Biomass & Bioenergy最新文献_第5页

Strategic integration of biomass in Brazil's future energy mix: Implications for electricity generation and sustainability 生物质在巴西未来能源结构中的战略整合：对发电和可持续性的影响

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109147

Olasunkanmi Opeoluwa Adeoye, Electo Eduardo Silva Lora, Leonardo Peña Pupo, Rubenildo Vieira Andrade, Laura Vieira Maia de Sousa, Diego Mauricio Yepes Maya, René Lesme Jaén, Osvaldo José Venturini

Prolonged droughts and subsequent river flow variations have reduced Brazil's hydropower output, creating a critical energy supply gap. To maintain grid reliability amidst the inherent variability of solar and wind expansion, electricity generation matrix has increased its dependence on environmentally detrimental alternatives. Although bioelectricity in Brazil is predominantly sourced from sugarcane, a substantial portion of the country's biomass potential remains underutilized. This study quantifies the theoretical, technical, and economic potentials of untapped biomass sources, including dedicated energy forests, crop residues, forest residues, vinasse, animal manure, municipal solid waste and excess electricity generation from the sugar industry, and assesses their integration into Brazil's future electricity mix from 2023 to 2050 using the Low Emission Analysis Platform (LEAP). Two energy scenarios were modelled, Business-As-Usual (BAU) and Available-Potential-Scenario (APS), which fully utilize the calculated economic potential. Results show that the economic potential of bioenergy could increase from 599.86 PJ in 2023 to 1455.27 PJ by 2050, supporting up to 70 GW of installed capacity. Under the APS, the renewable share in electricity generation increases from 87% (BAU) to 95% by 2050, with bioenergy contributing up to 26% of total electricity generation. This transition boosts energy availability by 42% compared to BAU and increases total installed capacity by 62% relative to the base year. Investment analysis showed that the additional installed bioenergy capacity does not create an investment burden, but rather reallocates capital toward cleaner energy alternatives. This research provides a practical strategy for Brazil to achieve its emissions reduction goals in electricity generation.

长期干旱和随后的河流流量变化减少了巴西的水电产量，造成了严重的能源供应缺口。为了在太阳能和风能扩张的内在可变性中保持电网的可靠性，发电矩阵增加了对环境有害替代方案的依赖。尽管巴西的生物电主要来自甘蔗，但该国生物质潜力的很大一部分仍未得到充分利用。本研究量化了未开发生物质资源的理论、技术和经济潜力，包括专用能源林、作物残茬、森林残茬、酒液、动物粪便、城市固体废物和制糖业产生的过剩电力，并利用低排放分析平台（LEAP）评估了它们在2023年至2050年期间融入巴西未来电力结构的情况。建立了两种能源情景模型，即正常运营情景（BAU）和可用潜力情景（APS），充分利用了计算出的经济潜力。结果表明，到2050年，生物能源的经济潜力可从2023年的599.86 PJ增加到1455.27 PJ，可支持高达70 GW的装机容量。根据APS计划，到2050年，可再生能源在发电中的份额将从87% （BAU）增加到95%，生物能源占总发电量的26%。与BAU相比，这一转变使能源可用性提高了42%，与基准年相比，总装机容量增加了62%。投资分析表明，新增的生物能源装机容量不会造成投资负担，反而会将资本重新分配给更清洁的替代能源。本研究为巴西实现发电减排目标提供了切实可行的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Biodiesel production from discarded fish waste lipids using CaO-based heterogeneous catalyst: kinetics modeling, process optimization and validation using Artificial neural network 基于cao基多相催化剂的鱼废脂生物柴油生产：动力学建模、工艺优化及人工神经网络验证

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109183

Umrana Maheer , Md Mokarram Badsha , Fatin Najwa Joynal Abedin , Venugopal Balakrishnan , Saima Sohni , Muzafar Zulkifli , Anita Ramli , Md Sohrab Hossain

