Pub Date : 2023-02-25DOI: 10.14299/ijser.2023.02.01
M. A. Hossain, Md. Sydul Kabir
Environmental standards are updating bit by bit, but the profit margin or price rate of product is not increasing correspondingly. In this connection ZDHC MRSL Version 1.1 update to MRSL Version 3.0 including new hazardous chemical group, brands asking for Oekotex 100, Oekotex SteP, GOTS, OCS, GRS, ISO 14001, SEDEX 4 pillar, ZDHC WWGL 2.1 wastewater & sludge test reports, ZDHC Level 3 conformant chemical input, No detection of ZDHC MRSL parameter in the outlet, HIGG INDEX, carbon reduction initiatives, SBTi, updated technologies etc. but regarding corresponding funding no one is giving more profit margin, or more price rate to upgrade the environmental compliance status or to implement the mitigation measures or abatement process So, the more the environmental requirements the more the RMG sector is being riskier to survive in market. Moreover, sometimes the facilities are bound to import raw materials from the nominated areas. Which finally & heavily impact on environmental compliance in the factory level. Therefore, in this study we are trying to disclose the environmental compliance status & challenges on mitigation measures.
{"title":"Evaluation of environmental compliance and challenges on mitigation measures for EMS, Energy & GHG, Water & Wastewater, Air Emission, Waste & Chemical Management due to decreased profit margin","authors":"M. A. Hossain, Md. Sydul Kabir","doi":"10.14299/ijser.2023.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14299/ijser.2023.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental standards are updating bit by bit, but the profit margin or price rate of product is not increasing correspondingly. In this connection ZDHC MRSL Version 1.1 update to MRSL Version 3.0 including new hazardous chemical group, brands asking for Oekotex 100, Oekotex SteP, GOTS, OCS, GRS, ISO 14001, SEDEX 4 pillar, ZDHC WWGL 2.1 wastewater & sludge test reports, ZDHC Level 3 conformant chemical input, No detection of ZDHC MRSL parameter in the outlet, HIGG INDEX, carbon reduction initiatives, SBTi, updated technologies etc. but regarding corresponding funding no one is giving more profit margin, or more price rate to upgrade the environmental compliance status or to implement the mitigation measures or abatement process So, the more the environmental requirements the more the RMG sector is being riskier to survive in market. Moreover, sometimes the facilities are bound to import raw materials from the nominated areas. Which finally & heavily impact on environmental compliance in the factory level. Therefore, in this study we are trying to disclose the environmental compliance status & challenges on mitigation measures.","PeriodicalId":256189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133884611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-25DOI: 10.14299/ijser.2023.01.01
Aritro De, Aman Raj, Dakshil Rana, Pratyush Anand, Sumit Sharma, Vithika Seth, Prabhjot Singh Sugga
Smart cities are becoming the ideal solution for urban settlements to address the issues and challenges of the future. India also adopted various missions and agendas to be a part of this sustainable journey. The Smart Cities Mission, adopted in light of this development, is one of the largest missions concerning urban development. The mission has been ongoing for the past six years in the country, but the citizens are likely unaware of its progress.The study examines the disparity between 'on-paper and 'on-ground reality' in four of the one hundred Smart Cities proposed by the mission.
{"title":"Smart Cities Mission: Promises & Performance: The Environmental Sustainability of Smart Cities in India","authors":"Aritro De, Aman Raj, Dakshil Rana, Pratyush Anand, Sumit Sharma, Vithika Seth, Prabhjot Singh Sugga","doi":"10.14299/ijser.2023.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14299/ijser.2023.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"Smart cities are becoming the ideal solution for urban settlements to address the issues and challenges of the future. India also adopted various missions and agendas to be a part of this sustainable journey. The Smart Cities Mission, adopted in light of this development, is one of the largest missions concerning urban development. The mission has been ongoing for the past six years in the country, but the citizens are likely unaware of its progress.The study examines the disparity between 'on-paper and 'on-ground reality' in four of the one hundred Smart Cities proposed by the mission.","PeriodicalId":256189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115009970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-25DOI: 10.14299/ijser.2023.01.02
M. A. Hossain
Harlequin ichthyosis (HI) is a devastating skin disorder with an unknown underlying cause. Abnormal keratinocyte lamellar granules (LGs) are a hallmark of HI skin. ABCA12 is a member of the ATP-binding cassette transporter family, and members of the ABCA subfamily are known to have closely related functions as lipid transporters. ABCA3 is involved in lipid secretion via LGs from alveolar type II cells, and missense mutations in ABCA12 have been reported to cause lamellar ichthyosis type 2, a milder form of ichthyosis. Therefore, we hypothesized that HI might be caused by mutations that lead to serious ABCA12 defects.
