Current issues of linguistics and translations studies最新文献

{"title":"PROBLEMS OF THE FORMATION OF UKRAINIAN-SPEAKING PERSONALITY OF MEDICAL COLLEGE STUDENTS","authors":"F. Bakum, D. Bacevich, N. Ganych, N. Duda, Yu Kalyuzhna, O. Kosenko, I. Mamchich, N. Oliynyk, Otreshko, Selivanova. Also","doi":"10.31891/2415-7929-2023-27-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2415-7929-2023-27-3","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the theoretical definition of the concept of “Ukrainian-speaking personality” in the modern educational space in general, medicine in particular. We carried out the analysis of scientific views on the interpretation of the concept of “linguistic personality” in the works of researchers: Z. Bakum, F. Bacevich, D. Ganych, N. Duda, N. Kalyuzhna, Yu. Kosenko, O. Mamchich, I. Oliynyk, N. Otreshko, O Selivanova. Also, we analyzed the structural components in their logical combination: personality, language, speech, language personality, communication. We determined the relevance of the specified problem within the specifics of the medical field, taking into account the requirements and needs of the leadership. In this perspective, we analyzed the works of I. Gumennaya, V. Kulchytskyi, I. Lisovoy, V. Mikayelyan. Basing on the realized theoretical analysis, the sought-after concept is interpreted as an individual ability to verbal use, fluency in language constructions, appropriate use of synonymous means, correct interaction of sound signals and graphic symbols in various situations during communication or assimilation of certain information, exchange opinions, positions, experiences, feelings. We demonstrated the ways to solve a specific problem through the prism of the competence paradigm of education, where communication becomes the leading condition for quality information, interaction and perception. Based on the scientific-theoretical analysis carried out during the research, we identified the specific features of nursing communication. We revealed and specified the nature of the leading didactic factors that ensure the formation of linguistic personality in accordance with the educational goal at each educational stage. We proposeda system of exercises and tasks, which ensure a high-quality through-and-through formation of the Ukrainian-speaking personality during the teaching of non-philological disciplines in a medical college.","PeriodicalId":255187,"journal":{"name":"Current issues of linguistics and translations studies","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116129078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRANSLATION TRANSFORMATIONS IN GERMAN SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TEXTS ON MODIFICATIONS OF THE MAIN BATTLE TANK OF THE ARMED FORCES OF GERMANY LEOPARD 1 AND LEOPARD 2A7+","authors":"N. Pustovit","doi":"10.31891/2415-7929-2023-27-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2415-7929-2023-27-22","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the translation techniques used in the translation of scientific and technical texts of military subjects. Lexical-semantic and syntactic translation transformations have been identified and characterized. In the context of the study, an analysis of German-language scientific and technical texts on modifications of the main battle tank of the German Armed Forces, Leopard 1 and Leopard 2A7 + has been carried out. It is noted that when translating military texts, the target text should be as close as possible to the original and convey the lexical meaning of the word as accurately as possible, in turn, the translator should have not only a terminological minimum, but also background knowledge. Transformations that help to preserve the features of the author’s style with the appropriate reproduction of the content have been considered. These methods, according to the international classification, cover: 1) transliteration and transcription, tracing and selection of various variants for replacement; 2) detalization and generalization; 3) the introduction of new words or omission of old concepts; 4) integral-situational transformation (replacement). Most translation methods are aimed at lexical-semantic transformations. The use of these methods is intended to provide in a certain context a greater degree of adequacy of translation. This is how it is possible to approximate the norms of compatibility and avoid foreign words and word combinations. It is noted that an effective translation tool is a combination of several translation techniques, among which there are morphological-categorical replacement, selection of Ukrainian equivalents and syntactic transformations.","PeriodicalId":255187,"journal":{"name":"Current issues of linguistics and translations studies","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114026059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LEXICAL AND STYLISTIC FEATURES OF TRANSLATION OF AMERICAN SPORTS JARGON","authors":"D. Dmytroshkin","doi":"10.31891/2415-7929-2023-27-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2415-7929-2023-27-9","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with lexical and stylistic features of translation of American sports jargon. The author substantiates relevance of the research and provides major factors for the study of sports jargon. Basic features of American sports jargon and its functions have been described. The process of converting terms into jargon in sports discourse has been revealed. The following major feature of the use of sports jargon in discourse haven described: concise lexical form, expressiveness, sociolinguistic factors. Basic principles of sports jargon translation have been suggested. The author emphasizes the following methods of translation: equivalent, descriptive translation, transcoding, calque, adaptation. The choice of the translation methods depends of the context, the kind of sport, and stylistic coloring. Using equivalent and adaptation translation have been suggested as the most appropriate methods. Contexts and situations, in which certain methods of translation should be applied have been analyzed and described. Irregular types of American sports jargon