The present study explores the effective conversion of lipids extracted from discarded fish waste into biodiesel using a CaO(Ca₃Al₂O₆) as a heterogeneous catalyst. The properties and the catalyst structure were explored using XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and EDX analyses. The lipid extraction from discarded fish waste was performed through Soxhlet extraction utilizing methanol as a solvent. The catalytic transesterification of biodiesel from discarded fish waste lipids was conducted employing CaO(Ca₃Al₂O₆) as a heterogeneous catalyst by varying lipids-to-methanol ratio (1:6-1:16), catalyst doses (1-6 wt%), reaction time (1-6 h), and temperature (40-70 °C). The experimental conditions were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) and validated using an artificial neural network (ANN). The highest biodiesel yield obtained was about 93% at optimal experimental conditions of lipid to methanol ratio of 1:8.79, reaction time of 4.11 h, reaction temperature of 65.49 °C, and catalyst loading of 4 wt%. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies discovered that the transesterification reaction is non-spontaneous and endothermic, and it requires a low activation energy (12.787 kJ/mol). Physicochemical properties of the synthesized biodiesel complied with the biodiesel standard specifications of EN 14214 and ASTM D6751, highlighting its suitability as a renewable alternative to conventional diesel fuels. This study offers a sustainable strategy for waste management and cleaner energy production, highlighting the potential of fish waste as a valuable resource for the bioeconomy.

本研究探讨了利用CaO（Ca3Al2O6）作为多相催化剂，将从废弃鱼类废物中提取的脂质有效转化为生物柴油。采用XRD、FT-IR、SEM、EDX等分析手段对催化剂的结构和性能进行了表征。以甲醇为溶剂，采用索氏提取法对废弃鱼渣进行脂质提取。以CaO（Ca3Al2O6）为非均相催化剂，通过改变脂甲醇比（1:6-1:16）、催化剂剂量（1-6 wt%）、反应时间（1-6 h）和温度（40-70℃），对鱼废脂催化酯交换制备生物柴油进行了研究。利用响应面法（RSM）对实验条件进行优化，并利用人工神经网络（ANN）对实验条件进行验证。在脂甲醇比为1:8.79、反应时间为4.11 h、反应温度为65.49℃、催化剂负载为4wt %的条件下，生物柴油的收率最高可达93%左右。动力学和热力学研究发现，该酯交换反应是非自发的吸热反应，需要较低的活化能（12.787 kJ/mol）。合成的生物柴油的物理化学性质符合EN 14214和ASTM D6751生物柴油标准规范，突出了其作为传统柴油燃料的可再生替代品的适用性。这项研究为废物管理和清洁能源生产提供了一个可持续的战略，突出了鱼类废物作为生物经济宝贵资源的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Climate change mitigation potential of producing wood-based materials and energy from restoring degraded land in Indonesia – A nation-wide scenario analysis 印度尼西亚通过恢复退化土地生产木质材料和能源的减缓气候变化潜力——全国情景分析

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109191

Rio Aryapratama , Simon Schulte , Stefan Pauliuk

The ongoing land use and land cover changes (LUCC) in Indonesia significantly contribute to climate warming and land degradation. At the same time, competing policy frameworks and land contestation are emerging, particularly regarding degraded land utilization for restoration and commodity production (e.g., timber, bioenergy). However, no study has assessed, at the national scale, the spatial availability of degraded land suitable for timber plantations and the associated carbon implications. Here, we combine a Geographical Information System (GIS)-based land suitability analysis with a dynamic material flow and life cycle assessment (MFA–LCA) framework to evaluate the climate mitigation potential of restoring degraded lands for wood materials and energy in Indonesia. The GIS analysis identifies 0.44–3.60 Mha of degraded land suitable for Acacia, Teak, and Rubber plantations, depending on degraded land definitions and biophysical constraints. The dynamic MFA–LCA model quantifies temporal carbon emissions and sequestration from biospheric and technospheric carbon flows over a 200-year time horizon. Our results show reforesting degraded land exhibits the highest climate benefit, achieving up to −456 Mt CO₂-eq over 200 years. In comparison, wood plantations yield less mitigation effects, with cumulative emissions ranging from −324 to 1130 Mt CO₂-eq depending on species and scenarios. Teak offers the greatest long-term carbon sequestration potential (−47 to −324 Mt CO₂-eq), while fast-growing Acacia supports short-term targets, potentially reducing Indonesia's 2030 Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) emissions by 5.7%. These findings highlight the need for policies that balance immediate emission reductions with long-term carbon sequestration through spatially targeted degraded land restoration.