{"title":"Mechanism of ABCA12 gene Mutation & its severity with improved management & Treatment","authors":"M. A. Hossain","doi":"10.14299/ijser.2023.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14299/ijser.2023.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"Harlequin ichthyosis (HI) is a devastating skin disorder with an unknown underlying cause. Abnormal keratinocyte lamellar granules (LGs) are a hallmark of HI skin. ABCA12 is a member of the ATP-binding cassette transporter family, and members of the ABCA subfamily are known to have closely related functions as lipid transporters. ABCA3 is involved in lipid secretion via LGs from alveolar type II cells, and missense mutations in ABCA12 have been reported to cause lamellar ichthyosis type 2, a milder form of ichthyosis. Therefore, we hypothesized that HI might be caused by mutations that lead to serious ABCA12 defects.","PeriodicalId":256189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129029589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-25DOI: 10.14299/ijser.2023.01.03
Bharat Dehingia
Discovery of Phobos by Asaph Hall in 1877 is a key signature to study alternating space technology for Mars.Phobos is the largest and closest moon-let of Mars.Mars has a weak magnetic strength to shield harmful radiation and solar wind.To terraform Mars like our Earth we need 48 sextillion joule of seismic energy.The aim of this study is to deploy Phobos at a true anomaly of 300 degree of Mars. Phobos has 48 septillion joule of kinetic energy above a mean zenith of 6000 km.We can convert this kinetic energy into seismic energy by deploying phobos at a significant coordinate near the equator of Mars.Hence it will create a Mars-quack of amplitude 51.84 for a time interval of 5 years to terraform.It gives an outcome of convection current about 669A during my simulation.It was enough to drive the tectonic plates of Mars to enlarge the magnetosphere as well as to erupt Olympus mons and Elysium mons.During this simulation I also noticed that it activated the Dynamo effect of Mars accordingly in the direction of Magnetic field lines.The presence of magnetosphere is a responsible discovery to sustain humanity on Mars before the age of Asteroids and coronal mass ejection from our Sun.The simulation showed that after volcanic eruption on Mars ,air-aqua-atmosphere came into existence naturally. After deployment of Phobos , Deimos orbits Mars to continue it's binary relation like our Earth -Moon system.
{"title":"ALTERNATING -SPACE TECHNOLOGY FOR MARS","authors":"Bharat Dehingia","doi":"10.14299/ijser.2023.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14299/ijser.2023.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"Discovery of Phobos by Asaph Hall in 1877 is a key signature to study alternating space technology for Mars.Phobos is the largest and closest moon-let of Mars.Mars has a weak magnetic strength to shield harmful radiation and solar wind.To terraform Mars like our Earth we need 48 sextillion joule of seismic energy.The aim of this study is to deploy Phobos at a true anomaly of 300 degree of Mars. Phobos has 48 septillion joule of kinetic energy above a mean zenith of 6000 km.We can convert this kinetic energy into seismic energy by deploying phobos at a significant coordinate near the equator of Mars.Hence it will create a Mars-quack of amplitude 51.84 for a time interval of 5 years to terraform.It gives an outcome of convection current about 669A during my simulation.It was enough to drive the tectonic plates of Mars to enlarge the magnetosphere as well as to erupt Olympus mons and Elysium mons.During this simulation I also noticed that it activated the Dynamo effect of Mars accordingly in the direction of Magnetic field lines.The presence of magnetosphere is a responsible discovery to sustain humanity on Mars before the age of Asteroids and coronal mass ejection from our Sun.The simulation showed that after volcanic eruption on Mars ,air-aqua-atmosphere came into existence naturally. After deployment of Phobos , Deimos orbits Mars to continue it's binary relation like our Earth -Moon system.","PeriodicalId":256189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research","volume":"261 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122539857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-25DOI: 10.14299/ijser.2022.12.03
Pinakesh Das, P. Dhara, S. Panda
Fruit-based agroforestry systems (AFS) can assure food security towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and improvement in carbon sequestration, soil qualities of low-fertile degraded land. Those were revealed through observations on farmers’ practices, literature reviews and results from different agroforestry arrangements of mango with gamhar and eucalyptus; and sweet orange with gamhar for two years (2017-18 to 2018-19) of alley cropping with pigeon pea, green gram, cowpea and toria in ongoing AF experiments at Regional Research Station (Red & Lateritic Zone), Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Jhargram, West Bengal, India. Total carbon stock as well as potential food energy production were higher in AFS than either in sole silvi tree, fruit tree or plots under alley crops, because of better performances of all tree and crop components in AFS. Mango with eucalyptus-based AFS gave higher carbon stock (62.33 t ha-1 yr-1) including improvement in degraded acidic soil pH (6.20%), SOC (11.86%), available N (9.09%), available P (13.97%), available K (11.64%) contents in soil. In that way, fruit-based agroforestry systems can be used as a viable alternative land use to improve soil health, diet and livelihood security even of resource-poor farm families throughout the year, especially during their impoverished needy times in a year.
