80% of the initial mass during the thermogravimetry process plays a very important role in activation energy. The results show that the machine learning model can accurately learn the relationship between thermogravimetry curve characteristics and activation energy, so it can accurately predict the activation energy of lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis. This approach can potentially save time and effort that would otherwise be spent on tedious calculations required by kinetic reaction equations. Additionally, it can provide useful guidance for experimental studies.
{"title":"Prediction of activation energy of lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis through thermogravimetry-assisted machine learning","authors":"Xiaoxiao Yin , Junyu Tao , Jinglan Wang , Beibei Yan , Guanyi Chen , Zhanjun Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Activation energy is a crucial indicator to explain the pyrolysis process of lignocellulosic biomass that can be converted into clean fuels and high-value-added chemicals. The present work employs machine learning algorithms to explore the hidden correlations between feedstock characteristics, thermogravimetry performance, reaction kinetic equation, and activation energy, which allows these kinetic parameters to be obtained without the Arrhenius equation. Bayesian optimization improves the Gradient boosting decision tree model performance: MSE of 198.67, <em>R</em><sup>2</sup> of 0.991. Feature importance analysis and partial dependence analysis show that feedstocks with high lignin content and low nitrogen and oxygen content usually have higher activation energy. Meanwhile, the temperature when the mass is reduced to 80% of the initial mass during the thermogravimetry process plays a very important role in activation energy. The results show that the machine learning model can accurately learn the relationship between thermogravimetry curve characteristics and activation energy, so it can accurately predict the activation energy of lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis. This approach can potentially save time and effort that would otherwise be spent on tedious calculations required by kinetic reaction equations. Additionally, it can provide useful guidance for experimental studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 107644"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) is known for its highly versatile oil, which has good therapeutic and cosmetic applications. The residual meal, rich in protein (26–29 %), is unexploited and limited for use in food systems due to the presence of anti-nutritional factors (mainly in the seed coat). This study attempts to upcycle jojoba oil cake to produce alternative proteins by investigating its extractability, and physicochemical, and functional characteristics. Three different extraction methods, namely, hot-pressed, dehulled and hot-pressed, and cold-pressed, were adopted. The results showed a significant impact of the pressing techniques on the properties of jojoba protein. Dehulling resulted in high purity (81.34 %) proteins with enhanced nutritional profile but had a negative effect on the stability (Td: 76.9 °C) and functional properties. Hot pressing methods resulted in protein dissociation, denaturation (Td: 79.9 °C), and disintegration, leading to the loss of structural integrity, which was evident from the SEM images. Conversely, the cold-pressed proteins exhibited high thermal stability (Td: 87.4 °C), bioactivity (73.63 % DPPH free radical scavenging activity), and functional properties despite having comparatively lower purity (61.53 %). The supremacy is attributable to the structural integrity of the proteins, which is preserved due to minimal processing impact. Overall, the findings demonstrated that jojoba proteins derived from cold-pressed oil cake displayed remarkable functional properties, suggesting their potential as a valuable functional ingredient. This enhances the circular bioeconomy through the use of agro-industrial residues in the food industry, resulting in waste reduction and promoting sustainability.
{"title":"Sustainable valorization of jojoba oilcake: Pressing method-dependent protein stability and functionality for food applications","authors":"Nevetha Ravindran, Sushil Kumar Singh, Poonam Singha","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Jojoba (<em>Simmondsia chinensis</em>) is known for its highly versatile oil, which has good therapeutic and cosmetic applications. The residual meal, rich in protein (26–29 %), is unexploited and limited for use in food systems due to the presence of anti-nutritional factors (mainly in the seed coat). This study attempts to upcycle jojoba oil cake to produce alternative proteins by investigating its extractability, and physicochemical, and functional characteristics. Three different extraction methods, namely, hot-pressed, dehulled and hot-pressed, and cold-pressed, were adopted. The results showed a significant impact of the pressing techniques on the properties of jojoba protein. Dehulling resulted in high purity (81.34 %) proteins with enhanced nutritional profile but had a negative effect on the stability (T<sub>d</sub>: 76.9 °C) and functional properties. Hot pressing methods resulted in protein dissociation, denaturation (T<sub>d</sub>: 79.9 °C), and disintegration, leading to the loss of structural integrity, which was evident from the SEM images. Conversely, the cold-pressed proteins exhibited high thermal stability (T<sub>d</sub>: 87.4 °C), bioactivity (73.63 % DPPH free radical scavenging activity), and functional properties despite having comparatively lower purity (61.53 %). The supremacy is attributable to the structural integrity of the proteins, which is preserved due to minimal processing impact. Overall, the findings demonstrated that jojoba proteins derived from cold-pressed oil cake displayed remarkable functional properties, suggesting their potential as a valuable functional ingredient. This enhances the circular bioeconomy through the use of agro-industrial residues in the food industry, resulting in waste reduction and promoting sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 107660"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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