印度尼西亚持续的土地利用和土地覆盖变化（LUCC）是导致气候变暖和土地退化的重要因素。与此同时，相互竞争的政策框架和土地竞争正在出现，特别是在用于恢复和商品生产（例如木材、生物能源）的退化土地利用方面。然而，在国家尺度上，没有研究评估适合木材种植的退化土地的空间可用性及其相关的碳影响。在此，我们将基于地理信息系统（GIS）的土地适宜性分析与动态物质流和生命周期评估（MFA-LCA）框架相结合，以评估印度尼西亚恢复退化土地生产木材材料和能源的气候减缓潜力。GIS分析确定了0.44-3.60 Mha的退化土地适合种植金合欢、柚木和橡胶，具体取决于退化土地的定义和生物物理限制。动态MFA-LCA模型量化了200年时间范围内生物圈和技术圈碳流的时间碳排放和固存。我们的研究结果表明，在退化土地上重新造林具有最高的气候效益，在200年内可达到- 4.56亿吨二氧化碳当量。相比之下，人工林产生的缓解效果较小，根据物种和情景的不同，累积排放量在- 324至1130亿吨二氧化碳当量之间。柚木具有最大的长期碳封存潜力（- 47至- 3.24亿吨二氧化碳当量），而生长迅速的金合欢支持短期目标，有可能将印度尼西亚2030年国家自主贡献（NDC）的排放量减少5.7%。这些发现强调需要制定政策，通过有空间针对性的退化土地恢复来平衡立即减排与长期碳封存。

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引用次数: 0

Characterization and evaluation of the energy potential of orange bagasse 桔甘蔗渣能量潜力的表征与评价

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109193

Washington Fernandes de Souza , Rodolfo Sbrolini Tiburcio , Edgard Gonçalves Cardoso , Milagros Cecilia Palacios-Bereche , Luana Maria Tavares Rosa , Antônio Garrido Gallego , Reynaldo Palacios-Bereche , Rafael Augusto Sotana de Souza , Lais Galileu Speranza , Ana Maria Pereira Neto

Climate change, fossil fuel depletion, and rising global energy demand underscore the need for strategic alternatives in energy conversion. In this context, the citrus processing industry, particularly orange juice production, represents a promising pathway for bioenergy recovery. Global orange processing (17.14 million metric tons), led by Brazil, Mexico, and the United States, generates large volumes of wastes such as peel, pulp, and seeds. This study characterized the chemical and thermophysical properties of these wastes and evaluated their energy availability potential. The results revealed attractive fuel characteristics, with a heating value (HHV_db = 17.64 MJ kg⁻¹) and ultimate and proximate compositions comparable to those of sugarcane bagasse, a biomass extensively used in Brazilian sugar–energy facilities. Despite the high theoretical energy potential (∼429 thousand toe), the high as-received moisture content (>80%) remains a major barrier to efficient combustion. To address this constraint, scenarios combining mechanical pressing (reducing moisture to 65%) and subsequent thermal rotary drying were evaluated in terms of net energy availability. Under these conditions, the net energy available (∼202 thousand toe) not only met the thermal demand of the juice concentration stage but also generated surplus energy for processes such as juice pasteurization or sale through cogeneration. Although the use of orange wastes as solid biofuels may not yield the highest financial returns, it presents a technically viable strategy to strengthen energy self-sufficiency, reduce dependence on external fossil fuels, and mitigate environmental liabilities in the citrus industry.

