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WOMEN IN WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT: CASE STUDY OF WATER USER ASSOCIATIONS IN KARASUU DISTRICT, KYRGYZSTAN 妇女参与水资源管理:吉尔吉斯斯坦卡拉苏地区用水户协会个案研究
Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.54668/2789-6323-2023-109-2-34-51
Minura Begishbek kyzy
The goal of the study is to learn the level of education and participation of women in Water User Associations (WUA) of the Karasuu district and based on the results to develop recommendations for improving the role of women in WUAs. This study uses field research in five WUAs, which located in different parts of Karasuu district. Questionnaires were taken from 10 women from each WUA in order to learn the level of education of women and their participation in WUA. Based on a field research, recommendations developed to improve the role of women in WUAs. Most women in the WUA of Karasuu district are connected to the WUA through the work of family members or through their own position in the village leadership, which further increases their participation. For some, their husbands or male relatives attend meetings and therefore do not feel the need to participate themselves. Others, although interested in participating, but they did not know when and where these meetings were held. In order to promote the full participation of women, it is essential to raise public awareness of WUAs as a key player. However, questioners show that female farmers with higher education are more likely to participate in WUA meetings than women with school education.
这项研究的目的是了解妇女在卡拉苏地区用水户协会中的教育水平和参与情况,并根据研究结果提出建议,以改善妇女在用水户协会中的作用。本研究采用实地调查的方法,对位于克拉苏区不同地区的五个用水户进行调查。对每个妇女协会的10名妇女进行了问卷调查,以了解妇女的教育水平和她们参加妇女协会的情况。根据实地研究,提出了改善妇女在用水户协会中的作用的建议。卡拉苏地区妇女协会的大多数妇女都是通过家庭成员的工作或她们自己在村领导中的地位与妇女协会联系在一起的,这进一步增加了她们的参与。对一些人来说,她们的丈夫或男性亲属参加会议,因此觉得自己没有必要参加。另一些人虽然有兴趣参加,但他们不知道这些会议在何时何地举行。为了促进妇女的充分参与,必须提高公众对妇女协会作为一个关键角色的认识。然而,提问者表明,受过高等教育的女性农民比受过学校教育的女性更有可能参加世界农民协会的会议。
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引用次数: 0
ASSESSMENT OF THE ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT ON THE INTRA-ANNUAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE RUNOFF OF THE TOBOL RIVER 人类活动对托波尔河径流年内分布影响的评估
Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.54668/2789-6323-2023-109-2-6-16
S. Akhmetov, M.T. Tokhtarova
The article considers the use of the Tobol River water resources in Kazakh part of the river basin for the needs of economic complex for the period from 2000 to 2021. The impact of economic activity on the annual runoff and intra-annual flow distribution of the Tobol River near the city of Kostanay for the period from 1965 to 2021 was assessed according to the data of the observation station near the village Grishchenko after the construction of Karatomarsky and Verkhne-Tobolsk water reservoirs. It has been found that during the period of consideration, the average annual water resources of the Tobol River, as well as its spring runoff decreased, and the river runoff in summer and autumn increased compared to the natural period.
