Pub Date : 2014-10-02DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898572
N. Fletcher, M. Gotz, R. Goebel, B. Rolland
This paper considers the problem of defining measurement conditions that approximate `DC' for resistance standards. A recent on-site comparison between the BIPM and the PTB highlighted this difficulty in dealing with Peltier heating in 1 Ω standards, but it is a general problem with a variety of causes. We aim to draw attention to this potential source of error and to open a discussion on how to mitigate the problems by improved definitions of the measurand.
{"title":"On the definition of DC in resistance measurements","authors":"N. Fletcher, M. Gotz, R. Goebel, B. Rolland","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898572","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers the problem of defining measurement conditions that approximate `DC' for resistance standards. A recent on-site comparison between the BIPM and the PTB highlighted this difficulty in dealing with Peltier heating in 1 Ω standards, but it is a general problem with a variety of causes. We aim to draw attention to this potential source of error and to open a discussion on how to mitigate the problems by improved definitions of the measurand.","PeriodicalId":256575,"journal":{"name":"29th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2014)","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122744204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-02DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898551
L. Callegaro, C. Cassiago, M. Sellone, R. Lapuh, B. Voljc, M. Kokalj, T. Funck, T. Möhring
The traceable measurement of the output signals of vibrational energy harvesters is needed in any determination of their electromechanical energy conversion properties. These signals have highly distorted waveforms, for which conventional meters show poor measurement performance. In the framework of the EMRP 2009 Metrology for energy harvesting project we realized three different meters, based on two strongly different measurement principles (ac-dc thermal transfer, and sampling) and performed a comparison of the methods; a summary of the experimental implementations and the results of the comparison are here reported.
{"title":"Electrical waveforms from vibrational energy harvesters: A trilateral measurement comparison","authors":"L. Callegaro, C. Cassiago, M. Sellone, R. Lapuh, B. Voljc, M. Kokalj, T. Funck, T. Möhring","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898551","url":null,"abstract":"The traceable measurement of the output signals of vibrational energy harvesters is needed in any determination of their electromechanical energy conversion properties. These signals have highly distorted waveforms, for which conventional meters show poor measurement performance. In the framework of the EMRP 2009 Metrology for energy harvesting project we realized three different meters, based on two strongly different measurement principles (ac-dc thermal transfer, and sampling) and performed a comparison of the methods; a summary of the experimental implementations and the results of the comparison are here reported.","PeriodicalId":256575,"journal":{"name":"29th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2014)","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122539379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-02DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898382
Lei Wang, Hongtao Huang, Xianlin Pan, Lijuan Liu, Min Li, Zuliang Lu
A measurement standard of digital input electricity energy based on the analog based method was developed in NIM China. The resistive voltage divider and current shunt with capacitor compensation were adopted; the non-integral period sampling technology was used to reduce the algorithm error. The working frequency of this standard is 45 to 65 Hz, the voltage range is 60 V to 380 V and current range is 0.2 A to 20 A.
在模拟方法的基础上，制定了数字输入电能的测量标准。采用电容补偿的电阻分压器和电流分流;采用非积分周期采样技术减小了算法误差。本标准的工作频率为45 ~ 65hz，电压范围为60v ~ 380v，电流范围为0.2 A ~ 20a。
{"title":"A digital input electricity energy measurement standard","authors":"Lei Wang, Hongtao Huang, Xianlin Pan, Lijuan Liu, Min Li, Zuliang Lu","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898382","url":null,"abstract":"A measurement standard of digital input electricity energy based on the analog based method was developed in NIM China. The resistive voltage divider and current shunt with capacitor compensation were adopted; the non-integral period sampling technology was used to reduce the algorithm error. The working frequency of this standard is 45 to 65 Hz, the voltage range is 60 V to 380 V and current range is 0.2 A to 20 A.","PeriodicalId":256575,"journal":{"name":"29th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2014)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122120137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-02DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898233
Cesar Jorge Bandim, J. E. da Rocha Alves, Luiz Carlos Grillo de Brito, Julio Cesar Reis dos Santos, Fernando da Cunha Luiz, Luiz Fernando Pereira Barros
CEPEL (Centro de Pesquisas de Energia Elétrica) has developed and patented a solution for monitoring measurement systems based on intelligent instrument transformers, called Self-Monitored Current Transformers (TCAMs)1 and Self-Monitored Potential Transformers (TPAMs)2, in order to reduce non-technical losses and monitor the electrical measurement system. This paper presents the main features of the proposed monitoring solution, based on an electronic circuit that is embedded into conventional instrument transformers. Accuracy test results obtained in the laboratory using the prototype of TCAM developed in CEPEL are also presented.