气候变化、化石燃料枯竭和全球能源需求的不断增长，凸显了在能源转换中寻找战略替代方案的必要性。在这种情况下，柑橘加工业，特别是橙汁生产，代表了生物能源回收的有希望的途径。以巴西、墨西哥和美国为首的全球橙子加工（1714万吨）产生了大量的果皮、果肉和种子等废物。本研究表征了这些废物的化学和热物理性质，并评估了它们的能源利用潜力。结果显示，该燃料具有极具吸引力的特性，其热值（HHVdb = 17.64 MJ kg−1）和最终和近似组成可与巴西糖能源设施中广泛使用的生物质甘蔗渣相媲美。尽管理论能势很高（~ 429,000 toe），但高接收水分含量（>80%）仍然是有效燃烧的主要障碍。为了解决这一限制，根据净能量可用性评估了机械压榨（将水分降低到65%）和随后的热旋转干燥相结合的方案。在这些条件下，可利用的净能量（~ 20.2万toe）不仅满足了果汁浓缩阶段的热需求，而且还为果汁巴氏杀菌或通过热电联产销售等过程产生了剩余能量。虽然使用柑橘废弃物作为固体生物燃料可能不会产生最高的经济回报，但它提出了一种技术上可行的战略，可以加强能源自给自足，减少对外部化石燃料的依赖，并减轻柑橘产业的环境责任。

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引用次数: 0

One-step fabrication of porous carbon via molten salt-assisted pyrolysis and evaluation of its CO2 adsorption performance 熔融盐辅助热解一步法制备多孔碳及其CO2吸附性能评价

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109259

Li Zhao , Run Zhang , Ting Huang , Ding-wang Qiao , Qi Niu , Ze-jun Luo , Kai Li , Qiang Lu

The synthesis of effective CO₂ adsorbents sourced from biomass has attracted significant research interest in the area of carbon capture. However, conventional biomass-derived porous carbons often underperform due to their simplistic pore structure. In this work, a high-performance porous carbon material for CO₂ adsorption was prepared in this work via one-step pyrolysis of poplar wood chips, using an innovative KCl-K₂CO₃ molten salt mixture as the activator. This study systematically investigated the modulation of physicochemical properties and CO₂ adsorption capabilities in the resulting porous carbons by this KCl-K₂CO₃ molten salt system. The molten salt enhanced the uniformity of the reaction between K₂CO₃ and the carbon framework due to its superior dispersing effect. This led to the formation of a hierarchical pore architecture that included both narrow and wide micropores. Under optimal process conditions, the porous carbon material (KK-3-700), synthesized under optimal conditions (poplar wood chips: KCl mass ratio = 5:3, KCl: K₂CO₃ molar ratio = 0.624:1, 700 °C activation), possessed an extensively interconnected porous network with a high BET surface area of 1499 m²/g. The pore size distribution was dominated by pores in the 0.5-0.8 nm range, with an additional peak near 1 nm, yielding a substantial volume of narrow micropores. The distinct pore structure contributed directly to high CO₂ adsorption performance, with capacities of 6.26 mmol/g at 0 °C and 4.38 mmol/g at 25 °C under 1 bar, while maintaining a CO₂/N₂ selectivity of 16.6-24.2. After five consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles, KK-3-700 retained 97.3% of its initial CO₂ uptake capacity, demonstrating considerable potential for industrial carbon capture applications.

从生物质中合成有效的CO2吸附剂已经引起了碳捕获领域的重大研究兴趣。然而，传统的生物质衍生多孔碳由于其简单的孔隙结构往往表现不佳。本工作以创新的KCl-K2CO3熔盐混合物为活化剂，通过一步热解制备了一种高性能的吸附CO2的多孔碳材料。本研究系统地考察了KCl-K2CO3熔盐体系对多孔碳的物理化学性质和CO2吸附能力的调节。熔融盐具有良好的分散作用，提高了K2CO3与碳骨架反应的均匀性。这导致形成了一个分层的孔隙结构，包括窄微孔和宽微孔。在最佳工艺条件下（杨木木屑：KCl质量比= 5:3，KCl: K2CO3摩尔比= 0.624:1,700℃活化）合成的多孔碳材料KK-3-700具有广泛互连的多孔网络，BET表面积高达1499 m2/g。孔径分布以0.5 ~ 0.8 nm范围内的孔隙为主，在1 nm附近有一个附加峰，形成大量的窄微孔。不同的孔隙结构直接导致了高的CO2吸附性能，在0°C和25°C下，1 bar下的吸附容量分别为6.26 mmol/g和4.38 mmol/g，同时保持了16.6-24.2的CO2/N2选择性。在连续5次吸附-解吸循环后，KK-3-700保留了其初始二氧化碳吸收能力的97.3%，显示出相当大的工业碳捕集应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Dual valorization of seaweed-industry wastes into mechanically robust activated carbon pellets for CO2 capture 海藻工业废物的双重增值成机械坚固的活性炭颗粒，用于二氧化碳捕获

