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Postherpetic neuralgia: an update of etiopathogenesis. 带状疱疹后神经痛:发病机制的最新进展。
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21608/smj.2022.118317.1301
M. Abu El-Hamd, Shereen Abd Elaa, A. Abdelwahab
: Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is defined as a neuropathic pain (NP) that continues from months to years after the cure of the herpes zoster (HZ) infection. The PHN is the main prevalent HZ complication. The incidence of PHN is 10% in people > 40 years old, 20%-50% of people > 60 years old, and scarcely reported in people < 30 years old and it enhances with increased age and reduced immunity. Consequently, it was mainly reported in the elders. The diagnosis of PHN is relatively straightforward. The pathophysiology of PHN is poorly understood; different pathophysiologic processes seem to be involved with the development of HZ and PHN. Also, many treatment modalities have been applied to reach maximum efficacy and tolerability. This review article aims to optimize the most recent and the most accepted concepts on the etiopathogenesis of PHN which may help in finding the best lines of management with the most satisfactory outcomes.
带状疱疹后感染性神经痛(PHN)被定义为带状疱疹(HZ)感染治愈后持续数月至数年的神经性疼痛。PHN是主要的HZ并发症。PHN的发病率在40岁人群中为10%,在60岁人群中为20%-50%,在< 30岁人群中几乎没有报道,并且随着年龄的增长和免疫力的降低而增加。因此,主要在老年人中报道。PHN的诊断相对简单。PHN的病理生理机制尚不清楚;不同的病理生理过程似乎参与了HZ和PHN的发展。此外,许多治疗方式已被应用,以达到最大的疗效和耐受性。这篇综述文章旨在优化最新和最被接受的关于PHN发病机制的概念,这可能有助于找到最佳的治疗方法和最令人满意的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Updates Regarding Neurocircuits and Neurotransmitters Involved in the Regulation of Wakefulness 参与觉醒调节的神经回路和神经递质的最新进展
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21608/smj.2022.114037.1297
M. A. Ali, H. Ahmed, Ahmed Mahmoud, Dina Monir, R. Refaie, Khaled Abdelsater
Sleep is a universal phenomenon that is observed not only in humans but also in birds, fishes, and flies even in simpler organisms such as worms also we spend about 8 hours each day in sleep which represents nearly one-third of our life. All these observations indicate the physiological importance of sleep. study of sleep mechanisms requires the first study of the mechanisms, neurocircuits, and neurotransmitters involved in the promotion of wakefulness. Observation of Von Economo in 1930 of patients affected by “encephalitis lethargica”, an epidemic that causes widespread and prolonged sleepiness most of the day, opened the door for the study of the brain regions responsible for wakefulness. Researchers recognized now many brain regions that are responsible for wakefulness and other brain regions responsible for the induction of different types of sleep. This review will try to discuss the most recent mechanisms and neural circuits involved in the promotion of wakefulness.
睡眠是一种普遍现象,不仅在人类身上,而且在鸟、鱼、苍蝇甚至更简单的生物,如蠕虫身上都能观察到。我们每天大约花8小时睡觉,这几乎占了我们生命的三分之一。所有这些观察都表明了睡眠在生理上的重要性。对睡眠机制的研究首先需要对促进觉醒的机制、神经回路和神经递质进行研究。1930年,冯·伊科诺莫(Von Economo)对“嗜睡脑炎”患者的观察为研究负责清醒的大脑区域打开了大门。“嗜睡脑炎”是一种流行病,会导致一天中大部分时间大面积长时间嗜睡。研究人员现在认识到,大脑中有许多区域负责清醒,还有一些区域负责诱导不同类型的睡眠。这篇综述将试图讨论最新的机制和神经回路参与促进觉醒。
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引用次数: 0
Copper Oxide Nanoparticles' Anti-biofilm Activity against MDR Gram negative bacilli 氧化铜纳米颗粒对耐多药革兰氏阴性杆菌的抗生物膜活性
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21608/smj.2022.179870.1357
Amira S Ahmed, Asmaa Thabet, Mamdouh M. Esmat
: Emerging pathogens known as multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria have resistance characteristics that have a major negative impact on human health. The emergence of microbes resistant to currently available medications has been influenced by the misuse of antibiotics. A number of methods, such as the change of antibiotics, the alteration of target sites, and the production of biofilms, are used by pathogenic bacteria to build resistance. Healthcare professionals are very concerned about bacterial colonization on surfaces in the form of biofilms because it can lead to chronic infections. It is currently urgently needed in both medicine and industry to create novel defenses against the growth of biofilms and planktonic infections, particularly strains that are resistant to antibiotics. The use of nanoparticles could be a potential solution in case of ineffectiveness of conventional methods for eliminating biofilms and the rising issue of antibiotic resistance. Metal oxide nanoparticles, like copper oxide, are among the many nanoparticles (NPs) that have attracted the greatest attention and promise. Existing biofilms are encouraged to be destroyed by copper oxide nanoparticles, which also inhibit formation of new ones. The primary cause is the toxicity of copper ions for plankton and biofilm cells. Many metal oxide nanoparticles have shown biological characteristics that are significantly more favorable than those of the parent metals NPs. For this reason, the metal oxide NPs sparked the most interest from scientific community.
