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Currency Hegemony as a Tool of US Global Dominance 货币霸权是美国称霸全球的工具
Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.26794/2220-6469-2024-18-1-69-79
A. V. Kuznetsov
   Subject. The formation of new centers of global influence predetermines corresponding changes in the global balance of power. At the same time, the lack of real reforms of the global monetary system allows the United States to continue to set the rules of the game in the global economy, despite its increasing crisis potential. In this regard, there is a need to identify the driving forces capable of producing constructive changes in the global monetary order.   Objective. A summary of the practice of using the US dollar to suppress global competition and maintain American superiority in international economic relations.   Results. The control of the international monetary sphere by the country — hegemon of the world economy can be traced at all stages of the development of international economic relations (IER). Currently, the hegemonic country’s self-interest from issuing international liquidity, with non-resistance to such a policy on the part of all other IER participants, hinders the development of effective anti-crisis measures and worsens the general condition of the world economy. Scattered attempts to overcome the failures of global currency regulation at the local level (including through the use of digital technologies) seem to be ineffective, since they are not systemic in nature.   Conclusions. A qualitative reform of the global monetary system is impossible without combining the efforts of the world’s largest economies to counter the destructive policies of the country that issues key international liquidity. Otherwise, the costs of financial crises become an insurmountable obstacle to the global economy entering a path of sustainable development.
主题新的全球影响力中心的形成预先决定了全球力量平衡的相应变化。与此同时,由于全球货币体系缺乏真正的改革,美国得以继续制定全球经济的游戏规则,尽管其潜在危机日益严重。在这方面,有必要确定能够对全球货币秩序进行建设性变革的驱动力。 目标。总结利用美元压制全球竞争并维持美国在国际经济关系中的优势地位的做法。 结果。在国际经济关系(IER)发展的各个阶段都可以看到世界经济霸权国家对国际货币领域的控制。目前,霸权国家从发行国际流动性中谋取私利,而所有其他国际经济关系参与者都不抵制这种政策,这阻碍了有效反危机措施的制定,并使世界经济的总体状况恶化。在地方一级克服全球货币监管失败的零星尝试(包括通过使用数字技术)似乎是无效的,因为它们不具有系统性。 结论。如果不联合全球最大经济体的力量来对抗发行关键国际流动性的国家的破坏性政策,就不可能对全球货币体系进行质的改革。否则,金融危机的代价将成为全球经济走上可持续发展道路的不可逾越的障碍。
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引用次数: 0
Factors of Sustainable Development in the Formation of the Value of Manufacturing Companies 制造业企业价值形成中的可持续发展因素
Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.26794/2220-6469-2024-18-1-126-136
Yu. Yu. Savchenko
   The relevance of the research is justified by the need to search for new factors of business value formation, which are taken into account by stakeholders when making decisions.   The purpose of the article is to analyze the influence of S- and G- factors on the value formation of Russian public companies in the manufacturing sector and to substantiate the importance of disclosing the indicators of sustainable development of companies as a factor of business growth.   The study uses methods and tools of correlation, causal and comparative analysis. It was found that the position occupied in the RAEX ranking by S- and G- factors and the amount of capitalization are significantly correlated for companies in the extractive and manufacturing industries. There was found no statistically significant relationship between the considered indicators in relation to the companies of the agro-industrial complex. It is confirmed that the influence of sustainable development components on the formation of the companies’ value is different depending on their industry affiliation. The necessity to take into account ESG factors in the methods of comparative and income approaches is substantiated. The directions of ESG factors accounting in the methods of comparative and income approaches are highlighted.   The scientific novelty of the research is determined by the substantiation of the necessity of separate accounting of the sustainable development components in the formation and assessment of business value.   The practical significance of the study is that the results obtained by the author can be used by investors, owners and practicing appraisers in making managerial decisions and assessing and determining business value.