本文考虑了2000年至2021年期间,托博尔河流域哈萨克部分的水资源用于经济综合体的需要。根据Karatomarsky和Verkhne-Tobolsk水库建设后Grishchenko村附近观测站的数据,评估了1965 - 2021年经济活动对Kostanay市附近Tobol河年径流量和年内流量分布的影响。研究发现,与自然期相比,考虑期Tobol河的年平均水资源和春季径流量减少,夏季和秋季径流量增加。
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引用次数: 0
CHANGES IN SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SNOW DEPOSIT DURING 2001…2022 IN EAST KAZAKHSTAN 2001 ~ 2022年哈萨克斯坦东部积雪空间分布变化
Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.54668/2789-6323-2023-108-1-35-41
A. Terekhov, N. Abayev
In recent years, regional satellite products that provide high spatial and temporal resolution for describing snow cover parameters have become publicly available. These products offer the most accurate estimates for steppe areas, where interference from forest cover is minimal. Regular data grids provide new opportunities to analyze the spatial characteristics of snow coverage in territories that previously could not be obtained from meteorological station data. This study investigates the long-term changes in the large-scale spatial distribution of water reserves in the snow cover in the Abai and East Kazakhstan regions. These characteristics of the snow cover can also experience transformations, which are driven by climate change. The Abai and East Kazakhstan regions of Kazakhstan, with a total area of about 0.27 million km2, are located in the center of the Eurasian continent. This paper describes the transformation of the large-scale spatial distribution of the snow cover on the analyzed territory from 2001 to 2022. The Snow Water Equivalent Anomaly (SWEA) product on March 1 was used as the initial data, which has a daily update and a resolution of 1 km and is available on the USGS FEWS NET portal. It was found that the large-scale spatial distribution of positive anomalies of the water equivalent of the snow cover on the analyzed territory varied between 2001…2022, with an increase in situations characterized by a decrease in the typical size of zones with positive anomalies of water reserves in the snow. This effect is partly synchronized with similar phenomena described for large mountainous countries of Eurasia, where the average area of clusters forming an area with a positive anomaly of water reserves in snow decreased tenfold from 2001 to 2019, from approximately 10,000 km2 to 1,000 km2.
近年来,能够提供高时空分辨率描述积雪参数的区域卫星产品已经公开。这些产品对森林覆盖干扰最小的草原地区提供了最准确的估计。常规数据网格为分析以前无法从气象站数据获得的地区积雪覆盖的空间特征提供了新的机会。本文研究了阿拜和东哈萨克斯坦地区积雪水储量的大尺度空间分布的长期变化。积雪的这些特征也会经历变化,这是由气候变化驱动的。哈萨克斯坦的阿拜和东哈萨克斯坦地区位于欧亚大陆的中心,总面积约27万平方公里。本文描述了2001 - 2022年分析区积雪大尺度空间分布的变化。使用3月1日的雪水等效异常(SWEA)产品作为初始数据,该数据每天更新一次,分辨率为1公里,可在USGS FEWS NET门户网站上获得。结果表明:2001 ~ 2022年,研究区积雪水当量正异常的大尺度空间分布呈现变化趋势,积雪水储量正异常区典型面积减小的情况有所增加;这种影响与欧亚大陆大型山地国家描述的类似现象部分同步,在这些国家,形成雪中水分储备正异常区域的集群的平均面积从2001年到2019年减少了十倍,从大约10,000平方公里减少到1,000平方公里。
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引用次数: 0
A SET OF TOPONYMS DEFINING THE FEATURES OF THE SOIL AND VEGETATION COVER OF THE SHET DISTRICT 一组地名定义了片区土壤和植被覆盖的特征
Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.54668/2789-6323-2023-108-1-28-34
A. Yeginbayeva, K. Saparov
The article considers a set of toponyms that determine the soil and vegetation cover of the Shet district of the Karaganda region. The patterns of distribution and the degree of manifestation of the association of phytonyms that characterize the landscape features of the territory by natural zones are determined. During the analysis of phytonyms, the names of relic juniper, pine, red birch, black alder, ash and ancient sites of these trees were identified, and the prerequisites for their restoration were created.
本文考虑了一组地名,这些地名决定了卡拉干达地区Shet地区的土壤和植被覆盖。确定了以自然地带表征领土景观特征的植物名称的分布模式和关联的表现程度。在植物名称分析中,确定了残桧、松树、红桦、黑桤木、白蜡树等树种的名称和遗址,为这些树种的恢复创造了先决条件。
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引用次数: 0
REGULARITIES OF THE PLACEMENT OF ORONYMS OF THE SHET DISTRICT 表区反义词的放置规律
Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.54668/2789-6323-2023-108-1-19-27
A. Yeginbayeva
The article considers the system of oronyms that characterize the features of the terrain of the Shetsky district of the Karaganda region. The spatial patterns of distribution and concentration of the oronym system of the territory, which differ in various landforms, and the activity of orotermines in the toponyms were differentiated on the basis of actual data confirmed in tables and maps. The degree of expression of typical types of oronyms in geographical names was also determined on the basis of landscape features, and etymological studies were conducted.