have been studied. Specifically, the author talks about jargon with the use of proper names (names of athletes and geographical names). Examples of this type of sports jargon in sentences have been provided. Word-formation principles and meaning of specific types of sport jargon have been analyzed. The author suggests Ukrainian equivalents to such words and phrases. Emotional and coloring aspects of the use of American sports jargon have been revealed. Examples and choice strategies for certain translation of jargon have been analyzed. Attention should be specifically paid to the style of speech (emotional coloring) and the context (translation source). The following general requirements to translators and approaches to translation of American sports jargon have been singled out: to preserve the image/emotion; to choose a correct equivalent; to know the specifics of sports discourse and the kind of sport a translator works with; to be able to select an equivalent from a kind of sport that is popular in the society that speaks target language. Prospects of further research have been provided.","PeriodicalId":255187,"journal":{"name":"Current issues of linguistics and translations studies","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134603536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LEGAL TERMINOLOGY TRANSLATION IN THE TRAINING OF LAW STUDENTS: DIFFICULTIES","authors":"I. Turchyn, N. Dubnevych, L. Hunya","doi":"10.31891/2415-7929-2023-27-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2415-7929-2023-27-28","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents certain difficulties in translating legal terms in training future lawyers. The translation of legal terminology is a comprehensive process that involves knowledge of grammar, common and legal vocabulary, words and phrases of Latin origin, and others. Definitions of «legal terminology», «legal term» and «legal translation» are highlighted. It is stated that legal translation requires a translator’s awareness of the laws, culture, history, national traditions of the source language and the target language in order to reproduce the source information of the target language adequately and fully. The importance of translation dictionaries of legal terminology is emphasized. It is highlighted that information in the third edition of «Documents of the Consultative Council of European Judges» is available in English and Ukrainian. The educational tutorial “Comparative Judicial Law” in the Ukrainian language, which contains information for a full understanding of the judicial system for translating terms has been analyzed. The difficulties of rendering words of Latin origin, passive voice, and clichés are analyzed on the basis of the court case «Francisco Cunanan Pamintuan, Petitioner v. Department of the Navy». It should be remembered that Latin words and phrases are often not translated. The court-presented examples may be used without modification, however, it is advisable to explain or translate them when using them in foreign language classes. One has revealed the methods of translation of legal terms-realities, which are non-equivalent lexical units, as it is difficult to reflect the national identity of a certain country and to find an equivalent that conveys stylistic and semantic nuances in the text of the source language. It has been made clear how important it is to understand the laws, customs, and culture of both one’s own country and the native speaker’s country. It is emphasized that lawyers who work with foreign clients or help Ukrainians who have partners abroad must understand linguistic problems and know legal terms in the process of communication. It is noted that a promising area for the education of law students is the compilation of explanatory and translation dictionaries, which will also help to further lexicography.","PeriodicalId":255187,"journal":{"name":"Current issues of linguistics and translations studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123585740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ECHO-REPETITION AS A METHOD OF LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE","authors":"Удк, Купчишина Ю.А","doi":"10.31891/2415-7929-2023-27-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2415-7929-2023-27-12","url":null,"abstract":"The technique of echo-repetition, or shadowing, has gained popularity as a way of individual or independent copying of pronunciation of a foreign speaker. The article considers the potential and prospects of using such a technique during the practice of simultaneous translation. The brief analysis of native and foreign literature conveys the interest of both theorists and practitioners in the methodology of developing listening skills when learning a foreign language. The research consists in updating the most effective (from the author’s point of view) methods of working with audio material. Listening is considered to be one of the key elements in learning a foreign language along with writing, reading and speaking activities. Echo-repetition aims at a detailed study of the audio text with its further assimilation at all levels of the language. The author points out the material selection criteria and the algorithm for working on it. The article also analyses methods of working with audio text within the framework of using the echo-repetition technique. The purpose of the study is to define the most effective (from the author’s perspective) techniques for working with audio material at different stages of teaching any foreign language. In the practical part of the study, techniques for exceling and improving listening skills are described. The practical significance of the work lies in the actualization of various listening techniques. The described techniques can be used at any level of proficiency in a foreign language. The conclusions summarize the information given and trace the prospects for further research in that field.","PeriodicalId":255187,"journal":{"name":"Current issues of linguistics and translations studies","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121956020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE ARTISTIC CONCEPT