Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.31891/2415-7929-2022-25-9
M. Torchynskyi, N. Torchynska
Despite the availability of a sufficient number of studies, there is still no comprehensive work that would summarize information about the grammatical features of proper names of the Ukrainian language. However, there is an indisputable need for such conclusions, which determines the relevance of the topic of our scientific article. The purpose of the study is to systematize the morphological and syntactic features of the proprietary units of the Ukrainian language. Methods of classification and systematization (to group proper names), descriptive method using stratigraphic, genetic, etymological, word formation, formant, comparative and other methods (to characterize the Ukrainian onomastіcon) and the method of quantitative calculations (to determine the productivity of different types of proper names) were used in the work. The study found that the grammatical attributes of onyms are inextricably linked with similar features of common names, but it is appropriate to emphasize their specificity. In particular, proper names have a number of differential characteristics in the definition lexico-grammatical and grammatical categories, and the main types of word change are declension (noun and noun-adjective), declension-invariant (construction “noun + noun”) and invariant (especially when the proper name is combined with an appellative indicating a denotation). We often record the transition from a proper name to common names, less often – the pluralization of onyms. The syntactic role of simple subjects, objects, attributes, appositions, adverbial modifiers of place and direct address is dominant for onyms (according to semantic-syntactic criterions – substantial subject, object and addressee and secondary attributive, vocative and adverbial locative syntaxes). Compound models, in particular phrases and predicates, are specific to proper names. Phonetic, lexical and other features of proper names can be described in more detail in the following generalized articles.
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Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.31891/2415-7929-2022-25-1
M. Babicheva, M. Vornyk, Zh. Sadlovska
The article deals with the peculiarities of forming learner’s autonomy by means of teacher’s roles delegation to students. The communicative, reflective, activity-organizational cognitive-axiological structural elements of roles’ delegation are characterized by the authors of the article. The relevancy of application of teacher’s roles delegation to students is proved by the necessity of building skills of autonomous life-long foreign language education as a basic capacity of successful personal and professional development. The aim of the paper is to justify the expediency of teacher’s roles delegation to students in order to develop learner’s autonomy and the description of wide spectrum of roles and functions which may be delegated. Necessary preconditions for successful implementation of delegated powers have been identified. Considerable attention is paid to the description of a wide range of functions and tasks that can be delegated to students in various spheres of class life. The authors carefully describe the roles of class-manager, instruction content developer, time-manager and time-keeper, tool-manager, instruction-assistant, assessment-assistant. The range of the roles described can be prolonged by the functions of class press-secretary, class blogger, class designer, public opinion researcher etc. The process of teacher’s roles delegation to students not only engages them to active leaning but develops their organizational skills, skills of time-management, short-term and long-term planning, objectivity and assessment skills. In addition, the systematic and alternate performance of various class functions by students promotes the development of cooperative tolerance, team cohesion, empathy in the student body. The prospects for the study of this issue is in the development of methods for delegating the teacher’s roles within a single lesson, as well as studying the specifics of this phenomenon in accordance with the age characteristics of students.