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109217

Nizar Amir , Farihahusnah Hussin , Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua , Misri Gozan

The dual valorization of seaweed-industry waste into mechanically robust activated carbon (AC) pellets for carbon dioxide (CO₂) adsorption in the flue gas streams provides a sustainable solution to mitigate global CO₂ emissions and industrial waste burdens. Therefore, this study addresses the limited research regarding the detailed conversion of dual seaweed-industry waste streams into AC pellets for CO₂ adsorption. In this work, raw seaweed waste was prepared, then synthesized into AC via KOH activation, followed by pelletization using a binder from carrageenan waste to develop AC pellets, which were then evaluated for detailed CO₂ adsorption performance. The kinetic mechanism of CO₂ adsorption was also investigated. The optimal parameters for AC development were a precursor:KOH weight ratio of 1:2 and an activation temperature of 700 °C. Under these conditions, the produced AC exhibited a BET surface area of 783.67 m²/g, microporosity exceeding 74%, and an average pore diameter of 2 nm. The breakthrough time and CO₂ adsorption capacity reached approximately 26 min and 0.79 mmol/g, respectively, at 25 °C, with a mixed-gas flow rate of 200 mL/min and a CO₂ concentration of 15%. The Avrami kinetic model provided the best fit for describing the CO₂ adsorption mechanism. The results of this study provide practical guidance for academia, industry, and policymakers to mitigate waste burdens and CO₂ emissions, in line with Sustainable Development Goals 9, 13, and 15. This work also demonstrates that seaweed-industry waste can be transformed into CO₂ adsorbents, providing a scalable strategy for climate action and a sustainable circular economy.

海藻工业废物的双重增值成机械坚固的活性炭（AC）颗粒，用于在烟道气流中吸附二氧化碳（CO2），为减轻全球二氧化碳排放和工业废物负担提供了可持续的解决方案。因此，本研究解决了关于将双海藻工业废液转化为AC颗粒以吸附CO2的详细研究的局限性。在本研究中，制备了海藻原料，然后通过KOH活化合成AC，然后使用卡拉胶废物的粘合剂制成球团，然后对其CO2吸附性能进行了详细的评估。并对CO2吸附的动力学机理进行了研究。催化反应的最佳参数为前驱体：KOH质量比为1:2，活化温度为700℃。在此条件下，所得活性炭的BET比表面积为783.67 m2/g，微孔隙度超过74%，平均孔径为2 nm。在25℃、混气流速为200 mL/min、CO2浓度为15%的条件下，突破时间约为26 min， CO2吸附量约为0.79 mmol/g。Avrami动力学模型最适合描述CO2吸附机理。本研究的结果为学术界、工业界和政策制定者提供了实践指导，以根据可持续发展目标9、13和15减轻废物负担和二氧化碳排放。这项工作还表明，海藻工业的废物可以转化为二氧化碳吸附剂，为气候行动和可持续循环经济提供了可扩展的战略。

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引用次数: 0

Green synthesis of carbon quantum dots from organic waste on environmental protection: A bibliometric analysis 有机废弃物绿色合成碳量子点对环境保护的文献计量分析

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109120

Hadiza Shehu Giwa , Hazrulrizawati Abd Hamid , Farah Hanani Zulkifli , Jianbo Xiao