由于需要寻找企业价值形成的新因素(利益相关者在做出决策时会考虑到这些因素),因此这项研究具有现实意义。 文章旨在分析 S- 和 G- 因素对俄罗斯制造业上市公司价值形成的影响,并证明披露公司可持续发展指标作为企业增长因素的重要性。 研究采用了相关分析、因果分析和比较分析的方法和工具。研究发现,对于采掘业和制造业的公司而言,S 因素和 G 因素在 RAEX 排名中所占的位置与资本化金额存在显著相关性。在农工综合体公司方面,所考虑的指标之间没有统计学意义上的显著关系。事实证明,可持续发展要素对公司价值形成的影响因行业属性而异。在比较法和收益法中考虑环境、社会和治理因素的必要性得到了证实。强调了在比较法和收益法中考虑环境、社会和治理因素的方向。 研究的科学新颖性在于证实了在形成和评估商业价值时单独核算可持续发展要素的必要性。 该研究的实际意义在于,作者获得的结果可供投资者、所有者和执业评估师在做出管理决策以及评估和确定企业价值时使用。
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引用次数: 0
International Migration and Migration Policy Reforms 国际移民和移民政策改革
Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.26794/2220-6469-2024-18-1-80-92
A. A. Tkachenko
   The article examines the problems of regulating illegal migration by developed countries and the European Union, the achievements that cause not always correct criticism, and the possibilities of using the experience of a number of countries and new approaches in this regulation are shown. Particular attention is paid to international organizations dealing with the problems of international migration. It was concluded that there is no clear division of their functions by type of migration, which prevents the formation of long-term policies. Proposals were formulated to strengthen the role of the International Labour Organization (ILO) in rule-making and norm-setting on labor migration, which plays an increasingly important role in sustainable development. It was concluded that it is necessary to change the status of the migration conventions, otherwise effective regulation of labor migration is impossible. The countries of the Persian Gulf that attract external labor immigrants despite the rapid growth of the local population are highlighted. The difference in countries’ policies towards labor migration in the 21st century compared to the 20th century is shown. The concept of “fiduciary duty” of federal governments in relation to external migration was introduced.
文章探讨了发达国家和欧盟在管理非法移民方面存在的问题、所取得的成就(这些成就引起的批评并不总是正确的)、利用一些国家的经验和新方法进行管理的可能性。对处理国际移民问题的国际组织给予了特别关注。得出的结论是,这些组织的职能没有按移民类型明确划分,这妨碍了长期政策的制定。提出了加强国际劳工组织(ILO)在制定有关劳动力迁移的规则和准则方面的作用的建 议,因为劳动力迁移在可持续发展中发挥着越来越重要的作用。会议得出结论,必须改变移民公约的地位,否则不可能对劳动力迁移进行有效监管。重点介绍了波斯湾国家在当地人口快速增长的情况下仍吸引外部劳动力移民的情况。与 20 世纪相比,21 世纪各国在劳动力迁移政策方面的差异显而易见。提出了联邦政府对外来移民的 "信托责任 "概念。
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引用次数: 0
South Korea’s Experience in the Development of National Innovation System 韩国发展国家创新体系的经验
Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.26794/2220-6469-2024-18-1-93-103
I. G. Korotkov
   Introduction. The Republic of Korea nowadays is a leader of innovative development not only in Southeast Asia, but also at the global level. Since 1950’s thanks to the development of science, technology and innovation, one of the poorest agricultural countries has achieved unprecedented economic growth and became one of the leading advanced industrialised countries, which is popularly known as “Korea’s economic miracle.” One of the most important factors of rapid economic growth was the construction of an effective national innovation system (NIS).   The purpose of the article is to analyze the main stages in the formation of the Korean national innovation system (NIS), to identify its strengths and weak points.   Methods. The study used system analysis, structural-functional, historical and sociocultural approach.   Conclusions. The Republic of Korea managed to construct an effective national innovation system thanks to the deduced state policy in the field of science and technology, competent strategic planning, a systematic and integrated approach to the development of innovation, large-scale and continuous R&D financing and the development of innovation infrastructure.
导言。如今,大韩民国不仅在东南亚,而且在全球范围内都是创新发展的领导者。自 20 世纪 50 年代以来,得益于科学、技术和创新的发展,一个最贫穷的农业国实现了前所未有的经济增长,并成为领先的先进工业化国家之一,被人们称为 "韩国的经济奇迹"。经济快速增长的最重要因素之一是构建了有效的国家创新体系(NIS)。 本文旨在分析韩国国家创新体系(NIS)形成的主要阶段,找出其优势和弱点。 研究方法。研究采用了系统分析、结构-功能、历史和社会文化方法。 结论。大韩民国成功构建了一个有效的国家创新体系,这要归功于国家在科技领域的政策推导、得力的战略规划、系统和综合的创新发展方法、大规模和持续的研发融资以及创新基础设施的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Institutional Transformations of the SME Sector and the Need to Change the Priorities of Its State Support 中小型企业部门的体制转型和改变国家支持重点的必要性
Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.26794/2220-6469-2024-18-1-104-115
A. Blokhin, K. Glukhov
   The article compares the declared goals and the actual dynamics of the development of the sector of small and medium-sized enterprises in Russia. This sector receives quite significant government support but does not fully use it for its own purposes and development, transferring part of the income to larger companies. Large companies dominating SMEs receive institutional rents in this way, and the state, in fact, finances their development.   The relevance of the topic is determined by the need for structural and institutional restructuring of the Russian economy in the context of sanctions.   State policy should focus more clearly on identifying and overcoming barriers to the development of small, medium, and large businesses. Such barriers include the transition from a medium-sized business to a large one when the annual revenue reaches the threshold of 2 billion rubles.
