Pub Date : 2014-10-02DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898379
R. Carranza, S. Campos, A. Castruita, T. Nelson, A. Ribeiro, E. So, L. Di Lillo, A. Spaggiari, D. Slomovitz, D. Izquierdo, C. Faverio, H. Postigo, H. Sánchez, J. Gonzalez, G. Porras
From years 2010 to 2012, a key comparison of power standards at 50/60 Hz was conducted in the SIM region. The comparison included measurements of active and reactive power at three frequencies, aiming at providing support to high accuracy measurement needs of reactive power. This paper presents the results of the SIM.EM-K5 comparison and the assessment of the link between this comparison and the CCEM-K5 key comparison on 50/60 Hz power completed in 2001.
{"title":"Results of the SIM.EM-K5 key comparison of 50/60 Hz power","authors":"R. Carranza, S. Campos, A. Castruita, T. Nelson, A. Ribeiro, E. So, L. Di Lillo, A. Spaggiari, D. Slomovitz, D. Izquierdo, C. Faverio, H. Postigo, H. Sánchez, J. Gonzalez, G. Porras","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898379","url":null,"abstract":"From years 2010 to 2012, a key comparison of power standards at 50/60 Hz was conducted in the SIM region. The comparison included measurements of active and reactive power at three frequencies, aiming at providing support to high accuracy measurement needs of reactive power. This paper presents the results of the SIM.EM-K5 comparison and the assessment of the link between this comparison and the CCEM-K5 key comparison on 50/60 Hz power completed in 2001.","PeriodicalId":256575,"journal":{"name":"29th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2014)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129316032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-02DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898283
L. Zu-liang, Huang Lu, Yang Yan, Zhao Jianting, Qian Jin, L. Wenjun, Li Zhongyou, Z. Zhonghua, Liu Xiuying, Wang Jianbo, Wang Wei, L. Yunfeng, He Qing
A new type calculable capacitor has been studied and developed at NIM in cooperation with NMIA. The situation and the preliminary results are presented with uncertainty of 20 parts in 109 for realization of the capacitance unit to 1 pF.
{"title":"A preliminary report on building a new calculable capacitor at NIM","authors":"L. Zu-liang, Huang Lu, Yang Yan, Zhao Jianting, Qian Jin, L. Wenjun, Li Zhongyou, Z. Zhonghua, Liu Xiuying, Wang Jianbo, Wang Wei, L. Yunfeng, He Qing","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898283","url":null,"abstract":"A new type calculable capacitor has been studied and developed at NIM in cooperation with NMIA. The situation and the preliminary results are presented with uncertainty of 20 parts in 109 for realization of the capacitance unit to 1 pF.","PeriodicalId":256575,"journal":{"name":"29th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2014)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130552049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-02DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898299
D. Haddad, F. Seifert, S. Schlamminger, L. Chao, D. Newell, J. Pratt
This paper gives a brief description of the laser interferometer system designed for the next generation watt balance experiment aimed to realize the unit of mass by direct link to the Planck constant at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The light source is an iodine-stabilized frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser at λ=532nm. Three heterodyne interferometers with subnanometer non-linearity errors measure the angular and the vertical displacements of the induction coil.
{"title":"Heterodyne interferometer with subnanometer accuracy","authors":"D. Haddad, F. Seifert, S. Schlamminger, L. Chao, D. Newell, J. Pratt","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898299","url":null,"abstract":"This paper gives a brief description of the laser interferometer system designed for the next generation watt balance experiment aimed to realize the unit of mass by direct link to the Planck constant at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The light source is an iodine-stabilized frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser at λ=532nm. Three heterodyne interferometers with subnanometer non-linearity errors measure the angular and the vertical displacements of the induction coil.","PeriodicalId":256575,"journal":{"name":"29th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2014)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129716257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-02DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898344
L. Palafox, R. Behr, J. Schurr, B. Kibble
Josephson impedance bridges have been reported to provide uncertainties close to that from the best conventional bridges when comparing 1:1 impedance ratios. For a 10:1 capacitance ratio (100 pF to 10 pF) a type A uncertainty accuracy of a few parts in 107 has been achieved with 1-V programmable Josephson arrays. The accuracy can be significantly improved when using 10-V Josephson arrays. Preliminary measurements are also presented with type A uncertainties at the level of parts in 108 (k = 1).