CEPEL (Centro de Pesquisas de Energia elsamtrica)开发了一种基于智能仪器变压器的监测测量系统解决方案，并获得了专利，称为自监测电流互感器(TCAMs)1和自监测电位互感器(TPAMs)2，以减少非技术损失并监测电气测量系统。本文介绍了该监测方案的主要特点，该方案基于嵌入到传统仪表变压器中的电子电路。本文还介绍了在实验室中使用CEPEL开发的TCAM原型所获得的精度测试结果。
{"title":"Laboratory Tests in a prototype of a Self-Monitored Current Transformer for monitoring electrical measurement systems","authors":"Cesar Jorge Bandim, J. E. da Rocha Alves, Luiz Carlos Grillo de Brito, Julio Cesar Reis dos Santos, Fernando da Cunha Luiz, Luiz Fernando Pereira Barros","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898233","url":null,"abstract":"CEPEL (Centro de Pesquisas de Energia Elétrica) has developed and patented a solution for monitoring measurement systems based on intelligent instrument transformers, called Self-Monitored Current Transformers (TCAMs)1 and Self-Monitored Potential Transformers (TPAMs)2, in order to reduce non-technical losses and monitor the electrical measurement system. This paper presents the main features of the proposed monitoring solution, based on an electronic circuit that is embedded into conventional instrument transformers. Accuracy test results obtained in the laboratory using the prototype of TCAM developed in CEPEL are also presented.","PeriodicalId":256575,"journal":{"name":"29th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2014)","volume":"96 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124571046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-02DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898445
C. Sanchez, B. Wood
We describe the modifications and improvements that have been made over the past two years to reduce the uncertainty of the NRC watt balance.
我们描述了在过去两年中所做的修改和改进，以减少NRC瓦特平衡的不确定性。
{"title":"Recent improvements of the NRC watt balance","authors":"C. Sanchez, B. Wood","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898445","url":null,"abstract":"We describe the modifications and improvements that have been made over the past two years to reduce the uncertainty of the NRC watt balance.","PeriodicalId":256575,"journal":{"name":"29th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2014)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123944071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-02DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898423
Z. Zhang, Z. Li, B. Han, Y. Lu, S. Li, J. Xu, G. Wang, H. Gong
In the Joule Balance at the National Institute of Metrology (NIM), the dynamic measurement during the coil movement is avoided. But for this method a rather large current in the primary coil is needed to generate the necessary magnetic field in the force weighing phase. Thus the coil heating becomes an obvious uncertainty contribution. To solve this problem, a new coil system, in which the ferromagnetic material is used to increase the magnetic field and then the coil heating is reduced obviously, is designed and tested recently. But the nonlinear characteristic of the ferromagnetic material brings the difficulty for the measurement. These problems and a solution are discussed in this paper.
{"title":"Coils used in the Joule Balance at the NIM","authors":"Z. Zhang, Z. Li, B. Han, Y. Lu, S. Li, J. Xu, G. Wang, H. Gong","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898423","url":null,"abstract":"In the Joule Balance at the National Institute of Metrology (NIM), the dynamic measurement during the coil movement is avoided. But for this method a rather large current in the primary coil is needed to generate the necessary magnetic field in the force weighing phase. Thus the coil heating becomes an obvious uncertainty contribution. To solve this problem, a new coil system, in which the ferromagnetic material is used to increase the magnetic field and then the coil heating is reduced obviously, is designed and tested recently. But the nonlinear characteristic of the ferromagnetic material brings the difficulty for the measurement. These problems and a solution are discussed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":256575,"journal":{"name":"29th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2014)","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123234475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-02DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898489
J. Kohlmann, R. Behr, O. Kieler, J. Diaz De Aguilar Rois, M. Sira, A. Sosso, B. Trinchera, J. Gran, H. Malmbekk, B. Jeanneret, F. Overney, J. Nissila, T. Lehtonen, J. Ireland, J. Williams, R. Lapuh, B. Voljc, T. Bergsten, G. Eklund, T. Coskun Ozturk, E. Houtzager, H. E. van den Brom, P. Ohlckers
Josephson voltage standards are well established for use at dc and low-frequency ac voltages. The increasing demand i) to provide traceability for arbitrary waveforms, ii) to extend the range of use to higher frequencies, and iii) to improve the accuracy is being addressed in the project Q-WAVE, which is jointly funded by the European Union and the participating countries within the European Metrology Research Programme (EMRP). Here, sampling measurements and procedures using binary-divided 1 V and 10 V arrays are investigated. In addition, a quantum-based analogue-to-digital converter for direct measurements of arbitrary waveforms is under development. It will contain several Josephson arrays in series biased by a pulse drive based on opto-electronics, in order to increase the output voltage.