被称为耐多药细菌的新出现病原体具有对人类健康产生重大负面影响的耐药特征。对现有药物产生耐药性的微生物的出现受到滥用抗生素的影响。致病菌通过改变抗生素、改变靶点、产生生物膜等多种方法来产生耐药性。卫生保健专业人员非常关注细菌以生物膜的形式在表面定植,因为它可能导致慢性感染。目前,医药和工业都迫切需要创造新的防御措施,以防止生物膜的生长和浮游生物感染,特别是对抗生素具有耐药性的菌株。纳米粒子的使用可能是一种潜在的解决方案,在消除生物膜的传统方法无效的情况下,以及抗生素耐药性的日益上升的问题。金属氧化物纳米颗粒,如氧化铜,是众多纳米颗粒(NPs)中最受关注和最有希望的。现有的生物膜被氧化铜纳米颗粒破坏,这也抑制了新膜的形成。其主要原因是铜离子对浮游生物和生物膜细胞的毒性。许多金属氧化物纳米颗粒表现出明显优于母体金属纳米颗粒的生物学特性。因此,金属氧化物NPs引起了科学界的极大兴趣。
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引用次数: 0
Biomedical Applications and Toxicological Aspects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: A Review Article 氧化锌纳米颗粒的生物医学应用和毒理学研究综述
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21608/smj.2022.173745.1354
Hend G. Aref, Ahmed Said, E. Ahmed, Mai Abdelkader, A. Elkady, Soheir K. Mohamed
: Nanotechnology is one of the fastest-growing and most promising modern technologies. It deals with the manufacturing and use of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles are generally known as small-sized particles possessing a size range of 1 to 100 nm. Due to their distinctive physicochemical and mechanical characteristics, they are utilized in various fields like agriculture, material science, food industry, medical, diagnostic, and cosmetic applications. One of the nanoparticles that is most frequently used nowadays is Zinc oxide nanoparticles. They have been explored for numerous biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, anticancer, antibacterial, antidiabetic, and bioimaging. Researchers expect that usage of Zinc oxide nanoparticles will expand so; the human body's exposure to them will increase. Zinc oxide .nanoparticles released into the environment could lead to adverse human and animal health effects. Recent studies concluded that Zinc oxide nanoparticles could cross some blood vital organs barriers and cell membranes, generate free radicals, and exhibit oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity. Therefore, great attention must be taken to assess the toxicological aspects of nanoparticles.
纳米技术是发展最快和最有前途的现代技术之一。它涉及纳米粒子的制造和使用。纳米颗粒通常被称为小尺寸颗粒,其尺寸范围为1至100纳米。由于其独特的物理化学和机械特性,它们被用于农业,材料科学,食品工业,医疗,诊断和化妆品应用等各个领域。目前最常用的纳米颗粒之一是氧化锌纳米颗粒。它们已被用于许多生物医学应用,如药物输送、抗癌、抗菌、抗糖尿病和生物成像。研究人员预计氧化锌纳米颗粒的使用将会扩大。人体暴露在这些物质中的量会增加。释放到环境中的氧化锌纳米颗粒可能对人类和动物的健康造成不利影响。最近的研究表明,氧化锌纳米颗粒可以穿过一些血液重要器官的屏障和细胞膜,产生自由基,并表现出氧化应激、细胞毒性和遗传毒性。因此,必须高度重视评估纳米颗粒的毒理学方面。
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引用次数: 0
Interleukin-4, and interferon-gamma roles as biomarkers in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients. 白细胞介素-4和干扰素- γ在系统性红斑狼疮患者中的生物标志物作用
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21608/smj.2022.131134.1314
A. Mostafa, Amany Abd Allah, Sahar Abd Alwahed, R. Hafez, Safenaz Hussien, R. Bakry
: Objective: To evaluate interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels in Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) cases in addition to evaluating the correlation of IFN-γ, and IL-4 with disease activity. Patients and Methods: This study recruited 60 adult SLE subjects and 60 healthy controls. Subjects underwent complete clinical examination, history taking, as well as evaluation of disease activity in cases with SLE via the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Determination of serum levels of IFN-γ, and IL-4 was done in controls as well as patients. Results: IFN-γ, and IL-4 levels were substantially elevated in the SLE cohort than in the controls. Furthermore, the IFN-γ level is significantly positively correlated with SLEDAI, with no link between SLEDAI as well as IL-4. Conclusion: Elevated IFN-γ and IL-4 serum levels in cases with SLE play a role in SLE progression and have a role in disease activity. IFN-γ serum levels were positively linked with disease activity and anti-dsDNA, negatively linked with C4, and no significant correlation with C3 and 24 h protein in the urine.