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Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.31891/2415-7929-2022-25-3
O. Yemets, M. Havryliuk
The article considers the language means of verbalization of conceptual metaphors “Family” and “Love” in the contemporary short stories of the British and American writers. The investigation also involves determining the principles and the algorithm of rendering these conceptual metaphors in translation. Concepts are defined as mental structures used by a person in the process of thinking. Concepts in fiction are called artistic concepts. They are verbalized with the help of lexical and stylistic devices and are represented by conceptual metaphors. Conceptual analysis helps to characterize the key concept in the text of fiction, and, at the same time, such analysis can be a good criterion for assessing the quality of literary translation. In this paper, we suggest four stages of conceptual analysis in translation. The first stage includes defining the main concept in the text; the second involves formulating the conceptual metaphor (CM) in the text; determining the lexical and stylistic means of verbalization of the CM. The third stage consists in the text translation and editing, and the fourth-in the comparison of the source and target texts. At the first stage, it is also necessary to consider how the key text concept is represented in the folklore, proverbs, and aphorisms. Our investigation focuses on the concepts of “Family” and “Love”, therefore we chose several famous proverbs as the illustration of these concepts: As the twig is bent, so the tree is inclined; Men build houses, women build homes; A mother’s heart is always with her children. The major concept in the short story “Oliver’s Evolution” by John Updike is: “Family”, and the two microconcepts are “Father” and “Son”. The main character Oliver was growing as a weak boy, vulnerable to different injuries and misfortunes. But when he became an adult and had a family, he started feeling responsibility for his children and his wife, he became the support of his children. The main CM is verbalized by means of the extended metaphor and gradation and can be formulated as FATHER IS THE TREE FOR HIS CHIDREN. Another story “My Mother’s Many Scarves”, published in August 2022, is an example of flash fiction stories, two-three pages long, usually with a very important ending. The concept “Family” includes two microconcepts – “Mother” and “Daughter”. The author Andree Guedron describes the relations of love and understanding between the mother and the daughter. The narrator’s mother liked scarves, and her daughter inherited different things from her: brooches, jewelry. But most valuable was a bag of scarves which the mother bought in different countries. The concept is verbalized, first of all, by numerous repetitions of the noun scarf. The scarves become a metonymic detail, a symbol in the story. That is why the main conceptual metaphor of the text can be formulated as MOTHER’S SCARVES ARE SPIRITUAL INHERITANCE. The daughter realizes that she inherited from the mother not only material things,
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Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.31891/2415-7929-2022-25-6
A. Maksymova
It was determined that for the sphere of economy and business, despite the presence of multidirectional phraseology that characterizes economic processes and phenomena, the word “economy”, “economics” remains the most widely used. Linguistic and cultural problems of phraseology in the field of economy and business are addressed to the solution of several issues. The first question concerns the technical side, which consists in clarifying the terminological apparatus of the study. The second refers to the substantive part, which concerns the essence of terminological concepts. In the article, the author singles out the national specifics for the sphere of economy and business (Black Friday, musical-chair county, Fifth Amendment capitalist) revealed when comparing phrases of different languages and determined by two factors: objective and subjective. Cultural specificity for the sphere of economy and business (Christmas creep, Mongolian hordes, proletarian drift) implies the correspondence of the language unit to the element of mentality or spiritual culture of society, its history, beliefs, traditions and natural living conditions. The linguistic and cultural study of phrases should be focused on understanding their national specificity, which is realized in the peculiarities of the interaction of a given language and a given culture. Linguistic and cultural universals in the sphere of economy and business include analogies formed in the American ethno-cultural environment and tested by time: glass ceiling, glass wall, golden bungee, golden handcuffs, golden ghetto, lipstick effect, lipstick indicator, silicon-chip capitalism, Silicon Mountain. It is shown that the mastering of the surrounding reality is produced in a specific way, peculiar to this national and cultural community, which cannot but be reflected in the phrasemes of one or another language. The sphere of economy and business is no exception, in which idioms are formed under the influence of such factors as general human thinking and peculiarities of mastering the surrounding reality. All of the above testifies in favor of the fact that the presence of cultural-linguistic specificity in no way cancels the effects of cultural-linguistic universals. Linguistic facts represent a rich material that indicates the heterogeneous nature of the interaction of universal and specific in the sphere of economy and business.
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Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.31891/2415-7929-2022-25-7
V. Papushyna
The article traces the typological controversy of H. Skovoroda’s poetries and Calderon de la Barca’s drama “Life is a Dream” in the context of Baroque literature. The closeness of the artists’ searches and discoveries in their worldview, humanitarian and aesthetic concepts, related with the Baroque era, is evident in the works of Calderon de la Barca and H. Skovoroda. In the foreground, the writers put forward the need for man, whose spiritual world is the arena of the duel between good and evil, to determine the place in the Universe and on Earth. It is emphasized that the main discovery of the philosophy of the Ukrainian artist H. Skovoroda is the problem of man, his happiness and ways to achieve it. In the works of the wandering philosopher, man acts as the measure of all that exists, because before knowing the huge and symbolic world, he must know himself. Skovoroda considered happiness to be the most important thing for a person. Happiness must be built on an unshakable foundation, which is invisibility, it does not depend on either earth or heaven. Each person has his own nature, so you can choose an occupation in “controversy” with this nature. The fate of Calderon, as the creator of baroque aesthetics, is a knot of contradictions of his era. The writer combines philosophical reflections on the meaning of human life, on the search for truth, the place in society, a person’s understanding of himself with ardent propaganda of religious fanaticism and self-denial. Despite the fact that the path of Calderon’s heroes to the realization of the meaning of being is difficult and thorny, full of losses, disappointments and doubts, the writer believes that a person is capable of defeating himself and standing in the face of inexorable fate. The aesthetic ideal of a person, built in his works, led readers and viewers to the awakening of the soul, to productive work on the way to the realization of their hidden possibilities, to the disclosure of the secrets of existence, to the search for truth. The world of symbols and allegories as a vivid reflection of baroque aesthetics brings G. Skovoroda and Calderon de la Barca closer together in the idea that the purpose of man as a social being is to wake up to life, make the world around him better, and move towards the highest absolute.