文章对俄罗斯中小型企业部门的既定目标和实际发展动态进行了比较。该部门得到了政府的大量支持,但并没有完全用于自身的目的和发展,而是将部分收入转移给了大公司。在中小企业中占主导地位的大公司以这种方式获得体制租金,而国家实际上为其发展提供了资金。 制裁背景下俄罗斯经济结构和体制重组的必要性决定了本专题的现实意义。 国家政策应更明确地侧重于确定和克服阻碍大中小型企业发展的障碍。这些障碍包括年收入达到 20 亿卢布门槛时从中型企业向大型企业的过渡。
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引用次数: 0
Modeling the Management of Patent Activity of Economic Entities 经济实体专利活动管理建模
Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.26794/2220-6469-2024-18-1-116-125
A. V. Gulay, A. I. Gourko, T. A. Sakhnovich, S. V. Yudina
   Ratings of the inventive patent activity of researchers in the Republic of Belarus indicate the need to significantly increase the number of filed and registered patents in national and foreign authorities. In this regard, it is necessary to create mechanisms for managing the patent activity of business entities as the foundation for the innovative development of the country’s national economy. In this article, the authors identify specific steps to link the management of patent activity with the strategic goals of the entire economic entity. This allows you to experience real economic benefits and make the process of increasing patent activity economically justified. A strategic map for managing the patent activity of an economic entity is proposed as a model. Each goal is associated with indicators that measure the degree of its achievement and determine development prospects. The main stages of creating such a control system are considered.
对白俄罗斯共和国研究人员的专利创造性活动进行的评级表明,有必要大幅增加在国内和国外主管 机构申请和注册的专利数量。在这方面,有必要建立企业实体专利活动管理机制,作为国家国民经济创新发展的基础。在本文中,作者确定了将专利活动管理与整个经济实体的战略目标联系起来的具体步骤。这可以让你体验到真正的经济效益,并使增加专利活动的过程具有经济合理性。作者提出了一个管理经济实体专利活动的战略地图模型。每个目标都与衡量其实现程度和确定发展前景的指标相关联。本文考虑了建立这种控制系统的主要阶段。
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引用次数: 0
On the Issue of Coordinating the Objectives and Instruments of Financial and Monetary Policies 关于协调金融和货币政策目标与工具的问题
Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.26794/2220-6469-2024-18-1-6-17
A. G. Siluanov
   The relevance of the issue of mutual influence of the goals and instruments of financial and monetary policy increases during periods of economic instability. External and internal macroeconomic shocks can undermine the financial stability of the state and have a negative impact on both price and financial stability. In this regard, there is a need to adjust both financial and monetary policies based on harmonization of the instruments of financial and monetary regulation.   The purpose of this study is to develop the theoretical, methodological and applied foundations for coordinating the goals and instruments of monetary and financial policies.   The article concludes with the results obtained in the course of the research.
在经济不稳定时期,金融和货币政策的目标和手段相互影响的问题更加重要。外部和内部宏观经济冲击会破坏国家的金融稳定,并对价格和金融稳定产生负面影响。因此,有必要在统一金融和货币监管工具的基础上调整金融和货币政策。 本研究旨在为协调货币和金融政策的目标和工具奠定理论、方法和应用基础。 文章最后介绍了研究过程中取得的成果。
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引用次数: 0
Prospects for Sustainable Corporate Governance in Russia Based on Integrated Communications 基于综合传播的俄罗斯可持续公司治理展望
Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.26794/2220-6469-2024-18-1-45-57
A. Lopukhin, E. Plaksenkov, S. Silvestrov
   The article presents the author’s understanding of the terms “corporate governance”, “corporate management” and “communication management” in the context of the concept of sustainable development, the ESG agenda and sustainable corporate governance, as well as their relationship. The role of the stakeholder approach in bringing together the content of the concepts of “corporate governance” and “integrated communications” is shown. Some features of communications management in Russia, including in the context of ESG, are examined in detail.   The relevance of the study is due to the fact that many Russian companies and organizations are extremely slow to implement the principles and methods of integrated communications and sustainable corporate governance, although they determine the effectiveness of theiractivities.   The subject of the study is the system of sustainable corporate governance as part of the implementation of ESG principles in Russia.   The purpose of the article is to show Russian stakeholders the role of integrated communications in the development of sustainable corporate governance and ESG policies using research methods such as analysis of scientific papers on the research topic, comparison, generalization, systemic and logical analysis.   The scientific novelty of the publication is justified by the author’s interpretation of the variants of understanding the terms, for example, the authors of the article consider the organizational and/or functional division of communications into internal and external to be unproductive. In addition, in order to modernize the methodology for rating and auditing companies and organizations for compliance of their activities with ESG principles, the authors propose to increase the number of management criteria of block “G”, using metrics for assessing the effectiveness of integrated communications management, taken from the “corporate management” and “communications” systems management».   The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of its use in the development of integrated communications systems within the framework of sustainable corporate governance, as well as in the course of modernizing the methodology for rating and auditing ESG policies in Russian companies and organizations. A further direction of research may be related to the development of criteria and indicators of the quality of integrated communications systems and sustainable corporate governance, as well as consideration of the characteristics of Russian communications practices in the business environment.