以水果为基础的农林复合系统(AFS)可以确保粮食安全，以实现可持续发展目标(sdg)，并改善低肥力退化土地的碳固存和土壤质量。这些是通过对农民实践的观察、文献综述和芒果与甘木和桉树的不同农林业安排的结果揭示的;在印度西孟加拉邦贾尔格拉姆Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya区域研究站(红色和红土带)进行的AF试验中，用甘哈尔和甘橘进行两年(2017-18至2018-19)的旱地种植，其中包括木豆、绿克、豇豆和toria。AFS的总碳储量和潜在粮食能量产量均高于单独的银树、果树和胡同作物地块，这是由于AFS中树木和作物各组分的性能都较好。桉树基AFS处理的芒果具有较高的碳储量(62.33 t hm -1 -1年-1)，包括改善退化酸性土壤pH(6.20%)、有机碳(11.86%)、有效氮(9.09%)、有效磷(13.97%)和有效钾(11.64%)含量。这样，以水果为基础的农林复合系统可以作为一种可行的替代土地利用方式，甚至可以全年改善资源贫乏农户的土壤健康、饮食和生计安全，特别是在一年中贫困时期。
{"title":"Fruit based agroforestry systems - potential means for sustaining carbon sequestration, improving soil health and diet of community in red and lateritic zone of West Bengal, India","authors":"Pinakesh Das, P. Dhara, S. Panda","doi":"10.14299/ijser.2022.12.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14299/ijser.2022.12.03","url":null,"abstract":"Fruit-based agroforestry systems (AFS) can assure food security towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and improvement in carbon sequestration, soil qualities of low-fertile degraded land. Those were revealed through observations on farmers’ practices, literature reviews and results from different agroforestry arrangements of mango with gamhar and eucalyptus; and sweet orange with gamhar for two years (2017-18 to 2018-19) of alley cropping with pigeon pea, green gram, cowpea and toria in ongoing AF experiments at Regional Research Station (Red & Lateritic Zone), Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Jhargram, West Bengal, India. Total carbon stock as well as potential food energy production were higher in AFS than either in sole silvi tree, fruit tree or plots under alley crops, because of better performances of all tree and crop components in AFS. Mango with eucalyptus-based AFS gave higher carbon stock (62.33 t ha-1 yr-1) including improvement in degraded acidic soil pH (6.20%), SOC (11.86%), available N (9.09%), available P (13.97%), available K (11.64%) contents in soil. In that way, fruit-based agroforestry systems can be used as a viable alternative land use to improve soil health, diet and livelihood security even of resource-poor farm families throughout the year, especially during their impoverished needy times in a year.","PeriodicalId":256189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124287800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-25DOI: 10.14299/ijser.2022.12.01
Kanij Ahmad, A. Rahman, Al Mahmud
Based on the massive amount of electricity generated, the world's lifestyle and economy have greatly expanded. However, due to the scarcity of fossil fuels, the provision of power is under pressure in this country. Renewable energy provides an exception at this point, and solar energy—among all the renewable energy sources—plays a prominent role because it is environmentally friendly and indestructible. The cost and accessibility of land, however, poses a significant obstacle to the construction of land-based, large-scale solar power plants in Bangladesh. In a riverine nation like Bangladesh, a floating solar photovoltaic system offers a solution with a lot more possibilities. This research will outline the potential for floating solar photovoltaic systems in Bangladesh's Kaptai lake area and discuss feasible investigations with location prospect, FSPV costs, project revenue, environmental aspects and further research opportunities. The potential investigation for the establishment of FSPV based on financial parameters will be validated in this paper using RET-screen energy management software.
