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The eurasian economic union: Today and Tomorrow 欧亚经济联盟:今天与明天
Pub Date : 2022-10-12 DOI: 10.26794/2220-6469-2022-16-3-20-36
M. Myasnikovich
The Eurasian Economic Union States should strengthen their sovereignty within the EAEU through the complementary specialization of economies, cooperative ties in knowledge-intensive industries and economic sectors around the entire economic cycle. However, the Eurasian integration needs a new impetus. The period having passed since the EAEU creation imposed a necessity to qualitatively revise what has been done, to frankly state that a whole range of the Treaty’s provisions was not fulfilled as well as to formulate and propose specific mechanisms for further implementation of its provisions, to outline new integration horizons, to adopt appropriate decisions and to start acting. The article provides an idea of where the Eurasian integration is currently moving. It offers an overview of the Strategic Directions for Developing the Eurasian Economic Integration until 2025, the document that embodies the transition from the shaping stage (2015–2019) to the project integration stage (2020–2025). The new stage’s essence is about ensuring conditions for the specific joint economic projects at both interstate and individual economic entity level. The article mentions what has already been accomplished in this direction and what lies ahead. It reflects the integration’s impact on the participating countries’ economies: both existing and forecast one. Furthermore, it touches upon the issue of dedollarizing the Union countries’ mutual trade, digitalization, the EAEU international cooperation as well as global economic risks and ways to overcome those through integration cooperation. In conclusion, the article proposes new principles of the integration association’s work.
欧亚经济联盟成员国应通过在整个经济周期内的经济互补专业化、知识密集型产业和经济部门的合作联系,加强它们在欧亚经济联盟内的主权。但是,欧亚一体化需要新的动力。自从欧亚经济联盟成立以来已经过去了一段时间,因此有必要从质量上修订所做的工作,坦率地说,《条约》的所有规定都没有得到履行,并制定和提出进一步执行其规定的具体机制,概述新的一体化范围,通过适当的决定并开始采取行动。这篇文章提供了欧亚一体化目前的发展方向。报告概述了《至2025年欧亚经济一体化发展战略方向》,该文件体现了从成形阶段(2015-2019年)向项目整合阶段(2020-2025年)的过渡。新阶段的实质是确保州际和个体经济实体层面的具体联合经济项目的条件。这篇文章提到了在这个方向上已经取得的成就和未来的道路。它反映了一体化对参与国经济的影响:既有现有的影响,也有未来的影响。此外,本文还探讨了联盟国家间相互贸易的去美元化、数字化、欧亚经济联盟的国际合作以及全球经济风险以及如何通过一体化合作来克服这些风险。最后,提出了整合协会工作的新原则。
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引用次数: 0
Measures of State Support for the Aviation Industry and the Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic on the Global air Transportation Market 国家对航空业的支持措施以及冠状病毒大流行对全球航空运输市场的影响
Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.26794/2220-6469-2022-16-2-103-110
D. Z. Nikolishvili
This article analyses the international air transportation market, assessing the impact of coronavirus and government support measures. Air transport is now extremely important for the successful functioning of the global economy, its further harmonious development, and the maintenance of sustainable economic growth; allows for the mobile high-speed movement of people and goods between different continents, contributing to the development of world trade and the international tourism industry. Given that sales of high-tech goods depend on a well-functioning air transport system, there is currently no alternative to air transport for the transport of perishable goods. The current trend in the development of air transportation is focused on the growth in demand for international air transportation, the annual improvement of its infrastructure and the legislative framework in this area in the world and in individual countries. Consumers prefer air transportation to another mode of transport, which is justified by the reduction in the time of delivery of goods to anywhere in the world.
本文分析了国际航空运输市场,评估了冠状病毒和政府支持措施的影响。航空运输现在对全球经济的成功运作、进一步的和谐发展和维持可持续的经济增长极为重要;允许人员和货物在不同大陆之间的高速移动,促进世界贸易和国际旅游业的发展。鉴于高科技产品的销售依赖于运作良好的航空运输系统,目前易腐货物的运输除了航空运输之外别无选择。目前航空运输发展的趋势集中在国际航空运输需求的增长,其基础设施的年度改进以及世界和各国在这一领域的立法框架。消费者更喜欢航空运输而不是其他运输方式,这是合理的,因为减少了将货物运送到世界任何地方的时间。
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引用次数: 1
The Evolution of Economic Relations Between the USA and Canada: The Interdependence of the Two Economies 美国与加拿大经济关系的演变:两国经济的相互依存
Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.26794/2220-6469-2022-16-2-43-50
A. D. Filina, G. Tretyakova
The paper presents the results of the study of the evolution of economic relations between the United States and Canada, since 1989. The agreements regulating the economic relations of these countries among themselves and with other trading partners. An economic and statistical study of Canada’s exports to Latin America and the Caribbean and imports from them was carried out. Both Canada and the United States have become leaders in creating an open and free space based on the principles of multilateral trade. The main characteristics of the free trade zone are mutual concessions in terms of access to markets for services and goods; discipline in terms of trade restrictions; the use of dispute settlement mechanisms. Nevertheless, some researchers question the effectiveness of this trading system. US President Joe Biden promises to take measures to intensify bilateral cooperation, but Canadians are concerned about his decision to cancel the Keystone XL pipeline project. The commitment of the American president to the policy of “buying American” also causes some unrest. The above determines the relevance of considering the issue related to economic cooperation between the United States and Canada in modern conditions. The following research methods were used in the work: the normative method and the method of political analysis.