{"title":"Precision 10∶1 capacitance ratio measurement using a Josephson impedance bridge","authors":"L. Palafox, R. Behr, J. Schurr, B. Kibble","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898344","url":null,"abstract":"Josephson impedance bridges have been reported to provide uncertainties close to that from the best conventional bridges when comparing 1:1 impedance ratios. For a 10:1 capacitance ratio (100 pF to 10 pF) a type A uncertainty accuracy of a few parts in 107 has been achieved with 1-V programmable Josephson arrays. The accuracy can be significantly improved when using 10-V Josephson arrays. Preliminary measurements are also presented with type A uncertainties at the level of parts in 108 (k = 1).","PeriodicalId":256575,"journal":{"name":"29th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2014)","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128807609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-02DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898288
dimitrios. georgakopoulos
A dual rf drive programmable Josephson voltage standard can generate quasi-continuous voltages. This paper focuses on the mathematical solutions to maximize the voltage resolution and describes one algorithm that can be used to solve this problem. Quasi-continuous voltages with a resolution of a few nanovolts can be achieved using Josephson junction arrays with missing junctions and arbitrary bit structure.
{"title":"Maximizing the resolution of a dual RF drive programmable Josephson voltage standard","authors":"dimitrios. georgakopoulos","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898288","url":null,"abstract":"A dual rf drive programmable Josephson voltage standard can generate quasi-continuous voltages. This paper focuses on the mathematical solutions to maximize the voltage resolution and describes one algorithm that can be used to solve this problem. Quasi-continuous voltages with a resolution of a few nanovolts can be achieved using Josephson junction arrays with missing junctions and arbitrary bit structure.","PeriodicalId":256575,"journal":{"name":"29th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2014)","volume":"156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122154398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-02DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898588
Marcelo Luiz Lourenco, A. J. Batista, Wander Goncalves da Silva
This paper describes the application of the methodology established in the Supplement 1 to the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement for the evaluation of uncertainties in the measurement of losses in power transformers. Also presented is the criterion for the validation of the software used for these measurements based on the original Guide. This additional method was developed since the original one presents some limitations, especially those related to the degree of nonlinearity of the measuring models. The results suggest that this degree of nonlinearity is such that the application of this supplementary method is necessary.
{"title":"Evaluation of uncertainties in testing of losses in power transformers using GUM-S1","authors":"Marcelo Luiz Lourenco, A. J. Batista, Wander Goncalves da Silva","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898588","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the application of the methodology established in the Supplement 1 to the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement for the evaluation of uncertainties in the measurement of losses in power transformers. Also presented is the criterion for the validation of the software used for these measurements based on the original Guide. This additional method was developed since the original one presents some limitations, especially those related to the degree of nonlinearity of the measuring models. The results suggest that this degree of nonlinearity is such that the application of this supplementary method is necessary.","PeriodicalId":256575,"journal":{"name":"29th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2014)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127518527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-02DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898397
K. Ojasalo, M. Hudlička, D. Humphreys
Traceable calibration of high-speed communications test equipment face challenges. The propagation of uncertainty from primary waveform standards can be done by using a covariance matrix approach, which becomes impractical as the waveform data length increases. With the new compressed covariance matrix approach uncertainty can be propagated for long waveform records. A freely available software tool for uncertainty assessment is presented.
{"title":"Uncertainty of communication signals measurement","authors":"K. Ojasalo, M. Hudlička, D. Humphreys","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898397","url":null,"abstract":"Traceable calibration of high-speed communications test equipment face challenges. The propagation of uncertainty from primary waveform standards can be done by using a covariance matrix approach, which becomes impractical as the waveform data length increases. With the new compressed covariance matrix approach uncertainty can be propagated for long waveform records. A freely available software tool for uncertainty assessment is presented.","PeriodicalId":256575,"journal":{"name":"29th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2014)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114203093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-02DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898310
Haikuo Zhang, Xiaohai Cui, Yong Li
A novel derivation procedure and constraint condition of the equation of reflection coefficient of equivalent source is presented. In the system of power sensor calibration, the reflection coefficient of equivalent signal source is an essential factor to figure out the calibration factor or effective efficiency. This paper gives a proof why the equivalent coefficient signal source can be used in power sensor calibration when the system of equivalent signal source is open-loop.