文章介绍了作者在可持续发展概念、环境、社会和治理议程以及可持续公司治理的背景下对 "公司治理"、"公司管理 "和 "传播管理 "这三个术语的理解,以及它们之间的关系。利益相关者方法在将 "公司治理 "和 "综合传播 "这两个概念的内容结合起来方面所起的作用。详细研究了俄罗斯传播管理的一些特点,包括在环境、社会和公司治理背景下的传播管理。 本研究之所以具有现实意义,是因为许多俄罗斯公司和组织在实施综合传播和可持续公司治理的原则和方法方面进展极为缓慢,尽管这些原则和方法决定了其活动的有效性。 本研究的主题是作为俄罗斯实施环境、社会和公司治理原则一部分的可持续公司治理体系。 文章的目的是通过对研究课题的科学论文进行分析、比较、归纳、系统和逻辑分析等研究方法,向俄罗斯利益相关者展示综合传播在制定可持续公司治理和环境、社会和公司治理政策中的作用。 作者对术语理解变体的解释证明了该出版物的科学新颖性,例如,文章作者认为将传播分为内部和外部的组织和/或职能划分是无益的。此外,为了使对公司和组织的活动是否符合 ESG 原则进行评级和审计的方法现代化,作者建议增加 "G "块管理标准的数量,使用从 "企业管理 "和 "通信 "系统管理 "中提取的指标来评估综合通信管理的有效性。 这项工作的实际意义在于,它可以用于在可持续公司治理框架内开发综合通信系统,以及用于俄罗斯公司和组织的环境、社会和公司治理政策评级和审计方法的现代化过程。进一步的研究方向可能涉及制定综合传播系统和可持续公司治理质量的标准和指标,以及考虑俄罗斯商业环境中传播实践的特点。
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引用次数: 0
Career or Family: A Woman’s Difficult Choice (On the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2023) 事业还是家庭?一个女人的艰难抉择(关于 2023 年诺贝尔经济学奖)
Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.26794/2220-6469-2024-18-1-58-68
Y. Voronov
   This article presents the achievements of the 2023 Nobel laureate in economics, Harvard University professor Claudia Goldin. The obstacles to women’s employment related to the fact that the initially established structure of jobs was focused on male labor are considered. The “quiet revolution” discovered by the laureate and consisting of a sharp increase in the age of first marriages and a switch in women’s motivation from earnings to careers is analyzed. The importance of flexible working conditions when women choose a place of work and increasing women’s participation in the economy was highlighted. As an example of maximum effort and approach to working conditions convenient for women, the laureate cites the pharmaceutical sector, both industry and trade. The problems of the existence of a “natural level” of women’s participation in the economy are touched upon. Finally, the impact of the 2021–2022 pandemic on women’s choice between career and family is examined.
本文介绍了 2023 年诺贝尔经济学奖得主、哈佛大学教授克劳迪娅-戈尔丁(Claudia Goldin)的成就。文章探讨了女性就业所面临的障碍,这些障碍与最初建立的以男性劳动力为主的工作结构有关。她还分析了获奖者发现的 "静悄悄的革命",包括初婚年龄的急剧上升和女性动机从收入转向职业。强调了妇女选择工作地点时灵活工作条件的重要性,以及提高妇女参与经济的重要性。获奖者列举了制药行业(包括工业和贸易)在为妇女提供方便的工作条件方面所做的最大努力和所采取的方法。她还谈到了妇女参与经济的 "自然水平 "问题。最后,研究了 2021-2022 年大流行病对妇女在事业和家庭之间做出选择的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Prospects for the Implementation of National Projects of the Russian Federation for the Period 2025–2030, Taking into Account the New Model of Economic Development 考虑到新的经济发展模式,2025-2030 年期间俄罗斯联邦国家项目的实施前景
Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.26794/2220-6469-2024-18-1-18-26
A. P. Prokhorov
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引用次数: 0
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The world of new economy
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