本文介绍了1989年以来美国和加拿大经济关系演变的研究结果。规范这些国家之间以及与其他贸易伙伴之间经济关系的协定。对加拿大对拉丁美洲和加勒比的出口和从拉丁美洲和加勒比的进口进行了经济和统计研究。加拿大和美国都已成为在多边贸易原则基础上创造开放和自由空间的领导者。自由贸易区的主要特点是在服务和货物进入市场方面相互让步;贸易限制方面的纪律;使用争端解决机制。然而,一些研究人员质疑这一交易体系的有效性。美国总统乔·拜登承诺采取措施加强双边合作,但加拿大人对他取消Keystone XL管道项目的决定表示担忧。美国总统对“购买美国货”政策的承诺也引发了一些动荡。以上决定了在现代条件下考虑美国和加拿大之间经济合作相关问题的相关性。本研究主要采用了规范性研究方法和政治分析方法。
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引用次数: 0
Ecological Public Policy of Russia and Latin America (On the Example of Ecuador, Mexico, Brazil) 俄罗斯与拉丁美洲的生态公共政策(以厄瓜多尔、墨西哥、巴西为例)
Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.26794/2220-6469-2022-16-2-30-42
V. Yakunin, T. Y. Rusakova
The article describes the main characteristics of the state environmental policy and their impact on political processes in Russia and a few Latin American countries. Through the prism of comparative analysis, the relationship between a person and his environment is considered through the mediation of ideological constructions and power relations, which help to display the existing contradictions between the culture and the natural environment of the countries in question. Thus, the author identified and analysed in this paper, for each of the countries their specific “development pattern” and presented possible scenarios in the field of environmental policy.
本文描述了国家环境政策的主要特点及其对俄罗斯和一些拉美国家政治进程的影响。通过比较分析的棱镜,通过意识形态建构和权力关系的中介来考虑人与环境的关系,这有助于展示所涉国家文化与自然环境之间存在的矛盾。因此,作者在本文中确定和分析了每个国家的具体“发展模式”,并提出了环境政策领域的可能情况。
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引用次数: 0
Changing the Banking Model of Service for Corporate Clients 改变银行为企业客户服务的模式
Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.26794/2220-6469-2022-16-2-89-102
V. Smirnov
The author examines the peculiarities of the work of banks, the regulatory and competitive pressure on which has increased significantly in the last 10 years, which negatively affects the profitability of their activities. The purpose of the study is to find the optimal model for the interaction of universal banks with corporate clients, which provide most of their income and profits. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the scientific work of foreign scientists and experts on improving the efficiency of banks’ work with corporate clients. Methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis of scientific publications, analytical materials of well-known consulting organizations, and statistical data were used. As a result of the study, the author concludes that in a significantly more complicated and unstable macroeconomic environment, it is expedient and beneficial for banks and companies to reconsider the nature of cooperation and proposes a new model for servicing corporate clients by banks, in which each party will deepen its specialization.