本文考虑了表征卡拉干达地区谢茨基地区地形特征的同义词系统。根据表格和地图上确认的实际数据,对不同地形下不同地域的词缀系统分布和集中的空间格局以及词缀在地名中的活动进行了区分。根据景观特征确定地名中典型类型的异义词的表达程度,并进行词源学研究。
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引用次数: 0
OVERVIEW OF NATURAL HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA, OBSERVED ON THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN IN 2021 2021年在哈萨克斯坦共和国境内观测到的自然水文气象现象概述
Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.54668/2789-6323-2023-108-1-42-77
Zh.K. Isabekova, M.N. Sakimova, I. V. Verevkina, L.K. Sailybayeva, S. Ibrayev, E. Mukanov, K. Bubeneeva, N. Ivkina, E.I. Vasenina, B.T. Zhezdibayeva, N. Kuzhageldina
The review provides information on the weather conditions, a brief description of the synoptic processes that caused the occurrence of natural meteorological phenomena, hydrometeorological and agrometeorological conditions, the state of the water surface of the Caspian Sea in 2021 (January- December) on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Data from 209 meteorological stations of the Republican Hydrometeorological Fund of RSE "Kazhydromet" were used to prepare a review of the weather condition. The climatic norms of variables were calculated according to the recommendations of the WMO as the average long-term value for the period 1981...2010. Air temperature anomalies are defined as deviations of the observed value from the norm; precipitation anomalies were considered in fractions (percentages) of the norm. The basis for the selection of criteria for natural hydrometeorological phenomena was based on the guiding documents of the RSE "Kazhydromet" "Instructions to meteorological stations and posts. The procedure for transmitting information about dangerous and natural hydrometeorological phenomena", "Methodological guidelines for making a forecast of sea level, run-up phenomena and a bulletin on the Caspian Sea", "Guidance on the forecasting service".
该报告提供了有关天气条件的信息,简要描述了导致自然气象现象发生的天气过程,水文气象和农业气象条件,以及2021年(1月至12月)里海在哈萨克斯坦共和国境内的水面状况。利用RSE“Kazhydromet”共和国水文气象基金209个气象站的数据编制了一次天气状况回顾。各变量的气候标度根据世界气象组织的建议计算为1981 ~ 2010年的长期平均值。气温异常定义为观测值与正常值的偏差;降水异常以正常值的分数(百分比)来考虑。自然水文气象现象标准的选取依据是RSE《Kazhydromet》的指导性文件《对气象台站的指示》。传送危险和自然水文气象现象信息的程序”,“海平面、上升现象和里海公报预报的方法指南”,“预报服务指南”。
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引用次数: 0
CRYOLOGICAL STUDY OF SNOW AND SOIL AT THE MSU SITE IN WINTER 2022/2023 2022/2023年冬季msu站点雪和土壤的低温研究
Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.54668/2789-6323-2023-108-1-6-18
D. Frolov, Y. Seliverstov, S. Sokratov, A. V. Koshurnikov, V. Gagarin, E.S. Nikolaeva
The paper presents the results of field studies conducted at the MSU meteorological site for the winter period 2022/2023. The purpose of the observations was to study the development of the snow column and its spatial variability in one winter season. Field research consisted in the analysis of stratigraphic layers of snow and measuring their density. The data obtained made it possible to characterize and evaluate changes in snow layers, their structure and density in spatiotemporal terms. The results of the work are displayed on the graphs of the spatial and temporal variability of the snow cover for 2022/2023, the evolution of the snow column over the winter period is analyzed. The analysis of observations reflects a really high spatial and temporal variability of snow cover in winter, which allows not only to evaluate and compare the data obtained with past studies, but also to supplement and improve the already available information on the heterogeneity of snow cover. The purpose was also to assess the effect of snow cover on the temperature characteristics of the soil.