OF “BOOK” IN THE CHRISTMAS STORIES FOR CHILDREN","authors":"L. Minich, T. Mykhalchuk","doi":"10.31891/2415-7929-2023-27-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2415-7929-2023-27-15","url":null,"abstract":"The article explores how the concept of a book is described in the Christmas stories for children, which were included in the collection called When the show smells like tangerines”, published by The Old Lion Publishing House, and “Who creates the Christmas” published by The Black Sheep Publishing House. Ukrainian scientists’ interest in exploring concepts’ problems has been growing significantly in recent years. Despite this, the concept of “book” has not yet been widely studied, which makes this scientific investigation relevant. After all, interest in the phenomenon of books and reading in the modern world is increasing among researchers from various scientific fields – teachers, sociologists, philosophers, literary critics. In the coordinates of modern Ukrainian literature for children and youth, authors are also increasingly updating the question of the presence of books in a modern child’s life. Therefore, the work aims to analyze the use of the “book” concept in Christmas stories for children. In the course of the research, taking into account the outlined thematic guidelines, it was found that the concept of “book” is actualized within the framework of stories for children in the light of associability with the holiday of Christmas, the Christmas tradition. This positively affects the formation of the linguistic picture of the world of young readers, understanding the importance of family values and traditions. The book becomes essential to the interaction between family members, the joy of joint reading, and gift-giving. Further study of the concept of “book” in Ukrainian literature for children and youth will open new horizons for interpreting the book phenomenon in general.","PeriodicalId":255187,"journal":{"name":"Current issues of linguistics and translations studies","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115642197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SOCIO-POLITICAL NEOLOGISMS OF THE XXI CENTURY: FEATURES OF CREATION AND FUNCTIONING","authors":"Y. Boyko","doi":"10.31891/2415-7929-2023-27-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2415-7929-2023-27-36","url":null,"abstract":"From the point of view of the theory of neology, the processes of the formation of new words, the causes and prerequisites for their occurrence have not yet been studied in linguistics, in the end there is still no balanced clear definition of neologism. The very fact of registration of new words by lexicographers who are at the same time native speakers means that these words have passed the stages of entry and partial or complete assimilation in the language, namely: acceptualization and lexicalization in speech and language. On the slope of the last century, dynamic socio-political processes took place both in the international arena and within English-speaking countries. They continue today, certainly reflecting in the lexico-semantic system of the new socio-political vocabulary. This is evidenced by the emergence of a significant number of new words, syntagms, phrases, as well as lexicalized syntactic constructions, semantic derivation. Coverage of these issues and the transience of socio-political phenomena determine the relevance of the study of new words of socio-political content. This will contribute to a deeper knowledge of the multifaceted relations between language and society, an adequate perception of the structure and meaning of new words to achieve the most important goal of communication – mutual understanding. This research is an attempt to explore the creation of socio-political neologisms to determine the main productive word-building models, methods of their use and translation in the context of socio-political newspaper texts of the 21st century. The purpose of the study is to establish and analyze the ways of creating, functioning and translating neologisms in the English language journalistic discourse. The object of research are neologisms, the ways of their creation and functioning, and the subject is the ways of adequate translation of neologisms. Neologisms are words and phrases that mean a new concept or a new meaning for an already existing word. Taking into account the method of creation, neologisms are divided into: phonological neologisms; borrowings; semantic neologisms and morphological neologisms. The examples of socio-political neologisms analyzed in the research reflect the trends in the development of the word-forming system of the English language at the present stage. Their analysis allows us to conclude that at the present stage such types of coining new words as affixation (prefixation), reduction (abbreviations and shortenings), composition, blending, conversion are the most productive. Prefixation as a word-forming device is widely used in the English language due to the lack of endings as such. The levelling of case endings and the simplification of verb inflections led to deep lexical distinctions motivated by the use of prefixes. Prefixing is quite a powerful way of innovation, but it is inferior to reduction (abbreviations and acronyms) in frequency of use. A relatively new way of word formation –","PeriodicalId":255187,"journal":{"name":"Current issues of linguistics and translations studies","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121876473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GRAMMATICAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE PROCESS OF POLISH-UKRAINIAN TRANSLATION","authors":"Торчинська Н. М Хмельницький національний університет","doi":"10.31891/2415-7929-2023-27-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2415-7929-2023-27-27","url":null,"abstract":"Text translation often requires to preserve the author’s style, originality, and communicative intention. Preservation of the content of the work consists of the correct translation of the lexical part, which mainly does not cause difficulties since the appropriate lexemes are chosen based on the topic and need. Meanwhile, the syntactic