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Process approach to the analysis of Management efficiency at Transport enterprises 运输企业管理效率分析的过程方法
Pub Date : 2023-07-21 DOI: 10.26794/2220-6469-2023-17-2-83-93
D. Berzin, A. Kochetkov
The article discusses theoretical and practical issues of the effectiveness of process management at transport sector enterprises in the Russian Federation. The comparative characteristics of management functions and business process functions are given, the importance of implementing individual business processes and subprocesses and their impact on management efficiency is emphasized.The purpose of the study is to expand the methodological tools that make it possible to form the most optimal model of business processes, which allows to increase the overall efficiency of management, to explore process-oriented management tools and their role in a dynamically changing market environment, as well as to outline a number of planning and preventive measures. The objectives of the study are to describe the methods of implementing the process approach at the enterprises of the transport sector, which contributes to improving the effectiveness of management in general.The methodological basis of the research is the concepts of management theory, the theory of evolutionary economics. The article used an instrumental and methodological apparatus based on synthesis and analysis, management engineering, classification and identification. The author presents a developed toolkit that allows you to determine the most optimal set of business processes at enterprises in the transport sector in order to increase efficiency.The practical significance of the study lies in the presented typology of business processes for enterprises of the transport sector, which allows to significantly reduce the costs of the management apparatus, as well as indirectly prevent the occurrence of damage. In addition, the authors have clarified the concept of the process approach in relation to the functioning of transport firms and companies.
本文讨论了俄罗斯联邦运输部门企业过程管理有效性的理论和实践问题。给出了管理功能和业务流程功能的比较特点,强调了实现单个业务流程和子流程的重要性及其对管理效率的影响。本研究的目的是扩展方法论工具,使之有可能形成最优的业务流程模型,从而提高管理的整体效率,探索面向流程的管理工具及其在动态变化的市场环境中的作用,以及概述一些规划和预防措施。这项研究的目的是描述在运输部门的企业中实施过程方法的方法,这有助于提高一般管理的效率。本研究的方法论基础是管理理论的概念,即进化经济学理论。本文采用了综合分析、管理工程、分类鉴定为基础的仪器方法。作者提出了一个开发工具包,允许您确定运输部门企业的最优业务流程集,以提高效率。该研究的实际意义在于提出了运输部门企业业务流程的类型,这可以大大降低管理设备的成本,并间接防止损害的发生。此外,作者还澄清了与运输公司和公司的运作有关的过程方法的概念。
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引用次数: 0
Reassessment of the role and functions of the Russian financial market in the context of structural transformation of the economy 在经济结构转型的背景下重新评估俄罗斯金融市场的作用和功能
Pub Date : 2023-05-18 DOI: 10.26794/2220-6469-2023-17-1-83-93
M. Dorofeev
A well-developed financial market has a central role in the savings management and investments in the economy and accelerates the economic growth. Geopolitical events in Ukraine, in which Russia got involved in February of 2022, fundamentally changed Russia’s foreign trade policy in terms of export-import payments. A large number of external and internal restrictions left a considerable impact on the effectiveness of the previous model of the Russian financial market. Today our country faces the need to carry out radical structural changes in its economy. Due to this fact there is an evident increase in the importance of the problems identification in the Russian financial market as well as in the development of optimal solutions of the issue. The purpose of this article is to assess the role and dynamics of the financial market’s development before and after the February events of 2022. Moreover, the article makes an emphasis on the change in the functions performance quality of the financial market.
发达的金融市场在国民经济的储蓄管理和投资中起着中心作用,促进经济增长。俄罗斯于2022年2月卷入乌克兰的地缘政治事件,从根本上改变了俄罗斯在进出口支付方面的外贸政策。大量的外部和内部限制对俄罗斯金融市场先前模式的有效性造成了相当大的影响。今天,我国面临着对其经济进行根本结构改革的需要。由于这一事实,在俄罗斯金融市场中识别问题以及制定问题的最佳解决方案的重要性明显增加。本文的目的是评估2022年2月事件前后金融市场发展的作用和动态。此外,本文还着重分析了金融市场功能运行质量的变化。
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引用次数: 0
Theory and practice of overcoming an economic crisis (on the Nobel Prize in economics in 2022) 克服经济危机的理论与实践(论2022年诺贝尔经济学奖)
Pub Date : 2023-05-18 DOI: 10.26794/2220-6469-2023-17-1-56-67
Y. Voronov
The article analyzes the Nobel Prize winners in economics of the 2022’s research results. The author explains the meaning of the terms which are necessary for the analysis: money multiplier, liquidity, mortgage, mortgage bonds. In addition, the psychological factor in the formation of critical situations in the banking sector is considered the way it was interpreted by the winners. The article analyzes the reasons which led to the lower position of the USSR’s and modern Russia’s money multiplier compared to the position of the multiplier of the countries with developed market economies including, first of all, the USA. The paper also discusses the role which the “real bills doctrine” played in the activity of the US Federal Reserve System and Ben Bernank personally. Ben Bernank’s cautious line of behavior during the overcoming the 2008 crisis is described. The model of liquidity dynamics which belongs to the laureates and that is vividly discussed in the scientific community is considered in detail.