本文介绍了2022/2023年冬季在密歇根州立大学气象站进行的野外研究结果。观测的目的是研究一个冬季雪柱的发展及其空间变异性。实地研究包括分析雪的地层和测量它们的密度。所获得的数据使我们能够描述和评价雪层的变化及其时空结构和密度。将研究成果以2022/2023年积雪时空变化图的形式展示出来,并分析了冬季积雪柱的演变过程。对观测资料的分析反映了冬季积雪具有较高的时空变异性,这不仅可以与以往的研究资料进行评价和比较,而且可以补充和完善已有的积雪异质性信息。目的还在于评估积雪对土壤温度特征的影响。
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引用次数: 0
DYNAMICS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE ESIL WATER BASIN 黄土流域气候变化动态
Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.54668/2789-6323-2022-107-4-6-23
М.А. Karatay, G.Е. Turumova
The article considers climatic parameters: air temperature, precipitation, humidity, saturation deficit, wind speed and direction at meteorological stations of the Esil water basin. The intra-annual course of their distribution is given, statistical characteristics are calculated, such as the average long-term value, the standard deviation, the difference between the average long-term values for the periods 1961…1990 and 1991…2020, the angular coefficient of linear trend and the coefficient of determination. The norms of the average monthly surface air temperatures in the basin and the amount of precipitation for two consecutive periods are compared. The time series, sliding 11-year averages for the period 1941…2021 and a linear trend for the period 1976…2021 of the average monthly surface air temperature and precipitation over the territory of the Esil Water Basin are given.
本文考虑了Esil流域气象站的气温、降水、湿度、饱和亏缺、风速和风向等气候参数。给出了它们的年内分布过程,计算了它们的统计特征,如长期平均值、标准差、1961 ~ 1990年和1991 ~ 2020年的长期平均值之差、线性趋势的角系数和决定系数。比较了流域连续两个时期的月平均地表气温和降水量。本文给出了1941 ~ 2021年11年平均的时间序列和1976 ~ 2021年的线性变化趋势。
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引用次数: 1
GEOGRAPHICAL BASIS FOR STUDYING THE SYSTEM OF HYDRONYMS OF THE SHET DISTRICT 研究片区水合词系统的地理基础
Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.54668/2789-6323-2022-107-4-52-61
A. Yeginbayeva, K. Saparov
The article studies the system of hydronyms of the Shet district of the Karaganda region, analyzes more than 250 hydronymic names and terms. The significance of hydronyms, which provide extensive information from the natural conditions and landscape features of the territory located on the border of the steppe and semi-desert zones, is comprehensively characterized. Hydronymic names serve as the only sign system that gives a spatial description of the area. In the course of the study, the hydronymic names were grouped and a map of the hydronyms of the territory was compiled based on actual data.
本文研究了卡拉干达地区谢特地区的水词系统,分析了250多个水词名称和术语。水词的意义是全面的,它提供了关于位于草原和半沙漠地带边界的领土的自然条件和景观特征的广泛信息。水的名字作为唯一的标志系统,给出了该地区的空间描述。在研究过程中,对这些地名进行了分组,并根据实际数据编制了一份该地区的地名地图。
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引用次数: 0
ABOUT THE EXPANSION OF THE PRODUCTS OF RSE «KAZHYDROMET»: STATE CLIMATE CADASTRE 关于«kazhydromet»产品的扩展:国家气候地籍
Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.54668/2789-6323-2022-107-4-62-71
A.B. Zhapbasbaeva, J.K Isabekova
The concept of the state climatic cadastre and its content are given. The sources of meteorological information and the stages of its processing to obtain the final inventory data are described: from observations at stations to the final stage – climatological data processing. Information is provided on navigation in the electronic version of the cadastre, on the currently available data, the frequency of publications of the components of the cadastre, as well as web links to the source itself and the fundamental by-law on the maintenance of the state climate cadastre. The information is intended both for hydrometeorologists and for a wide range of consumers of meteorological and climate information.
给出了国家气候地籍的概念及其内容。介绍了气象信息的来源及其为获得最终库存数据而进行的处理阶段:从站内观测到最后阶段——气候资料处理。提供的信息包括电子地籍导航、现有数据、地籍各组成部分的出版频率、来源本身的网站链接以及维护国家气候地籍的基本细则。这些信息既适用于水文气象学家,也适用于广泛的气象和气候信息消费者。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Hydrometeorology and ecology
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