The rapid expansion of industrial and agricultural activities has led to the excessive generation of organic waste, intensifying environmental pollution and resource depletion. This study presents the first comprehensive bibliometric analysis of green-synthesised CQDs derived from organic waste and their environmental applications. A total of 323 peer-reviewed articles and reviews published between 2012 and 2024 were retrieved from the Web of Science database and analysed using VOSviewer. The dataset was compiled from 10,515 citations, with an average of 32.55 citations per document and an H-index of 53, indicating a steep rise and growing influence of the research area. The network and co-occurrence analyses revealed four prevailing thematic clusters, namely eco-friendly waste valorisation, wastewater treatment and pollutant sensing, green synthesis of graphene and carbon quantum dots, and CQD-based energy storage systems. Most highly cited studies have used food, agricultural, and sewage wastes as sustainable carbon precursors and have shown that these materials can be used for heavy-metal detection, photocatalytic destruction of organic pollutants, bioimaging, and supercapacitors. The keyword analysis revealed a focus on photoluminescence, nanoparticles, selective detection, and low-cost synthesis methods. The findings highlight the importance of waste-derived CQDs for circular-economy and clean-water applications, while identifying research gaps in scalability, stability, and waste-stream diversity.

工农业活动的迅速扩张导致有机废物的过量产生，加剧了环境污染和资源枯竭。本研究首次对来自有机废物的绿色合成CQDs及其环境应用进行了全面的文献计量分析。从Web of Science数据库中检索了2012年至2024年间发表的323篇同行评议文章和评论，并使用VOSviewer进行了分析。该数据集收录了10515次引用，平均每篇论文被引用32.55次，h指数为53，表明该研究领域的急剧上升和影响力越来越大。网络和共现分析揭示了四个主要的主题集群，即生态友好型废物增值、废水处理和污染物传感、石墨烯和碳量子点的绿色合成以及基于cqd的储能系统。大多数被高度引用的研究都使用食物、农业和污水废物作为可持续碳前体，并表明这些材料可用于重金属检测、有机污染物的光催化破坏、生物成像和超级电容器。关键词分析揭示了光致发光、纳米粒子、选择性检测和低成本合成方法的重点。研究结果强调了废物来源的CQDs对循环经济和清洁水应用的重要性，同时确定了可扩展性、稳定性和废物流多样性方面的研究差距。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated co-digestion and dual fixed-bed Fe2O3/Ca(OH)2 biogas upgrading using fruit and vegetable waste and cattle manure 果蔬废弃物与牛粪一体化共消化双固定床Fe2O3/Ca(OH)2沼气升级研究

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109159

Clara I. Sandoval Camarillo , Fidel A. Aguilar-Aguilar , Violeta Y. Mena-Cervantes , Raúl Hernández-Altamirano

Low-cost biogas upgrading remains a major barrier to decentralized biomethane deployment, particularly where conventional scrubbing or membrane systems are impractical. This study quantifies the performance envelope of a dual fixed-bed upgrading train operated in series (Fe₂O₃ for H₂S removal followed by solid Ca(OH)₂ for CO₂ capture) while treating real biogas generated on-site. Semi-continuous co-digestion of fruit and vegetable waste and cattle manure (30:70 on a VS basis) was used solely as a realistic and stable biogas supply to provide representative CH₄/CO₂/H₂S loads to the upgrading unit. Under favorable hydrodynamic conditions, biomethane-quality enrichment was achieved (CH₄ ≥ 99.4%) with near-complete CO₂ removal (∼99.7–99.95%) and H₂S reduced to low-ppm/sub-ppm levels (0.624–1.54 ppm; >99%). Performance losses at higher throughput indicated that CO₂ capture in the Ca(OH)₂ bed is the limiting step under demanding conditions. Post-use characterization (SEM, TGA/DTG, XRD) confirmed carbonation of Ca(OH)₂ to CaCO₃ and transformations consistent with sulfide capture in the iron bed, linking performance trends to sorbent evolution. System-level indicators yielded 66 m³ biogas·t⁻¹ and 44.22 m³ CH₄·t⁻¹ (≈1583 MJ t⁻¹, LHV basis) and a simplified benefit of ≈0.895 t CO₂_eq t⁻¹ avoided within the defined boundary. The results demonstrate that biomethane-quality upgrading can be achieved under mild operating conditions using low-cost solid sorbents in a compact fixed-bed train.