作者考察了银行工作的特殊性,监管和竞争压力在过去10年中显着增加,这对其活动的盈利能力产生了负面影响。本研究的目的是寻找全能银行与企业客户互动的最优模式,企业客户为全能银行提供了大部分的收入和利润。本研究的理论和方法基础是国外科学家和专家关于提高银行与企业客户合作效率的科学工作。采用科学出版物、知名咨询机构分析资料和统计数据的定性和定量分析方法。通过研究得出结论,在一个明显更加复杂和不稳定的宏观经济环境下,银行和企业重新考虑合作的性质是一种权宜之计和有益的,并提出了一种银行为企业客户服务的新模式,在这种模式下,各方都将深化专业化。
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引用次数: 0
Premium Car Brands Strategies and Regulator’s Actions in Russia (2009–2021) 高档汽车品牌在俄罗斯的战略与监管行动(2009-2021)
Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.26794/2220-6469-2022-16-2-64-75
V. Vertogradov, S. Shchelokova
This article analyses the premium segment of the Russian automotive market from 2009 to 2021 based on data from the Association of European Businesses. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of trends in the Russian automotive market with trends in its premium segment and found significant differences in the market cycles. The analysis of the main periods of the studied market was based on the SV matrix (strength/variety). The article also discusses the main external and internal factors that influenced the competition level in the periods under review. As the main conclusion of the study, it was noted that while in the mass segment of cars, the strength of companies and dominant groups is highly dependent on external factors, then in the premium segment the main driving forces for changing the market situation are the actions of the companies themselves, their competitive strategy, as well as adaptation to current market trends. The article also provides comments on the impact of economic events from February 24, 2022 on the market situation.
本文基于欧洲商业协会的数据,分析了2009年至2021年俄罗斯汽车市场的高端细分市场。作者对俄罗斯汽车市场的趋势与其高端市场的趋势进行了比较分析,发现市场周期存在显著差异。研究市场的主要时期的分析是基于SV矩阵(强度/品种)。文章还讨论了在回顾期内影响竞争水平的主要外部因素和内部因素。作为研究的主要结论,有人指出,而在汽车的大众细分市场,公司和主导集团的实力是高度依赖于外部因素,然后在高端细分市场的主要驱动力改变市场形势是公司自己的行动,他们的竞争战略,以及适应当前的市场趋势。文章还对2022年2月24日起的经济事件对市场形势的影响进行了评论。
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引用次数: 6
Digital Banking: Modern Finance Paradigm Shifting 数字银行:现代金融范式的转变
Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.26794/2220-6469-2022-16-2-51-63
I. Zaripov
The article presents author’s view on the current problems facing the banking system of the Russian Federation as part of the transition to digital banking services, especially aggravated due to the massive using of remote channels of interaction caused by the restrictions of the pandemic period. The author analyses the current problems of financial sector due to increased criminal cyber attacks and offers his recommendations to counter these crimes. There is evidence of the needs to revise the concepts and strategies of the development of banks in connection with digitalization, to improve approaches to information security. Finally, the author concluded that a key element in the process of digitalization of banking activities is information security, and the soundness of banking institutions can be ensured only by the joint efforts of the state, banks, and their customers.
本文介绍了作者对俄罗斯联邦银行系统目前面临的问题的看法,这些问题是向数字银行服务过渡的一部分,特别是由于疫情期间限制大量使用远程互动渠道而加剧的问题。作者分析了由于犯罪网络攻击增加而导致的金融部门当前的问题,并提出了应对这些犯罪的建议。有证据表明,有必要修改与数字化相关的银行发展概念和战略,以改进信息安全方法。最后,笔者得出结论,银行活动数字化过程中的一个关键因素是信息安全,只有通过国家、银行和客户的共同努力,才能确保银行机构的健全。
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引用次数: 0
Energetics of Arab Countries in the Light of the Green Economy Challenges 绿色经济挑战下的阿拉伯国家能源学
Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.26794/2220-6469-2022-16-2-19-29
V. Isaev, A. Filonik
Renewable/alternative energy sources (RES), which are often referred to as “green energy” and are intended to create a new generation base, are now the object of close attention in almost all countries of the world. The growing effect of the use of these sources is noted in Europe, the USA, China, India and in a few other countries, but with varying degrees of success. The Arab region does not remain aloof from this direction, although, for obvious reasons, it is more committed to hydrocarbons and conventional energy than others. But persistent conservatism in relation to fossil fuels is inherent not only in Arab society. Even countries that do not have vast oil and gas fields find it difficult to part with traditional energy sources. And yet, the Arab world receives a very serious competitor in the form of green energy, which in the future will have to win back its niche in electricity generation in the Arab part of the international economic space in a rather tough confrontation. Against this background, the alleged rivalry in the Arab region still looks more nominative than real and does not cause much concern in the Arab East, which is now experiencing much more complex political and socio-economic problems.