目的:评估系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者白细胞介素-4 (IL-4)和干扰素-γ (IFN-γ)水平以及IFN-γ和IL-4与疾病活动性的相关性。患者和方法:本研究招募了60名成年SLE患者和60名健康对照者。受试者接受了完整的临床检查、病史记录,并通过系统性红斑狼疮疾病活动指数(SLEDAI)评估SLE患者的疾病活动。测定对照组和患者血清中IFN-γ和IL-4的水平。结果:SLE患者的IFN-γ和IL-4水平明显高于对照组。此外,IFN-γ水平与SLEDAI呈显著正相关,SLEDAI与IL-4之间无关联。结论:SLE患者血清中IFN-γ和IL-4水平升高在SLE进展和疾病活动性中起作用。血清中IFN-γ水平与疾病活动性和抗dsdna呈正相关,与C4呈负相关,与尿液中的C3和24小时蛋白无显著相关性。
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引用次数: 1
Nutritional consequences of bariatric surgery Samir Ahmed Abdelmageed1, Eman Roshdy Mohamed2, Alaa Ahmed Ghaleb3, Farida Sami Abdou4 4Family Medicine department, Faculty of medicine, Sohag University 1General surgery department, Faculty of Medic 减肥手术的营养后果Samir Ahmed Abdelmageed1, Eman Roshdy Mohamed2, Alaa Ahmed ghale3, Farida Sami Abdou4 Sohag大学医学院家庭医学系普通外科学系
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21608/smj.2023.186994.1364
Farida S. Abdou, E. Mohamed, A. Ghaleb, Samir A. Abdelmageed
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引用次数: 0
Diagnostic Value of diffusion-weighted MR and MR spectroscopy in the differentiation of benign from malignant breast lesions : An Updated review of literature 弥散加权磁共振和磁共振光谱在乳腺良恶性病变鉴别中的诊断价值:最新文献综述
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21608/smj.2022.100213.1275
M. Noaman
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引用次数: 0
Microneedling in treatment of vitiligo: a review article 微针治疗白癜风综述
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21608/smj.2022.107374.1286
noreen Abdelghany, ramdan abdo, Wafaa Abdelmaged
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引用次数: 0
The neuroimaging findings in CO-VID-19 patients A literature review covid -19患者的神经影像学表现:文献综述
Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.21608/smj.2021.79201.1257
Y. Amin
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引用次数: 0
Clinico-pathological patterns of Childhood idiopathic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome: a retrospective single-center experience 儿童特发性类固醇抵抗性肾病综合征的临床病理模式:回顾性单中心经验
Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.21608/smj.2021.87546.1270
Ghada Borham
Introduction and aim of work: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is the commonest underlying histopathological diagnosis in idiopathic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in children. Many immunosuppressive therapies are used in its treatment. There is a 50% risk of progression to end-stage renal disease within five years if there is no complete or even partial remission with immunomodulatory therapies. This work aimed to study the various clinical, histopathological and therapeutic aspects of idiopathic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in our locality. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on children aged 1 – 15 years with idiopathic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, followed in our Pediatric Nephrology Clinic in Sohag University Hospital, between January 2002 and January 2017. Patients' demographic features and disease's clinical course, histopathological patterns, response to various medications, and long-term outcomes were evaluated. Results: There were 28 patients with initial and 5 with late steroid resistance. The mean age at disease onset was 3.98±3.14 years. The male/female ratio was 2.5/1. Renal biopsy was performed in 26 patients. Minimal change disease was present in 5 patients, mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis in 6 patients, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in 15 patients. Fifteen patients received cyclophosphamide, 26 received cyclosporine, 8 used mycophenolate mofetil, and 4 received combined immunosuppressive therapies. Four patients developed end-stage kidney disease. There were five deaths by the end of the study. Conclusion: In our study, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is the most common histopathology in idiopathic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome and cyclosporine is the most effective second-line therapy in those patients
工作简介和目的:局灶节段性肾小球硬化是儿童特发性类固醇抵抗性肾病综合征中最常见的潜在组织病理学诊断。许多免疫抑制疗法被用于治疗。如果免疫调节疗法不能完全缓解甚至部分缓解,五年内进展为终末期肾病的风险为50%。本研究旨在研究本区特发性类固醇抵抗性肾病综合征的各种临床、组织病理学和治疗方面的情况。患者和方法:本回顾性研究对2002年1月至2017年1月在Sohag大学医院儿科肾病科就诊的1 - 15岁特发性类固醇抵抗性肾病综合征儿童进行了随访。评估患者的人口统计学特征和疾病的临床病程、组织病理学模式、对各种药物的反应和长期结果。结果:原发性类固醇耐药28例,晚期类固醇耐药5例。平均发病年龄为3.98±3.14岁。男女比例为2.5/1。26例患者行肾活检。5例出现微小病变,6例出现系血管增殖性肾小球肾炎,15例出现局灶性节段性肾小球硬化。环磷酰胺15例,环孢素26例,霉酚酸酯8例,联合免疫抑制治疗4例。4名患者发展为终末期肾病。研究结束时,有5人死亡。结论:在我们的研究中,局灶节段性肾小球硬化是特发性类固醇抵抗性肾病综合征中最常见的组织病理学,环孢素是这些患者最有效的二线治疗
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Sohag Medical Journal
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