低成本沼气升级仍然是分散式生物甲烷部署的主要障碍，特别是在传统的洗涤或膜系统不切实际的情况下。本研究量化了在处理现场产生的实际沼气时，串联运行的双固定床升级列车（去除H2S的Fe2O3，然后捕获二氧化碳的固体Ca(OH)2）的性能包络线。仅采用果蔬废弃物与牛粪半连续共消化（VS比30:70）作为现实稳定的沼气供应，为升级装置提供具有代表性的CH4/CO2/H2S负荷。在良好的流体动力条件下，实现了生物甲烷质量富集（CH4≥99.4%），几乎完全去除CO2 (~ 99.7-99.95%)， H2S降低到低ppm/亚ppm水平（0.624-1.54 ppm; >99%）。高通量下的性能损失表明，在苛刻的条件下，Ca(OH)2床中的CO2捕获是限制步骤。使用后的表征（SEM, TGA/DTG， XRD）证实了Ca(OH)2向CaCO3的碳化和转化与铁床中的硫化物捕获一致，将性能趋势与吸附剂的演变联系起来。系统级指标产生66 m3沼气·t−1和44.22 m3 CH4·t−1（≈1583 MJ t−1，LHV基础上），在定义的边界内避免了≈0.895 t CO2eq t−1的简化效益。结果表明，在小型固定床列车中使用低成本的固体吸附剂可以在温和的操作条件下实现生物甲烷质量的提升。

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引用次数: 0

Biogenic synthesis of Fe2O3-MgO nanocomposites for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil: Optimization via response surface methodology 利用废食用油制备生物柴油用Fe2O3-MgO纳米复合材料：响应面法优化

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109170

Mosaed S. Alhumaimess, Shahad K.M. Alsirhani, Modather F. Hussein, Ibrahim Hotan Alsohaimi, Huda I. Aljaddua, Amr A. Essawy, M.R. El-Aassar, Hassan M.A. Hassan

Fe₂O₃-MgO nanocomposites containing 5 and 10 mol% Fe₂O₃ were synthesized via a biogenic solution combustion method using pomegranate seed extract as a bio-fuel and stabilizing agent. The combustion process promoted rapid gas evolution, resulting in mesoporous structures with reduced crystallite sizes. XRD confirmed the formation of cubic MgO with no secondary MgFe₂O₄ phase, while Scherrer analysis showed a decrease in crystallite size from 15.4 nm (MgO) to 10.6 nm (10 mol% Fe₂O₃-MgO). BET analysis revealed an increase in surface area from 73.3 m²/g (MgO) to 87.4 m²/g (10 mol% Fe₂O₃-MgO) with mesoporous characteristics. XPS results confirmed Fe–O–Mg interactions and the presence of Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ species, generating bifunctional acidic–basic active sites. TGA demonstrated that the composite exhibited enhanced thermal stability compared to pristine MgO. The catalytic activity was evaluated for the transesterification of waste cooking oil. A central composite design (CCD) under Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize methanol-to-oil molar ratio (3–18), catalyst loading (1–5%), reaction time (1–6 h), and temperature (40–70 °C). ANOVA analysis showed a significant quadratic model (R² = 0.9668, F-value = 31.19). The optimal conditions (15:1 M ratio, 2% catalyst, 5 h, 60 °C) yielded 91.8% biodiesel conversion. The catalyst maintained high activity over multiple cycles with minimal performance loss. These results demonstrate that controlled Fe incorporation enhances surface properties and catalytic efficiency in biodiesel production.

以石榴籽提取物为生物燃料和稳定剂，采用生物溶液燃烧法制备了Fe2O3- mgo纳米复合材料。燃烧过程促进了气体的快速演化，形成了晶体尺寸减小的介孔结构。XRD证实了MgO的形成，没有MgFe2O4的二次相，而Scherrer分析表明晶粒尺寸从15.4 nm （MgO）减小到10.6 nm （10 mol% Fe2O3-MgO）。BET分析显示，表面面积从73.3 m2/g （MgO）增加到87.4 m2/g (10 mol% Fe2O3-MgO)，具有介孔特征。XPS结果证实了Fe-O-Mg的相互作用和Fe3+/Fe2+的存在，产生了双功能的酸碱活性位点。TGA表明，与原始MgO相比，复合材料表现出更高的热稳定性。考察了废食用油酯交换反应的催化活性。采用响应面法（RSM）的中心复合设计（CCD）优化甲醇油摩尔比（3-18）、催化剂负载（1-5%）、反应时间（1-6 h）和温度（40-70℃）。方差分析显示二次模型显著（R2 = 0.9668， f值= 31.19）。最佳条件为：M比15:1，催化剂浓度2%，反应时间5 h，反应温度60℃，生物柴油转化率为91.8%。催化剂在多次循环中保持高活性，性能损失最小。这些结果表明，控制铁的掺入提高了生物柴油生产的表面性能和催化效率。