structure is mostly dynamic and often can be different from the original, what is caused by the grammatical structure of each language. The article is devoted to the study of the transformation peculiarities in order to translate texts from the Polish language into Ukrainian as accurately as possible. In particular, different types of grammatical transformations of the Polish and Ukrainian languages have been analyzed using the example of the original and the translated version of the novel «Loneliness on the Web» by Y. Vishnevsky. Due to the peculiarities of the syntactic structure of the Polish language, inversion plays a significant part, which can be caused either by the structure of the language or by the requirement to convey the expressiveness of speech. The change in the syntactic structure of a sentence is especially productive: the main and secondary parts of the sentence are transformed within a simple sentence, and therefore the structure of the sentence is complete/incomplete, one-member/ two-member. Complex sentences, compound sentences, and complex syntactic constructions in the process of translation can, of course, preserve their structure and typology, but a large number still differ from the structure in the target language. One of the features of the Polish language is the absence of subject pronouns along with predicates expressed by past tense verbs, while they are present in the Ukrainian version, what predetermined a significant decompression of the target text. At the same time, we record many one-word concepts, which in the Ukrainian language are conveyed by word combinations, causing compressions. The zero transformation turned out to be unproductive since it is mostly impossible to convey the content of the artistic text, its emotional and expressive shades in the target language by word-for-word translation. We should note that the Polish and Ukrainian languages have several differences in the punctuation of sentences: in the Polish language, the optionality of punctuation marks often comes to the forefront when designing complex sentences and direct speech. The artistic translation is a kind of challenge for the translator since the final result must preserve the unique style of the writer, and his originality, taking into account the sociocultural and ethnolinguistic contexts of both the original language and the target language. Therefore we can claim that the author of the translation of the novel «Loneliness on the Web» by Y. Vishnevsky managed to do it at such a high level.","PeriodicalId":255187,"journal":{"name":"Current issues of linguistics and translations studies","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121561716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LEXICAL AND STYLISTIC FEAUTURES OF ANTI-WAR PROSE BY E.M. REMARQUE AND ISSUES OF THEIR TRANSLATION","authors":"N. Levytska","doi":"10.31891/2415-7929-2023-27-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2415-7929-2023-27-13","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with lexical and stylistic features of anti-war prose by a German-born novelist E.M. Remarque and analyzes issues of their translation. It has been revealed that anti-war prose by E.M. Remarque is characterized by the use of lexical and syntactic language means. Everyday vocabulary, phraseologisms, emotional and expressive language units, filler words play key role among the means of colloquial language implementation. Features of literary and colloquial syntax of novels by E.M. Remarque include extensive use of question and imperative sentences, simple sentences in dialogues, lexical repetitions, elliptical structures.","PeriodicalId":255187,"journal":{"name":"Current issues of linguistics and translations studies","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115136963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REFLECTION IN PHRASES OF THE UKRAINIAN AND ENGLISH MENTALITY","authors":"V. Drobotenko","doi":"10.31891/2415-7929-2023-27-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2415-7929-2023-27-10","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of Ukrainian and English phrases that reflect the mentality of the peoples of Ukraine and Great Britain. The relevance of the study is due to the anthropocentrism of phraseology, i.e. the focus of stable units on the human world. The purpose of the article is to study the semantic features of phrases that reflect the Ukrainian and English mentalities. The article interprets mentality as a stable set of preferences and a formed system of values of a people, which is closely related to the national character, reflecting the spiritual face of a certain ethnic group. According to this definition of the term “phraseology”, its main types include phraseological splices, phraseological unities, phraseological combinations, and phraseological expressions (idioms, proverbs, sayings, aphorisms). According to the results of the analysis, phrases reflect such features of the Ukrainian mentality as religiosity, love of freedom, and hard work. In turn, the English mentality is the result of traditions and behavioral habits of the people of Great Britain; it reflects its climate, nature and geography. The English mentality is characterized by stability, hard work; tolerance and non-interference in the affairs of others; conservatism; restraint and individualism. The authors note that some components in the phraseological units of the analyzed languages give the phraseological units opposite connotations, although sometimes there are coincidences. This mostly concerns phraseological units containing components denoting weather phenomena, such as wind, rain, hurricane. According to the authors, this is due to the different climatic conditions in the UK and Ukraine. The difference between the phraseological units referring to labor is also established: while Ukrainian phraseological units verbalize hard or useless work, English ones mostly condemn laziness.","PeriodicalId":255187,"journal":{"name":"Current issues of linguistics and translations studies","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114437475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}