{"title":"Potential Assessment of 80 kW Floating Solar Photovoltaic System (FSPV) at Kaptai lake, Bangladesh","authors":"Kanij Ahmad, A. Rahman, Al Mahmud","doi":"10.14299/ijser.2022.12.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14299/ijser.2022.12.01","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the massive amount of electricity generated, the world's lifestyle and economy have greatly expanded. However, due to the scarcity of fossil fuels, the provision of power is under pressure in this country. Renewable energy provides an exception at this point, and solar energy—among all the renewable energy sources—plays a prominent role because it is environmentally friendly and indestructible. The cost and accessibility of land, however, poses a significant obstacle to the construction of land-based, large-scale solar power plants in Bangladesh. In a riverine nation like Bangladesh, a floating solar photovoltaic system offers a solution with a lot more possibilities. This research will outline the potential for floating solar photovoltaic systems in Bangladesh's Kaptai lake area and discuss feasible investigations with location prospect, FSPV costs, project revenue, environmental aspects and further research opportunities. The potential investigation for the establishment of FSPV based on financial parameters will be validated in this paper using RET-screen energy management software.","PeriodicalId":256189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133895208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-25DOI: 10.14299/ijser.2022.12.02
Khaled E. Bekhit, Walid El Leithy, Anfal El-Sayyar
This study aimed to examine factors that affecting the usage of online banking users in Kuwait. Five factors were included in the analysis, namely performance expectancy, social influence, trust, perceived risk as well as demographic variables as moderating variable of the study. The research used a quantitative approach based on primary data collected through the administration of an online structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using regression analysis and descriptive statistics.
{"title":"Factors Affecting Online Banking Usage in Kuwait: An Empirical Analysis","authors":"Khaled E. Bekhit, Walid El Leithy, Anfal El-Sayyar","doi":"10.14299/ijser.2022.12.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14299/ijser.2022.12.02","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to examine factors that affecting the usage of online banking users in Kuwait. Five factors were included in the analysis, namely performance expectancy, social influence, trust, perceived risk as well as demographic variables as moderating variable of the study. The research used a quantitative approach based on primary data collected through the administration of an online structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using regression analysis and descriptive statistics.","PeriodicalId":256189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research","volume":"347 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134290700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-25DOI: 10.14299/ijser.2022.12.04
M. A. Hossain
A strong health and safety program of any industrial establishment can assure safety and sound health of its employees. The present study is aimed at identifying and comparing the present condition of the health and safety environment in a embroidery, printing and accessories company with the relevant laws. The nature of this study is exclusively a case study. Personal observation and interview schedule were used to conduct the survey. 10% of the total population (i.e. 30) was selected randomly as the sample size which covers workers, concerned departmental executives, supervisors and managers of the garment company.
{"title":"Evaluation of health, safety and environmental status: A case study","authors":"M. A. Hossain","doi":"10.14299/ijser.2022.12.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14299/ijser.2022.12.04","url":null,"abstract":"A strong health and safety program of any industrial establishment can assure safety and sound health of its employees. The present study is aimed at identifying and comparing the present condition of the health and safety environment in a embroidery, printing and accessories company with the relevant laws. The nature of this study is exclusively a case study. Personal observation and interview schedule were used to conduct the survey. 10% of the total population (i.e. 30) was selected randomly as the sample size which covers workers, concerned departmental executives, supervisors and managers of the garment company.","PeriodicalId":256189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123348601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-25DOI: 10.14299/ijser.2022.11.01
Sonu Kumar, Shivam Gupta, Sandeep Singh, Nidheesh Yadav
This article introduces the theoretical study of kinetics of kapalbhati, how mathematical parameters correlated to each other. Kapalbhati is high frequency yoga breathing (exhalation breathing rate up to 2 Hz) literally means shining forehead (kapala = cranium or forehead, bhati = shining or even knowledge in Sanskrit). It is known widely for its positive effects on abdominal muscles and overall health. Kapalbhati plays an important role to enhance the abdominal muscle strength and its muscle tone as well.