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引用次数: 0

Molten salt-assisted Co-pyrolysis of biomass and waste plastics: Analysis of product characteristics 熔融盐辅助生物质与废塑料共热解：产品特性分析

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109186

Yanjun Hu , Chong Yang , Fan Yu , Qianqian Guo , Xingxuan Zhang , Wei Bao , Kitae Baek , Rufei Lu , Frederik Ronsse

Co-pyrolysis is an effective way to achieve high-value utilization of biomass and waste plastics. To overcome the limitations of asynchronous heat transfer in traditional co-pyrolysis processes, a ternary molten carbonate system (Li₂CO₃–Na₂CO₃–K₂CO₃) was used as the reaction medium to study the effects of temperature (450–550 °C) and feedstock ratio (CS:PE = 3:1–1:3) on the co-pyrolysis products of corn stover (CS) and polyethylene (PE) plastic. The molten-salt environment facilitated synchronized decomposition of CS and PE plastic, effectively suppressing polycondensation and coking reactions while promoting hydrodeoxygenation of functional groups and C–O bond cleavage. Moreover, alkaline sites provided by alkali-metal cations catalyzed more complete secondary cracking and reforming of volatiles, resulting in an increase in gas production and a decrease in bio-oil and biochar production. Meanwhile, the fractions of H₂ and CO in the syngas were enriched, the hydrocarbon content in the pyrolysis bio-oil increased, and oxygenated compounds such as alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones were markedly reduced. Additionally, the templating and etching effects of the molten salt improved the structural ordering of the biochar, lowered its O/C ratio, and promoted a transition from microporous to mesoporous architecture. Notably, the synergistic effect between CS and PE was most pronounced at 550 °C with a 1:1 blending ratio, where the H₂ content reached 29.26 vol% (108.11 mL g⁻¹) and the hydrocarbon fraction in the bio-oil increased to 62.52%. Overall, molten salt-assisted co-pyrolysis provides a promising strategy for the targeted production of H₂/CO-rich syngas, low-oxygen bio-oil, and structurally optimized biochar from biomass and waste plastics.

共热解是实现生物质和废塑料高价值利用的有效途径。为了克服传统共热解过程中异步传热的局限性，以三元熔融碳酸盐岩体系（Li2CO3-Na2CO3-K2CO3）为反应介质，研究了温度（450 ~ 550℃）和进料比（CS:PE = 3:1 ~ 1:3）对玉米秸秆（CS）和聚乙烯（PE）塑料共热解产物的影响。熔融盐环境有利于CS和PE塑料的同步分解，有效抑制缩聚和焦化反应，同时促进官能团的加氢脱氧和C-O键的裂解。此外，碱金属阳离子提供的碱性位点催化挥发分的二次裂解和重整更完全，导致产气量增加，生物油和生物炭产量减少。同时，合成气中H2和CO组分富集，热解生物油中烃类含量增加，醇类、醛类、酮类等含氧化合物明显减少。此外，熔融盐的模板化和蚀刻作用改善了生物炭的结构有序性，降低了其O/C比，促进了生物炭从微孔结构向介孔结构的转变。值得注意的是，在550℃下，以1:1的掺合比例，CS与PE的协同作用最为明显，H2含量达到29.26 vol% (108.11 mL g−1)，生物油中烃类分数提高到62.52%。总体而言，熔融盐辅助共热解为从生物质和废塑料中定向生产富H2/ co合成气、低氧生物油和结构优化的生物炭提供了一种有前途的策略。

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引用次数: 0