本文分析了2022年诺贝尔经济学奖得主的研究成果。作者解释了分析中必要的术语:货币乘数、流动性、抵押贷款、抵押债券的含义。此外,在银行业危急情况形成的心理因素被认为是赢家解释的方式。文章分析了导致苏联和现代俄罗斯货币乘数地位低于包括美国在内的发达市场经济国家货币乘数地位的原因。本文还讨论了“实物票据主义”在美联储和伯南克个人的活动中所起的作用。本·伯南克在克服2008年金融危机期间的谨慎行为。详细考虑了在科学界讨论得非常活跃的属于获奖者的流动性动力学模型。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of the volatility of cash flows in the field of labor relations for monitoring the sustainability of the Russian economy 分析劳动关系领域现金流的波动性,以监测俄罗斯经济的可持续性
Pub Date : 2023-05-18 DOI: 10.26794/2220-6469-2023-17-1-94-102
A. Larionov, G. L. Podvoysky
The aim of this research paper is to assess the applicability of the payment system data provided by the Bank of Russia for a prompt monitoring of the labor relations situation. Considering the growth of precarization, the change in the dynamics of labor relations is considered in the article as an operational indicator of the onset of potential economic crises. Taking the Bank of Russia payment system data as a basis, it is possible to use the volatility of cash flows information in the field of labor relations to determine the state of the economy. A methodological approach to determining critical values of this indicator by applying the three-sigma rule is also given in the article. In addition, the research paper investigates the relationship between the emergence of non-standard practices of interaction between economic actors in the labor market and values of the cash flow in the field of labor relations.
本研究论文的目的是评估俄罗斯银行提供的支付系统数据的适用性,以便及时监测劳动关系状况。考虑到不稳定现象的增长,劳动关系动态的变化在文章中被认为是潜在经济危机爆发的一个操作指标。以俄罗斯银行支付系统数据为基础,可以利用劳动关系领域现金流信息的波动性来判断经济状况。通过应用三西格玛规则来确定该指标的临界值的方法学方法也在文章中给出。此外,研究论文还探讨了劳动力市场中经济行为者之间互动的非标准实践的出现与劳动关系领域中现金流价值之间的关系。
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引用次数: 1
Analysis of competition and dominance level on the passenger car market of Republic of Korea 韩国乘用车市场竞争与优势水平分析
Pub Date : 2023-05-18 DOI: 10.26794/2220-6469-2023-17-1-12-30
O. Kudryavtseva, P. S. Abramova, N. Markov
The article is devoted to the analysis of statistical data provided by the Committee of Automakers of the Association of European Businesses (AEB) on the volume of sales of passenger cars of various brands on the market of the Republic of Korea from 2010 to 2021. The article describes the history and current trends of the market in question. Moreover, the authors summarize previously conducted research on this topic, providing a list of relevant studies. By using the competitive analysis tool — SV matrix, the study aims to provide information of scientific importance on the subject of competitive environment within the market under consideration, as well as to identify leading companies. An interpretation based on the results of the study is presented as well. It includes an explanation of the dynamics in the market, including changes in the market share of companies within the selected time period, a description of the specificities of the modern market leaders development and the reasons for the existing competitive environment. The conclusion is made about the relative stability of the South Korean automobile market, which has a national manufacturer and retailer as a market leader throughout the analyzed period. Moreover, quite a reasonable assumption is made about the relevance of the development pattern of the South Korean automobile market for the corresponding market of the Russian Federation.