{"title":"A quantum standard for sampled electrical measurements - main goals and first results of the EMRP project Q-WAVE","authors":"J. Kohlmann, R. Behr, O. Kieler, J. Diaz De Aguilar Rois, M. Sira, A. Sosso, B. Trinchera, J. Gran, H. Malmbekk, B. Jeanneret, F. Overney, J. Nissila, T. Lehtonen, J. Ireland, J. Williams, R. Lapuh, B. Voljc, T. Bergsten, G. Eklund, T. Coskun Ozturk, E. Houtzager, H. E. van den Brom, P. Ohlckers","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898489","url":null,"abstract":"Josephson voltage standards are well established for use at dc and low-frequency ac voltages. The increasing demand i) to provide traceability for arbitrary waveforms, ii) to extend the range of use to higher frequencies, and iii) to improve the accuracy is being addressed in the project Q-WAVE, which is jointly funded by the European Union and the participating countries within the European Metrology Research Programme (EMRP). Here, sampling measurements and procedures using binary-divided 1 V and 10 V arrays are investigated. In addition, a quantum-based analogue-to-digital converter for direct measurements of arbitrary waveforms is under development. It will contain several Josephson arrays in series biased by a pulse drive based on opto-electronics, in order to increase the output voltage.","PeriodicalId":256575,"journal":{"name":"29th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2014)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124356266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-02DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898431
U. Pogliano, B. Trinchera, D. Serazio
A multipurpose system for power measurement is here described. It consists of a six-input high-resolution fast sampling-rate digitizer and suitable transducers. Specific software programs are under development for its use as a system for the accurate measurement of power in a wide frequency band with distorted signals, as an accurate power quality analyzer and as a reference PMU. The present version has been calibrated by an independent procedure and tested in comparison with the primary system for the measurement of electrical power.
{"title":"A system for the accurate characterization of wideband wattmeters, power quality analyzers and PMUs","authors":"U. Pogliano, B. Trinchera, D. Serazio","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898431","url":null,"abstract":"A multipurpose system for power measurement is here described. It consists of a six-input high-resolution fast sampling-rate digitizer and suitable transducers. Specific software programs are under development for its use as a system for the accurate measurement of power in a wide frequency band with distorted signals, as an accurate power quality analyzer and as a reference PMU. The present version has been calibrated by an independent procedure and tested in comparison with the primary system for the measurement of electrical power.","PeriodicalId":256575,"journal":{"name":"29th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2014)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126342852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-02DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898468
G. Thuillier, O. Thévenot, P. Gournay
To improve the determination of the von Klitzing constant RK at a significant level of uncertainty of about one part in 108 a new Thompson-Lampard calculable capacitor has been developed at LNE. This paper presents the progress on different parts of this system, in particular on the implementation of the method used to adjust very precisely the capacitor inter-electrodes cavity geometry.
{"title":"Progress on the LNE calculable capacitor","authors":"G. Thuillier, O. Thévenot, P. Gournay","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898468","url":null,"abstract":"To improve the determination of the von Klitzing constant RK at a significant level of uncertainty of about one part in 108 a new Thompson-Lampard calculable capacitor has been developed at LNE. This paper presents the progress on different parts of this system, in particular on the implementation of the method used to adjust very precisely the capacitor inter-electrodes cavity geometry.","PeriodicalId":256575,"journal":{"name":"29th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2014)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126438275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-02DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898356
Yi-hua Tang, J. Sims
This paper briefly describes the working principle of the 10 V programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) that was developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and how to use it in a direct comparison with a conventional Josephson voltage standard (JVS). Manual and automatic comparison methods were investigated to verify the agreement between the two types of Josephson standards. The 10 V PJVS will be used as a transfer standard in the 2014 JVS Interlaboratory Comparison (ILC) that is organized by the National Conference of Standard Laboratories International (NCSLI).
本文简要介绍了美国国家标准与技术研究院(NIST)开发的10v可编程约瑟夫森电压标准(PJVS)的工作原理，以及如何将其与传统约瑟夫森电压标准(JVS)进行直接比较。研究了手动和自动比较方法，以验证两种约瑟夫森标准之间的一致性。10 V PJVS将在由国际标准实验室国家会议(NCSLI)组织的2014年JVS实验室间比较(ILC)中用作转移标准。
{"title":"10 V programmable Josephson voltage standard and its application in direct comparison with conventional Josephson voltage standard","authors":"Yi-hua Tang, J. Sims","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.2014.6898356","url":null,"abstract":"This paper briefly describes the working principle of the 10 V programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) that was developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and how to use it in a direct comparison with a conventional Josephson voltage standard (JVS). Manual and automatic comparison methods were investigated to verify the agreement between the two types of Josephson standards. The 10 V PJVS will be used as a transfer standard in the 2014 JVS Interlaboratory Comparison (ILC) that is organized by the National Conference of Standard Laboratories International (NCSLI).","PeriodicalId":256575,"journal":{"name":"29th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2014)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126522955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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