本文以巴洛克文学为背景，追溯了斯科沃罗达诗歌与卡尔德隆·德拉·巴萨戏剧《人生如梦》的类型学争议。艺术家们在世界观、人道主义和美学观念方面的探索和发现与巴洛克时代有关，在卡尔德隆·德拉·巴萨和h·斯科沃罗达的作品中表现得很明显。在前景中，作者提出了人类的需要，人类的精神世界是善与恶决斗的舞台，人类需要决定自己在宇宙和地球上的位置。它强调，乌克兰艺术家H. Skovoroda哲学的主要发现是人的问题，他的幸福和实现它的方式。在这位漂泊的哲学家的作品中，人是一切存在的尺度，因为在认识这个巨大而具有象征意义的世界之前，他必须认识自己。斯科沃罗达认为幸福是一个人最重要的事情。幸福必须建立在一个不可动摇的基础上，那就是看不见，它既不依赖于地也不依赖于天。每个人都有自己的性格，所以你可以选择一个与这个性格“有争议”的职业。卡尔德隆的命运，作为巴洛克美学的创造者，是他那个时代矛盾的结。作者将对人生意义的哲学思考、对真理的追求、社会地位、一个人对自己的理解与宗教狂热和自我否定的热情宣传结合起来。尽管卡尔德隆笔下的英雄们实现存在意义的道路是艰难而荆棘的，充满了失落、失望和怀疑，但作者相信，一个人是有能力战胜自己，站在无情的命运面前的。一个人的审美理想，建立在他的作品中，引导读者和观众灵魂的觉醒，在实现自己隐藏的可能性的道路上进行富有成效的工作，揭示存在的秘密，寻找真理。象征和寓言的世界生动地反映了巴洛克美学，使G. Skovoroda和Calderon de la Barca在人类作为社会存在的目的是唤醒生活，使他周围的世界变得更好，并走向最高的绝对这一观点上走得更近。
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Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.31891/2415-7929-2022-25-12
O. Nazarenko, D. Yarmak
The problem of expressiveness has been quite relevant for some time now. Scholars have been studying the expressiveness in various aspects since the 50s of the 20th century. However, there has been great interest in the research of this notion in mass media discourse. This is due to the fact that the media cover the largest audience in the Internet. It is difficult to imagine the scale of the information’s impact on the recipients, especially when it comes to the emotional aspect of a person. This is where the significance of expressiveness in the texts of mass media arises. The research is devoted to the study of expressive means in English-language online media based on articles about the war in Ukraine. This article considers the phenomena of expressiveness and expression and analyses the studies of mass media discourse and its peculiarities. It also demonstrates how authors use stylistic devices in mass media and the analysis of the pragmatic function of expressive means used in the text is provided, their impact on the reader, his thoughts, views, etc.