这篇文章分析了欧洲企业协会(AEB)汽车制造商委员会提供的2010年至2021年韩国市场上各种品牌乘用车销量的统计数据。这篇文章描述了有关市场的历史和当前趋势。此外,作者总结了前人对这一主题的研究,并提供了相关研究的列表。通过使用竞争分析工具- SV矩阵,该研究旨在提供有关市场竞争环境主题的科学重要性信息,并确定领先公司。并根据研究结果提出了一种解释。它包括对市场动态的解释,包括在所选时间段内公司市场份额的变化,对现代市场领导者发展的特殊性的描述以及现有竞争环境的原因。结论是关于韩国汽车市场的相对稳定性,在整个分析期间,韩国有一个全国性的制造商和零售商作为市场领导者。此外,对韩国汽车市场的发展模式与俄罗斯联邦相应市场的相关性做出了相当合理的假设。
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引用次数: 1
Simulation of interest coordination of economic subjects in housing construction 住房建设经济主体利益协调模拟
Pub Date : 2023-05-18 DOI: 10.26794/2220-6469-2023-17-1-103-116
N. Shelomentseva, O. Grushina, T. A. Krasnoshtanova
In the present paper, the consequences of the introduction of project financing against the backdrop of crises in 2020 and 2022 are analyzed. The subject interactions in the course of housing construction under the conditions of project financing are considered. A multi-criteria economic-mathematical model for the interest coordination of economic subjects in housing construction has been proposed. The model permits to understand and evaluate the economic consequences of choosing the possible options from the standpoint of each of the economic subjectss. The numerical calculations of choosing two (in pairs), and all three (developer, bank and consumer) economic subjects were performed using the proposed multi-criteria model with the stated limitations. The MATLAB software was employed to solve optimization problems and plotting. The solutions acceptable to the subjects were chosen from a set of Pareto-optimal alternatives. Despite the fact that all subjects of housing construction are involved in the interaction, this interaction does not occur simultaneously, but in a complex subordinate manner: the bank took the dictating position in project financing, and the consumer pays for everything. The state should play a role of the subject, which should coordinate the interests of the developer, the bank and the population. The task of the state is to create such conditions in the housing construction market so that economic subjects are interested in coordination of their interests to find a compromise. This opens routes for further research.
本文分析了在2020年和2022年危机背景下引入项目融资的后果。考虑了项目融资条件下住房建设过程中主体间的相互作用。提出了住房建设经济主体利益协调的多准则经济数学模型。该模型允许从每个经济主体的角度理解和评估选择可能选项的经济后果。选择两个(成对)和所有三个(开发商,银行和消费者)经济主体的数值计算是使用提出的多标准模型进行的,并具有所述的局限性。利用MATLAB软件对优化问题进行求解和绘图。受试者可接受的解决方案是从一组帕累托最优方案中选择的。尽管住房建设的所有主体都参与了互动,但这种互动并不是同时发生的,而是以一种复杂的从属方式发生的:银行在项目融资中占据支配地位,消费者为一切买单。国家应该发挥主体作用,协调开发商、银行和民众的利益。国家的任务就是在住房建设市场上创造这样的条件,使各经济主体在利益协调中找到一个妥协点。这为进一步的研究开辟了道路。
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引用次数: 0
Change of the economic model of Russia’s development as a response to the new geo-economic reality
Pub Date : 2023-05-18 DOI: 10.26794/2220-6469-2023-17-1-45-55
V. Filatov, S. A. Pobyvaev
The sanctions war against Russia unleashed by Western countries led by the United States forms a new geopolitical reality for the country. In fact, an economic war has been declared against Russia, the main instruments of which are the country’s cut off from the global financial system, the closure of the most important markets for the Russian main export products and the embargo on the machinery and equipment import to the country, which is essential for various sectors of the Russian economy. The sanctions imposed on the country pose both short-term and long-term threats. The first ones are associated with the degradation of the current economic situation, but can be overcome within a few years. The other ones may have delayed but deeper negative consequences for the economy, as they are aimed at undermining its technological competitiveness and investment process, thus increasing the threat of the prolonged stagnation of the national economy. Overcoming such threats takes a long time and transformation of the country’s export-oriented raw material model of the economy based on the activation of structural, scientific, technological and investment policy. The article discusses possible approaches to the implementation of such a transition.