可再生/替代能源通常被称为“绿色能源”,旨在建立新一代基础,现在几乎是世界所有国家密切关注的对象。在欧洲、美国、中国、印度和其他一些国家,注意到使用这些资源的影响越来越大,但取得了不同程度的成功。阿拉伯地区并没有远离这一方向,尽管由于显而易见的原因,它比其他地区更倾向于碳氢化合物和传统能源。但在化石燃料问题上的顽固保守主义不仅存在于阿拉伯社会。即使是那些没有大量油气田的国家也很难放弃传统能源。然而,阿拉伯世界在绿色能源领域迎来了一个非常强大的竞争对手。未来,在一场相当艰难的对抗中,绿色能源将不得不在国际经济空间的阿拉伯部分赢回其在发电领域的地位。在这种背景下,所谓的阿拉伯区域的竞争看起来仍然是名义上的,而不是实际的,并没有引起阿拉伯东方的太多关注,该地区现在正经历着复杂得多的政治和社会经济问题。
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引用次数: 0
Air Quality as a Priority Issue for the New Economy 空气质素是新经济的首要课题
Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.26794/2220-6469-2022-16-2-76-88
S. Bobylev, S. Solovyeva, M. Astapkovich
The article talks about the problem of air pollution. In the world, its economic, social, and environmental aspects are receiving increased attention. This trend is clearly visible in the example of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), adopted by all countries of the world in 2015 with a horizon of implementation up to 2030. A significant part of the SDGs is directly or indirectly related to combating air pollution, which will improve the health of the population and life cities, mitigate climate problems, create a new energy sector, implement new technologies, etc. Here we can mention SDG 3 (health), SDG 7 (energy), SDG 8 (economic growth), SDG 9 (industrialization and innovation), SDG 11 (sustainable cities), SDG 13 (climate), SDG 15 (terrestrial ecosystems). In fact, we can talk about the formed “air” priorities in the transition to new economic models, primarily green and low-carbon ones.
这篇文章讨论了空气污染问题。在世界范围内,其经济、社会和环境方面正受到越来越多的关注。这一趋势在联合国可持续发展目标(sdg)的例子中清晰可见。2015年,世界各国通过了可持续发展目标,并计划到2030年实施。可持续发展目标的很大一部分直接或间接与防治空气污染有关,这将改善人口健康和生活城市,缓解气候问题,创造新的能源部门,实施新技术等。在这里,我们可以提到可持续发展目标3(健康)、可持续发展目标7(能源)、可持续发展目标8(经济增长)、可持续发展目标9(工业化和创新)、可持续发展目标11(可持续城市)、可持续发展目标13(气候)、可持续发展目标15(陆地生态系统)。事实上,我们可以谈论在向新经济模式转型中形成的“空气”优先事项,主要是绿色和低碳经济模式。
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引用次数: 2
Digital Government as Exponential Organization: New Technologies of Communication 作为指数组织的数字政府:新传播技术
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.26794/2220-6469-2022-16-2-6-18
D. Mukhametov
The article explores the exponential transformation of the digital government. Exponential organizations are the common model of management that characterized by the use of the informatized environment, third-party resources and digital platforms to scale processes and create new markets. The digital government is a complex of institutions for structuring social relations and conflicts in a network environment. The coupling of exponential organization and digital government models is realized through the focus on technologies of communication that allow the exchange and integration of surrounding knowledge into the system of management. The article presents the typology of technologies of communication with external and internal communities depending on the type of environment (internal/external) and options of access (inclusive/exclusive). The typology systematizes technologies of communication and demonstrates its capabilities for solving various tasks, including involving new agents in the field of public policy, organizing access to institutions, creating/extracting value, reducing the cost of information exchange between management structures. Technologies of communication allow the government to move to the policy of identifying and interacting with the diversity of the environment. The effects of the introduction of these technologies are evaluated on the example of Estonia. In conclusion, it is possible to consider the digital government as the exponential organization due to the information connectivity of the system, but it is difficult to unambiguously conclude the explosive growth of the value creation/extraction due to the functioning of the state as a non-equilibrium adaptive system.
本文探讨了数字政府的指数转型。指数型组织是一种常见的管理模式,其特点是利用信息化环境、第三方资源和数字平台来扩展流程和创造新市场。数字政府是网络环境下构建社会关系和冲突的制度综合体。指数组织和数字政府模型的耦合是通过关注通信技术来实现的,通信技术允许将周围的知识交换和集成到管理系统中。根据环境类型(内部/外部)和访问选项(包容性/排他性),本文提出了与外部和内部社区通信的技术类型。类型学将通信技术系统化,并展示了其解决各种任务的能力,包括在公共政策领域引入新代理人,组织机构访问,创造/提取价值,降低管理结构之间信息交换的成本。通信技术使政府能够采取识别环境多样性并与之互动的政策。以爱沙尼亚为例,评价了引进这些技术的效果。综上所述,由于系统的信息连通性,可以将数字政府视为指数组织,但由于国家作为非平衡适应系统的功能,很难明确地得出价值创造/提取的爆炸性增长。
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引用次数: 2
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The world of new economy
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