{"title":"Analysis of physical significance of reflection coefficient of equivalent signal source and application in power sensor calibration","authors":"Haikuo Zhang, Xiaohai Cui, Yong Li","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898310","url":null,"abstract":"A novel derivation procedure and constraint condition of the equation of reflection coefficient of equivalent source is presented. In the system of power sensor calibration, the reflection coefficient of equivalent signal source is an essential factor to figure out the calibration factor or effective efficiency. This paper gives a proof why the equivalent coefficient signal source can be used in power sensor calibration when the system of equivalent signal source is open-loop.","PeriodicalId":256575,"journal":{"name":"29th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2014)","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114596160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-02DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898258
Ying Li, Nozomi Ohtsubo, K. Matsubara, S. Nagano, K. Hayasaka
We report on the progress toward an indium ion optical frequency standard with an expected accuracy of 10-18. A 115In+ has been successfully prepared by sympathetic cooling with two laser-cooled 40Ca+ ions. The clock laser at 237 nm has been constructed as the forth harmonic of an amplified diode laser with a linewidth smaller than 0.9 Hz. After beam shaping and intensity stabilization a power over 10 mW is available for the clock transition (1S0-3P0) interrogation. Observation of the clock transition is in progress by employing the electron shelving method using the 1S0-3P1 transition at 230 nm.
{"title":"Development of an indium ion optical frequency standard","authors":"Ying Li, Nozomi Ohtsubo, K. Matsubara, S. Nagano, K. Hayasaka","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898258","url":null,"abstract":"We report on the progress toward an indium ion optical frequency standard with an expected accuracy of 10<sup>-18</sup>. A <sup>115</sup>In<sup>+</sup> has been successfully prepared by sympathetic cooling with two laser-cooled <sup>40</sup>Ca<sup>+</sup> ions. The clock laser at 237 nm has been constructed as the forth harmonic of an amplified diode laser with a linewidth smaller than 0.9 Hz. After beam shaping and intensity stabilization a power over 10 mW is available for the clock transition (<sup>1</sup>S<sub>0</sub>-<sup>3</sup>P<sub>0</sub>) interrogation. Observation of the clock transition is in progress by employing the electron shelving method using the <sup>1</sup>S<sub>0</sub>-<sup>3</sup>P<sub>1</sub> transition at 230 nm.","PeriodicalId":256575,"journal":{"name":"29th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2014)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122526660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-02DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898448
A. Rossi, T. Tanttu, K. Tan, R. Zhao, K. W. Chan, I. Iisakka, G. Tettamanzi, S. Rogge, M. Mottonen, A. Dzurak
Nanoscale single-electron pumps could serve as the realization of a new quantum standard of electrical current. Here, a silicon quantum dot with tunable tunnel barriers is used as a source of quantized current. By controlling the electrostatic confinement of the dot via purposely engineered gate electrodes, we show that the robustness of the pumping mechanism can be dramatically enhanced and the detrimental effects due to non-adiabatic transitions are largely reduced. Our pump can produce a current in excess of 80 pA with experimentally determined relative uncertainty lower than 50 parts per million.
{"title":"Effects of electrostatic confinement in a silicon single-electron pump","authors":"A. Rossi, T. Tanttu, K. Tan, R. Zhao, K. W. Chan, I. Iisakka, G. Tettamanzi, S. Rogge, M. Mottonen, A. Dzurak","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898448","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoscale single-electron pumps could serve as the realization of a new quantum standard of electrical current. Here, a silicon quantum dot with tunable tunnel barriers is used as a source of quantized current. By controlling the electrostatic confinement of the dot via purposely engineered gate electrodes, we show that the robustness of the pumping mechanism can be dramatically enhanced and the detrimental effects due to non-adiabatic transitions are largely reduced. Our pump can produce a current in excess of 80 pA with experimentally determined relative uncertainty lower than 50 parts per million.","PeriodicalId":256575,"journal":{"name":"29th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2014)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122542794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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