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Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.31891/2415-7929-2022-25-8
I. Priymak
Literature of the beginning of the 21st century. is marked by dynamic processes of expansion of trends in the emergence of urbanism. The works of modern Ukrainian writers present the topos of the cities of Kyiv, Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk (Stanislavov), Zhytomyr, Rivne, Ternopil, Kharkiv, and Chernivtsi. Literary researchers have repeatedly addressed the problem of the formation and establishment of urban literature. However, the work of Olga Salipa – an original artist of the word, the author of a number of novels and novels, and the winner of the «Coronation of the Word” contest – remains outside the attention of literary critics. In the article, we focus on the urban portrait of Proskurov at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries and Khmelnytskyi at the beginning of the 21st century. In Olga Salipa’s novel “The House on Aptekarska”, the life of the city is conveyed through the perception and feelings of two women – the pharmacist’s wife Mykhailyna Derevoyed and Ulyana (Lyana) Yakovenko. The author, drawing urban pictures, depicts the city as an environment where a person seeks to find himself, establish himself and realize his place in the world. Various locations of the city appear on the pages of the work, we meet detailed descriptions of urban landscapes. Olga Salipa provides an interesting description of Proskurov, which allows the reader to immerse himself in the atmosphere of city life at the end of the 19th century, and the novel clearly outlines the modern trends of city life. The writer, first of all, reflects the city as an environment where a person seeks to find himself, establish himself and realize his place in the world. The city has the ability to preserve and transmit from generation to generation informational and cultural codes, which are the basis of civilizational development. The feeling and perception of the city are consonant with the mental visions and experiences of the main characters, which proves the tendency to psychologize the narrative. The creativity of Olga Salipa witnessed the further expansion of the thematic horizons of modern Ukrainian prose and the renewal of its genre palette.
21世纪初的文学。在城市化出现的过程中，以动态的扩张过程为特征。现代乌克兰作家的作品呈现了基辅、利沃夫、伊万诺-弗兰科夫斯克(斯坦尼斯拉夫)、日托米尔、里夫内、捷尔诺波尔、哈尔科夫和切尔诺夫齐等城市的主题。文学研究者对城市文学的形成与确立问题进行了多次探讨。然而，奥尔加·萨利帕(Olga Salipa)的作品仍然不受文学评论家的关注，她是世界的原创艺术家，写过许多小说和长篇小说，也是“世界的加冕”竞赛的获胜者。在本文中，我们将重点关注19 -20世纪之交的普罗斯库罗夫和21世纪初的赫梅利尼茨基的城市肖像。在Olga Salipa的小说《The House on Aptekarska》中，城市的生活是通过两个女人的感知和感受来传达的——药剂师的妻子Mykhailyna Derevoyed和Ulyana (Lyana) Yakovenko。作者通过绘制城市图画，将城市描绘成一个人寻找自我、确立自我、实现自己在世界上的位置的环境。城市的不同位置出现在作品的页面上，我们看到了城市景观的详细描述。奥尔加·萨利帕对普罗斯库罗夫进行了有趣的描写，让读者沉浸在19世纪末的城市生活氛围中，小说清晰地勾勒出了城市生活的现代趋势。作者首先将城市反映为一个人寻找自我、确立自我、实现自己在世界上的位置的环境。城市有能力保存和代代传递信息和文化代码，这是文明发展的基础。对城市的感觉和感知与主人公的心理视觉和经验是一致的，这证明了叙事的心理化倾向。奥尔加·萨利帕的创作见证了现代乌克兰散文主题视野的进一步拓展和体裁调色板的更新。
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Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.31891/2415-7929-2022-25-4
A. Serdiuk, V. Kulish
The article focuses on aspects of the brand name origin and sport brand advertising slogans building. Two elements of brands, such as the name and advertising slogan, are considered in detail. The name identifies the brand and distinguishes it from others, the advertising slogan is designed to highlight the views and the main target of the company. In the presented study, the peculiarities of the sport brand name’s origin were established. The names of companies may originate from Latin or Greek, relate to the subject of sports, or be associated with geographical names and objects. In addition, some brands were named after their founders or agile wild animals. Moreover, the lexical-semantic and pragmatic features of advertising slogans of sports brands were singled out and analyzed. According to the communicative and pragmatic type of sentences, slogans are divided into declarative, imperative, interrogative and exclamative sentences. Declarative slogans may contain the name of a particular brand and lexemes of belonging to the sports sphere or to a particular sport. Imperative slogans contain verbs in the imperative form, referring to the semantic groups of “state” and “process”. Interrogative slogans are aimed at consumers’ considerations regarding the quality of a brand or a certain product. Customers subconsciously turn to a certain company to find an answer to the question posed in the slogan or to make sure that the stated information is authentic. The least popular group of slogans are exclamative slogans, the task of which is to express the emotional component and emphasize certain opportunities that the brand can provide. The research results can become an important basis for further fundamental studies on the peculiarities of sport brand names and slogans.