以美国为首的西方国家发起的对俄制裁战,形成了俄罗斯新的地缘政治现实。事实上,一场针对俄罗斯的经济战已经打响,其主要手段是切断俄罗斯与全球金融体系的联系,关闭俄罗斯主要出口产品的最重要市场,禁止向俄罗斯进口对俄罗斯经济各个部门都至关重要的机器和设备。对该国实施的制裁既有短期威胁,也有长期威胁。第一个问题与当前经济形势的恶化有关,但可以在几年内克服。其他措施可能对经济造成较迟但较深的负面影响,因为它们的目的是破坏其技术竞争力和投资进程,从而增加国民经济长期停滞的威胁。克服这些威胁需要很长时间,需要在结构、科技和投资政策的激活基础上,转变国家以原材料出口为导向的经济模式。本文讨论了实现这种转变的可能方法。
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引用次数: 0
Сhange in the management system and formation of the Russian wartime mobilization economy model during the First world war Сhange在第一次世界大战期间俄国战时动员经济模式的管理制度和形成
Pub Date : 2023-05-18 DOI: 10.26794/2220-6469-2023-17-1-31-44
I. Shapkin
The problem of the economic transformation has always been one of the main issues for the economists of all times. Nowadays it gains particular relevancy. The first experience of transforming the peacetime market economy into the economy based on the wartime mobilization principles was acquired by Russia during the First World War, which is considered the first total war in history. To provide the army with all the necessary weapon, ammunition and food a concentration of all the powers, resources and assets was needed. To win it was necessary to change the system of the governmental administration by filling it with new content. The article highlights the main stages of the new management structure formation, which could face the challenges of that time; a characteristic of the new administrative bodies is given as well as the general range of problems which the government faced while reforming the administration system.
经济转型问题一直是困扰经济学家的主要问题之一。如今,它显得尤为重要。将和平时期的市场经济转变为以战时动员原则为基础的经济的第一次经验是俄罗斯在第一次世界大战期间获得的,这被认为是历史上第一次全面战争。为了给军队提供所有必要的武器、弹药和食物,需要集中所有的力量、资源和资产。为了赢得胜利,必须改变政府管理制度,为其注入新的内容。文章重点介绍了新管理结构形成的主要阶段,以及新管理结构可能面临的挑战;给出了新行政主体的特点,以及政府在行政体制改革中面临的一般问题。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing the impact of pension institutions on the development of global finance 评估养老机构对全球金融发展的影响
Pub Date : 2023-05-18 DOI: 10.26794/2220-6469-2023-17-1-68-82
T. Zhukova
The novelty of the research lies in the conception of pension institutions as correctors of global financial development. These institutes do not only stimulate, but also slow down the positive change due to the particular assets allocation by largest pools, which are in fact represent a concentration of risks. This issue has not been taken under any comprehensive consideration at the global level yet. Thus, the aim of the research is to assess the pension institutions impact on long-term global financial development. The research concerns various problems: from specifying the position of pension institutions within the global finance hierarchy and “clusters of influence” allocation to empiric assessment of their impact on multiple indicators of global financial development; conclusions and prospects are formulated in the article as well. The article shows that pension institutions are the largest global investors with the core of the USA pension funds’ assets concentrated in the domestic stock market. The paper outlines the ways of the slowdown in the global financial development through to the pension funds in case of market and country risk realization.
本研究的新颖之处在于将养老机构作为全球金融发展的校正者的概念。这些机构不仅刺激,而且减缓了正变化,因为最大的资产池的特定资产配置实际上代表了风险的集中。这一问题尚未在全球一级得到全面审议。因此,本研究的目的是评估养老机构对全球金融长期发展的影响。研究涉及的问题包括:从确定养老机构在全球金融体系中的地位和“影响力集群”的配置,到实证评估养老机构对全球金融发展多个指标的影响;并对本文的研究结果进行了总结和展望。文章表明,养老机构是全球最大的投资者,美国养老基金的核心资产集中在国内股票市场。本文概述了在市场和国家风险实现的情况下,全球金融发展放缓对养老基金的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Traditional and new methods of pension authentication in China: Reasons, methods and problems 中国养老金认证的传统与新方法:原因、方法与问题
Pub Date : 2023-05-17 DOI: 10.26794/2220-6469-2023-17-1-6-11
Zh. Liu, V. Isaev
The article discusses the topic of the digitalization of the pension systems in the People’s Republic of China, the spread of the new social authentication methods and the new pension payment confirmation system in the country. The population ageing problem is forcing the government of the People’s Republic of China to develop new methods of social support for the retired citizens. The article deals with the problems of pension payment confirmation for the Chinese, who are currently abroad, as well as the methods of solving the issue. Special attention is paid to the problem of pension authentication through overseas Chinese multifunctional centers (MFC). The article studies the main positive and negative aspects of “traditional” and “new” methods of pension authentication.
本文讨论了我国养老保险制度的数字化、新型社会认证方式和新型养老金支付确认系统在全国的推广。人口老龄化问题迫使中华人民共和国政府开发新的退休公民社会支持方法。本文论述了目前在国外的中国公民的养老金支付确认问题,以及解决问题的方法。特别关注了通过华侨多功能中心(MFC)进行养老金认证的问题。本文研究了“传统”和“新”养老金认证方法的主要优点和缺点。
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引用次数: 0
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The world of new economy
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