{"title":"Kinetics of Kapalbhati: A mathematical interpretation of force, pressure, centre of gravity and centre of mass","authors":"Sonu Kumar, Shivam Gupta, Sandeep Singh, Nidheesh Yadav","doi":"10.14299/ijser.2022.11.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14299/ijser.2022.11.01","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces the theoretical study of kinetics of kapalbhati, how mathematical parameters correlated to each other. Kapalbhati is high frequency yoga breathing (exhalation breathing rate up to 2 Hz) literally means shining forehead (kapala = cranium or forehead, bhati = shining or even knowledge in Sanskrit). It is known widely for its positive effects on abdominal muscles and overall health. Kapalbhati plays an important role to enhance the abdominal muscle strength and its muscle tone as well.","PeriodicalId":256189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130149292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-25DOI: 10.14299/ijser.2022.10.01
F. Patel
Walkability provides a foundation for a sustainable city (Bhattacharyya & Mitra, 2013). Walking is measured as one of the most sustainable & democratic ways of traveling within the city—the advantages of applying the walkability concept and the factors related to making cities more pedestrian-friendly (TUROŃ et al., 2017). Walkability provides travel safety, security, and comfort for city dwellers (Bhattacharyya & Mitra, 2013). Pedestrian paths must be well planned in width, paving, landscaping, signing, and lighting. A walkable neighborhood or city has a controllable pattern of events to serve daily wants. Pedestrian-friendly transportation is essential for any local area as it increases social gatherings, improves peoples' safety, and improves public health and the overall urban environment. Thus, there is a need to address walkability as an essential transport mode as a revised perspective of sustainable transportation. A walking environment is one of the essential needs to take a step toward sustainable transportation. This research is based primarily on qualitative and qualitative evidence sequentially collected in three phases based on the research objective. In the first phase of research, there are two segments. The first is the footpath mapping done with the help of QGIS software, which helps identify the availability of the footpath in three areas of Vadodara city. The second is to take a pedestrian perception survey based on the MoUD framework of the walking index based on the IRC Guidelines. The second phase investigated the gap between the existing situation of road sections based on elements affecting the walkability of the proposed road section in the IRC Guidelines. It is a comparative analysis between standard & existing conditions. The last phase was to prepare guidelines & design needs to revise in IRC guidelines after examining the second phase's result. The research concludes by redesigning the existing roads for pedestrian, non-motorized transport vehicles & motorized transport vehicles with wide footpaths and spaces for vendors on the streets & roads that will enhance the walkability in the urban area.
可步行性为可持续发展的城市提供了基础(Bhattacharyya & Mitra, 2013)。步行被认为是城市内最可持续和最民主的旅行方式之一——应用步行概念的优势以及使城市更适合步行的相关因素(TUROŃ et al.， 2017)。可步行性为城市居民提供旅行安全、保障和舒适(Bhattacharyya & Mitra, 2013)。人行道必须在宽度、铺装、景观美化、指示牌和照明等方面精心规划。一个适合步行的社区或城市有一个可控的活动模式来满足日常需求。行人友好型交通对于任何地方都是必不可少的，因为它增加了社交聚会，提高了人们的安全，改善了公共卫生和整体城市环境。因此，有必要将可步行性作为一种基本的交通方式，作为可持续交通的修订视角。步行环境是迈向可持续交通的基本需求之一。本研究主要基于定性和定性证据，根据研究目的分三个阶段依次收集。在第一阶段的研究中，有两个部分。首先是在QGIS软件的帮助下绘制的人行道地图，这有助于确定瓦多达拉市三个地区的人行道可用性。二是基于IRC指南的步行指数mod框架进行行人感知调查。第二阶段是根据IRC指引中影响建议路段可步行性的因素，调查各段现有情况之间的差距。它是标准与现有条件的比较分析。最后一个阶段是在审查第二阶段的结果后，在IRC指南中准备指南和修改设计需求。研究的结论是重新设计现有的行人道路，非机动运输车辆和机动运输车辆，并在街道和道路上为摊贩提供宽阔的人行道和空间，以提高城市地区的步行性。
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