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Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.31891/2415-7929-2022-25-10
O. Shcherbak
The article is devoted to the problem of modeling the structure of film discourse from a functional point of view. The author explained the essence of the concept of “film discourse” and clarified its relationship with related terms. The article denies the expediency of identifying such concepts as “telecine cinematographic discourse” and “cinematographic discourse” with film discourse. The material proves the hyperonymic status of film discourse. It has been noticed that scientists use the following terms in film discourse studies: film text, film dialogue, film replica, film trailer, film announcement and film slogan. It has been determined that film dialogues, film replicas and film slogans are among them of a purely verbal nature. Movie texts, along with movie trailers and movie announcements, accumulate verbal and other semiotic signs. It is established that the connections between the groups of these concepts show the transition from the largest to the smallest: 1) film text – film dialogue – film replica; 2) film trailer – film announcement – film slogan. The expediency of applying a functional approach to modeling the structure of film discourse based on the provisions of the methodology of discourse analysis and the idea of the dyadic nature of the structure of discourse as such is substantiated. However, it is also suggested to take into account the two levels of communication in film discourse (external level – collective author / audience; internal level – addressee character and addressee character) and to distinguish between ecto- and entocomponents. Entocomponents are film texts with film dialogues and film lines. These are products of communicative activity that have a certain meaning and semiotic form that can convey this meaning. They are also marked by integrity, completeness and perform a variety of discourse functions, in addition to advertising. Ectocomponents are film trailers, film announcements and film slogans, because they are the products of communicative activities that have their meaning and semiotic form, while being relatively complete and concise with a focus on the implementation of primarily advertising function. It is determined that ento- and ectocomponents in the structure of film discourse interact with each other on the principle of hierarchical subordination. Ectocomponents are subordinated to ethnic components, despite the fact that external components have a wider functional palette. It is proved that the relations between ento- and ectocomponents are established approximate identity, because movie trailers and movie announcements are almost always created on the basis of pre-borrowed frames, episodes and cues / dialogues from the main movie text. This was confirmed by a comparative analysis of the language organization of the film trailer and the film text of the documentary “Your Vasyl”.
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Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.31891/2415-7929-2022-25-2
O. Bilyk
The article reveals the peculiarities of the functioning of lexical repetition in artistic discourse (on the example of Suzanne Collins’ novel “Hunger Games”) and their reproduction by means of the native language in the Ukrainian translation of Ulyana Hryhorash. Taking into account that the main stylistic function of lexical repetition is the function of increasing the emotional and aesthetic impact on the reader, it was confirmed that the strength of such influence is explained not only by the lexical content of the repeated lexical units, but also by the close or distant location of one or another lexical unit in a given context . As a result of the research, some functions of lexical repetition in literary discourse were highlighted, namely: the function of connecting text elements (cohesion); the function of increasing expressiveness (emphasis); intensity growth function; sequence of information transmission; expression of multiplicity or duration of action; selection of a non-repeating element; adding clarity to the text due to the excessive use of a repeated word or phrase (tautology); to create a rhythm; stylistic presentation of conversational emotional speech; adding emotional color. Anaphora and epiphora were used mostly to create various visual representations, to give a certain rhythm, to create a certain emotional effect and to give an emotional color to the statement. Cases of anadiplosis, frame structure, polysyndeton as bright syntactic and stylistic markers are not so numerous compared to anaphora and epiphora, but they perform a kind of compositional and pictorial function that allows the reader to more fully enjoy the emotions that arise. Lexical repetition in the original language and its Ukrainian translation have one common goal – to achieve unity and coherence of the text. Being an effective means of influencing the reader and his consciousness, lexical repetitions help to empathize, stay in tension, feel sad, rejoice, encourage reflection and reasoning, therefore they are an integral part of the original text, which the Ukrainian translator masterfully tried to preserve and convey through the means of the native language.
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